CN116590291A - 一种烟草烟碱合成相关环状rna nrc1及其应用 - Google Patents
一种烟草烟碱合成相关环状rna nrc1及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种烟草烟碱合成相关环状RNA NRC1及其应用。本发明的烟草烟碱合成相关环状RNA NRC1的基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO1所示。本发明通过病毒诱导的基因沉默的技术,抑制环状RNA NRC1的表达,成功构建环状RNA NRC1的转基因沉默植株。经检测证明,环状RNA NRC1的转基因沉默植株中烟碱以及多种生物碱含量明显降低,说明环状RNA NRC1与烟草中烟碱生物合成密切相关,为培育新的低烟碱的植物新品种奠定基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种烟草烟碱合成相关环状RNA NRC1及其应用,属于烟草基因工程技术领域。
背景技术
烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)是重要的经济作物,也是自然界生物量最大的植物之一,具有极大的挖掘利用潜力。然而,烟草中的高烟碱含量在相当程度上限制了烟草的多用途开发利用。烟碱是普遍存在于烟草中的一类生物碱,其含量占烟草中总生物碱的95%以上。烟碱由鸟氨酸和精氨酸在根中合成,然后在叶片中积累。在过去的几十年里,许多与烟碱生物合成相关的基因已经被识别出来,包括两个转录因子家族:APETALA2(AP2)/乙烯响应因子(ERF)和MYC2-like basic helix-Loop-helix(bHLH)。进一步的研究表明,MYC2a/b可以与NtJAZ1形成核复合体,调节茉莉酸诱导的烟碱合成通路。最近的一项研究发现,另一个转录因子NtMYB305a可以与NtPMT1a的茉莉酸响应GAG区域结合,进而作为启动子调节烟碱的生物合成。此外,一些miRNAs也可以调节烟碱的生物合成。研究表明烟草miRNA nta-eTMX27可以调控QPT2基因,进而影响烟草中的烟碱含量,从而验证了miRNA在烟碱生物合成中的作用。
circRNA是新发现的一种非编码RNA,是继miRNA、lincRNA及piRNA后非编码RNA家族的新成员之一。由于环状RNA缺少5'-帽子端及3'-polyA尾巴,且呈闭合环状结构,使其能够耐受核酸外切酶的降解,因此具有高度保守性。近年来,大量研究表明:环状RNA可以通过吸附相应的小RNA调节其下游基因的表达;另外环状RNA还能与RNA结合蛋白相结合参与基因的转录及转录后调控。同时,环状RNA的环状结构大大提高了其稳定性,且存在组织及疾病特异性,因此越来越多研究认为环状RNA可作为疾病潜在的生物学标志物。
相比之下,植物中环状RNA的研究,特别是其机制的研究还处于起步阶段。研究发现和动物circRNA相比,植物circRNA有着一些独特特征,包括在应激反应中的功能、表达模式的变化和新的生物发生过程。circRNA是植物中重要的调控因子之一,参与植物的许多生物过程,包括胁迫反应、表达模式的变化等。然而,关于植物circRNA的机制研究仍然非常罕见,它们可能在产生和功能上都具有一些特殊的特性。目前,circRNA作为一种特殊的调控分子,其是否参与烟碱等次生代谢产物的合成却鲜有报道。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明的第一个目的是提供一种烟草烟碱合成相关环状RNANRC1,通过实验证明环状RNA NRC1与烟草烟碱及多种生物碱的生物合成高度相关。
本发明的第二个目的是提供烟草烟碱合成相关环状RNA NRC1在获得低烟碱烟草品种中的应用,通过病毒诱导的基因沉默技术,构建环状RNA NRC1沉默的烟草植株,经检测烟碱以及多种生物碱含量明显降低。
为了实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种烟草烟碱合成相关环状RNA NRC1,所述环状RNA NRC1的基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO1所示。
本发明通过circRNA-Seq测序首次鉴定出环状RNA NRC1,通过抑制其表达,降低烟草中烟碱的含量,对于培育低烟碱含量的烟草品种具有重要意义。
具体地,所述环状RNA NRC1的结构由如SEQ ID NO1所示的核苷酸序列转录后形成的首尾相连的封闭环状RNA结构。
一种烟草烟碱合成相关环状RNA NRC1在获得低烟碱烟草品种中的应用,通过抑制环状RNA NRC1的表达,降低烟草中的烟碱,获得低烟碱烟草品种。
本发明通过病毒诱导的基因沉默技术,成功构建环状RNA NRC1沉默的烟草植株,通过检测证明环状RNA NRC1沉默后,烟草植株中烟碱及多种生物碱的含量显著降低,为培育新的低烟碱的植物新品种奠定基础。
优选地,所述抑制环状RNA NRC1的表达是构建沉默NRC1的病毒诱导的基因沉默载体,对烟草环状RNA NRC1进行沉默。
进一步优选地,病毒诱导的基因沉默载体的构建方法如下:将PCR扩增获得的引导序列与TRV载体连接,筛选、测序鉴定。
病毒诱导的基因沉默的作用机制与另一种常用的基因沉默技术——RNA干扰(RNAi)相比,具有快速、高效、通量高等优点。
进一步优选地,所述PCR扩增的引物序列为:
NRC1-F:5’-TCGACGACAAGACCCTGCAGGAGATGTGACTTGTAAGGCGACGAT-3’;NRC1-R:5’-TGAGGAGAAGAGCCCTGCAGGGCTAAGACCAGACCTAAATTCCC-3’。
优选地,所述低烟碱的烟草品种通过以下方法获得:将病毒诱导的基因沉默载体转化农杆菌作为侵染液,再转化烟草,最后筛选鉴定,进而获得烟碱含量下降的烟草品种。
本发明通过real-time PCR检测,发现烟草环状RNA NRC1在烟草各个组织中都表达,且在烟草叶、花和根中表达相对较高。为进一步确认该环状RNA的功能,通过病毒诱导的基因沉默(VIGS)的技术,构建了沉默NRC1的VIGS载体,转化后成功获得了抑制NRC1表达的转基因沉默植株。检测结果表明,相比对照植株,转基因沉默植株中叶片烟碱以及多种生物碱含量明显降低,降低了至少30%,说明环状RNA NRC1与烟草烟碱的生物合成高度相关,为培育新的低烟碱的植物新品种奠定基础。
附图说明
图1为本发明实验例1、2中环状RNA NRC1的鉴定和验证(a.PCR扩增结果,设计Convergent引物和Divergent引物分别从栽培烟草红花大金元叶片和花的cDNA和基因组DNA扩增circRNA NRC1线性序列和接头处环状序列的结果;b.Sanger测序结果,红色箭头表示首尾节点处序列;c.circRNA NRC1在组织叶、根、茎、花、和芽中qRT-PCR结果,1和2分别表示2个不同的采样时期,1代表打顶前,2代表打顶后,蓝色表示不加RNase R外切酶,红色表示加入RNAse R外切酶);
图2为本发明实验例3中野生型和NRC1沉默植株根中NRC1表达值以及多种生物碱含量(红色表示野生型,蓝色表示NRC1沉默植株);
图3为本发明实验例3中野生型和NRC1沉默植株叶中NRC1表达值以及多种生物碱含量(红色表示野生型,蓝色表示NRC1沉默植株)。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明。除特殊说明之外,各实施例、实验例及对比例中所用的设备和试剂均可从商业途径得到。
生物材料:
烟草材料:本氏烟草(Nicotiana benthamiana),一种商品化烟草品种;
骨架载体:TRV,购自中国质粒载体菌细胞基因保藏中心;
基因测序及引物合成,由上海生工提供完成。
实验试剂:
LA Taq酶、PstI限制性内切酶,质粒提取试剂盒、胶回收试剂盒和In-Fusion一步法克隆试剂盒,购自Takara公司;RNA提取试剂盒,购自于GeneAnswer公司;反转录试剂盒、RT-PCR试剂盒,购自全式金生物公司;circRNA反转录试剂盒、circRNA qRT-PCR试剂盒,购自吉塞生物公司;蛋白胨、酵母提取物等,购自Oxoid公司。
部分试剂配方及配制方法简要说明如下:
LB液体培养基(1L):10g细菌蛋白胨(bacteriological peptone),10g氯化钠(NaCl),5g酵母抽提物(yeast extract),高温高压灭菌;
1M 2-(N-吗啉)乙磺酸(MES)储备液:ddH2O溶解MES,过滤灭菌,-20℃储存备用;
200mM乙酰丁香酮(Acetosyringone)储备液:二甲基亚砜(DSMO)溶解乙酰丁香酮,-20℃储存备用;
MMA重悬液(1L):10mmol/L 2-N-吗琳基乙磺酸(MES)、200μl/L乙酰丁香酮(Acetosyringone,As)和10mmol/L的MgCl2的混合溶液,pH=5.8。
实验仪器:
PCR仪Tgradient,Biometra公司产品;实时定量PCR仪LightCycler 96,Roche公司产品。
一种烟草烟碱合成相关环状RNA NRC1的实施例1
本实施例中的烟草烟碱合成相关环状RNA NRC1的基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ IDNO1所示。所述环状RNA NRC1的结构由如SEQ ID NO1所示的核苷酸序列转录后形成的首尾相连的封闭环状RNA结构。
烟草烟碱合成相关环状RNA NRC1在获得低烟碱烟草品种中的应用的实施例1
本实施例中通过抑制烟草中环状RNA NRC1的表达,进而获得烟碱含量显著降低的低烟碱烟草品种。
实验例1环状RNA NRC1的鉴定
发明人通过对烟草样品进行circRNA-Seq测序,分析鉴定出在烟草中未知的环状RNA NRC1。具体的鉴定过程如下:
本实验采用栽培烟草红花大金元作为实验材料(在中国山东青岛种植)。在三个不同的发育阶段(成熟期、打顶前24小时和打顶后24小时),采集叶、根、茎和腋芽4个组织。花组织取的是打顶前24小时。每个样品收集三个独立的重复。样品收集后,立即将样品冷冻在液氮中,并在-80℃下储存。然后按照常规的方法提取样品的RNA,进行circRNA测序。
circRNA-Seq测序使用诺禾致源的Illumina HiSeq 2500平台,按照标准双端读取。具体地说,使用线性降解酶,以便检测非聚腺苷酸化的环状RNA。
使用Trimmomatic(v0.30)从原始测序reads中过滤含有适配器或poly-N的reads和低质量reads,在全基因组范围内识别环状RNA。过滤后的reads比对到烟草参考基因组,生成序列比对文件。然后使用CIRCexplorer2、CIRI2和find_circ识别circRNA。根据其在基因组上的位置信息,将环状RNA进一步分为“基因内环状RNA”、“与基因位置有重叠的环状RNA”和“基因间环状RNA”三种类型。使用CIRIquant对circRNA进行定量。利用tspex工具进行组织特异性表达circRNA鉴定,参数基于roku_specificity。以P≤0.05和倍数≥2作为鉴别差异表达circRNA的标准。
根据circRNA-Seq测序结果可知,NRC1位于烟草基因组染色体Nitab4.5_0000742上,开始位置是51201,结束位置是52399,在首尾处成环,如图1所示。
实验例2环状RNA NRC1成环及表达特异性的验证
结合实验例1的烟草circRNA-Seq测序结果,利用相关软件的初步预测分析,发明人初步获得了环状RNA NRC1的信息,通过PCR扩增、Sanger测序及RNA提取/RNase R外切酶消化和qRT-PCR三种方法对RNA NRC1进行验证。具体的验证过程如下:
1、PCR扩增及Sanger测序
以栽培烟草红花大金元叶片/根为样品,利用RNA提取试剂盒提取烟草叶片总RNA,直接反转录成cDNA进行PCR及Sanger测序。
设计Convergent引物和Divergent引物用于环状RNA NRC1成环验证。其中,Convergent引物(收敛引物为线性引物)作为参照,不管是线性RNA还是环状RNA均可扩增,而Divergent引物(发散引物为线性引物相反的方向)只有环状RNA可以被扩增出来。
设计扩增引物序列如下:
Convergent引物:
C-X-742-F:ACCAAGAATACAAGAGTGGAGTCAT(SEQ ID NO2所示);
C-X-742-R:GAATCGTCGCCTTACAAGTCAC(SEQ ID NO3所示)。
Divergent引物:
CH-742-F:TGGTATGTAAATGATGGTGATAAAGTTC(SEQ ID NO4所示);
CH-742-R:CTCTAATGACTCCACTCTTGTATTCTTG(SEQ ID NO5所示)。
收敛引物作为线性转录本的阳性对照,发散引物用于检测候选环形模板。
以上述所制备cDNA为模板,利用上述引物进行PCR扩增。PCR扩增,20ng cDNA或基因组DNA使用2×Phanta Master Mix(Vazyme Biotech)。
PCR反应体系:cDNA/DNA模板3μL,上游引物2.5μL,下游引物2.5μL,2×Taq HighFidelity PCR StarMix(全式金)25μL,加ddH2O补至50μL。线性RNA扩增反应条件为95℃5min;94℃30s,55℃30s,72℃35s,35个循环;72℃10min,4℃保温。环状RNA扩增反应条件为95℃5min;94℃30s,55℃30s,72℃35s,40个循环;72℃10min,4℃保温。
PCR结束后进行1.2%凝胶电泳,结果如图1所示。由图1a中可以看出,线性序列在cDNA和gDNA下面均存在条带,而环状序列只在cDNA结果存在,从而说明该环状RNA是转录后的产物。
从凝胶中分离出预期长度116bp的环状RNA PCR产物,并使用GeneJET凝胶提取试剂盒(Invitrogen)进行纯化。纯化的PCR产物在生工生物或青岛生物科技有限公司进行Sanger测序,结果如图1所示。由图1b中可以看出,NRC1的接头成环序列真实存在,从而说明NRC1真实存在。
2、Real-time PCR
为了进一步了解NRC1在不同组织中的表达特异性,以栽培烟草红花大金元旺长期的叶/根/茎/芽/花和打顶后的叶/根/茎/芽等器官为样品,利用RNA提取试剂盒提取烟草叶片总RNA,其中一部分直接进行常规反转录,另一部分用RNase R外切酶消化处理后反转录为cDNA进行Real-time PCR。
设计qRT-PCR的circRNA收敛特异性引物为:
CH-742-6F:TCAGGTGGAGTGGTATGTAAATGATGGTGATA(SEQ ID NO6所示);
CH-742-6R:TAAATTCCCAGCATCTTCAGAGAGTGCAAGTT(SEQ ID NO7所示)。
Real-time PCR的反应体系和反应条件为:加cDNA(RNase R处理或不加处理)3ul,上游引物1μL,下游引物1μL,2×Taq High Fidelity PCR StarMix(全式金)10μL,加ddH2O补至20μL。线性RNA扩增反应条件为95℃5min;94℃30s,55℃30s,72℃35s,35个循环;72℃10min,4℃保温。环状RNA扩增反应条件为95℃5min;94℃30s,55℃30s,72℃35s,40个循环;72℃10min,4℃保温。
Real-time PCR结果如图1所示,由图1c中可以看出,NRC1在烟草的各个组织中都有表达,但在烟草叶、花和根部中的表达量最高。
实验例3环状RNA NRC1功能验证
本实验例为确定环状RNA NRC1在烟草中的功能,选择NRC1的部分成环核酸片段(核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO8所示)作为引导序列,构建了沉默NRC1用的瞬时沉默用VIGS载体,并进一步转化烟草植株构建了转基因沉默植株。具体实验过程如下:
1、瞬时沉默用VIGS载体的构建
首先,设计PCR扩增用引物序列如下:
NRC1-F:5’-TCGACGACAAGACCCTGCAGGAGATGTGACTTGTAAGGCGACGAT-3’(SEQ ID NO9所示);
NRC1-R:5’-TGAGGAGAAGAGCCCTGCAGGGCTAAGACCAGACCTAAATTCCC-3’(SEQ ID NO10所示)。
用上述引物序列进行PCR扩增(扩增长度:451bp)获得VIGS的引导序列。
PCR反应体系:cDNA模板3μL,上游引物2.5μL,下游引物2.5μL,2×Taq HighFidelity PCR StarMix(全式金)25μL,加ddH2O补至50μL。反应条件为95℃5min;94℃30s,55℃30s,72℃30s,40个循环;72℃10min,4℃保温。
利用In-Fusion的法,将上述扩增的引导序列与TRV载体(50℃连接15min)连接、转化、筛选、测序验证构建获得连接正确的TRV2-NRC1载体。
2、农杆菌转化
采用冻融法,将TRV2-NRC1载体转化农杆菌GV3101后,挑取阳性单克隆菌落,液体培养后,利用菌液PCR方法验证确保目的片段转化正确,并将转化正确的菌液保存备用。
需要说明的是,作为对照,同样操作方式条件下,分别将TRV1、TRV2、TRV2-PDS(阳性对照)转化了农杆菌GV3101并制备了对照用转染菌液。
3、转染液的制备
将步骤(2)中所制备的含有TRV1、TRV2、TRV2-PDS(阳性对照)、TRV2-NRC1的农杆菌单菌落分别接入YEB(5mL)培养基中(卡那霉素,50μg/mL),28℃、250r/min过夜振荡培养约48h。将培养液转接至50mL的YEB中,28℃过夜振荡培养;4000r/min离心8min收集农杆菌到50mL离心管中,并用含有10mmol/L 2-N-吗琳基乙磺酸(MES)、20μl/L乙酰丁香酮(Acetosyringone,As)和10mmol/L的MgCl2的混合溶液将上述菌液的OD值调至1.0左右。
在含有TRV2、TRV2-PDS、TRV2-NRC1的农杆菌的MMA悬浮液中等体积加入含TRV1农杆菌的MMA悬浮液混匀,室温放置3~6h作为转染液。
4、烟草环状RNA NRC1沉默株制备及检测
将烟草种子(本氏烟草)播种于育苗钵中育苗,待发芽后两周进行分苗,种于塑料钵(10cm×10cm)中,于22℃、16h光/8h暗条件下进行日常肥水管理等,生长4~5w,选取长势一致12盆烟草幼苗作为转化体。
转化接种时挑选长势一致的约4~5片叶子,用1mL无针头无菌注射器通过压滤法把含有不同TRV重组质粒的农杆菌悬浮液从叶片背面压入全部展开的叶片中,使菌液充满整个叶片,于22℃、75%湿度条件下进行培养。
其中,含TRV2-NRC1、TRV2-PDS阳性对照和TRV2空载体的各注射植株接种6盆。
接种2周后,通过Real-time PCR检测各处理组植株中环状RNA NRC1的表达量,具体方法同之前一样,不同之处是提取组织总RNA后,反转录时使用环状RNA反转录试剂盒(吉塞生物),同时使用环状RNA定量酶(吉塞生物)进行Real-timePCR检测。使用UHPLC-HESI-MS/MS分析各样品植株中烟碱和其它生物碱含量。
烟碱和其它生物碱含量的检测,具体参考如下方法进行:
将冷冻干燥的烟草组织磨成均匀的粉末,并在-80℃保存。在每个样品0.3g烟粉中加入2.5mL 5%氢氧化钠溶液,15min后加入20mL 0.01%三乙胺/甲基叔丁基醚溶液,室温超声提取15min;然后6000rpm离心5min后制备2mL有机相用于GC-MS检测。使用UHPLC-HESI-MS/MS分析所有样品的烟碱、其它生物碱的含量。
对沉默植株根、叶中环状RNA NRC1表达量、烟碱和生物碱检测结果如图2和图3所示。
由图2A和3A中可以看出,沉默植株叶和根中环状RNA NRC1表达量均显著降低,表明NRC1成功被沉默,转基因沉默株构建成功。
由图2B-F中可以看出,转基因沉默植株根中多种生物碱的含量明显下降:阿魏酰腐胺降低了75%、对香豆酰酪胺降低了63%、麦思明降低了33%、2,3'-联吡啶降低了25%、烟碱降低了5%。
由图3B-F中可以看出,转基因沉默植株叶中烟碱和生物碱的含量均显著下降:阿魏酰腐胺、对香豆酰酪胺、麦思明降、2,3'-联吡啶均降低了90%以上,烟碱降低了35%。
综上所述,本发明通过对烟草进行circRNA-Seq测序,分鉴定出未知环状RNANRC1,通过验证证明其主要在烟草叶、花和根部中表达,且通过设计的分散引物和发散引物证明NRC1确实为环状RNA。进一步验证其生物学功能,构建环状RNANRC1沉默株。通过检测证明,NRC1沉默株的根和叶中,烟碱和生物碱的含量显著降低,说明环状RNA NRC1与烟草烟碱的生物合成高度相关,为烟草烟叶中烟碱含量调节,以及低烟碱品种的培育奠定技术基础。
最后说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种烟草烟碱合成相关环状RNA NRC1,其特征在于:所述环状RNA NRC1的基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO1所示。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的烟草烟碱合成相关环状RNA NRC1在获得低烟碱烟草品种中的应用,其特征在于:通过抑制环状RNA NRC1的表达,降低烟草中的烟碱,获得低烟碱烟草品种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的烟草烟碱合成相关环状RNA NRC1在获得低烟碱烟草品种中的应用,其特征在于:所述抑制环状RNA NRC1的表达是构建沉默NRC1的病毒诱导的基因沉默载体,对烟草环状RNA NRC1进行沉默。
4.根据权利要求3所述的烟草烟碱合成相关环状RNA NRC1在获得低烟碱烟草品种中的应用,其特征在于:病毒诱导的基因沉默载体的构建方法如下:将PCR扩增获得的引导序列与TRV载体连接,筛选、测序鉴定。
5.根据权利要求4所述的烟草烟碱合成相关环状RNA NRC1在获得低烟碱烟草品种中的应用,其特征在于:所述PCR扩增的引物序列为:
NRC1-F:5’-TCGACGACAAGACCCTGCAGGAGATGTGACTTGTAAGGCGACGAT-3’;
NRC1-R:5’-TGAGGAGAAGAGCCCTGCAGGGCTAAGACCAGACCTAAATTCCC-3’。
6.根据权利要求2~5中任一项所述的烟草烟碱合成相关环状RNA NRC1在获得低烟碱烟草品种中的应用,其特征在于:所述低烟碱的烟草品种通过以下方法获得:将病毒诱导的基因沉默载体转化农杆菌作为侵染液,再转化烟草,最后筛选鉴定,进而获得烟碱含量下降的烟草品种。
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