CN116655513A - 一种高纯度左乙拉西坦的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高纯度左乙拉西坦的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116655513A CN116655513A CN202210147073.8A CN202210147073A CN116655513A CN 116655513 A CN116655513 A CN 116655513A CN 202210147073 A CN202210147073 A CN 202210147073A CN 116655513 A CN116655513 A CN 116655513A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- oxo
- pyrrolidine
- compound
- levetiracetam
- butyramide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- HPHUVLMMVZITSG-ZCFIWIBFSA-N levetiracetam Chemical compound CC[C@H](C(N)=O)N1CCCC1=O HPHUVLMMVZITSG-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 229960004002 levetiracetam Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-SSDOTTSWSA-N (R)-mandelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-SSDOTTSWSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydropyrrole Substances C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- DNSISZSEWVHGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanamide Chemical compound CCCC(N)=O DNSISZSEWVHGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- IODGAONBTQRGGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)butanoic acid Chemical compound CCC(C(O)=O)N1CCCC1=O IODGAONBTQRGGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005915 ammonolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- FKLJPTJMIBLJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Compound IV Chemical compound O1N=C(C)C=C1CCCCCCCOC1=CC=C(C=2OCCN=2)C=C1 FKLJPTJMIBLJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FCSKOFQQCWLGMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-{5-[2-chloro-4-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenoxy]pentyl}-3-methylisoxazole Chemical compound O1N=C(C)C=C1CCCCCOC1=CC=C(C=2OCCN=2)C=C1Cl FCSKOFQQCWLGMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 7
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006340 racemization Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 10
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000001961 anticonvulsive agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 206010010904 Convulsion Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229960003965 antiepileptics Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HTSGKJQDMSTCGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylbutane-1,4-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C(C(=O)C=1C=CC(Cl)=CC=1)CC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 HTSGKJQDMSTCGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 3
- RQEUFEKYXDPUSK-SSDOTTSWSA-N (1R)-1-phenylethanamine Chemical compound C[C@@H](N)C1=CC=CC=C1 RQEUFEKYXDPUSK-SSDOTTSWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IODGAONBTQRGGG-ZCFIWIBFSA-N (2r)-2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)butanoic acid Chemical compound CC[C@H](C(O)=O)N1CCCC1=O IODGAONBTQRGGG-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDIIZULDSLKBKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorobutanoyl chloride Chemical compound ClCCCC(Cl)=O CDIIZULDSLKBKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N L-threonine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010061334 Partial seizures Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(Cl)=O CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HNNJFUDLLWOVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminobutanamide Chemical compound CCC(N)C(N)=O HNNJFUDLLWOVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004506 Blood Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010017384 Blood Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001263 acyl chlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009098 adjuvant therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003556 anti-epileptic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012320 chlorinating reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001037 epileptic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NLFBCYMMUAKCPC-KQQUZDAGSA-N ethyl (e)-3-[3-amino-2-cyano-1-[(e)-3-ethoxy-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]sulfanyl-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]sulfanylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C\SC(=C(C#N)C(N)=O)S\C=C\C(=O)OCC NLFBCYMMUAKCPC-KQQUZDAGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIFGWPKJUGCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl chloroformate Chemical compound CCOC(Cl)=O RIFGWPKJUGCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000171 higher toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-M mandelate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- UKVIEHSSVKSQBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;palladium Chemical compound C.[Pd] UKVIEHSSVKSQBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPNNPZHFJPXFQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;rhodium Chemical compound C.[Rh] RPNNPZHFJPXFQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRQVFVYABBZXFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)butanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(CC)N1CCCC1=O QRQVFVYABBZXFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- RIWRFSMVIUAEBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-1-phenylmethanamine Chemical class CNCC1=CC=CC=C1 RIWRFSMVIUAEBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007935 oral tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940096978 oral tablet Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentachloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002898 threonine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D207/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/24—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D207/26—2-Pyrrolidones
- C07D207/263—2-Pyrrolidones with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/27—2-Pyrrolidones with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B57/00—Separation of optically-active compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/07—Optical isomers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pyrrole Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种高纯度左乙拉西坦(S)‑2‑(2‑氧代‑1‑吡咯烷)丁酰胺的制备。所述高纯度的左乙拉西坦的制备,以2‑(2‑氧代吡咯烷‑1基)丁酸为起始原料,经酯化反应和氨解反应,得到外消旋体左乙拉西坦,最后经R‑扁桃酸拆分,得到高纯度的左乙拉西坦,手性含量99.9%以上,手性异构体含量小于0.05%,氯化物未检出。拆分后回收得到的手性异构体(R)‑2‑(2‑氧代‑1‑吡咯烷)丁酰胺经消旋后可继续用R‑扁桃酸拆分,用于制备左乙拉西坦,总收率可达到90%以上。R‑扁桃酸经回收后,可以反复套用,大大降低拆分剂的单耗。本发反应步骤短,操作简便,收率稳定,显著降低了左乙拉西坦制备的成本,且手性含量非常高,适宜于大规模工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化学药物合成技术领域,涉及一种高纯度左乙拉西坦的合成。
背景技术
左乙拉西坦(Levetiracetam),化学名(S)-2-(2-氧代-1-吡咯烷)丁酰胺,是比利时UBC制药公司开发的一种抗癫痫药物,临床上主要用于成人及4岁以上儿童癫痫患者部分性发作的加用治疗。分子式为:C8H14N2O2,分子量为170.21,其结构式为:
。
左乙拉西坦最初于1999年在欧洲和美国上市,用于治疗成年人部分性癫痫发作。2005年6月份又批准其口服片剂和注射剂上市,主要用于成人及4岁以上儿童癫痫患者部分发作的辅助治疗。2007年3月,左乙拉西坦在中国上市,商品名称为开浦兰。
左乙拉西坦作为一种抗癫痫药物,其与血浆蛋白结合率低,不易产生因与其他药物竞争蛋白结合位点所导致的临床上显著的相互作用。左乙拉西坦在药代动力学上比其他抗癫痫药物更理想,又因其易吸收、生物利用度高、毒副作用小、耐受性好等特点,在目前抗癫痫系列药物中占据着举足轻重的地位。另外,左乙拉西坦也是目前唯一一个能够预防癫痫发作的抗癫痫药物。
关于左乙拉西坦的制备,目前有多种公开报道的合成路径,主要包括化学拆分法、不对成合成法、酶解法以及以氨基丁酰胺为起始原料的合成方法,但这些方法普遍存在整体收率低、对环境污染大、原材料成本高、手性含量低和/或合成步骤长等缺点,导致目前左乙拉西坦售价过高。
原研公司比利时UBC制药公司采用化学拆分法合成左乙拉西坦,以外消旋2-(2-氧代-1-吡咯烷)丁酸为起始原料,在有机溶剂纯苯中,使用R-α-甲基苄胺为拆分剂,进行手性拆分,得到(S)-2-(2-氧代-1-吡咯烷)丁酸的甲基苄胺盐,然后在强碱性条件下解离,与氯甲酸乙酯反应后,再与氨气发生氨解反应生成左乙拉西坦。此方法以纯苯作为拆分溶剂,毒性大,对环境不友好,且拆分后的手性异构体(R)-2-(2-氧代-1-吡咯烷)丁酸作为有机废弃物丢掉,反应步骤长,整体收率比较低。
美国专利(公开号:US20050182262A)公开报道了一种以S-2-氨基丁酸盐酸盐为起始原料,在甲醇溶剂中,与氯化亚砜生成酰氯,然后与甲醇发生酯化反应,得到S-2-氨基丁酸甲酯盐酸盐。S-2-氨基丁酸甲酯盐酸盐在氨水中发生氨解反应得到S-2-氨基丁酰胺盐酸盐,再与4-氯丁酰氯发生缩合反应,最后在氢氧化钾中环合,得到左乙拉西坦。该合成路线整体较长,且使用的氯代剂为氯化亚砜、五氯化磷或草酰氯,都具有较高的毒性或较大的腐蚀性,且对环境污染较大。 中国专利(公开号:CN104860863A)报道了一种以S-2-氨基丁酰胺和4-氯丁酰氯为起始原料,采用“一锅法”制备左乙拉西坦,其实与美国专利(公开号:US20050182262A)所报道的路线一致,不具备创新性。中国专利CN85105301和CN03130585.7报道的合成路线,与美国专利(公开号:US20050182262A)及中国专利中国专利(公开号:CN104860863A)所报道的合成路线也基本一致,只是在合成过程中的具体细节上加以调整和修改。
美国专利(US4696943)公开了一种以α-吡咯烷酮为起始原料的合成路线,先合成左乙拉西坦酸,然后用R-α-苯乙胺进行拆分,得到S型左乙拉西坦酸,然后经酯化、氨解,最后得到左乙拉西坦。此合成路线为早期得到左乙拉西坦的合成工艺,但反应步骤长,整体收率低,且拆分剂回收套用难度较大,拆分剂成本较高,不适宜大规模工业化生产。
中文文献(杨燕等,抗癫痫药左乙拉西坦的工艺优化新方法,华东理工大学学报(自然科学版),2013,39(3):307)公开报道了一种以S-α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸为起始原料,采用“一锅法”制备左乙拉西坦的方法。该合成路线较短,整体收率较高,但起始原料S-α-乙基氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸价格较高,不易购买,且该合成方法得到的左乙拉西坦中已知杂质S-α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸不能够达到药典0.05%的杂质限度要求,需要多次纯化。
中国专利(公开号:CN101550100A)公开报道了一种以L-苏氨酸为起始原料,经酯化、氯代、催化还原、氨解和环合反应制备左乙拉西坦的制备工艺。该工艺合成路线较长,氯代反应所使用的的氯化亚砜具有较高的腐蚀性和催泪性,对环境污染较大,且还原反应所使用的钯碳、铑炭等金属催化剂价格非常昂贵,大大提升了整体成本。
目前公开已知的左乙拉西坦合成工艺中,普遍存在着成本较高、合成路线长、整体收率较低、对环境污染大和/或杂质超限等缺点,急需一种新的合成工艺路线,解决上述存在的诸多问题。
发明内容
本发明针对上述现有合成工艺中存在的诸多问题,提供了一种高纯度左乙拉西坦合成的全新工艺。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下的合成技术方案:
一种以2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1基)丁酸(化合物Ⅱ)为起始原料,制备高纯度抗疗癫痫药物左乙拉西坦,该方法包括如下步骤:
步骤一:将2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1基)丁酸(化合物Ⅱ)加入到醇中,再加入浓硫酸催化,发生酯化反应,得到化合物Ⅲ,然后通入氨气进行氨解反应,得到外消旋体左乙拉西坦(化合物Ⅳ),化学反应式如下:
。
步骤二:将上一步制备得到的外消旋体左乙拉西坦(化合物Ⅳ)加入到氯仿中,溶解完全,然后加入R-扁桃酸(化合物Ⅴ),升温反应,冷却析晶,过滤,可得到(S)-2-(2-氧代-1-吡咯烷)丁酰胺的R-扁桃酸盐(化合物Ⅵ),滤液回收(R)-2-(2-氧代-1-吡咯烷)丁酰胺(右乙拉西坦,化合物Ⅶ),经消旋后可继续用R-扁桃酸进行拆分,制备左乙拉西坦,化学反应式如下:
。
步骤三: 将(S)-2-(2-氧代-1-吡咯烷)丁酰胺的R-扁桃酸盐(化合物Ⅵ)加入氯仿中溶解,然后加入氢氧化钾固体解离,过滤,滤饼回收R-扁桃酸,滤液减压蒸干氯仿,然后加入丙酮析晶,即可得到高纯度的(S)-2-(2-氧代-1-吡咯烷)丁酰胺(左乙拉西坦),手性含量>99.9%,氯化物未检出,化学反应式如下:
。
所述步骤一中,化合物Ⅱ在甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇中,羧酸与醇羟基在浓硫酸催化作用下发生酯化反应生成对应的酯,此处所用的醇优选甲醇,反应温度在20-40℃,优选28-32℃。
所述步骤二中,化合物Ⅳ与化合物Ⅴ成盐拆分所用的溶剂为氯仿、二氯乙烷、二氯甲烷中的一种或者多种按任意比的混合,优选氯仿。化合物Ⅳ与氯仿的重量比为1:8~15,优选1:10。化合物Ⅳ与化合物Ⅴ的摩尔比为1:0.4-0.6,优选1:0.5。拆分得到左乙拉西坦的扁桃酸盐,其母液浓缩干后,回收得到(R)-2-(2-氧代-1-吡咯烷)丁酰胺(化合物Ⅶ),在乙酸乙酯和盐酸中消旋,得到化合物Ⅳ,可继续用R-扁桃酸拆分得到左乙拉西坦。
所述步骤三中,化合物Ⅵ的解离溶剂,可以是氯仿、二氯乙烷、二氯甲烷等氯代烃或它们的任意组合,优选氯仿。解离所用的碱可以是氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钾等,优选氢氧化钾。解离后,先过滤回收R-扁桃酸,可以继续用于化合物Ⅳ的拆分,以制备左乙拉西坦。滤液浓缩干后,加入丙酮析晶,即可得到高纯度左乙拉西坦。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明进行进一步说明,但并非用以限定本发明。
实施例1 化合物Ⅳ制备
于3000ml三口瓶中加入1500g甲醇、20g浓硫酸和100g2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1基)丁酸,控温30℃±2℃搅拌反应8小时,液相检测2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1基)丁酸残留小于0.3%,停止反应,得到2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1基)丁酸甲酯。然后将反应体系降温至0-5℃,通入氨气3小时,液相检测2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1基)丁酸甲酯残留<0.2%,停止通氨。控制水浴温度30-35℃,减压蒸馏,回收甲醇,残留物即为化合物Ⅳ,干重约96.5g,收率97.1%。
实施例2 化合物Ⅳ制备
于3000ml三口瓶中加入1500g乙醇、20g浓硫酸和100g2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1基)丁酸,控温30℃±2℃搅拌反应8小时,液相检测2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1基)丁酸残留小于0.3%,停止反应,得到2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1基)丁酸乙酯。然后将反应体系降温至0-5℃,通入氨气3小时,液相检测2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1基)丁酸乙酯残留<0.2%,停止通氨。控制水浴温度30-35℃,减压蒸馏,回收甲醇,残留物即为化合物Ⅳ,干重约95.8g,收率96.4%。
实施例3 化合物Ⅵ制备
于1000ml三口瓶中加入50g2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1基)丁酰胺和500g氯仿,升温至50℃左右,2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1基)丁酰胺溶解完全,加入22gR-扁桃酸,继续控温50℃左右搅拌2小时,然后缓慢降温,用时2小时左右温度降至℃以下,控温0-5℃析晶4小时,过滤,滤饼40℃减压干燥5小时,得到化合物Ⅵ干品45g,收率47.8%。
实施例4 化合物Ⅵ制备制备
于1000ml三口瓶中加入80g2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1基)丁酰胺和720g二氯乙烷,升温至60℃左右,2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1基)丁酰胺溶解完全,加入35.2gR-扁桃酸,继续控温60℃左右搅拌2小时,然后缓慢降温,用时2小时左右温度降至5℃以下,控温0-5℃析晶4小时,过滤,滤饼40℃减压干燥5小时,得到化合物Ⅵ干品71.5g,收率47.5%。
实施例5 化合物Ⅳ回收
将左乙拉西坦R-扁桃酸盐制备时的氯仿母液500g,控温40℃减压蒸干,回收氯仿,残留物即为(R)-2-(2-氧代-1-吡咯烷)丁酰胺(化合物Ⅶ)。向残留物中加入300g乙酸乙酯和30g盐酸,控温25℃搅拌反应24小时,加入450g水,用饱和碳酸钠调pH注6.5-7,分层,水层弃去,乙酸乙酯层减压浓缩至干,残留物即为回收的化合物Ⅳ,可直接用R-扁桃酸拆分,用于制备左乙拉西坦。
实施例6 化合物Ⅵ制备
于1000ml三口瓶中加入50g回收消旋的2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1基)丁酰胺(化合物Ⅳ)和500g氯仿,升温至50℃左右,2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1基)丁酰胺溶解完全,加入22g回收的R-扁桃酸,继续控温50℃左右搅拌2小时,然后缓慢降温,用时2小时左右温度降至5℃以下,控温0-5℃析晶4小时,过滤,滤饼40℃减压干燥5小时,得到化合物Ⅵ干品44.5g,收率47.3%。
实施例7 化合物Ⅵ制备
于1000ml三口瓶中加入80g回收消旋的2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1基)丁酰胺(化合物Ⅳ)和720g二氯乙烷,升温至60℃左右,2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1基)丁酰胺溶解完全,加入35.2g回收的R-扁桃酸,继续控温60℃左右搅拌2小时,然后缓慢降温,用时2小时左右温度降至5℃以下,控温0-5℃析晶4小时,过滤,滤饼40℃减压干燥5小时,得到化合物Ⅵ干品70.8g,收率47.0%。
实施例8 化合物Ⅰ制备
于2000ml三口瓶中1000g氯仿和100g左乙拉西坦的R-扁桃酸盐(化合物Ⅵ),25℃左右搅拌溶解,然后加入16g氢氧化钾,控温25℃搅拌1小时,有固体缓慢析出,过滤,不溶物即为回收R-扁桃酸,滤液30℃减压蒸干,回收氯仿,残留物中加入400g丙酮,降温至0-5℃,析晶2小时,过滤,滤饼即为左乙拉西坦,50℃减压干燥4小时,得到化合物Ⅰ干品51.5g,收率97%,手性含量99.92%,氯化物未检出。
实施例9 化合物Ⅰ制备
于2000ml三口瓶中1200g二氯乙烷和100g左乙拉西坦的R-扁桃酸盐(化合物Ⅵ),25℃左右搅拌溶解,然后加入16g氢氧化钾,控温25℃搅拌1小时,有固体缓慢析出,过滤,不溶物即为回收R-扁桃酸,滤液30℃减压蒸干,回收二氯乙烷,残留物中加入400g丙酮,降温至0-5℃析晶2小时,过滤,滤饼即为左乙拉西坦,50℃减压干燥4小时,得到化合物Ⅰ干品51g,收率96.1%,手性含量99.95%,氯化物未检出。
实施例10 化合物Ⅰ制备
于2000ml三口瓶中1000g氯仿和100g左乙拉西坦的R-扁桃酸盐(化合物Ⅵ),25℃左右搅拌溶解,然后加入11.5g氢氧化钠,控温25℃搅拌1小时,有固体缓慢析出,过滤,不溶物即为回收R-扁桃酸,滤液30℃减压蒸干,回收氯仿,残留物中加入400g丙酮,降温至0-5℃析晶2小时,过滤,滤饼即为左乙拉西坦,50℃减压干燥4小时,得到化合物Ⅰ干品51.2g,收率96.4%,手性含量99.93%,氯化物未检出。
实施例11 化合物Ⅰ制备
于2000ml三口瓶中1200g二氯乙烷和100g左乙拉西坦的R-扁桃酸盐(化合物Ⅵ),25℃左右搅拌溶解,然后加入11.4g氢氧化钠,控温25℃搅拌1小时,有固体缓慢析出,过滤,不溶物即为回收R-扁桃酸,滤液30℃减压蒸干,回收二氯乙烷,残留物中加入400g丙酮,降温至0-5℃析晶2小时,过滤,滤饼即为左乙拉西坦,50℃减压干燥4小时,得到左乙拉西坦干品50.5g,收率95.1%,手性含量99.96%,氯化物未检出。
Claims (9)
1.一种高纯度左乙拉西坦(S)-2-(2-氧代-1-吡咯烷)丁酰胺(Ⅰ)的制
备,其特征在于目标化合物由以下路线制备:
;
其合成步骤如下:
1)2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1基)丁酸(Ⅱ)在甲醇溶剂中,在浓硫酸催化作用下
发生酯化反应,得到2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1基)丁酸甲酯(Ⅲ);
2)2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1基)丁酸甲酯(Ⅲ)在甲醇溶剂中,通入氨气,发生氨解反应,得到消旋体2-(2-氧代-1-吡咯烷)丁酰胺(Ⅳ);
3)消旋体2-(2-氧代-1-吡咯烷)丁酰胺(Ⅳ)在氯代烷烃中,加入拆分剂R-扁桃酸(Ⅴ)拆分成盐,得到(S)-2-(2-氧代-1-吡咯烷)丁酰胺的R-扁桃酸盐(Ⅵ);
4)(S)-2-(2-氧代-1-吡咯烷)丁酰胺的R-扁桃酸盐(Ⅵ)在氯仿溶剂中,加入氢氧化钾,解离得到高纯度左乙拉西坦(S)-2-(2-氧代-1-吡咯烷)丁酰胺(Ⅰ)。
2.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于:制备步骤1)中,所用的溶剂可以是甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇。
3.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于:制备步骤2)中,氨解反应结束后,蒸干溶剂,加入氯仿,直接进行下一步反应。
4.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于:制备步骤2)中,化合物Ⅳ与氯仿的重量比为1:8-15。
5.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于:制备步骤3)中,化合物Ⅳ与化合物Ⅴ的重量比为1:0.4-0.6;所用溶剂为氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷中的一种或者多种按任意比的混合。
6.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于:制备步骤4)中,化合物Ⅵ的解离,所用溶剂为氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷中的一种或者多种按任意比的混合。
7.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于:制备步骤4)中,解离所用的碱为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钾、碳酸钠。
8.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于:制备步骤3)中,拆分后回收的(R)-2-(2-氧代-1-吡咯烷)丁酰胺(化合物Ⅶ),在乙酸乙酯溶剂中,在盐酸作用下可以消旋,得到化合物Ⅳ,可进行重新拆分制备化合物Ⅰ。
9.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于,制备步骤4)中,化合物Ⅵ解离后,回收的化合物Ⅴ,可继续用于拆分制备Ⅵ。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202210147073.8A CN116655513A (zh) | 2022-02-17 | 2022-02-17 | 一种高纯度左乙拉西坦的制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202210147073.8A CN116655513A (zh) | 2022-02-17 | 2022-02-17 | 一种高纯度左乙拉西坦的制备方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN116655513A true CN116655513A (zh) | 2023-08-29 |
Family
ID=87712303
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202210147073.8A Pending CN116655513A (zh) | 2022-02-17 | 2022-02-17 | 一种高纯度左乙拉西坦的制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN116655513A (zh) |
-
2022
- 2022-02-17 CN CN202210147073.8A patent/CN116655513A/zh active Pending
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5399707A (en) | Selective precipitation of α-aryl carboxylic acid salts | |
CA2701421A1 (en) | Production of monatin enantiomers | |
US20110207928A1 (en) | Purification method for adefovir dipivoxil | |
CN115073312B (zh) | 一种重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素合成方法 | |
CN113121416A (zh) | 一种雷芬那辛的制备方法 | |
CN100591649C (zh) | R-(+)-3-氯苯丙醇的制备方法 | |
EP2914574B1 (en) | New process | |
JPH0674243B2 (ja) | 光学純度の高い光学活性アテノロール塩及びアテノロールの製法 | |
CN116655513A (zh) | 一种高纯度左乙拉西坦的制备方法 | |
CN115197178B (zh) | 一种布立西坦关键中间体的合成方法 | |
CN101492382A (zh) | 一种制备左乙拉西坦中间体s-(+)-2-氨基丁酸酯盐酸盐的新方法 | |
EP1187805B1 (en) | Process for preparing r-(-)-carnitine from s-(-)-chlorosuccinic acid or from a derivative thereof | |
WO2008138874A1 (en) | Process for preparing (s)-pregabalin by optical resolution of racemic pregabalin | |
CN108409731B (zh) | 芳基取代的1H-吡啶[3,4-b]吲哚-3-羧酸甲酯的手性拆分 | |
CN101973909A (zh) | 一种米屈肼的制备方法 | |
US4716246A (en) | Process for L-dopa | |
JPH09118646A (ja) | 光学活性2−ヒドロキシ−4−アリール酪酸またはそのエステルの製造方法 | |
EP0623107A1 (en) | PREPARATION OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE ALIPHATIC CARBOXYLIC ACIDS. | |
CN104860863B (zh) | 左乙拉西坦和含其的药物组合物 | |
CN108409561B (zh) | 一种5-氨基酮戊酸盐酸盐及中间体的制备方法 | |
Noda et al. | A new simple preparation of d-alloisoleucine suitable for large-scale manufacture | |
JP3888402B2 (ja) | 光学活性N−カルボベンゾキシ−tert−ロイシンの製造法 | |
CN104817476B (zh) | 一种制备非天然氨基酸的方法 | |
CN110790708B (zh) | 一种艾利西平中间体的制备方法 | |
CN102093254A (zh) | 一种二水合3-(2,2,2-三甲基肼)丙酸盐的制备方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |