CN114191510B - 用于防治仔猪腹泻的中药复方制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于中兽药技术领域,涉及一种用于治疗仔猪腹泻的中药复方制剂,该中药复方制剂由以下重量份的原料制成的膨化品:穿心莲0.5~2份,苦参0.5~2份,石榴皮1~2份,玉米1~2份,荔枝壳1~2份,核桃壳2~3份,板栗壳3~5份。本发明采用石榴皮、穿心莲、苦参性、核桃壳和板栗壳为组方众药合用,清热解毒、收敛止泻,对仔猪腹泻具有良好的预防和治疗作用;并且荔枝壳、板栗壳粉碎后不同温度加热热解得碳化物,从而使碳化物更好的发挥收敛固涩的作用,增强了止泻的疗效,最终加工成膨化品,改变药物适口性,方便投喂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中兽药技术领域,涉及一种用于治疗仔猪腹泻的中药复方制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
断奶仔猪的腹泻拉稀问题在一些猪场相当普遍,腹泻率较高,最高者可达到70-80%,死亡率达到15-20%,为养猪生产者造成极大的经济损失。因此要给仔猪选择营养全面、消化吸收率高的饲料或药物,使其胃肠道得到锻炼,消化菌群充分建立。
中药富含多种多样的营养成分,生物活性物质也非常丰富,同时具备营养和药物的双重功效,既可预防疾病,又可治疗病症,同时具有天然、毒副作用小、不易产生耐药性和药物残留等特点,不仅可以用于个体治病,而且可以用于群体防治,适应集约化、规模化饲养的需要,并且符合无公害畜牧业、生产绿色畜产品的时代需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于防治仔猪腹泻的中药复方制剂及其制备方法,将食品生产的副产物核桃壳与荔枝壳引入至仔猪腹泻的防治治疗的药物中,对仔猪腹泻具有良好的预防和治疗作用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明提供一种用于防治仔猪腹泻的中药复方制剂,该中药复方制剂由以下重量份的原料制成的膨化品:穿心莲0.5~2份,苦参0.5~2份,石榴皮1~2份,玉米1~2份,荔枝壳1~2份,核桃壳2~3份,板栗壳3~5份。
优选地,该中药复方制剂由以下重量份的原料制成的膨化品:穿心莲0.5份,苦参0.5份,石榴皮1份,玉米2份,荔枝壳1份,核桃壳2份,板栗壳3份。
本发明中药复方制剂的质量控制指标如下:水分含量不高于10%、可溶性纤维含量不低于20%、鞣质不高于5%、苦参碱含量不低于0.1%、穿心莲内酯含量不低于0.06%。
本发明还提供上述用于防治仔猪腹泻的中药复方制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)取处方量的穿心莲、苦参、石榴皮和荔枝壳,混合,粉碎至1cm颗粒物;
2)将处方量的核桃壳粉碎至20目,于400℃热解得碳化物;
3)将处方量的板栗壳粉碎至20目,于150℃热解得碳化物;
4)将步骤1)所得颗粒物及步骤2)和3)中所得碳化物与处方量的玉米混合均匀;
5)将步骤4)的混合物置于谷物膨化机制作成膨化品,即得用于治疗仔猪腹泻的中药复方制剂。
值得说明的是,预防仔猪腹泻时本发明中药复方制剂的用量为0.5g/kg体重,治疗仔猪腹泻时本发明中药复方制剂的用量为1.5g/kg体重。
相比现有技术,本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明组方中君药石榴皮味酸;涩;性温;归大肠经,具有涩肠止泻;止血;驱虫的作用;可用于痢疾;肠风下血;崩漏;带下等。臣药穿心莲性寒,味苦,归心、肺、大肠、膀胱经,其所含主要有效成分具有清热、解毒、凉血、消肿等作用,是临床常用药,多用于感冒发热,咽喉肿痛,口舌生疮,顿咳劳嗽,泄泻痢疾,热淋涩痛,痈肿疮疡等病症。苦参性寒味苦,归心、肝、胃、大肠、膀胱经,具有清热燥湿,杀虫,利尿之功效。用于热痢,便血,黄疸尿闭,赤白带下等。核桃壳、板栗壳碳化后增强收敛之性,使止泻痢、涩精、敛疮止咳作用增强。众药合用,清热解毒、收敛止泻,对仔猪腹泻具有良好的预防和治疗作用。
本发明将食品生产的副产物核桃壳与荔枝壳引入至仔猪腹泻的防治治疗的药物中,原料来源广泛,从而大大降低了生产成本;制备过程中荔枝壳、板栗壳粉碎后经不同温度加热热解得碳化物,从而使碳化物更好的发挥收敛固涩的作用,增强了止泻的疗效;将核桃壳、荔枝壳碳化物与穿心莲、苦参、石榴皮、荔枝壳混合后再膨化加工,改变了药物适口性,方便投喂。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限定本发明的保护范围。若未特别指明,实施例中所用技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。下述实施例中的试验方法,如无特别说明,均为常规方法。
实施例一处方筛选
1.1.试验材料
处方1:穿心莲100g、苦参100g、石榴皮100g、玉米400g、荔枝壳100g、核桃壳100g、板栗壳100g,制备工艺如下:1)取处方量的穿心莲、苦参、石榴皮和荔枝壳,混合,粉碎至1cm颗粒物;2)将处方量的核桃壳粉碎至20目,于400℃热解得碳化物;3)将处方量的板栗壳粉碎至20目,于150℃热解得碳化物;4)将步骤1)所得颗粒物及步骤2)和3)中所得碳化物与处方量的玉米混合均匀;5)将步骤4)的混合物置于谷物膨化机制作成膨化品,即得用于治疗仔猪腹泻的中药复方制剂。
处方2:穿心莲100g、苦参100g、石榴皮100g、玉米400g、荔枝壳100g、核桃壳100g、板栗壳100g,混合粉碎至1cm颗粒物,然后粉碎至80目后再混合。
处方3:穿心莲50g,苦参50g,石榴皮100g,直接粉碎后混合。
处方4:穿心莲50g,苦参50g,石榴皮100g,玉米200g,制备工艺如下:穿心莲、苦参、石榴皮混合粉碎至1cm颗粒物,然后玉米混合均匀后置于谷物膨化机制作成膨化品。
处方5:穿心莲100g,苦参100g,直接粉碎后混合。
处方6:荔枝壳100g,核桃壳200g,板栗壳3份,制备工艺如下:荔枝壳、核桃壳、板栗壳混合后粉碎至1cm颗粒物,然后再粉碎至80目再混合。
1.2.试验方法
对出现仔猪腹泻的猪只按窝属、体重、日龄进行分组治疗,将实验猪只分为8组,第1-6组分别为处方1、2、3、4、5、6组,第7组为抗生素治疗组(庆大霉素),第8组为对照组,给药4天后观察15天,记录观察每天的饮水、采食、排便、运动等是否正常,综合对比各组的治愈率、死亡率。
1.3.试验结果与分析
表1仔猪腹泻中、西治疗实验数据统计表
从表1中可以看出,处方1在仔猪腹泻上的临床效果要明显优于其他中药复方组合物及抗生素治疗组,其平均治愈周期最短、治愈率最高;从处方1和处方2的治疗效果可以看出,将核桃壳、荔枝壳碳化及后与穿心莲、苦参、石榴皮、荔枝壳混合经膨化加工处理的治疗效果优于正常粉碎处理,这是由于核桃壳、荔枝壳碳化膨化后增加了对肠道的收敛固涩作用,从而增加了对仔猪腹泻的治疗效果。
实施例二处方用量筛选
2.1.试验材料
处方8:穿心莲50g,苦参50g,石榴皮100g,玉米200g,荔枝壳100份,核桃壳200g,板栗壳300g;
处方9:穿心莲100g,苦参100g,石榴皮100g,玉米200g,荔枝壳100g,核桃壳200g,板栗壳300g;
处方10:穿心莲50g,苦参50g,石榴皮100g,玉米400g,荔枝壳100g,核桃壳200g,板栗壳300g;
处方11:穿心莲50g,苦参50g,石榴皮300g,玉米200g,荔枝壳100g,核桃壳200g,板栗壳300g。
以上中药复方组合物均按实施例1中的中药复方组合物1的制备工艺制备。
2.2.试验方法
对出现仔猪腹泻的猪只按窝属、体重、日龄进行分组治疗,将实验猪只分为6组,第1-5组分别为处方8~10,第5组为抗生素治疗组(庆大霉素),第6组为对照组,给药4天,后观察15天,记录观察每天的饮水、采食、排便、运动等是否正常,综合对比各组的治愈率、死亡率。
2.3.试验结果与分析
表2不同比例组方对仔猪腹泻治疗实验数据统计表
从表2中可以看出,处方8在仔猪腹泻上的临床效果要明显优于其他中药复方及抗生素,其平均治愈周期最短、治愈率最高;处方9组中猪只采食量较低,可能是由于其中穿心莲、苦参量较大,味道较苦,影响药效发挥;处方10玉米用量较大,膨化成型较好,但药效差于处方9;处方10中石榴皮用量增大,鞣质含量高达10%,止泻作用较好但易引起便秘;综合结果表明处方8无论在制剂成型,还是药效、适口性等方面均由于其他比例组方。
实施例三药效学研究
3.1.试验方法
对出现仔猪腹泻的猪只按窝属、体重、日龄进行分组治疗,将实验猪只分为4组,分别为中药治疗组(处方8)、抗生素治疗组(庆大霉素)、中药配合抗生素治疗组(庆大霉素+处方8)以及对照组,给药4天,后观察15天,记录观察每天的饮水、采食、排便、运动等是否正常,综合对比各组的治愈率、死亡率。
3.2.试验结果与分析
表3仔猪腹泻中、西治疗实验数据统计表
分组处理 | 治疗前仔猪数量,只 | 治愈后仔猪数量,只 | 平均治愈周期 | 治愈率 |
中药复方治疗组 | 57 | 52 | 3.5d | 91.2% |
抗生素治疗组 | 42 | 31 | 4d | 73.8% |
中药复方+抗生素组 | 52 | 49 | 4d | 94.2% |
空白对照 | 28 | 2 | 4d | 7.1% |
从表3可以看出,本发明中药复方在仔猪腹泻上的临床效果要明显优于抗生素治疗组的效果、平均治愈周期更短、治愈率高于抗生素治疗17.3%,稍低于中药复方+抗生素组的效果;中药复方结合抗生素组的治愈率要高于单独抗生素治愈率20.3%;综合数据表明本发明提供的中药复方制剂无论是单独使用还是与抗生素联合使用均能显著提高对仔猪腹泻的治愈率。
以上所述之实施例,只是本发明的较佳实施例而已,仅仅用以解释本发明,并非限制本发明实施范围,对于本技术领域的技术人员来说,当然可根据本说明书中所公开的技术内容,通过置换或改变的方式轻易做出其它的实施方式,故凡在本发明的原理上所作的变化和改进等,均应包括于本发明申请专利范围内。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于防治仔猪腹泻的中药复方制剂,其特征在于,该中药复方制剂由以下重量份的原料制成的膨化品:穿心莲0.5~2份,苦参0.5~2份,石榴皮1~2份,玉米1~2份,荔枝壳1~2份,核桃壳2~3份,板栗壳3~5份;中药复方制剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)取处方量的穿心莲、苦参、石榴皮和荔枝壳,混合,粉碎至1cm颗粒物;
2)将处方量的核桃壳粉碎至20目,于400℃热解得碳化物;
3)将处方量的板栗壳粉碎至20目,于150℃热解得碳化物;
4)将步骤1)所得颗粒物及步骤2)和3)中所得碳化物与处方量的玉米混合均匀;
5)将步骤4)的混合物置于谷物膨化机制作成膨化品,即得用于治疗仔猪腹泻的中药复方制剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述用于防治仔猪腹泻的中药复方制剂,其特征在于,该中药复方制剂由以下重量份的原料制成的膨化品:穿心莲0.5份,苦参0.5份,石榴皮1份,玉米2份,荔枝壳1份,核桃壳2份,板栗壳3份。
3.根据权利要求1所述用于防治仔猪腹泻的中药复方制剂,其特征在于,所述中药复方制剂的质量控制指标如下:水分含量不高于10%、可溶性纤维含量不低于20%、鞣质不高于5%、苦参碱含量不低于0.1%、穿心莲内酯含量不低于0.06%。
4.权利要求1或2所述用于防治仔猪腹泻的中药复方制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)取处方量的穿心莲、苦参、石榴皮和荔枝壳,混合,粉碎至1cm颗粒物;
2)将处方量的核桃壳粉碎至20目,于400℃热解得碳化物;
3)将处方量的板栗壳粉碎至20目,于150℃热解得碳化物;
4)将步骤1)所得颗粒物及步骤2)和3)中所得碳化物与处方量的玉米混合均匀;
5)将步骤4)的混合物置于谷物膨化机制作成膨化品,即得用于治疗仔猪腹泻的中药复方制剂。
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