CN116586075B - 一种抗水型低温co氧化催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种抗水型低温co氧化催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种抗水型低温CO氧化催化剂及其制备方法和应用,属于废气处理技术领域。本发明提供的一种抗水型低温CO氧化催化剂,所述催化剂具备SiO2包覆多金属氧化物活性组分的核壳结构,所述活性组分包括Cu、Co、Mn、Ce、Pt、Ag、Pd、Ir等的金属氧化物中的至少两种。所述的抗水型低温CO氧化催化剂的制备方法,包括:首先制备SiO2包覆所述活性组分的核壳型结构催化剂前驱体,然后对所述前驱体的SiO2壳层进行疏水改性,即得。本发明还提供一种所述的制备方法的应用,将其应用于制备CO‑SCR催化剂。本发明提供的催化剂其二氧化硅壳层厚度可控,抗水性好,催化活性高。其制备方法工艺简单,条件可控,成本低廉,便于工业化推广使用,可用于制备多种催化剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于废气处理技术领域,尤其涉及一种抗水型低温CO氧化催化剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
目前,针对烧结烟气中 CO 脱除的方法有多种,其中最有效的是催化氧化法。在催化剂上 H2O 化学吸附强于 CO2化学吸附,且 CO2和 H2O 吸附具有协同作用,增强共吸附,研究发现水分子会吸附在氧空位上,阻碍了活性氧的生成,从而导致催化剂在潮湿空气中CO 氧化反应活性下降。在实际反应条件下的气氛中往往会存在大量水汽,绝大部分情况下会严重抑制催化活性,降低催化效率。并且烟气中存在的其他微量气体也将会影响催化性能。
针对上述问题,还需要开发一种高效的催化剂以便解决该问题。
有鉴于此,特提出本发明。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种抗水型低温CO氧化催化剂及其制备方法和应用,以解决上述问题。
为实现以上目的,本发明特采用以下技术方案:
一种抗水型低温CO氧化催化剂,所述催化剂具备SiO2包覆多金属氧化物活性组分的核壳结构,所述活性组分包括Cu、Co、Mn、Ce、Pt、Ag、Pd、Ir等的金属氧化物中的至少两种。
可选的,所述活性组分的晶型包括尖晶石、钙钛矿和类水滑石晶型中的任一种或多种。
一种所述的抗水型低温CO氧化催化剂的制备方法,包括:首先制备SiO2包覆所述活性组分的核壳型结构催化剂前驱体,然后对所述前驱体的SiO2壳层进行疏水改性,即得。
可选的,所述前驱体的制备包括:将所述活性组分和正硅酸乙酯溶于乙醇,然后加入氨水溶液,经过搅拌、洗涤后进行干燥。
可选的,所述疏水改性包括:将所述前驱体分散于正己烷中,加入氯三甲基硅烷,超声处理后离心,并经过洗涤和干燥;
所述超声处理的时间为1-5h;
所述干燥的温度为60-100℃,时间为9-13h。
可选的,所述前驱体质量与所述氯三甲基硅烷的体积比为1:0.5-2,其中质量以g为单位,体积以ml为单位。
可选的,所述前驱体的制备包括先通过雾化包覆,然后进行水解;
所述雾化包覆包括:将硅酸乙酯乙醇溶液雾化,形成雾化带,将所述活性组分气流通入所述雾化带,实现硅酸乙酯雾滴对所述活性组分的包覆;
所述水解包括:将所述雾化包覆所得产物置于碱性溶液进行水解,然后依次经过离心、过滤和脱水。
采用雾化-水解方法形成二氧化硅多孔壳层包覆多金属氧化物活性组分的核壳结构,催化剂活性组分会成为凝结核,液体在分子张力作用下凝结成球,使得所制得的催化剂性能更优。
可选的,所述前驱体的制备还满足以下条件中的一个或多个:
a.所述硅酸乙酯乙醇溶液的质量分数为10-55%;改变正硅酸乙酯的浓度可以调节SiO2壳层的厚度,使得壳层厚度小,有利于催化氧化过程的进行;
b.所述碱性溶液包括氨水溶液和/或氢氧化钠溶液;
c.所述氨水溶液的质量分数为5-15%,温度为50-70℃;
d.所述氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为0-0.01Mol/L,温度为15-35℃;
e.所述水解的时间为3-5h;
f.所述脱水的温度为40-60℃,时间为8-14h。
二氧化硅多孔壳层厚度对催化剂活性和疏水性有重要的影响,厚度较大,虽然水会因为表面疏水基团不易进入催化剂核心,但反应分子也难以进入;本发明通过调节反应参数,对二氧化硅多孔壳层的厚度的灵活调节,尤其是通过调节硅酸乙酯乙醇浓度,从而有效调整了多孔壳层的厚度在5-50nm之间,方法简单可行,调控效果好。本发明还提供一种所述的制备方法的应用,将所述方法应用于制备CO-SCR催化剂。
可选的,所述制备CO-SCR催化剂所采用的活性组分的组成金属元素为Ir和Mn;所述Ir和Mn的元素用量比为0.5-1.5:100。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明提供的抗水型低温CO氧化催化剂,具备二氧化硅壳层结构,和金属氧化物活性组分的内核,抗水性好,催化活性高,经过实验验证,在180℃含水条件下,对一氧化碳的转化率可达到100%。
本发明采用先包覆活性物质,然后通过对壳层外表面的疏水改性,形成核壳结构催化剂,实现在具备较高的催化活性的前提下,获得优良的抗水性能,克服现有催化剂在潮湿空气中 CO 氧化反应活性下降的问题,提高了催化剂的使用效率,丰富了其应用场景。
本发明提供的制备方法,除了能够制备性能优异的抗水型低温CO氧化催化剂,还能通过选择活性组分和用量,制备脱硝催化剂,用途广泛。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为实施例1所使用的制备前驱体的装置及流程示意图;
图2为实施例1所制得的抗水型低温CO氧化催化剂的TEM图;
图3为实施例5所制得的抗水型低温CO氧化催化剂的TEM图;
附图标记:1-高压泵;2-雾化喷孔;3-雾化室;4-气流泵;5-收集器。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例只是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
对比例1
采用常用方式制备核壳型CO氧化催化剂,具体步骤如下:
S1:制备活性组分:
称取2.416g Cu(NO3)2•3H2O、1.458g Co(NO3)2•6H2O、2.632g Mn(NO3)2(aq)(50wt%)置于烧杯中,加入去离子水,25℃下搅拌15min至混合均匀,随后加入碳酸氢铵溶液继续搅拌60min至沉淀完全,随后静置6h,用蒸馏水洗涤离心后于80℃烘箱内干燥过夜,随后将所得产物放入管式炉中,在空气气氛下以3℃/min加热到500℃煅烧3h,得到活性组分;
S2:制备前驱体:通过超声将S1所得活性组分分散在乙醇中,加入正硅酸乙酯(TEOS),在450rpm下搅拌4小时,加入若干氨水(25-28%,AR)和水。将混合物在450rpm下再搅拌4小时,用乙醇洗涤后在100℃下干燥11小时得A@SiO2。A@SiO2在150℃真空烘箱预热11小时,真空烘箱中冷却至30℃;
S3:疏水改性:
将S2所得前驱体分散在正己烷中,加入氯三甲基硅烷,每克前驱体对应1ml氯三甲基硅烷,然后在25℃下超声处理3小时后离心,用正己烷洗涤产物,并在80℃的真空烘箱中干燥11小时,即得常规方法获得的核壳型CO氧化催化剂,二氧化硅壳层厚度为120nm。
性能测试:
将所得催化剂装入固定床反应器中,实验条件为:4000ppmCO、200ppmNO、16%O2、10%H2O,载气为N2,反应温度分别取130℃、180℃、210℃和250℃,反应压力为常压,评价空速为60000gscm−3。
实施例1
按照本发明提供的方法制备抗水型低温CO氧化催化剂,具体步骤如下:
S1:制备活性组分:
称取2.416g Cu(NO3)2•3H2O,3.579g Mn(NO3)2(aq)(50wt%)置于烧杯中,加入去离子水,25℃下搅拌15min至混合均匀,随后加入碳酸氢铵溶液继续搅拌60min至沉淀完全,随后静置6h,用蒸馏水洗涤离心后于80℃烘箱内干燥过夜,随后将所得产物放入管式炉中,在空气气氛下以3℃/min加热到500℃煅烧3h,得到活性组分;
S2:制备前驱体:
使用图1所示装置,将20%硅酸乙酯乙醇溶液通入高压泵1加压后,经过雾化喷孔2进入到雾化室3形成雾化带;
将S1所得活性组分通过气流泵4分散输入雾化室3,此时雾化室3内的硅酸乙酯雾滴包覆活性组分后,硅酸乙酯雾滴以活性组分为核心逐渐变大,在重力作用下落入收集器5进行水解,收集器5内盛有60℃浓度为10%氨水溶液,在氨水溶液内硅酸乙酯进行水解,形成多孔二氧化硅壳层,水解4小时后,离心分离,收集产物并置于50℃真空烘箱中干燥12h,即得前驱体;
S3:疏水改性:
将S2所得前驱体分散在正己烷中,加入氯三甲基硅烷,每克前驱体对应1ml氯三甲基硅烷,然后在25℃下超声处理3小时后离心,用正己烷洗涤产物,并在80℃的真空烘箱中干燥11小时,即得抗水型低温CO氧化催化剂,二氧化硅壳层厚度为9nm。
实施例1所制得的抗水型低温CO氧化催化剂的TEM图如图2所示,由图2可知,采用本发明提供的方法,可以有效合成核壳催化剂。
性能测试条件同对比例1。
实施例2
与实施例1的不同之处在于,S1中活性组分的组成金属元素及用量为2.416gCu(NO3)2•3H2O、2.037gCo(NO3)2•6H2O 、1.302gCe(NO3)3·6H2O,且煅烧温度为550℃;S2中硅酸乙酯乙醇溶液浓度为10%。
实施例3
与实施例1的不同之处在于,S1中活性组分的组成金属元素及用量为3.81gCe(NO3)3·6H2O、1.569g Mn(NO3)2(aq)(50wt%)、0.0482gPt(NO3)2;S2步骤所使用的硅酸乙酯乙醇溶液浓度为35%。
本实施例所得的抗水型低温CO氧化催化剂二氧化硅壳层厚度为11nm。
实施例4
与实施例1的不同之处在于,S1中活性组分的组成金属元素及用量为3.81gCe(NO3)3·6H2O、2.416g Cu(NO3)2•3H2O、0.0482gPt(NO3)2;S2步骤所使用的硅酸乙酯乙醇溶液浓度为55%。
实施例5
与实施例1的不同之处在于,S1中活性组分的组成金属元素及用量为3.579g Mn(NO3)2(aq)(50wt%)、2.9103g Co(NO3)2•6H2O、0.1152gPd(NO3)2(aq)(15wt%);S2步骤所使用的硅酸乙酯乙醇溶液浓度为10%。
本实施例所得的抗水型低温CO氧化催化剂二氧化硅壳层厚度为6nm,其TEM图如附图3所示。
表1 实施例1-5及对比例1所制得的催化剂性能测试结果
由图2和图3可知,本发明提供的方法所制得的抗水型低温CO氧化催化剂具备清晰的核壳结构,并且壳层厚度可调,在疏水的同时有利于CO进入催化剂内部进行氧化反应,提高CO的氧化效率。
本发明实施例提供的催化剂制备方法和对比例1活性组分及改性方法相同,唯有核壳制备方法不同导致核壳层厚度不同,从性能结果可以看出本发明提供的较薄的核壳层有利于CO、O2等反应分子的进入和催化反应的进行,95%的转化率可以从传统制备方法的250℃降低到180℃以下。
实施例6
与实施例1的不同之处在于,S1中活性组分的组成金属元素及用量为3.579g Mn(NO3)2(aq)(50wt%)、0.1152g C12H18Ir3O13.C2H3O2.3(H2O),S2步骤所使用的硅酸乙酯乙醇溶液浓度为15%。
性能测试:将所得催化剂装入固定床反应器中,实验条件为:4000ppmCO、200ppmNO、5%O2、10%H2O,载气为N2,评价空速为30000gscm−3,反应压力为常压。反应温度分别取130℃、180℃、210℃和250℃,其脱硝率分别为22.2%,24.6%,41.8%,66.4%。
由实施例6可知,利用本发明提供的制备方法,制备得到脱硝性能优异的CO-SCR催化剂。
请注意,以上实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。以上实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本申请构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此,本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (4)
1.一种抗水型低温CO氧化催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:首先制备SiO2包覆活性组分的核壳型结构催化剂前驱体,然后对所述前驱体的SiO2壳层进行疏水改性,即得;
所述疏水改性包括:将所述前驱体分散于正己烷中,加入氯三甲基硅烷,超声处理后离心,并经过洗涤和干燥;
所述超声处理的时间为1-5h;
所述干燥的温度为60-100℃,时间为9-13h;
所述前驱体质量与所述氯三甲基硅烷的体积比为1:0.5-2,其中质量以g为单位,体积以ml为单位;
所述前驱体的制备包括先通过雾化包覆,然后进行水解;
所述雾化包覆包括:将正硅酸乙酯乙醇溶液雾化,形成雾化带,将所述活性组分气流通入所述雾化带,实现正硅酸乙酯雾滴对所述活性组分的包覆;
所述水解包括:将所述雾化包覆所得产物置于碱性溶液进行水解,然后依次经过离心、过滤和脱水;
所述正硅酸乙酯乙醇溶液的质量分数为10-55%;
所述催化剂具备SiO2包覆多金属氧化物活性组分的核壳结构,所述活性组分包括Cu、Co、Mn、Ce、Pt、Ag、Pd、Ir的金属氧化物中的至少两种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述活性组分的晶型包括尖晶石、钙钛矿和类水滑石晶型中的任一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述前驱体的制备还满足以下条件中的一个或多个:
a.所述碱性溶液包括氨水溶液和/或氢氧化钠溶液;
b.所述氨水溶液的质量分数为5-15%,温度为50-70℃;
c.所述氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为0-0.01Mol/L,温度为15-35℃;
d.所述水解的时间为3-5h;
e.所述脱水的温度为40-60℃,时间为8-14h。
4.一种权利要求1-3任一项所述的制备方法的应用,其特征在于,将所述方法应用于制备CO-SCR催化剂。
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