CN116584338A - Flower planting industrialization method for karst hilly area - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/27—Pulp, e.g. bagasse
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/50—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor contained within a flexible envelope
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a flower planting industrialization method for karst hilly areas. The method comprises the following steps: selecting and establishing a garden, selecting a planting area, selecting flower germplasm, proportioning different growth matrixes, planting flowers, fertilizing and managing and protecting the flowers; the invention firstly establishes a garden in a karst hilly area, selects proper flower varieties according to the terrain and soil conditions of the garden and prepares different growth matrixes, achieves the industrialization of flower planting through reasonable planting method and scientific water and fertilizer management and protection, has the advantages of simple planting, high survival rate of flowers, easy later management and protection, high scenery forming speed, high ecological and economic benefits and the like compared with the traditional planting mode, can effectively utilize difficult lands in the karst hilly area to carry out green sustainable industrialized development, protects the ecological environment of the area, improves the local ecological and landscape effect and increases the economic income of residents.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of difficult-land vegetation restoration, and particularly relates to a flower planting industrialization method for karst hilly areas.
Background
Karst hills are landforms with weaker karst degree, are formed by combining hills and karst depressions, and are mainly distributed in subtropical climates or areas where karst is not easy to rapidly proceed due to lithologic conditions. The area of karst hills and depressions is small, soil resources are relatively deficient, the upper part of hills and peaks of the karst hills is shallow in soil layer, the thickness is less than 5cm, the soil is mostly remained at Dan Xi, holes and low-lying funnels, the soil is black lime soil, the organic matter content is high, and the water storage capacity is weak. The karst hills surface water is mostly lost from the hopper, so that the surface water resources are lack, and the underground water is buried deeply and is difficult to use.
The karst hilly area is a region with comparatively backward economy and is also a region with weaker ecological environment, the water and soil loss degree is serious, and the land is exposed and vegetation is damaged due to excessive artificial cutting and grazing, unreasonable agricultural production modes, large-scale infrastructure construction and the like, so that the water and soil loss problem is further aggravated. However, compared with karst mountain land, the karst hills have relatively superior water and soil conditions and agricultural development potential, and reasonable development and utilization of land resources are extremely important for ecological environment protection of karst areas and agriculture and forestry development.
In recent years, under the support of the country, most karst hilly areas actively utilize the depressions to plant cash crops such as dragon fruits, oil tea, citrus and the like, the damage of an unreasonable agriculture mode to the environment is relieved to a certain extent, and certain economic income is obtained, but the following problems still exist in the current hilly areas through field investigation: (1) A great deal of difficulty is not utilized, and especially stone walls and bare rock depressions around residential areas and beside commercial crop planting areas are wasted. (2) Most karst hilly areas are limestone mountainous areas, less and barren soil, drought and rain, difficult soil moisture retention, difficult acquisition of surface water resources, behind agricultural facilities and fragile ecological environment. (3) The planted products in most areas are single, the products are easy to be sold, and the planted cash crops do not form industrialized development. (4) Most of the existing cash crops are used for planting fruit trees and other crops, so that the consumption of soil and environment is large, the planting difficulty is large, the planting period is long, and the product sustainability is weak. (5) The karst hilly areas are difficult to successfully plant flowers on a large scale, and reports of the development of the flower industry are not found. The prior patent CN104855114A discloses a method for planting walnuts and peppers on stony desertification soil, which comprises (1) expanding planting pits, and paving a water-retaining layer at the bottom of the planting pits. And (2) filling 10-35cm of nutrient soil on the grid-shaped grooves. (3) And planting walnut seedlings and pepper seedlings in different planting pits at intervals to obtain planting of the walnut and the pepper. However, this invention has the following problems: 1. the invention needs to be planted on deep and nutrient-rich soil, and is not suitable for being implemented in bare rock depression areas with barren soil and thin soil layer. 2. The stony desertification soil for planting walnuts and peppers has the defects of low fruit tree survival rate, large water and fertilizer requirements and long harvesting period, and is not suitable for popularization and planting in karst hilly areas. Patent CN105027940B discloses a method for planting pasture in stony desertification areas and a use method thereof, which realizes scientific pasture planting and obtains high-yield pasture through land stony desertification grading, pasture screening, land preparation, pasture seed selection, seed treatment, sowing time selection, sowing quantity selection, sowing mode selection, post-sowing compacting and field management technology. However, this invention has the following problems: 1. the method for planting pasture in karst hilly areas cannot be planted in stone walls and bare rock areas, and difficult lands cannot be optimally utilized; 2. the landscape benefit generated by planting pasture in the stony desertification area is weak; 3. the karst hilly area has lower market demand on pasture products, does not have good economic benefit, and is difficult to popularize. Therefore, how to develop and utilize the difficulty of karst hilly areas and develop sustainable industrialization development is a problem that needs to be solved currently.
Therefore, the invention provides a flower planting industrialization method for karst hilly areas, which selects proper planting areas in the garden, selects flower germplasm suitable for planting environments according to the characteristics of different areas, and mixes different growth matrixes, improves the survival rate of flower planting, adopts water and fertilizer integrated equipment to fertilize and manage and protect in the later period, and effectively improves the survival rate of flowers and becomes Jing Sulv: the technology can effectively solve the problems of insufficient utilization of the existing difficult lands, large planting difficulty, difficult later-stage management and protection, large damage degree of crop planting to the environment, weak landscape benefit, high popularization difficulty and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a flower planting industrialization method for a karst hilly area, the method creatively provides a planting method for flowers industrialization in a difficult area of the karst hilly area through scientific research and reasonable configuration, and provides a composite economic mode integrating ornamental, picking and tourism leisure. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
A flower planting industrialization method for karst hilly areas, comprising the following steps:
(1) Selecting and establishing a garden: selecting a main cash crop planting area of 50-100 mu and a residential area in a karst hilly area, establishing a flower planting garden, establishing a water and fertilizer integrated facility in the garden, and constructing tourist picking-ornamental-leisure ornamental roads from the cash crop picking area to the flower ornamental area to the residential area;
(2) Selecting a planting area: analyzing the availability of bare rocks and stone walls in the garden by investigating the conditions of bare rock depression environment in the garden, and selecting stone walls around the planting area of the garden and bare rock depressions around the resident living area as planting areas of flowers;
(3) Selecting flower varieties: selecting a flower plant with high ornamental value and strong tolerance as a flower variety of bare rock depressions; selecting rock flower plants growing on climbing as flower varieties on bare rock and stone wall surfaces;
(4) Preparing a growth substrate: preparing different growth matrixes according to different flower varieties; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the matrix suitable for the bare rock depression flower varieties comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of an organic matrix composition, 35-45 parts of an inorganic matrix composition and 1-5 parts of a botanical drug; wherein the organic matrix composition comprises 10-20 parts of fine bark, 10-15 parts of sugarcane chips, 10-15 parts of fermented cow dung and 15-20 parts of sphagna; the inorganic matrix composition is formed by mixing 10-20 parts of peat and 5-10 parts of vermiculite; the botanical drug is formed by mixing 0.1-0.7 part of carbendazim, 0.1-0.5 part of thiophanate methyl, 0.1-0.4 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.4 part of iron chelating agent and 0.01-0.05 part of gibberellin;
The matrix suitable for the flower varieties on the surface of bare rock and stone walls comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-55 parts of organic matrix composition, 40-45 parts of inorganic matrix composition and 1-5 parts of plant medicine; wherein the organic matrix composition is formed by mixing 10-15 parts of sugarcane scraps, 5-10 parts of fermented cow dung and 10-30 parts of sphagna; the inorganic matrix is formed by mixing 10-20 parts of peat and 10-20 parts of vermiculite; the plant medicine is prepared by mixing 1-5 parts of broad bean powder, 1-5 parts of rapeseed powder, 0.1-0.5 part of ferrous sulfate and 0.01-0.02 part of borax.
(5) Flower planting: planting is started in 3-4 months; the planting method of the bare rock depression area is pit planting; the planting mode of the bare rock and the stone wall surface area is a planting mode of combining a nylon net bag with a non-woven fabric bag;
(6) Fertilizing and managing;
(7) Flower picking: picking by adopting a manual or mechanical mode.
Preferably, in the step (1), the water and fertilizer integrated facility comprises a water reservoir, a water and fertilizer pool and a micro-spray irrigation system which are built in a flower planting area; wherein, a reservoir with water capacity of 1 cubic meter is arranged in each mu; a water and fertilizer pond with the water and fertilizer capacity of 0.5 cubic is arranged in each mu; the micro-spray irrigation system mainly comprises a main pipe, a branch pipe and a micro-spray head, and is connected with a reservoir and a water and fertilizer pool.
Preferably, in the step (2), the analysis of the availability of bare rock and stone walls in the garden refers to the analysis of the height of the stone walls, the weight of the flowers which can be carried and the specific planting density.
Preferably, in the step (3), the flower plant with high ornamental value and strong tolerance comprises one or more than two of goldfish, marigold, coreopsis tinctoria and zinnia; the rock flower plants growing in a climbing manner comprise one or more than two of dendrobium devonianum, dendrobium huoshanense and dendrobium globosum.
Preferably, in the step (4),
the matrix suitable for the bare rock depression flower varieties comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of an organic matrix composition, 35-45 parts of an inorganic matrix composition and 1-5 parts of a botanical drug; wherein the organic matrix composition comprises 10-20 parts of fine bark, 10-15 parts of sugarcane chips, 10-15 parts of fermented cow dung and 15-20 parts of sphagna; the inorganic matrix composition is formed by mixing 10-20 parts of peat and 5-10 parts of vermiculite; the botanical drug is formed by mixing 0.1-0.7 part of carbendazim, 0.1-0.5 part of thiophanate methyl, 0.1-0.4 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.4 part of iron chelating agent and 0.01-0.05 part of gibberellin;
the matrix suitable for the flower varieties on the surface of bare rock and stone walls comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-55 parts of organic matrix composition, 40-45 parts of inorganic matrix composition and 1-5 parts of plant medicine; wherein the organic matrix composition is formed by mixing 10-15 parts of sugarcane scraps, 5-10 parts of fermented cow dung and 10-30 parts of sphagna; the inorganic matrix is formed by mixing 10-20 parts of peat and 10-20 parts of vermiculite; the plant medicine is prepared by mixing 1-5 parts of broad bean powder, 1-5 parts of rapeseed powder, 0.1-0.5 part of ferrous sulfate and 0.01-0.02 part of borax.
Preferably, in the step (4),
the preparation method of the matrix suitable for the bare rock depression flower varieties comprises the following steps: according to the weight portions, peat with the porosity (v/v) of 76-77%, fine bark with the diameter of 3-4mm, sugarcane scraps, fermented cow dung and small-grain vermiculite with the diameter of 2-5mm are uniformly mixed, then placed for more than 12 hours at normal temperature to obtain a mixture, and after dried sphagnum moss is cut into small blocks, the small blocks are uniformly mixed with plant medicines and the mixture to obtain the matrix;
the preparation method of the matrix suitable for the flower varieties on the surface of bare rock and stone walls comprises the following steps: according to the weight portions, the sugarcane scraps, the fermented cow dung, peat with the porosity (v/v) of 76-77% and vermiculite with the grain size of 2-5mm are uniformly mixed, then placed for more than 12 hours at normal temperature, then uniformly mixed with the plant medicines to obtain a mixed matrix, the dried sphagnum moss is cut into small pieces and placed at the bottom of a non-woven fabric bag, and the mixed matrix is placed on the non-woven fabric bag to obtain the matrix.
Preferably, in the step (5),
the planting method of the bare rock depression area comprises the following steps: cleaning weeds and sundries on the surface of bare rock depressions; digging holes according to the specification of 20-35cm spacing, 10-20cm depth and 5-15cm circumference; filling the non-woven fabric bag with the matrix suitable for the bare rock depression flower varieties, wherein the weight of the matrix is 50 g/bag; placing the non-woven fabric bag containing the matrix into the dug soil hole, and covering and tamping with surrounding soil; sowing 5-7 seeds suitable for bare rock depression flower varieties in each hole, wherein the planting density is 7000-7260 holes/mu; compacting; watering for 1-2 times every week;
The planting method of the bare rock and stone wall surface area comprises the following steps: cleaning a stone wall, flattening the stone wall, reserving original vegetation, paving a nylon net bag on the stone wall, and fixing the nylon Long Wangdou on the stone wall by rivets; filling the non-woven fabric bag with the matrix suitable for the bare rock and the flower varieties on the stone wall surface, wherein the weight of the matrix is 45 g/bag; placing a non-woven fabric bag containing a matrix into the nylon net bag; planting seedlings suitable for bare rock and stone wall surface flower varieties in cloth bags containing matrixes, placing one seedling in each cloth bag, wherein the plant spacing is 30-45cm, and the density is 4000-4100 plants/mu, and compacting; spraying neutral or slightly acidic water on stone wall, and watering for 1-2 times per week.
Preferably, the aperture size of the nylon net bag is 6-8cm, and the depth of the net bag is 10-15cm.
Preferably, the diameter of the non-woven fabric bag is 6-8cm, the height is 10-12cm, and the volume of the non-woven fabric bag is 250-310cm 3 。
Preferably, in the step (6), the fertilization and management are performed in a growing season of 3 months to 10 months, the compound fertilizer is applied once every month, the application amount is 15-40 Kg/mu, the compound fertilizer is dissolved in water according to the fertilizer-water ratio of 1:20-100 and then sprayed, and watering is performed for 1-2 times every week in the growing season.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The invention relates to a flower planting industrialization method for a karst hilly area, which is characterized in that firstly, difficult lands such as stone walls, bare rock depressions and the like around resident residential areas of the karst hilly area and beside cash crop planting areas are investigated, and areas suitable for flower planting are selected to plant flowers, so that the difficult lands of the karst hilly area are utilized efficiently according to local conditions; meanwhile, the flowers have good landscape value and economic value, and the landscape beauty and economic income of bare rock-depressed areas can be improved.
2. According to the method, flowers such as drought-resistant and barren-resistant Goldfish, dendrobium nobile and marigold are selected according to the characteristics of drought and low rain and barren soil in a karst hilly area, different types of flower planting are selected according to the characteristics of two different planting areas, flowers such as marigold and Goldfish are selected in bare rock depression areas, and climbing flowers of dendrobium nobile are selected in stone walls and bare rock areas; simultaneously, according to two types of flowers, the nutrient substrate with two components is proportioned, wherein the substrate 1 comprises an organic substrate composition (fine bark, sugarcane scraps, fermented cow dung and sphagnum), an inorganic substrate composition (peat, vermiculite), a plant medicament (carbendazim, thiophanate methyl, zinc sulfate, iron chelating agent and gibberellin), and is used for the planting substrate of the flowers in the bare rock depression area, and the interaction of the raw materials can supplement nutrient substances lacking in the bare rock depression area, so that the nutrient substrate is suitable for the growth and development of the flowers; the matrix 2 comprises an organic matrix composition (sugarcane scraps, fermented cow dung and sphagnum moss), an inorganic matrix (peat and vermiculite), and plant medicines (fava bean powder, rapeseed powder, ferrous sulfate and borax), is suitable for climbing plants planted on bare rock and stone walls, and can supplement nutrient substances lacking in bare rock and stone walls by interaction of the raw materials, and the root development of the climbing plants can be promoted by the cooperation of the fava bean powder and the borax. Through scientific and reasonable proportioning of the growth matrix, various nutritional ingredients required in the flower growth process are ensured, root taking growth of flowers is promoted, and the germination rate of the flowers is effectively improved.
The flower planting industrialization method for the karst hilly area adopts hanging planting and pit planting during planting, combines the nylon net bags and the non-woven fabric bags, simplifies flower planting steps, saves manpower and material resources, simultaneously avoids damaging soil due to deep ploughing, and protects the fragile ecological environment of the karst hilly area.
4. The invention relates to a flower planting industrialization method for karst hilly areas, which increases the yield and income according to local conditions through scientific and reasonable water and fertilizer management and protection; after flower planting, water and fertilizer with different concentrations are adopted for management and protection in different growth periods, compound fertilizer is applied once every month, the application amount is 15-40 Kg/mu, the compound fertilizer is dissolved in water according to the fertilizer-water ratio of 1:20-100 and then sprayed, and watering is carried out for 1-2 times every week in the growth season, so that various microelements required in the vegetation growth process can be fully satisfied, the flowering rate is effectively improved, and the flower is fast and scenic; and the whole water and fertilizer management process is carried out through the water and fertilizer integrated management system, so that the labor cost of management and protection is greatly saved, and the water and fertilizer integrated management system is suitable for popularization in karst hilly areas.
5. The flower planting industrialization method for the karst hilly area has the advantages of strong flower landscape effect, short flowering period and high popularization benefit: the goldfish grass, marigold, coreopsis tinctoria, aster, dendrobium devonianum, dendrobium nobile and dendrobium globosum which are scientifically screened out by the method have extremely high ornamental value, are convenient to plant, protect environment, continuously produce and the like, are suitable for popularization and planting in wide karst hilly areas, and have positive effects on improving the ecological landscape attractiveness and economic income of the karst hilly areas.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below. Like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals throughout the several figures. In the drawings, elements or portions thereof are not necessarily drawn to scale.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a nylon net bag according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the present invention in a bare rock depression area for flower planting;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the present invention for flower planting in bare rock and stone wall surface areas;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the invention for industrially planting flowers in karst hilly areas;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of the present invention on the industrial planting of flowers in karst hilly areas.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, a number means one or more, a number means two or more, and greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood to not include the present number, and above, below, within, etc. are understood to include the present number. The terms "first," "second," "third," and the like, if any, are used for descriptive purposes only and for distinguishing between technical features and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art. In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Example 1
A flower planting industrialization method for karst hilly areas, comprising the following steps:
(1) Selecting and establishing a garden: in Guangxi Pingguo city, the temperature, soil and local climate environment are all suitable for karst hilly areas, a main cash crop planting area and a residential area of 100 mu are selected, a flower planting garden is built, water and fertilizer integrated facilities are built in the garden, tourists picking-ornamental-leisure ornamental roads from the cash crop picking area to the flower ornamental area to the residential area are built, and the road design is based on the original road; the water and fertilizer integrated facility is to build a reservoir, a water and fertilizer pool and a micro-spray irrigation system in the flower planting area; wherein, a reservoir with water capacity of 1 cubic meter is arranged in each mu for collecting rainwater or groundwater; a water and fertilizer pond with the water and fertilizer capacity of 0.5 cubic is arranged in each mu and is used for storing water and fertilizer; the micro-spray irrigation system mainly comprises a main pipe, a branch pipe and a micro-spray head.
(2) Selecting a planting area: by investigating the conditions of bare rock depression environment in the garden in the field, analyzing the availability of bare rock and stone walls in the garden refers to analyzing the height of the stone walls, the weight of the loadable flowers and the specific planting density, selecting the stone walls around the planting area of the garden and the bare rock depressions around the residential land as the planting areas of the flowers, and planning the total area.
(3) Selecting flower varieties: selecting flower plants with high ornamental value and strong tolerance of goldfish grass, marigold, coreopsis tinctoria and aster as flower varieties of bare rock depressions; selecting rock flower plants which grow on the surfaces of bare rocks and stone walls, such as dendrobium devonianum, dendrobium huoshanense, dendrobium globosum and the like, as flower varieties;
(4) Preparing a growth substrate: preparing different growth matrixes according to different flower varieties; wherein, the matrix suitable for the flower varieties in bare rock depressions comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of an organic matrix composition, 35 parts of an inorganic matrix composition and 1 part of a botanical drug; wherein the organic matrix composition comprises 10 parts of fine bark, 10 parts of sugarcane chips, 10 parts of fermented cow dung and 15 parts of sphagna; the inorganic matrix composition is formed by mixing 10 parts of peat and 5 parts of vermiculite; the botanical drug is formed by mixing 0.1 part of carbendazim, 0.1 part of thiophanate methyl, 0.1 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1 part of iron chelator and 0.01 part of gibberellin; the preparation method of the matrix suitable for the bare rock depression flower varieties comprises the following steps: according to the weight portions, peat with the porosity (v/v) of 76%, fine bark with the diameter of 3-4mm, sugarcane scraps, fermented cow dung and small-grain vermiculite with the diameter of 2-5mm are uniformly mixed, then placed for more than 12 hours at normal temperature to obtain a mixture, and after dried sphagnum moss is cut into small blocks, the small blocks are uniformly mixed with plant medicines and the mixture to obtain the matrix; in addition, 660Kg of urea, calcium superphosphate and other inorganic fertilizers with higher nitrogen and phosphorus content can be added into the fertilizer per 100 mu during the preparation.
The matrix suitable for the flower varieties on the surface of bare rock and stone walls comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of an organic matrix composition, 40 parts of an inorganic matrix composition and 1 part of a botanical drug; wherein the organic matrix composition is formed by mixing 10 parts of sugarcane chips, 5 parts of fermented cow dung and 10 parts of sphagna; the inorganic matrix is formed by mixing 10 parts of peat and 10 parts of vermiculite; the plant medicine is prepared by mixing 1 part of broad bean powder, 1 part of rapeseed powder, 0.1 part of ferrous sulfate and 0.01 part of borax; the preparation method of the matrix suitable for the flower varieties on the surface of bare rock and stone walls comprises the following steps: according to the weight portions, the sugarcane scraps, the fermented cow dung, peat with the porosity (v/v) of 76-77% and vermiculite with the grain size of 2-5mm are uniformly mixed, then placed for more than 12 hours at normal temperature, then uniformly mixed with the plant medicines to obtain a mixed matrix, the dried sphagnum moss is cut into small pieces and placed at the bottom of a non-woven fabric bag, and the mixed matrix is placed on the non-woven fabric bag to obtain the matrix. In addition, 185Kg of compound fertilizer or inorganic fertilizer such as nitrogen fertilizer, phosphoric acid fertilizer and the like such as ammonium nitrate, diammonium phosphate and the like can be added into the fertilizer per 100 mu during the preparation.
The water absorption and the water holding time of the matrix are respectively as follows: water moss (water absorption is 10 times of the water absorption per se, water holding time is 7 days), peat (water absorption is 8 times of the weight of the water moss, water holding time is 7 days), fermented cow dung (water absorption is 2 times of the weight of the water moss, water holding time is several days to one week, and the like), vermiculite (water absorption is 500L of water absorbed by every cubic meter of vermiculite, water holding time is 3 days), bark (water absorption is 65%, water holding time is 2 days), sugarcane chips (water absorption is 80%, water holding time is 3 days).
(5) Flower planting: planting in a period of 3 months with more precipitation; the planting mode of the bare rock and the stone wall surface area is a planting mode of combining a nylon net bag with a non-woven fabric bag;
the planting method of the bare rock depression area is pit planting: starting planting in a period of more 3 months of precipitation, cleaning weeds and sundries on the surface of bare rock depressions, deep-ploughing soil once, reducing soil hardening, and loosening, ventilating and retaining water of the soil; digging holes according to the specification of 20cm spacing, 10cm depth and 5cm circumference; filling the non-woven fabric bag with the matrix suitable for the bare rock depression flower varieties, wherein the weight of the matrix is 50 g/bag; placing the non-woven fabric bag containing the matrix into the dug soil hole, and covering and tamping with surrounding soil; sowing on the substrate, wherein 5 seeds suitable for bare rock depression flower varieties are sown in each hole, and the planting density is 7000 holes/mu; compacting; watering, namely watering for 1 time every week, and keeping soil moist but not accumulating water;
soaking treatment before sowing: soaking the seeds in warm water for a period of time, softening hard shells on the surfaces of the seeds, promoting the water absorption and germination of the seeds, and then treating the surfaces of the seeds with dilute sulfuric acid to remove colloid on the surfaces and improve the water absorption and germination rate of the seeds.
The planting method of the bare rock and stone wall surface area comprises the following steps: cleaning a stone wall, flattening the stone wall, reserving original vegetation, paving a nylon net bag on the stone wall, fixing the nylon Long Wangdou on the stone wall by rivets, and ensuring that the net bag and the stone wall can be closely contacted; filling the non-woven fabric bag with the matrix suitable for the bare rock and the flower varieties on the stone wall surface, wherein the weight of the matrix is 45 g/bag; placing a non-woven fabric bag containing a matrix into the nylon net bag; planting seedlings suitable for bare rock and stone wall surface flower varieties in cloth bags containing matrixes, placing one seedling in each cloth bag, wherein the plant spacing is 30cm, the density is 4000 plants/mu, and compacting; spraying neutral or slightly acidic water on stone wall, watering for 1 time per week, and keeping soil moist but not accumulating water.
The diameter of the non-woven fabric bag is 6cm, the height of the non-woven fabric bag is 12cm, and the volume of the non-woven fabric bag is 310cm < 3 >; the aperture size of the nylon net bag is 6cm, and the depth of the net bag is 10cm.
(6) And (3) fertilization: applying fertilizer in the growing season of 3 months to 10 months, applying compound fertilizer once every month, wherein the application amount is 15 Kg/mu, dissolving the compound fertilizer in a water and fertilizer pool according to the fertilizer-water ratio of 1:20, and then spraying by using a micro-spray irrigation system, wherein the spraying time is early morning or evening;
wherein, the growth initial stage of the asteraceae plant: 15Kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of area, the compound fertilizer is dissolved in water according to the proportion of 1:100, and fertilization is carried out by utilizing a micro-spray irrigation system, so that the compound fertilizer is used in a growing period: applying 20Kg of compound fertilizer per mu of area, dissolving the compound fertilizer in water according to the proportion of 1:50, and applying fertilizer by using a micro-spray irrigation system to bloom: and applying 25Kg of compound fertilizer per mu of area, dissolving the compound fertilizer in water according to the proportion of 1:20, and applying fertilizer by using a micro-spray irrigation system.
The dendrobium plants need to be sprayed with monopotassium phosphate and liquid fertilizer with certain concentration in the growth stage to promote growth, 30Kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of area, the compound fertilizer is dissolved in water according to the proportion of 1:100, and the compound fertilizer is sprayed by a micro-spray irrigation system, and the compound fertilizer is sprayed in morning and evening of one day in each month.
(7) And (3) managing and protecting: watering for 1 time every week in the growing season, and keeping the soil moist but not accumulating water. In the early stage of flower growth, the weeds in the park are required to be pulled out by adopting a manual removal mode; in the later growth stage, weeding work can be timely performed to avoid weed growth and nutrient competition.
In the full-open period of 7-10 months, inorganic fertilizer with high phosphorus content such as diammonium phosphate and the like should be applied instead, and the post-crop topdressing is performed to promote flowering of flowers.
In the growth topdressing stage, the problems of plant diseases and insect pests on the flower plants are discovered and treated in time, and certain fungicides and organic pesticides are applied to avoid affecting the normal growth of the plants.
(8) Flower picking: picking by adopting a manual or mechanical mode. The economic flowers of the Compositae are mainly picked manually.
Example 2
A flower planting industrialization method for karst hilly areas, comprising the following steps:
(1) Selecting and establishing a garden: in Guangxi Pingguo city, the temperature, soil and local climate environment are all suitable for karst hilly areas, a main cash crop planting area of 80 mu is selected, a flower planting garden is established, water and fertilizer integrated facilities are established in the garden, tourists picking-ornamental-leisure ornamental roads from the cash crop picking area to the flower ornamental area to the residence area are established, and the road design is based on the original road; the water and fertilizer integrated facility is to build a reservoir, a water and fertilizer pool and a micro-spray irrigation system in the flower planting area; wherein, a reservoir with water capacity of 1 cubic meter is arranged in each mu for collecting rainwater or groundwater; a water and fertilizer pond with the water and fertilizer capacity of 0.5 cubic is arranged in each mu and is used for storing water and fertilizer; the micro-spray irrigation system mainly comprises a main pipe, a branch pipe and a micro-spray head.
(2) Selecting a planting area: by investigating the conditions of bare rock depression environment in the garden in the field, analyzing the availability of bare rock and stone walls in the garden refers to analyzing the height of the stone walls, the weight of the loadable flowers and the specific planting density, selecting the stone walls around the planting area of the garden and the bare rock depressions around the residential land as the planting areas of the flowers, and planning the total area.
(3) Selecting flower varieties: selecting flower plants with high ornamental value and strong tolerance of the goldfish, the marigold and the aster as flower varieties of bare rock depressions; selecting rock-growing flower plants such as dendrobium aphyllum, dendrobium globosum and the like which grow in a climbing manner as flower varieties on the surfaces of bare rocks and stone walls;
(4) Preparing a growth substrate: preparing different growth matrixes according to different flower varieties; wherein, the matrix suitable for the flower varieties in bare rock depressions comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of an organic matrix composition, 45 parts of an inorganic matrix composition and 5 parts of a botanical drug; wherein the organic matrix composition comprises 20 parts of fine bark, 15 parts of sugarcane scraps, 15 parts of fermented cow dung and 20 parts of sphagna; the inorganic matrix composition is formed by mixing 20 parts of peat and 10 parts of vermiculite; the botanical drug is formed by mixing 0.7 part of carbendazim, 0.5 part of thiophanate methyl, 0.4 part of zinc sulfate, 0.4 part of iron chelator and 0.05 part of gibberellin; the preparation method of the matrix suitable for the bare rock depression flower varieties comprises the following steps: according to the weight portions, peat with the porosity (v/v) of 76-77%, fine bark with the diameter of 3-4mm, sugarcane scraps, fermented cow dung and small-grain vermiculite with the diameter of 2-5mm are uniformly mixed, then placed for more than 12 hours at normal temperature to obtain a mixture, and after dried sphagnum moss is cut into small blocks, the small blocks are uniformly mixed with plant medicines and the mixture to obtain the matrix; in addition, 660Kg of urea, calcium superphosphate and other inorganic fertilizers with higher nitrogen and phosphorus content can be added into the fertilizer per 100 mu during the preparation.
The matrix suitable for the flower varieties on the surface of bare rock and stone walls comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 parts of an organic matrix composition, 45 parts of an inorganic matrix composition and 5 parts of a botanical drug; wherein the organic matrix composition is formed by mixing 15 parts of sugarcane chips, 10 parts of fermented cow dung and 30 parts of sphagnum moss; the inorganic matrix is formed by mixing 20 parts of peat and 20 parts of vermiculite; the plant medicine is formed by mixing 5 parts of broad bean powder, 5 parts of rapeseed powder, 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate and 0.02 part of borax; the preparation method of the matrix suitable for the flower varieties on the surface of bare rock and stone walls comprises the following steps: according to the weight portions, the sugarcane scraps, the fermented cow dung, peat with the porosity (v/v) of 76-77% and vermiculite with the grain size of 2-5mm are uniformly mixed, then placed for more than 12 hours at normal temperature, then uniformly mixed with the plant medicines to obtain a mixed matrix, the dried sphagnum moss is cut into small pieces and placed at the bottom of a non-woven fabric bag, and the mixed matrix is placed on the non-woven fabric bag to obtain the matrix. In addition, 185Kg of compound fertilizer or inorganic fertilizer such as nitrogen fertilizer, phosphoric acid fertilizer and the like such as ammonium nitrate, diammonium phosphate and the like can be added into the fertilizer per 100 mu during the preparation.
The water absorption and the water holding time of the matrix are respectively as follows: water moss (water absorption capacity is 20 times of the water moss, water holding time is about 7 days), peat (water absorption capacity is 9 times of the water holding time is about 7 days), fermented cow dung (water absorption capacity is 2 times of the water holding time is different from a few days to one week), vermiculite (water absorption capacity is 650L of water absorbed by every cubic meter of vermiculite, water holding time is 5 days), bark (water absorption capacity is 65%, water holding time is 3 days), wood dust (water absorption capacity is 80%, water holding time is 7 days).
(5) Flower planting: planting in the period of 4 months with more precipitation; the planting mode of the bare rock and the stone wall surface area is a planting mode of combining a nylon net bag with a non-woven fabric bag;
the planting method of the bare rock depression area is pit planting: starting planting in a period of 4 months with more precipitation, cleaning weeds and sundries on the surface of bare rock depressions, deep-ploughing soil once, reducing soil hardening, and loosening, ventilating and retaining water of the soil; digging holes according to the specification of 35cm spacing, 20cm depth and 15cm circumference; filling the non-woven fabric bag with the matrix suitable for the bare rock depression flower varieties, wherein the weight of the matrix is 50 g/bag; placing the non-woven fabric bag containing the matrix into the dug soil hole, and covering and tamping with surrounding soil; sowing on the substrate, wherein 7 seeds suitable for bare rock depression flower varieties are sown in each hole, and the planting density is 7260 holes/mu; compacting; watering, namely watering for 2 times per week, and keeping soil moist but not accumulating water;
soaking treatment before sowing: soaking the seeds in warm water for a period of time, softening hard shells on the surfaces of the seeds, promoting the water absorption and germination of the seeds, and then treating the surfaces of the seeds with dilute sulfuric acid to remove colloid on the surfaces and improve the water absorption and germination rate of the seeds.
The planting method of the bare rock and stone wall surface area comprises the following steps: cleaning a stone wall, flattening the stone wall, reserving original vegetation, paving a nylon net bag on the stone wall, fixing the nylon Long Wangdou on the stone wall by rivets, and ensuring that the net bag and the stone wall can be closely contacted; filling the non-woven fabric bag with the matrix suitable for the bare rock and the flower varieties on the stone wall surface, wherein the weight of the matrix is 45 g/bag; placing a non-woven fabric bag containing a matrix into the nylon net bag; planting seedlings suitable for bare rock and stone wall surface flower varieties in cloth bags containing matrixes, placing one seedling in each cloth bag, wherein the plant spacing is 45cm, and the density is 4100 plants/mu, and compacting; spraying neutral or slightly acidic water on stone wall, watering for 2 times per week, and keeping soil moist but not accumulating water.
The diameter of the non-woven fabric bag is 6cm, the height of the non-woven fabric bag is 12cm, and the volume of the non-woven fabric bag is 310cm < 3 >; the aperture size of the nylon net bag is 8cm, and the depth of the net bag is 15cm.
(6) And (3) fertilization: applying fertilizer in the growing season of 3 months to 10 months, applying compound fertilizer once every month, wherein the application amount is 40 Kg/mu, dissolving the compound fertilizer in a water and fertilizer pool according to the fertilizer-water ratio of 1:100, and then spraying by using a micro-spray irrigation system, wherein the spraying time is early morning or evening;
wherein, the growth initial stage of the asteraceae plant: 15Kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of area, the compound fertilizer is dissolved in water according to the proportion of 1:100, and fertilization is carried out by utilizing a micro-spray irrigation system, so that the compound fertilizer is used in a growing period: applying 20Kg of compound fertilizer per mu of area, dissolving the compound fertilizer in water according to the proportion of 1:50, and applying fertilizer by using a micro-spray irrigation system to bloom: and applying 25Kg of compound fertilizer per mu of area, dissolving the compound fertilizer in water according to the proportion of 1:20, and applying fertilizer by using a micro-spray irrigation system.
The dendrobium plants need to be sprayed with monopotassium phosphate and liquid fertilizer with certain concentration in the growth stage to promote growth, 30Kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of area, the compound fertilizer is dissolved in water according to the proportion of 1:100, and the compound fertilizer is sprayed by a micro-spray irrigation system, and one-day morning and evening spraying is selected in each month
(7) And (3) managing and protecting: watering 2 times per week in the growing season, and keeping soil moist but not accumulating water. In the early stage of flower growth, the weeds in the park are required to be pulled out by adopting a manual removal mode; in the later growth stage, weeding work can be timely performed to avoid weed growth and nutrient competition.
In the full-open period of 7-10 months, inorganic fertilizer with high phosphorus content such as diammonium phosphate and the like should be applied instead, and the post-crop topdressing is performed to promote flowering of flowers.
In the growth topdressing stage, the problems of plant diseases and insect pests on the flower plants are discovered and treated in time, and certain fungicides and organic pesticides are applied to avoid affecting the normal growth of the plants.
(8) Flower picking: picking by adopting a manual or mechanical mode. The economic flowers of the Compositae are mainly picked manually.
Example 3
A flower planting industrialization method for karst hilly areas, comprising the following steps:
(1) Selecting and establishing a garden: in Guangxi Pingguo city, the temperature, soil and local climate environment are all suitable for karst hilly areas, 50 mu of residential areas are selected, flower planting garden fields are built, water and fertilizer integrated facilities are built in the garden fields, tourists picking-ornamental-leisure ornamental roads from the cash crop picking area to the flower ornamental area to the residential areas are built, and the road design is based on the original roads; the water and fertilizer integrated facility is to build a reservoir, a water and fertilizer pool and a micro-spray irrigation system in the flower planting area; wherein, a reservoir with water capacity of 1 cubic meter is arranged in each mu for collecting rainwater or groundwater; a water and fertilizer pond with the water and fertilizer capacity of 0.5 cubic is arranged in each mu and is used for storing water and fertilizer; the micro-spray irrigation system mainly comprises a main pipe, a branch pipe and a micro-spray head.
(2) Selecting a planting area: by investigating the conditions of bare rock depression in the field, analyzing the availability of bare rock and stone walls in the field refers to analyzing the height of the stone walls, the weight of the flowers which can be carried and the specific planting density, selecting the depression with certain soil nutrients and the stone walls around the economic crops as the planting areas of the flowers, and planning the total area.
(3) Selecting flower varieties: selecting flower plants with high ornamental value and strong tolerance of the goldfish grass, the coreopsis tinctoria and the zinnia as flower varieties of bare rock depressions; selecting rock flower plants such as dendrobium devonianum, dendrobium globosum and the like which grow in a climbing manner as flower varieties on the surfaces of bare rocks and stone walls;
(4) Preparing a growth substrate: preparing different growth matrixes according to different flower varieties; wherein, the matrix suitable for the flower varieties in bare rock depressions comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of an organic matrix composition, 40 parts of an inorganic matrix composition and 2 parts of a botanical drug; wherein the organic matrix composition is formed by mixing 20 parts of fine bark, 15 parts of sugarcane scraps, 15 parts of fermented cow dung and 20 parts of sphagna; the inorganic matrix composition is formed by mixing 20 parts of peat and 10 parts of vermiculite; the botanical drug is formed by mixing 0.7 part of carbendazim, 0.5 part of thiophanate methyl, 0.4 part of zinc sulfate, 0.4 part of iron chelator and 0.01 part of gibberellin; the preparation method of the matrix suitable for the bare rock depression flower varieties comprises the following steps: according to the weight portions, peat with the porosity (v/v) of 76-77%, fine bark with the diameter of 3-4mm, sugarcane scraps, fermented cow dung and small-grain vermiculite with the diameter of 2-5mm are uniformly mixed, then placed for more than 12 hours at normal temperature to obtain a mixture, and after dried sphagnum moss is cut into small blocks, the small blocks are uniformly mixed with plant medicines and the mixture to obtain the matrix; in addition, 660Kg of urea, calcium superphosphate and other inorganic fertilizers with higher nitrogen and phosphorus content can be added into the fertilizer per 100 mu during the preparation.
The matrix suitable for the flower varieties on the surface of bare rock and stone walls comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of an organic matrix composition, 42 parts of an inorganic matrix composition and 5 parts of a botanical drug; wherein the organic matrix composition is formed by mixing 15 parts of sugarcane chips, 10 parts of fermented cow dung and 30 parts of sphagnum moss; the inorganic matrix is formed by mixing 20 parts of peat and 20 parts of vermiculite; the plant medicine is formed by mixing 2 parts of broad bean powder, 2 parts of rapeseed powder, 0.1 part of ferrous sulfate and 0.02 part of borax; the preparation method of the matrix suitable for the flower varieties on the surface of bare rock and stone walls comprises the following steps: according to the weight portions, the sugarcane scraps, the fermented cow dung, peat with the porosity (v/v) of 76-77% and vermiculite with the grain size of 2-5mm are uniformly mixed, then placed for more than 12 hours at normal temperature, then uniformly mixed with the plant medicines to obtain a mixed matrix, the dried sphagnum moss is cut into small pieces and placed at the bottom of a non-woven fabric bag, and the mixed matrix is placed on the non-woven fabric bag to obtain the matrix. In addition, 185Kg of compound fertilizer or inorganic fertilizer such as nitrogen fertilizer, phosphoric acid fertilizer and the like such as ammonium nitrate, diammonium phosphate and the like can be added into the fertilizer per 100 mu during the preparation.
The water absorption and the water holding time of the matrix are respectively as follows: water moss (water absorption capacity is 15 times of the water moss, water holding time is about 7 days), peat (water absorption capacity is 8.5 times of the weight of the water moss, water holding time is about 7 days), fermented cow dung (water absorption capacity is 2 times of the weight of the water moss, water holding time is different from a few days to a week), vermiculite (water absorption capacity is 600L of water absorbed by every cubic meter of vermiculite, water holding time is 4 days), bark (water absorption capacity is 65%, water holding time is 2.5 days), sugarcane chips (water absorption capacity is 80%, water holding time is 6 days).
(5) Flower planting: planting in the period of more precipitation in the middle of 3 months; the planting mode of the bare rock and the stone wall surface area is a planting mode of combining a nylon net bag with a non-woven fabric bag;
the planting method of the bare rock depression area is pit planting: starting planting in the period of more precipitation in the middle of 3 months, cleaning weeds and sundries on the surface of bare rock depressions, deep ploughing soil, reducing soil hardening, and loosening, ventilating and retaining water of the soil; digging holes according to the specification of 30cm spacing, 15cm depth and 10cm circumference; filling the non-woven fabric bag with the matrix suitable for the bare rock depression flower varieties, wherein the weight of the matrix is 50 g/bag; placing the non-woven fabric bag containing the matrix into the dug soil hole, and covering and tamping with surrounding soil; sowing on the substrate, wherein 6 seeds suitable for bare rock depression flower varieties are sown in each hole, and the planting density is 7160 holes/mu; compacting; watering, namely watering for 1 time every week, and keeping soil moist but not accumulating water;
Soaking treatment before sowing: soaking seeds in warm water for a period of time, softening hard shell on the surfaces of the seeds, promoting water absorption and germination of the seeds, and treating the surfaces of the seeds with dilute sulfuric acid to remove colloid on the surfaces and improve water absorption and germination rate of the seeds.
The planting method of the bare rock and stone wall surface area comprises the following steps: cleaning a stone wall, flattening the stone wall, reserving original vegetation, paving a nylon net bag on the stone wall, fixing the nylon Long Wangdou on the stone wall by rivets, and ensuring that the net bag and the stone wall can be closely contacted; filling the non-woven fabric bag with the matrix suitable for the bare rock and the flower varieties on the stone wall surface, wherein the weight of the matrix is 45 g/bag; placing a non-woven fabric bag containing a matrix into the nylon net bag; planting seedlings suitable for bare rock and stone wall surface flower varieties in cloth bags containing matrixes, placing one seedling in each cloth bag, wherein the plant spacing is 40cm, the density is 4000 plants/mu, and compacting; spraying neutral or slightly acidic water on stone wall, watering for 1 time per week, and keeping soil moist but not accumulating water.
The diameter of the non-woven fabric bag is 6cm, the height is 12cm, and the volume of the non-woven fabric bag is 310cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The aperture size of the nylon net bag is 7cm, and the depth of the net bag is 12cm.
(6) And (3) fertilization: applying fertilizer in the growing season of 3 months to 10 months, applying compound fertilizer once every month, wherein the application amount is 19 Kg/mu, dissolving the compound fertilizer in a water and fertilizer pool according to the fertilizer-water ratio of 1:80, and then spraying by using a micro-spray irrigation system, wherein the spraying time is early morning or evening;
Wherein, the growth initial stage of the asteraceae plant: 15Kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of area, the compound fertilizer is dissolved in water according to the proportion of 1:100, and fertilization is carried out by utilizing a micro-spray irrigation system, so that the compound fertilizer is used in a growing period: applying 20Kg of compound fertilizer per mu of area, dissolving the compound fertilizer in water according to the proportion of 1:50, and applying fertilizer by using a micro-spray irrigation system to bloom: and applying 25Kg of compound fertilizer per mu of area, dissolving the compound fertilizer in water according to the proportion of 1:20, and applying fertilizer by using a micro-spray irrigation system.
The dendrobium plants need to be sprayed with monopotassium phosphate and liquid fertilizer with certain concentration in the growth stage to promote growth, 30Kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of area, the compound fertilizer is dissolved in water according to the proportion of 1:100, and the compound fertilizer is sprayed by a micro-spray irrigation system, and one-day morning and evening spraying is selected in each month
(7) And (3) managing and protecting: watering for 1 time every week in the growing season, and keeping the soil moist but not accumulating water. In the early stage of flower growth, the weeds in the park are required to be pulled out by adopting a manual removal mode; in the later growth stage, weeding work can be timely performed to avoid weed growth and nutrient competition.
In the full-open period of 7-10 months, inorganic fertilizer with high phosphorus content such as diammonium phosphate and the like should be applied instead, and the post-crop topdressing is performed to promote flowering of flowers.
In the growth topdressing stage, the problems of plant diseases and insect pests on the flower plants are discovered and treated in time, and certain fungicides and organic pesticides are applied to avoid affecting the normal growth of the plants.
(8) Flower picking: picking by adopting a manual or mechanical mode. The economic flowers of the Compositae are mainly picked manually.
Comparative example 1: in the Guangxi Pingguo city, the temperature, soil and local climate environment are all suitable for karst hilly areas, 1 mu of main cash crop planting areas and residential areas are selected, flower planting garden areas are established, marigold, goldfish and Persium are selected to be planted in bare rock depression areas in the same way as in the embodiment 1, dendrobium papyriferum, dendrobium globosum and dendrobium dentatum are planted in bare rock and stone walls, the same water and fertilizer integrated management system as in the embodiment 1 is adopted, watering and fertilizing are carried out according to the embodiment 1, and the difference from the embodiment 1 is that the matrix proportion of flowers planted in the bare rock areas is according to the traditional matrix proportion; namely 40 parts of peat, 40 parts of leaf-rotting soil and 20 parts of perlite. The same planting method as the embodiment is adopted, and the survival rate of flowers is counted after planting.
Comparative example 2: in Guangxi Pingguo city, the temperature, soil and local climate are all suitable for karst hilly areas, 1 mu of main cash crop planting areas and residential areas are selected, flower planting garden areas are established, marigold, goldfish and Persium are selected to be planted in bare rock depression areas in the same way as in example 1, dendrobium papyriferum, dendrobium globosum and dendrobium dentatum are planted in bare rock and stone walls in the same growth matrix proportion as in example 1, and are planted, and the method is different from example 1 in that a water and fertilizer integrated system is not established, later fertilization management and protection are carried out through manual irrigation and conventional fertilizers, and flower survival rates are counted in the season of flower harvesting.
Comparative example 3: in Guangxi Pingguo city, the temperature, soil and local climate environment are all suitable for karst hilly areas, 1 mu of main cash crop planting areas and residential areas are selected, flower planting fields are established, the same growth matrix proportion, the same planting environment and planting method, the same post fertilization and management and protection are carried out as in the embodiment 1, and unlike the embodiment 1, purple cone flowers are planted in bare rock depression areas, and the survival rate of flowers is counted after planting.
Comparative example 4: in Guangxi Pingguo city, the temperature, soil and local climate are all suitable for karst hilly areas, 1 mu of main cash crop planting areas and residential areas are selected, flower planting fields are established, the same growth matrix proportion, the same planting environment and planting method, the same post fertilization and management and protection are carried out as in example 1, and the difference from example 1 is that the planting of the purple mallow on stone walls and steep bare rock is carried out, and the survival rate of flowers is counted after the planting.
Tables 1 and 2 show survival rate statistics of specific examples, and survival rates of growth substrates and water and fertilizer management using scientific ratios.
Table 1 survival rates of flowers planted in bare rock depression areas of examples and comparative examples
Table 2 survival rates of flowers planted on bare rock and stone wall surfaces of examples and comparative examples
Table 1 table 2 data shows: the invention scientifically screens flower varieties, and the selected goldfish grass, marigold, coreopsis tinctoria, zinnia cerealis, dendrobium nobile and dendrobium globosum have high ornamental value, and can be successfully planted in large scale in karst hilly areas with difficulty under the substrate and scientific management of the invention. Meanwhile, in the growth matrix, the raw materials are matched to promote the growth of root systems of flowers and accelerate the setting of values, so that the survival rate of the flowers is effectively improved, the high-quality growth of the flowers is ensured to the greatest extent, and the industrialized development is realized.
Therefore, the invention can successfully plant flowers on a large scale around resident residential areas in karst hilly areas and other areas where cash crops are planted, such as stone walls, bare rock depressions and the like, and provides a composite economic mode integrating ornamental, picking and tourism, thereby promoting the development of tourism industry, increasing local income and making difficult to obtain high-efficiency and sustainable utilization.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should be included in the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The flower planting industrialization method for the karst hilly area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Selecting and establishing a garden: selecting a main cash crop planting area of 50-100 mu and a residential area in a karst hilly area, establishing a flower planting garden, establishing a water and fertilizer integrated facility in the garden, and constructing tourist picking-ornamental-leisure ornamental roads from the cash crop picking area to the flower ornamental area to the residential area;
(2) Selecting a planting area: analyzing the availability of bare rocks and stone walls in the garden by investigating the conditions of bare rock depression environment in the garden, and selecting stone walls around the planting area of the garden and bare rock depressions around the resident living area as planting areas of flowers;
(3) Selecting flower varieties: selecting a flower plant with high ornamental value and strong tolerance as a flower variety of bare rock depressions; selecting rock flower plants growing on climbing as flower varieties on bare rock and stone wall surfaces;
(4) Preparing a growth substrate: preparing different growth matrixes according to different flower varieties; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the matrix suitable for the bare rock depression flower varieties comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of an organic matrix composition, 35-45 parts of an inorganic matrix composition and 1-5 parts of a botanical drug; wherein the organic matrix composition comprises 10-20 parts of fine bark, 10-15 parts of sugarcane chips, 10-15 parts of fermented cow dung and 15-20 parts of sphagna; the inorganic matrix composition is formed by mixing 10-20 parts of peat and 5-10 parts of vermiculite; the botanical drug is formed by mixing 0.1-0.7 part of carbendazim, 0.1-0.5 part of thiophanate methyl, 0.1-0.4 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.4 part of iron chelating agent and 0.01-0.05 part of gibberellin;
The matrix suitable for the flower varieties on the surface of bare rock and stone walls comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-55 parts of organic matrix composition, 40-45 parts of inorganic matrix composition and 1-5 parts of plant medicine; wherein the organic matrix composition is formed by mixing 10-15 parts of sugarcane scraps, 5-10 parts of fermented cow dung and 10-30 parts of sphagna; the inorganic matrix is formed by mixing 10-20 parts of peat and 10-20 parts of vermiculite; the plant medicine is prepared by mixing 1-5 parts of broad bean powder, 1-5 parts of rapeseed powder, 0.1-0.5 part of ferrous sulfate and 0.01-0.02 part of borax;
(5) Flower planting: planting is started in 3-4 months; the planting method of the bare rock depression area is pit planting; the planting mode of the bare rock and the stone wall surface area is a planting mode of combining a nylon net bag with a non-woven fabric bag;
(6) Fertilizing and managing;
(7) Flower picking: picking by adopting a manual or mechanical mode.
2. A method of industrialization of flower planting in a karst hilly area according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the integrated water and fertilizer facility includes a reservoir, a water and fertilizer pond, and a micro-spray irrigation system built in the flower planting area; wherein, a reservoir with water capacity of 1 cubic meter is arranged in each mu; a water and fertilizer pond with the water and fertilizer capacity of 0.5 cubic is arranged in each mu; the micro-spray irrigation system mainly comprises a main pipe, a branch pipe and a micro-spray head, and is connected with a reservoir and a water and fertilizer pool.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the analysis of bare rock and stone wall availability in the garden refers to the analysis of stone wall height, flower weight and planting density.
4. The method for the industrialization of flower planting in a karst hilly area according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the flower plants having high ornamental value and strong tolerance include one or more of goldfish, marigold, bust and zinnia; the rock flower plants growing in a climbing manner comprise one or more than two of dendrobium devonianum, dendrobium huoshanense and dendrobium globosum.
5. The method for flower planting industrialization in a karst hilly area according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4),
the matrix suitable for the bare rock depression flower varieties comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of an organic matrix composition, 35-45 parts of an inorganic matrix composition and 1-5 parts of a botanical drug; wherein the organic matrix composition comprises 10-20 parts of fine bark, 10-15 parts of sugarcane chips, 10-15 parts of fermented cow dung and 15-20 parts of sphagna; the inorganic matrix composition is formed by mixing 10-20 parts of peat and 5-10 parts of vermiculite; the botanical drug is formed by mixing 0.1-0.7 part of carbendazim, 0.1-0.5 part of thiophanate methyl, 0.1-0.4 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.4 part of iron chelating agent and 0.01-0.05 part of gibberellin;
The matrix suitable for the flower varieties on the surface of bare rock and stone walls comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-55 parts of organic matrix composition, 40-45 parts of inorganic matrix composition and 1-5 parts of plant medicine; wherein the organic matrix composition is formed by mixing 10-15 parts of sugarcane scraps, 5-10 parts of fermented cow dung and 10-30 parts of sphagna; the inorganic matrix is formed by mixing 10-20 parts of peat and 10-20 parts of vermiculite; the plant medicine is prepared by mixing 1-5 parts of broad bean powder, 1-5 parts of rapeseed powder, 0.1-0.5 part of ferrous sulfate and 0.01-0.02 part of borax.
6. The method for flower planting industrialization in a karst hilly area according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4),
the preparation method of the matrix suitable for the bare rock depression flower varieties comprises the following steps: according to the weight portions, peat with the porosity (v/v) of 76-77%, fine bark with the diameter of 3-4mm, sugarcane scraps, fermented cow dung and small-grain vermiculite with the diameter of 2-5mm are uniformly mixed, then placed for more than 12 hours at normal temperature to obtain a mixture, and after dried sphagnum moss is cut into small blocks, the small blocks are uniformly mixed with plant medicines and the mixture to obtain the matrix;
the preparation method of the matrix suitable for the flower varieties on the surface of bare rock and stone walls comprises the following steps: according to the weight portions, the sugarcane scraps, the fermented cow dung, peat with the porosity (v/v) of 76-77% and vermiculite with the grain size of 2-5mm are uniformly mixed, then placed for more than 12 hours at normal temperature, then uniformly mixed with the plant medicines to obtain a mixed matrix, the dried sphagnum moss is cut into small pieces and placed at the bottom of a non-woven fabric bag, and the mixed matrix is placed on the non-woven fabric bag to obtain the matrix.
7. The method for flower planting industrialization in a karst hilly area according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5),
the planting method of the bare rock depression area comprises the following steps: cleaning weeds and sundries on the surface of bare rock depressions; digging holes according to the specification of 20-35cm spacing, 10-20cm depth and 5-15cm circumference; filling the non-woven fabric bag with the matrix suitable for the bare rock depression flower varieties, wherein the weight of the matrix is 50 g/bag; placing the non-woven fabric bag containing the matrix into the dug soil hole, and covering and tamping with surrounding soil; sowing 5-7 seeds suitable for bare rock depression flower varieties in each hole, wherein the planting density is 7000-7260 holes/mu; compacting; watering for 1-2 times every week;
the planting method of the bare rock and stone wall surface area comprises the following steps: cleaning a stone wall, flattening the stone wall, reserving original vegetation, paving a nylon net bag on the stone wall, and fixing the nylon Long Wangdou on the stone wall by rivets; filling the non-woven fabric bag with the matrix suitable for the bare rock and the flower varieties on the stone wall surface, wherein the weight of the matrix is 45 g/bag; placing a non-woven fabric bag containing a matrix into the nylon net bag; planting seedlings suitable for bare rock and stone wall surface flower varieties in cloth bags containing matrixes, placing one seedling in each cloth bag, wherein the plant spacing is 30-45cm, and the density is 4000-4100 plants/mu, and compacting; spraying neutral or slightly acidic water on stone wall, and watering for 1-2 times per week.
8. The method for flower planting industrialization in karst hilly areas according to claim 1, wherein the nylon net bag has a pore size of 6-8cm and a net bag depth of 10-15cm.
9. The method for flower planting industrialization in karst hilly area according to claim 1, wherein the nonwoven fabric bag has a diameter of 6-8cm and a height of 10-12cm, and the nonwoven fabric bag has a volume of 250-310cm 3 。
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the fertilization and management are performed in a growth season of 3 to 10 months, the compound fertilizer is applied once every month, the application amount is 15 to 40 Kg/mu, the compound fertilizer is dissolved in water according to a fertilizer-water ratio of 1:20 to 100, and then the compound fertilizer is sprayed, and watering is performed 1 to 2 times per week in the growth season.
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