CN116686907A - 一种驱虫泻火饲料添加剂及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种驱虫泻火饲料添加剂及其制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种驱虫泻火饲料添加剂及其制备工艺,添加剂包括中药添加剂20‑50重量份、玉米秸秆粉10‑30重量份、海藻糖10‑30重量份、阿维菌素1‑10重量份、氨基甲酸酯类药物2‑8重量份、金荞麦10‑30重量份、复合预混料1‑5重量份,制备工艺采用原料筛选、研磨处理、原料处理、配料称重、制粒干燥和包装储存的步骤;本发明提供的饲料添加剂采用无残留的非抗生素物质制作而成,能够同时达到动物驱虫和泻火的效果,具有高效、低毒、无污染、选择性高、不易产生抗药性等优点,成分富有多样性,涉及不同特性的原料,能够促进营养的平衡和全面,增强动物抵御疾病的能力,具有良好的市场前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及动物饲料添加剂领域,尤其是一种驱虫泻火饲料添加剂及其制备工艺。
背景技术
家畜消化道线虫病是一类严重危害动物养殖业持续健康发展的寄生虫疾病,每年给我国畜牧业造成巨大的经济损失。目前,对家畜消化道线虫病的防治主要依靠化学驱虫药物,但长期使用易使虫体产生抗药性,降低药效;同时,动物性食品中的药物残留不但影响人类的身体健康还会对生态环境造成污染。为了克服化学药物防控带来的弊端促进畜牧业的可持续发展,需要寻求新的家畜线虫病防治方法。
在动物生理学中,体内过多火气会引起身体阴阳失调,不及时调节会导致身体出现一些潜在的健康问题。而现有的饲料添加剂难以同时达到驱虫和泻火的双重效果,公开号为CN114246922A的中国发明专利中公开了一种羊的驱虫泻火饲料添加剂及其制备方法,包括瑞香狼毒80-120份、贯众30-50份、大黄20-40份和百部20-40份,该饲料添加剂作用为驱虫和泻火,但其所用的成分种类较单一,无法全面均衡营养,且所添加的物质中含有毒性成分,份数占比较高,可能会引起药害或毒害问题,反倒会降低动物抵御疾病的能力。
发明内容
本发明为了解决上述存在的技术问题,提供一种驱虫泻火饲料添加剂及其制备工艺。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种驱虫泻火饲料添加剂,所述饲料添加剂由以下重量份数的原料制成:中药添加剂20-50重量份、玉米秸秆粉10-30重量份、海藻糖10-30重量份、阿维菌素1-10重量份、氨基甲酸酯类药物2-8重量份、金荞麦10-30重量份、复合预混料1-5重量份;
所述中药添加剂由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:瑞香狼毒16-42重量份、贯众8-27重量份、大黄2-10重量份、百部5-20重量份、薏苡仁5-18重量份、生地黄10-20重量份;
所述氨基甲酸酯类药物由以下重量份数的原料制成:氨基丙酸酯20-40重量份,氨基甲酸酯30-50重量份。
作为优选,所述复合预混料包括如下组分:维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、烟酸、铜元素、铁元素、锌元素、锰元素、钾元素、硒元素、钴元素、抗氧化剂。
作为优选,所述饲料添加剂由以下重量份数的原料制成:中药添加剂45重量份、玉米秸秆粉20重量份、海藻糖15重量份、阿维菌素5重量份、氨基甲酸酯类药物5重量份、金荞麦18重量份、复合预混料5重量份。
作为优选,所述中药添加剂由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:瑞香狼毒22-36重量份、贯众12-20重量份、大黄5-8重量份、百部13-18重量份、薏苡仁10-15重量份、生地黄12-17重量份。
作为优选,所述氨基甲酸酯类药物由以下重量份数的原料制成:氨基丙酸酯30重量份,氨基甲酸酯40重量份。
一种驱虫泻火饲料添加剂的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、原料筛选:对原料进行筛选,去掉质量不符合要求的杂物和碎屑,而对于玉米秸秆粉、海藻糖、阿维菌素和氨基甲酸酯类药物这种较小颗粒的原料进行抽样检查并验收;
S2、研磨处理:将经过筛选和验收的原料进行研磨处理,粉碎至30-70目,对于较细的粉末和颗粒,通过拌合机或搅拌器进行均匀混合;
S3、原料处理:对中药添加剂进行过滤提纯处理,得到提取液,在所述提取液中加入适量纯净水,充分搅拌后过滤,对滤液煮沸灭菌后进行烘干处理,得到纯度较高的中药添加剂;
S4、配料称重:将处理后的中药添加剂、玉米秸秆粉、海藻糖、阿维菌素、氨基甲酸酯类药物、金荞麦和复合预混料按照重量份数比依次进行准确称重,然后逐一投入配料设备进行混合处理,混合时间设置为3-5分钟,控制混合物的湿度和温度在适宜范围内;
S5、制粒干燥:根据所需尺寸和性状,选用适当的模具和调整加工参数,将混合好的配料投入制粒机、压片机或喷雾干燥设备中进行制粒处理,制粒温度设置为75℃,制粒后对产品进行热风干燥;
S6、包装储存:采用塑料袋或铝箔袋对烘干后的产品进行包装,并在包装上注明生产日期、批次号和有效期,储存在阴凉、干燥和通风良好的地方。
作为优选,所述S3中对中药添加剂进行提纯处理的具体操作为:瑞香狼毒用6倍量95%的乙醇浸泡,负压过滤得第一滤液,将贯众装入平底三角瓶中并加水稀释10倍,水煎1-2h,过滤得第二滤液,将第一滤液和第二滤液混合并加入乙醇震荡混匀,静置12h后过滤得到第三滤液,将第三滤液旋转蒸发并回收乙醇,将大黄用8倍量55%的乙醇浸泡21h后旋转掉乙醇,将百部用80%的乙醇浸泡提取后蒸去乙醇,将薏苡仁用60%的乙醇浸泡提取后蒸去乙醇,将生地黄用75%的乙醇浸泡提取后蒸去乙醇,将以上浸膏液体混合并充分搅拌,即得到提取液。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明提供的饲料添加剂采用无残留的非抗生素物质制作而成,瑞香狼毒、贯众、大黄、百部研制等原料是从含驱虫泻火物质的植物组织中提取得到的有效成分,经加工后研制的添加剂具有高效、低毒、无污染、选择性高、不易产生抗药性等优点,符合动物添加剂从传统的有机化学物质向环境和谐的添加剂转化发展趋势,能够同时达到动物驱虫和泻火的效果,且不会产生药物残留,效果显著,副作用低,可以帮助动物调节肠胃的吸收与代谢功能,改善消化过程,进而减轻体内的火气,增强免疫力并防止寄生虫的感染,调节身体内部的健康状态,缓解身体的反应和症状;
2、本发明提供的饲料添加剂主要成分来源于天然,与环境相容,可在环境中降解或代谢为简单的天然化合物,它的有效成分只含碳、氢、氧三种元素,在环境中消解的最终产物即为二氧化碳和水,这在化学合成驱虫药物中极难达到;
3、本发明提供的饲料添加剂中配方的成分比较广泛和富有多样性,涉及不同特性的原料,包括多种植物和化学物质,能够促进营养的平衡和全面,增强动物抵御疾病的能力。
具体实施方式
这里将详细地对示例性实施例进行说明,以下示例性实施例中所描述的实施方式并不代表与本公开相一致的所有实施方式。相反,它们仅是与如所附权利要求书中所详述的、本公开的一些方面相一致的装置的例子。
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供一种驱虫泻火饲料添加剂,包括中药添加剂、玉米秸秆粉、海藻糖、阿维菌素、氨基甲酸酯类药物、金荞麦和复合预混料,中药添加剂包括瑞香狼毒、贯众、大黄、百部、薏苡仁和生地黄,氨基甲酸酯类药物包括氨基丙酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。
其中,各原料的药理功效如下:
瑞香狼毒:毛茛科狼毒属,其根、茎、叶均含有生物碱类物质,具有抗寄生虫的作用,能够防治胃肠道疾病,活血化瘀,镇痛止痛,消肿散结;
贯众:含有草酸、草酸钙等物质,有清热解毒、祛湿化痰、散结止痛、活血化瘀、改善消化等功效,促进动物代谢,改善肝功能,减轻肝脏负担;
大黄:含有芳香族化合物和黄酮类化合物,具有抗氧化和抗炎作用,有清热泻火、凉血活血、润肠通便等功效,能够刺激肠道蠕动,减轻肝脏的负担,助于提高动物健康水平;
百部:有利水渗湿、健脾化湿、清热解毒、杀菌消炎等功效,能够促进动物体内水分代谢和排泄,增强肠道吸收能力,调节肠胃功能,防治消化系统疾病,能够预防和控制某些细菌、真菌或病毒引起的疾病;
薏苡仁:有利水渗湿、健脾化湿、清热解毒、驱虫排脓等功效,能够降低胆固醇,防治肠道感染和寄生虫病;
生地黄:有滋阴润燥、清热解毒等功效,具有抗炎、抗过敏作用;
玉米秸秆粉:增加食物纤维含量,促进消化道运动,预防便秘;
海藻糖:调节肠道菌群,促进营养吸收和免疫功能;
阿维菌素:能够预防神经性血吸虫、胃肠道及肺道寄生虫感染等病害;
氨基甲酸酯类药物:能够防治秋冻线虫、异尖线虫等内寄生虫;
金荞麦:有清热解毒、消暑降温等功效。
实施例1:
本发明实施例公开一种驱虫泻火饲料添加剂,饲料添加剂由以下重量份数的原料制成:中药添加剂35重量份、玉米秸秆粉23重量份、海藻糖19重量份、阿维菌素6重量份、氨基甲酸酯类药物6重量份、金荞麦24重量份、复合预混料4重量份。
其中,中药添加剂由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:瑞香狼毒28重量份、贯众14重量份、大黄5重量份、百部14重量份、薏苡仁10重量份、生地黄15重量份。
其中,氨基甲酸酯类药物由以下重量份数的原料制成:氨基丙酸酯28重量份,氨基甲酸酯42重量份。
其中,复合预混料包括如下组分:维生素A 600000IU、维生素D 25000IU、维生素E2400mg、维生素B160mg、维生素B2450mg、维生素B6350mg、维生素B123mg、烟酸5500mg、铜元素1500mg、铁元素7500mg、锌元素8000mg、锰元素3000mg、钾元素80mg、硒元素55mg、钴元素75mg、抗氧化剂600mg。
本发明实施例的一种驱虫泻火饲料添加剂通过以下制备方法制得:
S1、原料筛选:对原料进行筛选,去掉质量不符合要求的杂物和碎屑,而对于玉米秸秆粉、海藻糖、阿维菌素和氨基甲酸酯类药物这种较小颗粒的原料进行抽样检查并验收;
S2、研磨处理:将经过筛选和验收的原料进行研磨处理,粉碎至55目,对于较细的粉末和颗粒,通过拌合机或搅拌器进行均匀混合;
S3、原料处理:对中药添加剂进行过滤提纯处理,得到提取液,在所述提取液中加入适量纯净水,充分搅拌后过滤,对滤液煮沸灭菌后进行烘干处理,得到纯度较高的中药添加剂;
S4、配料称重:将处理后的中药添加剂、玉米秸秆粉、海藻糖、阿维菌素、氨基甲酸酯类药物、金荞麦和复合预混料按照重量份数比依次进行准确称重,然后逐一投入配料设备进行混合处理,混合时间设置为3-5分钟,控制混合物的湿度和温度在适宜范围内;
S5、制粒干燥:根据所需尺寸和性状,选用适当的模具和调整加工参数,将混合好的配料投入制粒机、压片机或喷雾干燥设备中进行制粒处理,制粒温度设置为75℃,制粒后对产品进行热风干燥;
S6、包装储存:采用塑料袋或铝箔袋对烘干后的产品进行包装,并在包装上注明生产日期、批次号和有效期,储存在阴凉、干燥和通风良好的地方。
其中,对中药添加剂进行提纯处理的具体操作为:瑞香狼毒用6倍量95%的乙醇浸泡,负压过滤得第一滤液,将贯众装入平底三角瓶中并加水稀释10倍,水煎1h,过滤得第二滤液,将第一滤液和第二滤液混合并加入乙醇震荡混匀,静置12h后过滤得到第三滤液,将第三滤液旋转蒸发并回收乙醇,将大黄用8倍量55%的乙醇浸泡21h后旋转掉乙醇,将百部用80%的乙醇浸泡提取后蒸去乙醇,将薏苡仁用60%的乙醇浸泡提取后蒸去乙醇,将生地黄用75%的乙醇浸泡提取后蒸去乙醇,将以上浸膏液体混合并充分搅拌,即得到提取液。
实施例2:
本发明实施例公开一种驱虫效果和泻火效果更优的饲料添加剂,优化配方的配比及工艺条件,饲料添加剂由以下重量份数的原料制成:中药添加剂45重量份、玉米秸秆粉20重量份、海藻糖15重量份、阿维菌素5重量份、氨基甲酸酯类药物5重量份、金荞麦18重量份、复合预混料5重量份。
其中,中药添加剂由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:瑞香狼毒35重量份、贯众20重量份、大黄8重量份、百部15重量份、薏苡仁9重量份、生地黄16重量份。
其中,氨基甲酸酯类药物由以下重量份数的原料制成:氨基丙酸酯30重量份,氨基甲酸酯40重量份。
其中,复合预混料包括如下组分:维生素A 600000IU、维生素D 25000IU、维生素E2400mg、维生素B160mg、维生素B2450mg、维生素B6350mg、维生素B123mg、烟酸5500mg、铜元素1500mg、铁元素7500mg、锌元素8000mg、锰元素3000mg、钾元素80mg、硒元素55mg、钴元素75mg、抗氧化剂600mg。
本发明实施例的一种驱虫泻火饲料添加剂通过以下制备方法制得:
S1、原料筛选:对原料进行筛选,去掉质量不符合要求的杂物和碎屑,而对于玉米秸秆粉、海藻糖、阿维菌素和氨基甲酸酯类药物这种较小颗粒的原料进行抽样检查并验收;
S2、研磨处理:将经过筛选和验收的原料进行研磨处理,粉碎至60目,对于较细的粉末和颗粒,通过拌合机或搅拌器进行均匀混合;
S3、原料处理:对中药添加剂进行过滤提纯处理,得到提取液,在所述提取液中加入适量纯净水,充分搅拌后过滤,对滤液煮沸灭菌后进行烘干处理,得到纯度较高的中药添加剂;
S4、配料称重:将处理后的中药添加剂、玉米秸秆粉、海藻糖、阿维菌素、氨基甲酸酯类药物、金荞麦和复合预混料按照重量份数比依次进行准确称重,然后逐一投入配料设备进行混合处理,混合时间设置为3-5分钟,控制混合物的湿度和温度在适宜范围内;
S5、制粒干燥:根据所需尺寸和性状,选用适当的模具和调整加工参数,将混合好的配料投入制粒机、压片机或喷雾干燥设备中进行制粒处理,制粒温度设置为75℃,制粒后对产品进行热风干燥;
S6、包装储存:采用塑料袋或铝箔袋对烘干后的产品进行包装,并在包装上注明生产日期、批次号和有效期,储存在阴凉、干燥和通风良好的地方。
其中,对中药添加剂进行提纯处理的具体操作为:瑞香狼毒用6倍量95%的乙醇浸泡,负压过滤得第一滤液,将贯众装入平底三角瓶中并加水稀释10倍,水煎2h,过滤得第二滤液,将第一滤液和第二滤液混合并加入乙醇震荡混匀,静置12h后过滤得到第三滤液,将第三滤液旋转蒸发并回收乙醇,将大黄用8倍量55%的乙醇浸泡21h后旋转掉乙醇,将百部用80%的乙醇浸泡提取后蒸去乙醇,将薏苡仁用60%的乙醇浸泡提取后蒸去乙醇,将生地黄用75%的乙醇浸泡提取后蒸去乙醇,将以上浸膏液体混合并充分搅拌,即得到提取液。
急性毒性试验:
取小白鼠40只,禁食不禁水12h后,随机分为药剂组和对照组,药剂组分为高剂量组(1000mg/kg)、中剂量组(100mg/kg)和低剂量组(10mg/kg),每组10只,将含有实施例1中饲料添加剂的饲料液给药剂组的小鼠灌胃,一天2次,给对照组灌同等体积的水。各组小鼠给药后,正常饲养,密切连续观察7天,记录出现的毒性反应和死亡情况。将含有实施例2中饲料添加剂的饲料液按照同样步骤操作。
记录情况见表1:
表1小鼠变化
饲料液给予小白鼠后,根据试验结果计算,实施例1中饲料添加剂急性经口毒性的LD50为1864.35mg/kg,实施例2中饲料添加剂急性经口毒性的LD50为2743.12mg/kg,均大于500mg/kg。根据国家标准GB 15670-1995,初步判定饲料添加剂的急性经口毒性属于低毒级。
临床药效试验:
选择160只春季未驱虫的体质弱(流鼻涕、咳嗽、有眼屎等症状)的蒙古羊,随机分成4组,分别为实施例1组、实施例2组、阳性对照组(伊维菌素组)和空白对照组,统一常规饲养。
试验方法:
(1)体重称量、精神状态记录与粪便取样;
(2)用粪便饱和盐水漂浮法,计数EPG(每克粪便里的虫卵数量);
(3)用药剂量为30g/只,所有制剂均采用人工灌服一次给药;
(4)一周、两周、三周、四周后分别进行称重、取样虫卵检测、羊的精神状态与体重记录。
结果与分析:
(1)实验前后的体重变化
表2灌药前后体重变化
从表2可以看出:与空白对照组相比,实施例1组和实施例2组的试验羊的体重均有明显增加,且实施例2组的增长率最高,而空白对照组的试验羊的体重未变。
(2)实验前后症状变化
表3症状观测记录
从表3可以看出:实施例1和实施例2中的驱虫泻火添加剂有明显的止咳作用和泻火作用,能够明显改善羊的体质,加强羊的精神食欲。
(3)实验前后粪便虫卵检查
表4虫卵检查
从表4可以看出:
各组的试验羊在试验前均检出数量特别多的线虫卵,这与试验羊春季饲养于圈舍内温度高、湿度大以及寄生虫易于繁殖有关,因此在春秋季对细毛羊进行驱虫是非常有必要的;
与空白对照组相比,采用实施例1和实施例2的饲料添加剂产品对羊线虫均有明显的驱虫效果,且实施例2的饲料添加剂的驱虫效果最优,且药效较长。
前述的实例仅是说明性的,用于解释本发明所述方法的一些特征。所附的权利要求旨在要求可以设想的尽可能广的范围,且本文所呈现的实施例仅是根据所有可能的实施例的组合的选择的实施方式的说明。因此,申请人的用意是所附的权利要求不被说明本发明的特征的示例的选择限制。在权利要求中所用的一些数值范围也包括了在其之内的子范围,这些范围中的变化也应在可能的情况下解释为被所附的权利要求覆盖。
Claims (7)
1.一种驱虫泻火饲料添加剂,其特征在于:所述饲料添加剂由以下重量份数的原料制成:中药添加剂20-50重量份、玉米秸秆粉10-30重量份、海藻糖10-30重量份、阿维菌素1-10重量份、氨基甲酸酯类药物2-8重量份、金荞麦10-30重量份、复合预混料1-5重量份;
所述中药添加剂由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:瑞香狼毒16-42重量份、贯众8-27重量份、大黄2-10重量份、百部5-20重量份、薏苡仁5-18重量份、生地黄10-20重量份;
所述氨基甲酸酯类药物由以下重量份数的原料制成:氨基丙酸酯20-40重量份,氨基甲酸酯30-50重量份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种驱虫泻火饲料添加剂,其特征在于:所述复合预混料包括如下组分:维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、烟酸、铜元素、铁元素、锌元素、锰元素、钾元素、硒元素、钴元素、抗氧化剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种驱虫泻火饲料添加剂,其特征在于:所述饲料添加剂由以下重量份数的原料制成:中药添加剂45重量份、玉米秸秆粉20重量份、海藻糖15重量份、阿维菌素5重量份、氨基甲酸酯类药物5重量份、金荞麦18重量份、复合预混料5重量份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种驱虫泻火饲料添加剂,其特征在于:所述中药添加剂由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:瑞香狼毒22-36重量份、贯众12-20重量份、大黄5-8重量份、百部13-18重量份、薏苡仁10-15重量份、生地黄12-17重量份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种驱虫泻火饲料添加剂,其特征在于:所述氨基甲酸酯类药物由以下重量份数的原料制成:氨基丙酸酯30重量份,氨基甲酸酯40重量份。
6.一种驱虫泻火饲料添加剂的制备工艺,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
S1、原料筛选:对原料进行筛选,去掉质量不符合要求的杂物和碎屑,而对于玉米秸秆粉、海藻糖、阿维菌素和氨基甲酸酯类药物这种较小颗粒的原料进行抽样检查并验收;
S2、研磨处理:将经过筛选和验收的原料进行研磨处理,粉碎至30-70目,对于较细的粉末和颗粒,通过拌合机或搅拌器进行均匀混合;
S3、原料处理:对中药添加剂进行过滤提纯处理,得到提取液,在所述提取液中加入适量纯净水,充分搅拌后过滤,对滤液煮沸灭菌后进行烘干处理,得到纯度较高的中药添加剂;
S4、配料称重:将处理后的中药添加剂、玉米秸秆粉、海藻糖、阿维菌素、氨基甲酸酯类药物、金荞麦和复合预混料按照重量份数比依次进行准确称重,然后逐一投入配料设备进行混合处理,混合时间设置为3-5分钟,控制混合物的湿度和温度在适宜范围内;
S5、制粒干燥:根据所需尺寸和性状,选用适当的模具和调整加工参数,将混合好的配料投入制粒机、压片机或喷雾干燥设备中进行制粒处理,制粒温度设置为75℃,制粒后对产品进行热风干燥;
S6、包装储存:采用塑料袋或铝箔袋对烘干后的产品进行包装,并在包装上注明生产日期、批次号和有效期,储存在阴凉、干燥和通风良好的地方。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种驱虫泻火饲料添加剂的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述S3中对中药添加剂进行提纯处理的具体操作为:瑞香狼毒用6倍量95%的乙醇浸泡,负压过滤得第一滤液,将贯众装入平底三角瓶中并加水稀释10倍,水煎1-2h,过滤得第二滤液,将第一滤液和第二滤液混合并加入乙醇震荡混匀,静置12h后过滤得到第三滤液,将第三滤液旋转蒸发并回收乙醇,将大黄用8倍量55%的乙醇浸泡21h后旋转掉乙醇,将百部用80%的乙醇浸泡提取后蒸去乙醇,将薏苡仁用60%的乙醇浸泡提取后蒸去乙醇,将生地黄用75%的乙醇浸泡提取后蒸去乙醇,将以上浸膏液体混合并充分搅拌,即得到提取液。
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