CN116712523A - 一种治疗中虚气逆型反流性食管炎组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗中虚气逆型反流性食管炎组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗中虚气逆型反流性食管炎的组合物,其特征在于,由重量份数的原材料制成:旋复花80~120份,党参120~160份,生姜20~50份,赭石120~160份,半夏100~150份,白术100~150份,枳实100~150份,茯苓120~160份,山楂120~160份,蒲公英100~150份,大枣100~150份,炙甘草80~120份,砂仁80~100份,豆蔻80~100份,瓦楞子120~160份,海螵蛸120~160份。本发明提供的组合物,可用于治疗中虚气逆型反流性食管炎引起的烧心、吐酸、反酸、胃脘痛、胸痹等症状,并降低患者食管癌等并发症的发病率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药组合物领域,具体为一种治疗中虚气逆型反流性食管炎组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
反流性食管炎(reflux esophagitis,RE)是指由各种原因导致,食管受到反流的胃与十二指肠内容物损害,而发生的一种以食管黏膜破损为特征的一种炎症性疾病。反流性食管炎病灶以食管中下段为主,60-70岁人群发病率最高。典型症状为进食后60min内胸骨后方的灼烧感,伴从上腹部向颈部放射性疼痛,以及喉咙或口腔中有酸味或灼烧液体,30%患者可能出现吞咽困难。常见的并发症为食管狭窄、出血、Barrett食管及食管腺癌等。RE是胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)的一种,约占GERD的30%~40%。根据流行病学调查,我国胃食管反流病发病率为5.77%,反流性食管炎发病率为1.92%。反流性食管炎目前在我国的发病率呈现逐年增长的趋势。
西医目前没有针对反流性食管炎治疗的药物,主要以抑酸抑酶及促胃动力的药物进行对症治疗,常见药物有奥美拉唑等抑酸药物,以及促进胃动力、保护胃黏膜如莫沙必利片、铝碳酸镁片等药物。通过临床治疗的长期观察来看此类药物对于患者症状具有短期的缓解作用,但对部分患者疗效并不令人满意,长期使用这些药容易造成萎缩性胃炎,并且患者常出现病情反复以及频发的药物不良反应,无法解决反流患者的根本问题。而外科手术治疗需要具备相应的手术指征,应用范围有限。
近年来中医药治疗反流性食管炎积累了丰富的经验,已证实有良好的临床疗效。根据《胃食管反流病中医诊疗共识意见(2017)》中医症候分类标准,将反流性食管炎分为以下六种类型:肝胃郁热证、胆热犯胃证、气郁痰阻证、瘀血阻络证、中虚气逆证和脾虚湿热证。反流性食管炎可归属于中医食管瘅、吐酸、嘈杂、反胃、痞满、胸痹、噎膈等疾病范畴。根据该病病位在食管,与胃密切相关。若生活不规律,饮食不节,嗜食肥甘厚味,夏天贪食饮冷,这些都会导致脾胃虚弱,脾胃纳腐熟的功能受损,不能正常调节气机,胃失和降,则可出现吞酸、吐酸等症。
中医在辨证论治理论支持下进行治疗,其疗效显著,副作用少,复发率低,充分体现了中医整体治疗的特色与优势。中医治疗反流性食管炎以“和法”为主,或和中消导、或疏肝和胃、或补益脾胃、或辛开苦降,在改善症状、减轻炎症、促进受损食管黏膜修复及增加胃动力等方面,取得了良好的疗效。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种治疗中虚气逆型反流性食管炎的组合物,本发明还提供了治疗中虚气逆型反流性食管炎的组合物的制备方法。用于治疗中虚气逆型反流性食管炎引起的烧心、吐酸、反酸、胃脘痛、胸痹等症状,并降低患者食管癌等并发症的发病率。
为实现以上第一目的,本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现:一种治疗中虚气逆型反流性食管炎的组合物,其特征在于,由以下重量份数的原材料制成:旋复花80~120份,党参120~160份,生姜20~50份,赭石120~160份,半夏100~150份,白术100~150份,枳实100~150份,茯苓120~160份,山楂120~160份,蒲公英100~150份,大枣100~150份,炙甘草80~120份,砂仁80~100份,豆蔻80~100份,瓦楞子120~160份,海螵蛸120~160份。
作为优选:由以下重量份数的原材料制成:旋复花100份,党参150份,生姜30份,赭石150份,半夏120份,白术120份,枳实120份,茯苓150份,山楂150份,蒲公英120份,大枣120份,炙甘草100份,砂仁90份,豆蔻90份,瓦楞子150份,海螵蛸150份。
作为优选:由以下重量份数的原材料制成:旋复花120份,党参160份,生姜50份,赭石120份,半夏100份,白术150份,枳实150份,茯苓160份,山楂160份,蒲公英100份,大枣150份,炙甘草120份,砂仁100份,豆蔻100份,瓦楞子160份,海螵蛸160份。
作为优选:由以下重量份数的原材料制成:旋复花80份,党参120份,生姜20份,赭石160份,半夏150份,白术100份,枳实100份,茯苓120份,山楂120份,蒲公英150份,大枣100份,炙甘草80份,砂仁80份,豆蔻90份,瓦楞子140份,海螵蛸120份。
本发明的第二目的是这样实现的:一种治疗中虚气逆型反流性食管炎的组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:将上述原料药物加水600-800份,在18-25℃下,浸泡15-25min,然后武火烧开,再转文火,煎煮20-30min,过滤,得滤液,备用;滤渣加水300-400份,武火烧开后,转文火,煎煮10-15min,过滤,弃去滤渣,得滤液,合并两次滤液,浓缩至两次加水量的1/3,即得。
本发明原料价廉易得,制备方法简单,成本低,易服用,效果好,能明显缓解患者症状,加快食管黏膜组织修复,是治疗中虚气逆型反流性食管炎药物上的创新。
本发明的用于治疗中虚气逆型反流性食管炎的中药组合药物的16味原料药中单味药的功效、主治病症、医籍记载及药理作用如下:
本发明中所述的旋复花为菊科植物旋复花Inula japonica Thunb.或欧亚旋复花的I.britannica L.的头状花序,具有降气行水化痰,降逆止呕的作用,主治胸中痰结,胁下胀满,咳喘,呃逆,唾如胶漆,心下痞鞕,噫气不除,大腹水肿。《本经》中:“主结气,胁下满,惊悸。除水,去五脏间寒热,补中,下气。”《药性论》中:“主肋胁气,下寒热水肿,主治膀胱宿水,去逐大腹,开胃,止呕逆不下食。”现代药理学研究表明旋覆花含三萜类皂苷、鞣质、蜡醇、豆甾醇等多种甾醇。具有祛痰、抑菌、刺激胃肠粘膜等作用。
本发明中所述的党参为桔梗科党参属植物党参Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.素花党参C.Pilosula Nannf.var.Modesta(Nannf.)L.T.Shen或川党参C.tangshenOliv.的根,具有补中益气,和胃生津,祛痰止咳的作用,主治脾虚食少便溏,四肢无力,心悸,气短,口干,自汗,脱肛,阴挺。党参最早记录于《本草从新》,认为其具有补脾益肺、养血生津的功效。现代药理学研究表明党参中含有黄酮类、生物碱类、糖类、皂苷类、甾体类、氨基酸类等活性成分。具有提高机体免疫力、调节改善消化系统、抗炎、调节内分泌系统、改善造血功能、预防动脉血管粥样硬化和高血压以及抗衰老的作用。
本发明中所述的生姜为姜科植物姜Zingiber officinale Roscoe的新鲜根茎,具有解表散寒,温中止呕,温肺止咳的作用,用于除风邪寒热,伤寒头痛鼻塞,咳逆上气,止呕吐,去痰下气等。《本经》中:“久服去臭气,通神明。”《名医别录》中:“味辛,微温。主治伤寒头痛、鼻塞、咳逆上气,止呕吐。又,生姜,微温,辛,归五藏。去痰,下气,止呕吐,除风邪寒热。久服小志少智,伤心气。”现代药理学研究表明生姜含有挥发油和姜辣素等多种成分。具有保护胃黏膜细胞、抑制盐酸性和应激性胃黏膜损伤、抑制胃机能及直接兴奋胃平滑肌、末梢性镇吐等作用。
本发明中所述的赭石为氧化物类矿物赤铁矿Haematitum的矿石,具有平肝镇逆,凉血止血的作用,用于噫气呕逆,噎膈反胃,哮喘,惊痫,吐血,鼻衄,肠风,痔瘘,崩漏带下等。《本经》中:“主贼风蛊毒,腹中毒邪气,女子赤沃漏下。”《名医别录》中:“主带下百病,产难,胞衣不出,堕胎,养血气,除五脏血脉中热,血痹,血瘀,大人小儿惊气入腹,及阴痿不起。”《药性论》中:“治女子崩中淋沥不止,疗生子不落。”现代药理学研究表明赭石主含三氧化二铁(Fe2O3),其中铁70%,氧30%,并含有硅、铝、钛、镁、锰、钙、铅、砷等杂质。具有兴奋肠管、促进肠蠕动、促进红细胞及血红蛋白的新生及中枢镇静等作用。
本发明中所述的半夏为天南星科植物半夏Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Breit.的块茎,具有燥湿化痰,降逆止呕,消痞散结的作用,用于痰多咳喘,痰饮眩悸,风痰眩晕,痰厥头痛,呕吐反胃,胸脘痞闷,梅核气;生用外治痈肿痰核等。《本经》中:“主贼风蛊毒,腹中毒邪气,女子赤沃漏下。”《名医别录》中:“主带下百病,产难,胞衣不出,堕胎,养血气,除五脏血脉中热,血痹,血瘀,大人小儿惊气入腹,及阴痿不起。”《药性论》中:“治女子崩中淋沥不止,疗生子不落。”现代药理学研究表明半夏含有挥发油、麻黄碱类、皂苷等成分。具有镇咳、祛痰、镇吐、催吐、抗溃疡及抗肿瘤作用等作用。
本发明中所述的白术为菊科植物Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz的根茎,具有健脾益气,燥湿利水,止汗,安胎的功效,用于脾虚食少,腹胀泄泻,痰饮眩悸,水肿,自汗,胎动不安。《医学启源》记载:“除湿益燥,和中益气,温中,去脾胃中湿,除胃热,强脾胃,进饮食,安胎。”《药品化义》中:“凡郁结气滞,胀闷积聚,吼喘壅塞,胃痛由火,痈疽多脓,黑瘦人气实作胀,皆宜忌用。”现代药理学研究表明白术具有利尿、降血糖、提高抗病能力、抗凝血、抗肿瘤等作用。
本发明中所述的枳实为芸香科植物酸橙Citrus aurantium L.及栽培变种或甜橙Citrus sinensis Osbeck的干燥幼果,具有破气消积,化痰散痞的功效,用于积滞内停,痞满胀痛,大便秘结,泻痢后重,结胸,胃下垂,子宫脱垂,脱肛。《药品化义》:“枳实专泄胃实,开导坚结,故主中脘以治血分,疗脐腹间实满,消痰癖、祛停水、逐宿食、破结胸、通便闭、非此不能也。若皮肤作痒,因积血滞于中,不能营养肌表,若饮食不思,因脾郁结不能运化,皆取其辛散苦泻之力也。为血分中之气药,惟此称最。”现代药理学研究表明枳实具有升压、改善微循环、调节胃肠道运动、增强心肌收缩力等作用。
本发明中所述的茯苓为多孔菌科真菌茯苓Poria cocos(Schw)Wolf的菌核,具有渗湿利水,益脾胃保肾,安神生津等功效,用于止渴,利小便,除湿益燥,和中益气。《本经》中:“胸胁逆气,忧恚惊邪恐悸,心下结痛,寒热烦满咳逆,口焦舌干,利小便。久服,安魂养神,不饥延年。”现代药理学研究表明茯苓具有调节免疫、利尿、化石保肝、抗白血病、抗肿瘤、抗疲劳、抗衰老等作用。
本发明中所述的山楂为蔷薇科植物山里红Crataegus pinnatifidaBge.var.major N.E.Br.或山楂Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.的成熟果实,具有健脾开胃、消食化滞、活血化痰等功效,用于胸膈脾满、疝气、血淤、闭经等。《本草纲目》中:“化饮食,消肉积症瘕,痰饮痞满吞酸,滞血痛胀。”现代药理学研究表明茯苓具有降血脂、血压、强心、抗心律不齐等作用。
本发明中所述的蒲公英为菊科植物蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.碱地蒲公英Taraxacum borealisinense Kitam.或同属数种植物的全草,具有利尿、缓泻、退黄疸、利胆等功效,用于清热解毒、消肿散结、利尿通淋等。现代药理学研究表明蒲公英可以用于淋巴腺炎,瘰疬,疔毒疮肿,急性结膜炎,感冒发热,急性扁桃体炎,急性支气管炎,胃炎,肝炎,胆囊炎,尿路感染等的治疗。
本发明中所述的大枣为鼠李科植物枣Ziziphus jujuba Mill.的成熟果实,具有补中益气、养血安神等功效,用于脾气虚证、脏躁失眠等。《本经》中:“主心腹邪气,安中养脾,助十二经。平胃气,通九窍,补少气、少津液,身中不足,大惊,四肢重,和百药。”现代药理学研究表明大枣能够增强肌力、消除疲劳、扩张血管、增加心肌收缩力、改善心肌营养,对防治心血管系统疾病有良好的作用。
本发明中所述的炙甘草为甘草的炮制品。甘草为豆科植物甘草Glycyrrhizauralensis Fisch.、胀果甘草Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat.或光果甘草GlycyrrhizaglabraL.的干燥根和根茎。甘草别名为国老、甜草、乌拉尔甘草、甜根子,是一种补益类中草药。甘草为多年生草本植物甘草的根及根茎,它的作用颇为广泛,性味甘平,归心、肺、脾、胃经。在中药汤剂及中成药配伍中,常用于补气益脾、和中缓急、调和诸药之功效。其生者偏于清热,炙者则偏于补中。蜜炙主治脾胃功能减退,大便溏薄,乏力发热以及咳嗽、心悸等。甘草有类似肾上腺皮质激素样作用,对组胺引起的胃酸分泌过多有抑制作用,并有抗酸和缓解胃肠平滑肌痉挛作用,能够抑制长期胃酸导致的胃溃疡。
本发明中所述的砂仁为姜科植物阳春砂Amomum villosum Lour.、绿壳砂Amomumvillosum Lour.Var.Xanthioides T.L.Wu et Senjen或海南砂Amomum longiligulareT.L.Wu的成熟果实,具有化湿开胃、温脾止泻、理气安胎等功效,主治脾胃气滞,宿食不消,腹痛痞胀,噎膈呕吐,寒泻冷痢等。现代药理学研究表明砂仁能够调节胃肠功能、抗炎、镇痛、抗血小板聚集、降糖等作用。
本发明中所述的豆蔻为姜科植物白豆蔻Amomum kravanh Pierre ex Gagnep.或爪哇白豆蔻Amomum compactum Soland ex Moton.的干燥成熟果实,具有化湿消痞,行气温中,开胃消食等功效,用于湿浊中阻,不思饮食,湿温初起,胸闷不饥,寒湿呕逆,胸腹胀痛,食积不消等。《别录》中:“温中,心腹痛,呕吐,去口臭气。”《本草纲目》中:“治瘴疠寒疟,伤暑吐下泄痢,噎膈反胃,痞满吐酸,痰饮积聚,妇人恶阻带下,除寒燥湿,开郁破气,杀鱼肉毒。”现代药理学研究表明豆蔻能够促进胃液分泌、增进胃肠蠕动、祛除胃肠积气、芳香健胃及止吐等作用。
本发明中所述的瓦楞子为蚶科动物魁蚶Arca inflata Reeve、泥蚶Arca granosaLinnaeus及毛蚶Arca subcrenata Lischke的贝壳,具有消痰化瘀,软坚散结,制酸止痛等功效,用于顽痰积结,粘稠难咯,瘿瘤,瘰疬,瘕痞块,胃痛泛酸等。《本经》中:“与鳖甲、虻虫,同为消疟母之味。”《本草用法研究》:“同广木香、绿萼梅、路路通,治胃院痰积,气滞胀痛。”现代药理学研究表明瓦楞子能够治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡。
本发明中所述的海螵蛸为乌贼科动物无针乌贼Sepiella maindroni deRoehebrune或金乌贼Sepia esculenta Hoyle的干燥内壳,具有收敛止血,涩精止带,制酸止痛,收湿敛疮等功效,用于吐血衄血,崩漏便血,遗精滑精,赤白带下,胃痛吞酸;外治损伤出血,湿疹湿疮,溃疡不敛等。《本经》中:“味咸,微温。”《药性论》:“有小毒。”现代药理学研究表明海螵蛸能够中和胃酸、保护黏膜、抗溃疡、促进成骨、抗放射等作用。
反流性食管炎可归属于中医食管瘅、吐酸、嘈杂、反胃、痞满、胸痹、噎膈等疾病范畴。该病病位在食管,与胃密切相关。胃失和降,胃气上逆为反流性食管炎的基本病机,肝胆失于疏泄、脾失健运、胃失和降、肺失宣肃、胃气上逆,上犯食管,形成本病的一系列临床症状。禀赋不足、脾胃虚弱为胃食管反流病发病基础。病程日久,气病及血,则因虚致瘀或气滞血瘀。若生活不规律,饮食不节,嗜食肥甘厚味,夏天贪食饮冷,这些都会导致脾胃虚弱,脾胃纳腐熟的功能受损,不能正常调节气机,胃失和降,则可出现吞酸、吐酸等症。从而导致食管受到反流的胃与十二指肠内容物损害,而发生食管黏膜破损及一系列并发症。
本病病理因素有虚实两端:属实的病理因素:痰、热、湿、郁、气、瘀;属虚者责之于脾。本病病机特点:一为逆,二为热,三为郁。胃失和降,胃气上逆为反流性食管炎的基本病机,肝胆失于疏泄、脾失健运、胃失和降、肺失宣肃、胃气上逆,上犯食管,形成本病的一系列临床症状。禀赋不足、脾胃虚弱为反流性食管炎发病基础,土虚木乘或木郁土壅,致木气恣横无制,肝木乘克脾土,胆木逆克胃土,导致肝胃、肝脾或胆胃不和;气郁日久,化火生酸,肝胆邪热犯及脾胃,脾气当升不升,胃气当降不降,肝不随脾升,胆不随胃降,以致胃气挟火热上逆;肝火上炎侮肺,克伐肺金,消灼津液,肺失肃降而咳逆上气,气机不利,痰气郁阻胸膈;病程日久,气病及血,则因虚致瘀或气滞血瘀。
反流性食管炎的中医治疗根据证型辨证施治。临证治疗以畅达气机为要,依病情分别施以疏肝泄热、和胃降逆、理气化痰、活血祛瘀、健脾化湿;兼见虚证,辨明气血阴阳,补而不滞。中虚气逆型反流性食管炎在治法上以疏肝理气,健脾和胃为原则。本发明中的方中旋覆花苦辛咸温,性主降,善于下气消痰,降逆止噫,赭石重坠降逆以止呃,下气消痰,为君药。半夏祛痰散结,降逆和胃;砂仁、豆蔻有化湿开胃,温脾止呕;生姜和胃降逆增其止呕之力,并可宣散水气以助祛痰之功为臣药;党参、白术、茯苓、大枣、炙甘草甘温益气,健脾养胃,以治中虚气弱之本;枳实、山楂消积行气,瓦楞子、海螵蛸消痰化瘀、制酸止痛;蒲公英补脾和胃,泻火,治噎膈,为佐药。炙甘草调和药性,兼作使药。诸药相合,标本兼治,共奏降逆化痰、益气和胃,使逆气得降,痰浊得消,中虚得复。
药理实验表明,本发明的组合物具有良好的抗炎、治疗黏膜糜烂作用,能有效治疗中虚气逆型反流性食管炎,并且毒性小,用药安全。
本发明中各药味优势互补,诸药合用,充分发挥了各味药之间的协同作用,使本品多种活性成分共同作用,通过多种途径达到治疗中虚气逆型反流性食管炎的目的。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。
实施例1
由以下重量计的原料药物制成:旋复花100份,党参150份,生姜30份,赭石150份,半夏120份,白术120份,枳实120份,茯苓150份,山楂150份,蒲公英120份,大枣120份,炙甘草100份,砂仁90份,豆蔻90份,瓦楞子150份,海螵蛸150份制成,其中,将上述原料药物加水600-800ml,在18-25℃下,浸泡15-25min,然后武火烧开,再转文火,煎煮20-30min,过滤,得滤液,备用;滤渣加水300-400ml,武火烧开后,转文火,煎煮10-15min,过滤,弃去滤渣,得滤液,合并两次滤液,浓缩至两次加水量的1/3,即得。
实施例2
由以下重量计的原料药物制成:旋复花120份,党参160份,生姜50份,赭石120份,半夏100份,白术150份,枳实150份,茯苓160份,山楂160份,蒲公英100份,大枣150份,炙甘草120份,砂仁100份,豆蔻100份,瓦楞子160份,海螵蛸160份。其中,将上述原料药物加水600-800ml,在18-25℃下,浸泡15-25min,然后武火烧开,再转文火,煎煮20-30min,过滤,得滤液,备用;滤渣加水300-400ml,武火烧开后,转文火,煎煮10-15min,过滤,弃去滤渣,得滤液,合并两次滤液,浓缩至两次加水量的1/3,即得。
实施例3
由以下重量计的原料药物制成:旋复花80份,党参120份,生姜20份,赭石160份,半夏150份,白术100份,枳实100份,茯苓120份,山楂120份,蒲公英150份,大枣100份,炙甘草80份,砂仁80份,豆蔻90份,瓦楞子140份,海螵蛸120份。其中,将上述原料药物加水600-800ml,在18-25℃下,浸泡15-25min,然后武火烧开,再转文火,煎煮20-30min,过滤,得滤液,备用;滤渣加水300-400ml,武火烧开后,转文火,煎煮10-15min,过滤,弃去滤渣,得滤液,合并两次滤液,浓缩至两次加水量的1/3,即得。
上述药物的有效组合,互相支持,并经科学制备,具有降逆化痰、益气和胃之功效。
实施例4
组合物在大鼠中虚气逆型反流性食管炎模型中的药效学研究
1、大鼠反流性食管炎模型制备
大鼠均于术前24h禁食不禁水,应用10%水合氯醛腹腔注射(0.3mL/100g)进行麻醉,严格按照无菌操作,行不全幽门结扎+食管下括约肌切开术。具体操作如下:大鼠正中腹切口,用外径为1.5mm的金属针由胃体部位穿刺入胃并通过幽门至十二指肠端,避开血管,缝扎金属针外部剩余幽门,缝扎完毕后,将金属针抽出,由此来保证大鼠在模型建立后所剩余的幽门内径均匀一致,缝合胃部穿刺点,之后于食管-胃交界处纵行切开食管下括约肌约0.5cm,分离至黏膜层完全暴露于视野中。
2、分组及给药
SD雄性大鼠60只(体重200±10g)随机分成假手术组、模型组、西药组、实施例1组、实施例2组和实施例3组,每组各10只。造模第2天,实施例1组给予本发明实施例1所述中药组合物1g/kg,实施例2组给予本发明实施例2所述中药组合物1g/kg,实施例3组给予本发明实施例3所述中药组合物1g/kg,模型组给予等体积生理盐水,西药组以3mg/kg剂量给予奥美拉唑,每天分2次灌胃。给药治疗7d,记录大鼠体质量变化,第8天处理各组大鼠,观察反流性食管炎病理分级,取血液以及食管标本,进行相关研究。
3、标本的采集和处理
病理学切片:末次给药后24h处理动物,禁食不禁水;取食管下段组织(自胃食管交界上0.5cm处向咽喉部截取1cm长食管),置入10%甲醛溶液中,脱水,石蜡包埋,切片,苏木精-伊红染色,树脂封片。
血清胃动素(MTL)水平及胃泌素(GAS)水平测定:腹主动脉取血2mL,注入含7.5%EDTA二钠30μL和抑肽酶40μL的试管中,混匀,4℃3000r/min离心10min,取血浆,置-20℃保存待测胃动素;另腹主动脉取血2mL注入非抗凝试管,置于室温,3000r/min离心10min,取血清,-20℃保存待测胃泌素。采用放射免疫分析法严格按照试剂盒说明的操作程序测定。
4、实验指标的检测和观察指标
一般状态:观察大鼠的精神状态、活动情况、毛发光泽度、食欲、大便性状、死亡等,造模前后及处死前分别称体质量并记录;实验第1、7、14、20天各称体重1次。
食管黏膜肉眼表现及病理形态学观察:分别处死动物并取食管下段,应用生理盐水轻冲洗食管腔,观察肉眼大体表现并进行RE分级(肉眼表现及病理分级均采用反流性食管炎诊断及治疗指南(2003年)),并进行打分。
取大鼠食管下段,HE染色后,在光镜下观察鳞状上皮厚度、乳头厚度、中性粒细胞浸润程度等病理指标。
5、实验指标的检测和观察标准
食管黏膜的肉眼表现及病理形态学观察方法
肉眼表现为取材后直接用肉眼观察所见:病理形态学用光镜观察。食管黏膜的肉眼表现及病理形态学观察标准均采用反流性食管炎诊断及治疗指南(2003年),见表1。
表1食管黏膜的肉眼表现积分
注:0级为正常,Ia级为轻度RE,Ib级为轻度RE,II级为中度RE,III级为重度RE。
表2反流性食管炎病理分级
6、结果
各项指标检测结果
一般状态:经过造模后的各组大鼠均有不同程度的活动欠敏捷,动作迟缓,被毛疏松,光泽减弱、晦黯,腹胀,体重停滞不增,甚或减轻。假手术组恢复最快,实施例组在给予治疗后,上述症状、体征逐渐好转,恢复速度要快于西药组,最终各个实施例组、西药组大鼠均恢复趋于正常,模型组恢复最差。
食管黏膜肉眼表现:正常大鼠食管黏膜完整,光滑,呈白色,经过造模手术后的大鼠黏膜均有不同程度的发红,呈点状或条状,甚或出现糜烂,最为严重者有溃疡形成。如表3所示:
表3各组大鼠治疗14天后食管黏膜肉眼表现分级情况(%)
以上结果表明:治疗14天后,各实施例组的RE分级优于西药组和模型组。
食管黏膜病理形态学观察:正常大鼠黏膜除上皮细胞层内间或存在少量炎细胞外,无其他异常表现,经过造模手术的大鼠黏膜可根据病情的不同而上皮细胞层内出现炎性细胞浸润,鳞状上皮增生,黏膜固有层乳头延伸,成纤维细胞增多,严重者出现黏膜糜烂、溃疡形成。如表4所示:
表4各组大鼠治疗14天后食管黏膜病理分级情况(%)
以上结果表明:治疗14天后,各实施例组的食管黏膜病理分级优于西药组和模型组。
在光镜下观察鳞状上皮厚度、乳头厚度、基底细胞层数。参考Seefeld的方法进行测量,结果见表5。
表5反流性食管炎大鼠食管上皮测量结构(x±s)
组别 | 鳞状上皮厚度 | 乳头厚度 | 基底细胞层数 |
假手术组 | 19.48±0.35 | 23.18±4.26 | 1.67±0.34 |
模型组 | 36.44±3.46 | 85.63±5.46 | 4.84±0.52 |
西药组 | 27.78±3.86 | 31.64±6.53 | 2.39±0.46 |
实施例1组 | 18.37±2.05 | 24.42±4.17 | 2.18±0.35 |
实施例2组 | 20.64±3.25 | 20.58±6.73 | 2.14±0.62 |
实施例3组 | 21.75±2.66 | 22.46±6.25 | 2.16±0.33 |
鳞状上皮厚度:各实施例组与模型组比较,有极显著性差异(P<0.01);与假手术组比较,无显著差异(P>0.05);与西药组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。
乳头厚度:各实施例组与模型组比较,有极显著性差异(P<0.01);与假手术组比较,无显著差异(P>0.05);与西药组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。
基底细胞层数:各实施例组与模型组比较,有极显著性差异(P<0.01);与假手术组比较,有显著性差异(P<0.05);与西药组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。
以上结果表明:各实施例组对反流性食管炎大鼠的鳞状上皮厚度、黏膜固有层乳头厚度和基底细胞层数有明显的改善作用,能有效的治疗大鼠反流性食管炎,且其疗效优于西药组。
血浆MTL水平及血清GAS水平测定:采用放射免疫分析法严格按照试剂盒说明的操作程序测定。
表6各实施例组对反流性食管炎大鼠血清MTL、GAS的影响
组别 | 血浆胃动素(ng/L) | 血浆胃泌素(ng/L) |
假手术组 | 195.34±14.42 | 205.65±17.84 |
模型组 | 90.25±6.36 | 112.33±12.85 |
西药组 | 192.36±15.77 | 207.64±18.45 |
实施例1组 | 198.65±17.22 | 201.53±14.52 |
实施例2组 | 194.35±16.55 | 203.85±18.64 |
实施例3组 | 189.27±19.66 | 206.35±15.38 |
表6结果显示,各实施例组与模型组比较,有显著性差异(P<0.05);与假手术组比较,无显著差异(P>0.05);与西药组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。
以上结果表明:各实施例组能够明显提高食管炎模型大鼠血清MTL、GASL水平,对反流性食管炎模型大鼠有良好的治疗作用。
实施例5
中虚气逆型反流性食管炎患者有效性研究
80例中虚气逆型反流性食管炎的患者,男女不限,年龄20~52岁,病程5个月~4年,随机分为4组,20人/组;另选取肝胃郁热型和脾虚湿热型患者各40例,年龄24~55岁,病程6个月~4年,分别随机分为4组,10人/组(上述所有女性病例无妊娠期及哺乳期患者)。
西医诊断标准
参考《中国胃食管反流病专家共识意见(2014)》中的相关诊断标准。
中医诊断标准
参考《胃食管反流病中医诊疗共识意见(2017)》中医症候分类标准。
中虚气逆证:主症反酸或泛吐清水,嗳气或反流;次症胃脘隐痛,胃痞胀满,食欲不振,神疲乏力,大便溏薄;舌脉舌淡,苔薄;脉细弱。
肝胃郁热证:主症烧心,反酸,次症胸骨后灼痛,胃脘灼痛,脘腹胀满,嗳气或反食,易怒,易饥;舌脉舌红,苔黄,脉弦。
脾虚湿热证:主症餐后反酸,饱胀;次症胃脘灼痛,胸闷不舒,不欲饮食,身倦乏力,大便溏滞;舌脉舌淡或红,苔薄黄腻,脉细滑数。
治疗方法
中药治疗组:共120人,分别用本发明实施例1-3所述的中药组合物,每日1剂,水煎取汁300mL,分3次服。均以4周为一个疗程。
西药治疗对照组:共40人,使用抑酸药和胃肠动力药进行治疗,抑酸药选择雷贝拉唑钠肠溶片(20mg/片)20mg/次,每日2次;胃肠动力药选择多潘立酮片(10mg/片),每日饭前半小时口服,每次10mg,每天3次。以4周为一个疗程。
疗效标准
临床疗效以治愈、显效、有效、无效4个等级评定。治愈:胃镜检查显示胃黏膜正常,且症状、体征(胃灼热、反酸、胸骨后疼痛)消失;显效:胃镜检查显示胃黏膜症状改善,胃镜分级改善大于2级,上述症状、体征轻微;有效:胃镜检查显示胃黏膜症状缓解,胃镜分级改善大于1级,上述症状、体征减轻;无效:病情恶化。总有效率=(治愈+显效+有效)例数/总例数×100%。
结果
表7治疗结果
由以上实施例可以看出,本发明的治疗中虚气逆型反流性食管炎的中药组合物,全方配伍合理,具有降逆化痰、益气和胃,消痰化瘀的作用,经实验证实,本发明所述组合物对其它类型的反流性食管炎基本无效,但是能够从根本上提高对中虚气逆型反流性食管炎的疗效,总有效率达到95%以上,且各实施例组的总有效率明显高于西药对照组。
毒副作用
治疗组和对照组病例治疗前后均未出现明显的不良反应及明显的毒副作用。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (5)
1.一种治疗中虚气逆型反流性食管炎的组合物,其特征在于,由以下重量份数的原材料制成:旋复花80~120份,党参120~160份,生姜20~50份,赭石120~160份,半夏100~150份,白术100~150份,枳实100~150份,茯苓120~160份,山楂120~160份,蒲公英100~150份,大枣100~150份,炙甘草80~120份,砂仁80~100份,豆蔻80~100份,瓦楞子120~160份,海螵蛸120~160份。
2.根据权利要求1所述治疗中虚气逆型反流性食管炎的组合物,其特征在于,由以下重量份数的原材料制成:旋复花100份,党参150份,生姜30份,赭石150份,半夏120份,白术120份,枳实120份,茯苓150份,山楂150份,蒲公英120份,大枣120份,炙甘草100份,砂仁90份,豆蔻90份,瓦楞子150份,海螵蛸150份。
3.根据权利要求1所述治疗中虚气逆型反流性食管炎的组合物,其特征在于,由以下重量份数的原材料制成:旋复花120份,党参160份,生姜50份,赭石120份,半夏100份,白术150份,枳实150份,茯苓160份,山楂160份,蒲公英100份,大枣150份,炙甘草120份,砂仁100份,豆蔻100份,瓦楞子160份,海螵蛸160份。
4.根据权利要求1所述治疗中虚气逆型反流性食管炎的组合物,其特征在于,由以下重量份数的原材料制成:旋复花80份,党参120份,生姜20份,赭石160份,半夏150份,白术100份,枳实100份,茯苓120份,山楂120份,蒲公英150份,大枣100份,炙甘草80份,砂仁80份,豆蔻90份,瓦楞子140份,海螵蛸120份。
5.一种治疗中虚气逆型反流性食管炎的组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:将权利要求1-4任一项所述原料药物加水600-800份,在18-25℃下,浸泡15-25min,然后武火烧开,再转文火,煎煮20-30min,过滤,得滤液,备用;滤渣加水300-400份,武火烧开后,转文火,煎煮10-15min,过滤,弃去滤渣,得滤液,合并两次滤液,浓缩至两次加水量的1/3,即得。
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