CN116570590A - 一种hdac6抑制剂在奶牛乳房炎中的应用 - Google Patents
一种hdac6抑制剂在奶牛乳房炎中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种HDAC6抑制剂在奶牛乳房炎中的应用。该抑制剂通过靶向抑制HDAC6活性从而显著改善金黄色葡萄球菌诱导的牛乳腺上皮细胞炎性因子大量分泌,以及减轻牛乳腺上皮细胞焦亡。此外,在金黄色葡萄球菌性乳房炎模型中,HDAC6抑制剂也能够减少炎性因子分泌和炎性细胞浸润,减轻乳腺上皮细胞焦亡,从而减轻感染引起的组织炎性损伤。本发明为治疗或预防细菌感染引起的奶牛乳房炎提供了新思路。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及HDAC6抑制剂在细菌感染引起的乳房炎中的干预作用及其应用。
背景技术
奶牛乳房炎是奶牛乳腺系统的一种炎症反应,症状包括乳腺水肿、乳腺肺泡损伤和炎性细胞浸润。哺乳期间乳腺组织发育和重塑,易遭受细菌感染,其中金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,S.aureus)是最常见的诊断细菌之一(Hassel C,Gausserès B,Guzylack-Piriou L,Foucras G.Ductal Macrophages Predominate in the ImmuneLandscape of the Lactating Mammary Gland.Front Immunol.2021Oct 20;12:754-661.)。金黄色葡萄球菌可引起急性和临床乳房炎,乳汁肉眼可见改变;也可演变为慢性和亚临床乳房炎,没有乳汁肉眼可见改变,但乳腺中体细胞数量和细菌持久性增高。乳房炎的发生极大制约了奶牛业的经济效益。目前,抗生素作为治疗和预防乳房炎的主要手段,虽能够有效的杀灭致病菌,但是会造成严重的耐药性、破坏奶牛乳腺菌群平衡,并且其既无法抑制病原体残留的内毒素引起的剧烈炎症反应,也无法修复乳腺组织损伤。所以目前亟待毒副作用小、残留少、耐药性低,且具有显著抗炎作用的药物的出现。
组蛋白去乙酰化酶6(Histone deacetylase 6,HDAC6)是主要定位于细胞质的IIb类HDACs成员,与其他核定位的HDAC成员不同,HDAC6是一种对非组蛋白底物具有去乙酰化酶活性且定位于细胞质中的重要调控分子,α-微管蛋白(α-tubulin)是其内源性底物。HDAC6通过去乙酰化α-tubulin、皮质激素和HSP90调节细胞迁移、趋化和自噬。有证据表明,抑制HDAC6可减轻炎症:例如通过诱导α-tubulin乙酰化,HDAC6抑制剂Tubastatin A对LPS刺激表现出抗炎作用(Vishwakarma S,Iyer LR,Muley M,Singh PK,Shastry A,Saxena A,Kulathingal J,Vijaykanth G,Raghul J,Rajesh N et al:Tubastatin,a selectivehistone deacetylase 6inhibitor shows anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumaticeffects.Int Immunopharmacol 2013,16(1):72-78.);HDAC6的缺失可增加小鼠对LPS诱导的败血症的耐受反应(Chattopadhyay S,Fensterl V,Zhang Y,Veleeparambil M,WetzelJL,Sen GC:Inhibition of viral pathogenesis and promotion of the septic shockresponse to bacterial infection by IRF-3are regulated by the acetylation andphosphorylation of its coactivators.mBio 2013,4(2).)。但在已报道的应用,如中国专利CN114732908A等中,抑制HDAC6对病原菌诱导的乳房炎的作用及其潜在机制尚未阐明。
另外,由于在乳房炎期间大量分泌的炎性因子,如白细胞介素1(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)会进一步扩大炎症反应,最后炎症的加剧导致乳腺组织炎性损伤。因此,选择抗炎药物可能成为防治奶牛乳房炎的主要手段。但目前临床上抗炎作用较强的激素类抗炎药物存在副作用等安全性上的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供HDAC6抑制剂在奶牛乳房炎中的应用。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用了以下技术方案:
本发明通过向牛乳腺上皮细胞(BMECs)中接种1×108CFU金黄色葡萄球菌,体外构建感染模型。在细菌感染24h后给予不同剂量的Tubastatin A,24h后提取收集RNA及蛋白。通过激光共聚焦、Western Blot检测HDAC6底物α-Tubulin乙酰化水平,明确Tubastatin A对HDAC6酶活性的抑制;检测HDAC6抑制剂Tubastatin A对金黄色葡萄球菌诱导的BMECsLDH释放以及炎性因子分泌的调控作用,检测HDAC6抑制剂Tubastatin A对金黄色葡萄球菌诱导的BMECs细胞焦亡的调控作用。结果表明,给予HDAC6抑制剂(例如Tubastatin A等选择性HDAC6抑制剂,靶向抑制HDAC6去乙酰化酶活性)的BMECs在感染金黄色葡萄球菌的情况下炎性因子分泌减少、细胞焦亡缓解,并且是通过靶向HDAC6活性实现的。
本发明还通过C57BL/6J野生型小鼠乳腺导管注射1×105CFU金黄色葡萄球菌,构建小鼠乳房炎模型。在细菌感染24h后给予Tubastatin A,观察记录不同组染菌小鼠临床症状,24h后取不同组染菌小鼠的乳腺组织,制作石蜡切片后观察组织病理变化,ELISA检测炎性因子分泌,Western Blot检测焦亡相关蛋白表达,流式细胞术检测乳腺组织中巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞数目及比例变化。结果表明,给予HDAC6抑制剂(例如Tubastatin A等选择性HDAC6抑制剂,靶向抑制HDAC6去乙酰化酶活性)的乳房炎小鼠与给予对照溶剂的乳房炎小鼠相比,炎性因子分泌减少、炎性细胞浸润减轻,细胞焦亡减轻,组织炎性损伤明显改善。
本发明的有益效果体现在:
本发明采用Tubastatin A作为特异性的HDAC6抑制剂,在致病菌(例如金黄色葡萄球菌)刺激的情况下可以减少BMECs炎性因子分泌和缓解BMECs细胞焦亡;本发明采用HDAC6抑制剂在乳房炎机体炎症反应平衡失调中进行了有效干预,可以减轻炎性细胞浸润及乳腺上皮细胞焦亡,从而明显改善组织炎性损伤。本发明为临床上奶牛乳房炎的预防及治疗提供新思路,并为奶牛乳房炎的防治药物的开发提供了依据。
进一步,本发明通过体内外构建的模型,发现了HDAC6在金黄色葡萄球菌诱发的乳房炎中的作用,阐明了抑制HDAC6对乳房炎的作用及其潜在机制(例如Tubastatin A减轻乳腺上皮细胞焦亡、减少其炎性因子分泌),为药物治疗乳腺组织炎性损伤提供了潜在的途径。
附图说明
图1为Tubastatin A对金黄色葡萄球菌感染BMECs中HDAC6活性的影响;其中(A)为BMECs Acetyl-α-tubulin的免疫荧光化学检测(反映HDAC6去乙酰化酶活性的变化,比例尺:10μM),(B)为各组细胞裂解液中HDAC6、Acetyl-α-tubulin的免疫印迹(Western Blot),◢表示感染干预组Tubastatin A浓度逐渐增大(2.5μM、5μM、10μM)。
图2为Tubastatin A对金黄色葡萄球菌感染的BMECs炎性因子分泌的影响;其中(A)为CCK8检测不同剂量Tubastatin A对BMECs的细胞毒性,(B)、(C)、(D)为ELISA检测炎性因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α分泌水平,&表示相对于不加Tubastatin A的对照组p<0.05,*表示相对于BMECs对照组p<0.05,**表示相对于BMECs对照组p<0.01,#表示相对于给予DMSO的感染组p<0.05,##表示相对于给予DMSO的感染组p<0.01。
图3为Tubastatin A对金黄色葡萄球菌感染诱导的BMECs细胞焦亡的影响;其中(A)为LDH释放水平,(B)为Caspase-1p20、GSDMD-N、IL-1β、NLRP3的免疫印迹,**表示相对于BMECs对照组p<0.01,##表示相对于给予DMSO的感染组p<0.01。
图4为Tubastatin A对乳房炎小鼠乳腺组织病理变化的影响(比例尺:100μM)。
图5为Tubastatin A对乳房炎小鼠乳腺组织LDH释放、MPO活性及炎性因子分泌的影响;其中(A)为LDH释放水平,(B)为MPO活性水平,(C)为ELISA检测炎性因子IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β分泌水平,*表示相对于健康对照组(或未感染溶剂对照)小鼠p<0.05,**表示相对于健康对照组(或未感染溶剂对照)小鼠p<0.01,#表示相对于给予DMSO的感染组小鼠p<0.05,##表示相对于给予DMSO的感染组小鼠p<0.01。
图6为Tubastatin A对乳房炎小鼠乳腺组织中HDAC6、Acetyl-α-tubulin、GSDMD-N表达水平的影响。
图7为Tubastatin A对乳房炎小鼠乳腺组织中炎性细胞浸润的影响;其中(A)为感染金黄色葡萄球菌后小鼠乳腺组织巨噬细胞(CD11b+F4/80+)数目和比例的变化情况,(B)为感染金黄色葡萄球菌后小鼠乳腺组织中性粒细胞(CD11b+Ly6G+)数目和比例的变化情况,**表示p<0.01。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明。所述实施例仅用于解释本发明,而不是对本发明保护范围的限制。
本发明首先通过对牛乳腺上皮细胞(BMECs)接种1×108CFU金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)构建体外乳房炎模型。在感染24h后给予HDAC6抑制剂(例如特异性的HDAC6抑制剂Tubastatin A,简称Tub A)干预,ELISA检测BMECs炎性因子分泌情况,Western Blot测定细胞裂解物中Caspase-1剪切及GSDMD切割情况。之后小鼠乳腺导管注射1×105CFU金黄色葡萄球菌,构建小鼠乳房炎模型,在感染24h后给予HDAC6抑制剂(例如Tubastatin A)干预,观察乳腺组织病理变化,检测其LDH释放水平及MPO活性,同时ELISA检测小鼠乳腺组织中IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α分泌情况,Western Blot检测GSDMD切割情况,流式细胞术检测小鼠乳腺组织中巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞比例及数目变化。上述金黄色葡萄球菌采用分离株(经过生理生化、16S rDNA基因扩增及基因进化树分析鉴定为致病性金黄色葡萄球菌)。具体说明如下。
(一)CCK-8检测细胞毒性
将生长期牛乳腺上皮细胞接种至96孔板,加入含Tubastatin A(0.1μM、1μM、5μM、10μM、20μM)的生长培养液,置于37℃细胞培养箱中培养24h,向96孔板的每个孔中加入10%体积的CCK-8检测液,轻轻摇晃至液体混匀,放入细胞培养箱中孵育1-4h,使用酶标仪检测各孔内液体在450nm处的吸光度。
结果显示,与加入了不含Tubastatin A的生长培养液的对照组相比,添加Tubastatin A(0.1μM、1μM、5μM、10μM)的处理组均对牛乳腺上皮细胞活力无显著影响(图2A)。
(二)牛乳腺上皮细胞感染模型的建立及分组
BMECs培养于DMEM/F12培养基中;将已鉴定的灭活(70℃水浴处理30min)金黄色葡萄球菌用DMEM/F12培养基重悬备用。
上述DMEM/F12培养基含10%FBS、5mg/L牛胰岛素、5mg/L氢化可的松、10ng/mL表皮生长因子,以及1%青霉素-链霉素(100IU/mL青霉素+100μg/mL链霉素)。
将BMECs接种于六孔板中,进行如下分组处理:BMECs对照组(Ctrl,即空白对照);给予BMECs Tubastatin A(未感染抑制剂对照)或等体积的DMSO(未感染溶剂对照);在金黄色葡萄球菌刺激(浓度达到1×108CFU,建立感染模型)24h后,用不同浓度(2.5μM、5μM、10μM)的Tubastatin A或等体积DMSO处理BMECs 24h(Tubastatin A感染干预组或给予DMSO的感染组)。
(三)免疫荧光化学及Western Blot检测α-tubulin乙酰化水平
将培养至生长期的BMECs铺于24孔细胞培养板中的细胞爬片上,待细胞贴壁后给予如(二)中的分组处理。
用PBS清洗处理后的各组细胞爬片1-2次,每次静置5min,随后加入2%多聚甲醛室温固定30-60min,再次清洗3次,然后使用0.1%Triton X-100室温透膜15-20min,清洗3次。再用2%BSA封闭液37℃封闭1h,随后每个孔加入1:500稀释的Acetyl-α-tubulin 200μL,4℃过夜孵育。次日清洗3次,再加入200μL 1:1000稀释的荧光二抗,37℃避光孵育1h(后续操作均需避光),PBS清洗3次,最后加入200μL DAPI染色液对细胞核进行染色,37℃避光孵育5min,清洗3次,最后滴加防荧光淬灭剂进行封片。在超净工作台中风干20min左右,激光共聚焦显微镜观察。
另收集各组处理后的细胞,用蛋白提取液(RIPA裂解液)抽提总蛋白,加入蛋白酶抑制剂(PMSF,RIPA:PMSF=10:1),按试剂盒说明书操作,吸取上清进行BCA蛋白定量测定。之后,进行SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳:首先配制8%或12%分离胶和5%浓缩胶,按照预先分组将蛋白样品分别向各泳道中加入,上样量为20~40μg;加样完毕后进行电泳,浓缩胶阶段电压90V、40min,待样品被压缩呈一直线状并进入分离胶部分时,调整电压至120V,待样品带完全移动至底部边缘时停止电泳,准备转印蛋白。根据彩色Marker指示把目标蛋白的大小区域选定,确定大小后将凝胶切割至适当大小。切割好的凝胶块移动至转膜缓冲液中备用,按凝胶块大小剪裁PVDF膜和超厚滤纸。按以下顺序进行凝胶的安置:负极—黑纤—滤纸—胶—PVDF膜—滤纸—白纤—正极,注意除尽每一层之间的气泡。转印时采用恒流220mA,根据转印蛋白的大小设置时间的长短。转膜结束后将PVDF膜浸泡于5%脱脂奶粉中封闭2h,封闭后于一抗中4℃过夜孵育,次日,PBST液中清洗5次,每次5min,再将PVDF膜在二抗中室温孵育1-2h,清洗5次。最后在PVDF膜上滴加ECL发光液并涂抹均匀,反应1-2min,暗室曝光显影,结束后将胶片扫描拍照备用。
结果显示,金黄色葡萄球菌刺激使BMECs中α-tubulin乙酰化水平降低,反映HDAC6去乙酰化酶活性的增强,而Tubastatin A处理减弱了这一现象(图1A),Western Blot结果与此一致,然而Tubastatin A仅抑制了HDCA6的去乙酰化酶活性,并不影响其蛋白表达水平(图1B)。
(四)ELISA检测炎性因子分泌水平
收集(二)中各组细胞培养上清,每个收集的样品设置三个重复。按试剂盒说明书进行操作:对于标准曲线孔,加入100μL各标准品(IL-6、IL-1β或TNF-α标准品)稀释液,对于样品孔,加入100μL稀释好的样品;加上封板膜,37℃孵育1.5h;甩去孔中溶液,吸取至少300μL 1×洗涤缓冲液进行洗涤,共计4次;之后,将孔内液体吸干净,倒扣,用纸巾吸干;在每孔中加入生物素标记物(100μL),37℃培养1h,弃掉溶液,洗涤4次;在每个孔中加入100μL链霉亲和素-辣根过氧化物酶溶液(HRP),37℃孵育30min,弃掉溶液,再清洗4次;向每个孔中加入100μL TMB底物(已37℃预平衡),观察到孔底变蓝,37℃避光孵育30min,向每个孔中加入50μL终止液,轻轻拍打板子侧面使溶液混合,此时蓝色立转黄色。用酶标仪在450nm测定OD值,分析并计算所测样品的炎性因子含量。
结果显示,与BMECs对照组相比,给予DMSO的感染组中BMECs炎性因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α分泌显著增强,而在Tubastatin A感染干预组中,炎性因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的分泌显著低于给予DMSO的感染组,且Tubastatin A剂量越高,炎性因子分泌越少(图2B、图2C、图2D)。
(五)检测牛乳腺上皮细胞LDH释放情况
细胞膜结构的破坏会导致细胞浆内的酶释放到培养液中,其中包括酶活性较为稳定的乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)。
将培养至生长期的BMECs接种至24孔板中,除设置(二)中各组外,还设置阳性对照孔,待各孔细胞贴壁后密度达到70%左右时给予处理,阳性对照孔与上述BMECs对照组的处理相同。
使用LDH试剂盒检测LDH释放情况:对阳性对照孔,首先加入10%体积的阳性裂解液,1h后取120μL上清转入96微孔板中,与60μL LDH工作液(由等体积1×INT、乳酸溶液与酶溶液配制)室温避光孵育30min,用酶标仪检测在490nm的吸光度。对于如(二)中各组处理的孔,取细胞培养上清,转入96微孔板中,与60μL LDH工作液室温避光孵育30min,用酶标仪检测在490nm的吸光度。
之后参照阳性对照孔(设为100%)计算其他各处理孔内样本LDH水平:
LDH释放(%)=(样品处理孔OD值-培养基对照OD值)/(细胞最大酶活性阳性孔OD值-培养基对照OD值)×100%
结果显示,与BMECs对照组相比,给予DMSO的感染组中金黄色葡萄球菌感染诱导大量细胞焦亡,表现为LDH释放显著增加,而在Tubastatin A感染干预组中,LDH释放显著低于给予DMSO的感染组,且呈剂量依赖(图3A)。
(六)Western Blot检测细胞焦亡相关蛋白表达情况
另收集(五)中各孔细胞,用蛋白提取液(RIPA裂解液)抽提总蛋白,加入蛋白酶抑制剂(PMSF,RIPA:PMSF=10:1),按试剂盒说明书操作,吸取上清进行BCA蛋白定量测定。之后,进行SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳:首先配制8%或12%分离胶和5%浓缩胶,按照预先分组将蛋白样品分别向各泳道中加入,上样量为20~40μg;加样完毕后进行电泳,浓缩胶阶段电压90V、40min,待样品被压缩呈一直线状并进入分离胶部分时,调整电压至120V,待样品带完全移动至底部边缘时停止电泳,准备转印蛋白。根据彩色Marker指示把目标蛋白的大小区域选定,确定大小后将凝胶切割至适当大小。切割好的凝胶块移动至转膜缓冲液中备用,按凝胶块大小剪裁PVDF膜和超厚滤纸。按以下顺序进行凝胶的安置:负极—黑纤—滤纸—胶—PVDF膜—滤纸—白纤—正极,注意除尽每一层之间的气泡。转印时采用恒流220mA,根据转印蛋白的大小设置时间的长短。转膜结束后将PVDF膜浸泡于5%脱脂奶粉中封闭2h,封闭后于一抗中4℃过夜孵育,次日,PBST液中清洗5次,每次5min,再将PVDF膜在二抗中室温孵育1-2h,清洗5次。最后在PVDF膜上滴加ECL发光液并涂抹均匀,反应1-2min,暗室曝光显影,结束后将胶片扫描拍照备用。
结果显示,相比于BMECs对照组,金黄色葡萄球菌增加了BMECs中GSDMD的裂解激活、Caspase-1(GSDMD的上游)的表达和激活以及IL-1β的分泌,而Tubastatin A以剂量依赖性的方式降低了这些作用(图3B)。
(七)小鼠乳房炎模型的建立及分组
选取健康小鼠(具体为分娩5-7d的初产泌乳的C57BL/6J野生型雌鼠,实验前1h左右分离仔鼠),腹腔注射500μL 10%乌拉坦溶液使之麻醉,仰卧保定,对其第四对乳头周围皮肤用70%酒精消毒,用眼科剪减去乳腺导管口上端0.5mm左右,充分暴露乳腺导管。将生理盐水洗涤、重悬并稀释好的已鉴定金黄色葡萄球菌(浓度达到2×106CFU/mL)经由微量进样器乳腺导管口灌注50μL(1×105CFU),成功构建小鼠乳房炎模型。
具体分组处理为:健康对照组(Ctrl,即空白对照);健康小鼠乳腺导管注射50μL无菌生理盐水(Saline),注射生理盐水24h后腹腔注射10mg/kg Tubastatin A(未感染抑制剂对照)或等体积的DMSO(未感染溶剂对照);健康小鼠乳腺导管注射1×105CFU(50μL)的金黄色葡萄球菌菌液,细菌感染24h后腹腔注射Tubastatin A(2mg/kg、5mg/kg、10mg/kg,溶剂为DMSO)或等体积DMSO(Tubastatin A感染干预组或给予DMSO的感染组)。
(八)组织病理学观察
对于(七)中各组,在细菌感染48h后对小鼠进行剖检,经由以下步骤完成石蜡组织切片的HE染色:
①取材及固定:剖开小鼠被膜,被摸下摘取第四对乳腺组织,用4%中性甲醛进行固定48h以上,其中固定液和组织的比例大于10:1。
②修块:将固定完全的组织块修成适当大小(不超过0.5cm3),之后放入组织包埋框中,流水冲洗过夜。
③脱水、透明及浸蜡:将装有组织块的包埋框依次放入70%、80%、90%、95%酒精溶液(各1h),之后放入100%酒精I、II(各30min),再放入二甲苯I、II(各2min左右),最后放入石蜡I、II(各1h),从而完成脱水、透明、浸蜡。
④包埋:把熔蜡倒入模具内,再用镊子夹取组织块,使切面朝下平整的置放于模具底面的中央处,之后覆盖一次性包埋盒,注入石蜡少许,稍置片刻后移入冷凝台面上。
⑤切片、展片及烘片:修样切片,切片厚度一般为5μm;将切下的切片选取部分置于38℃温水中充分展开,以载玻片捞取切片,在摊片机上让蜡膜展平,将切片在37℃烘箱烘干后放于干燥阴凉处保存备用。
⑥染色:将烘干的切片依次放入二甲苯I、II(各10min),以及100%、95%、90%、80%、70%酒精溶液(各3min)和苏木精染液(15min),自来水冲洗(5min),再经1%盐酸酒精分化(10s),自来水冲洗(5min),伊红染色(15s),之后依次放入90%酒精溶液(2min)、95%酒精溶液(1.5min),以及100%酒精I、II(各1.5min),再放入二甲苯I、II(各10min)。
⑦封片、观察:利用中性树胶封片,置显微镜下进行观察。
结果显示,给予DMSO的金黄色葡萄球菌感染乳房炎小鼠(即给予DMSO的感染组小鼠)乳腺组织乳腺腺泡间质增厚,腺泡腔内有大量炎症细胞浸润,有部分嗜中性粒细胞散在乳腺腺泡中,腺上皮细胞大多坏死、脱落、解体,甚至消失。而与给予DMSO的感染组小鼠相比,给予Tubastatin A干预明显减轻了乳房炎小鼠乳腺组织的炎性损伤(图4)。
(九)评估乳腺组织炎性损伤情况
对于(七)中各组,在细菌感染48h后,检测感染金黄色葡萄球菌的各组乳房炎小鼠及其他未感染组小鼠乳腺组织中LDH释放情况。检测前对小鼠组织样本进行处理:摘取小鼠乳腺组织,称取约100mg组织,加入1mL LDH试剂盒中的提取液,置于冰上充分匀浆,随后4℃离心吸出上清待测。对于组织样品,计算LDH水平时以健康对照组为参照归一处理。
结果显示,与健康对照组相比,给予DMSO的感染组小鼠乳腺组织中LDH释放水平显著升高,而给予Tubastatin A干预明显缓解金黄色葡萄球菌感染引起的乳腺组织LDH大量释放(图5A)。
对于在(七)中各组不同处理的小鼠的乳腺组织,MPO活性检测按照试剂盒说明书进行:将髓过氧化物酶(MPO)比色法测试盒(E-BC-K074-S,购自Elabscience公司)中储备液与蒸馏水均匀混合(体积比1:9);将MPO比色法测试盒中粉剂试剂五溶解于100mL缓冲应用液,待粉剂溶解后加入0.1mL试剂六,混匀,锡纸包裹,4℃避光保存;准确称取乳腺组织0.05g,放入组织匀浆器中,加入试剂二950μL,冰上操作,将组织研碎,制成组织匀浆,收集到1.5mL离心管中;吸取制备的匀浆样本900μL放入新的离心管中,同时加入100μL试剂三,充分混匀,37℃水浴15min;取5mL离心管,按顺序依次加入不同试剂(对照管:3mL蒸馏水、0.2mL组织匀浆,及0.2mL试剂四;测定管:0.2mL组织匀浆、0.2mL试剂四,及3mL显色剂);对照管和测定管混匀后放入37℃水浴30min,加入0.05mL试剂七,混匀,放入60℃水浴10min,取出,立即应用酶标仪在波长460nm处测定各管吸光度值;计算乳腺组织样本MPO活性。
结果显示,与健康对照组相比,未感染抑制剂对照组小鼠乳腺组织中未观察到MPO活性发生显著变化,给予DMSO的感染组小鼠乳腺组织中MPO活性显著升高,提示中性粒细胞的积聚,而Tubastatin A感染干预组小鼠乳腺组织中MPO活性显著低于给予DMSO的感染组(图5B)。
对于在(七)中各组不同处理的小鼠的乳腺组织,炎性因子分泌水平检测:小鼠乳腺组织样品用研磨管进行组织匀浆,离心收集上清,采用(四)中方法检测IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β分泌水平。
结果显示,给予健康小鼠Tubastatin A并不会影响其分泌,与未感染溶剂对照相比,给予DMSO的感染组小鼠乳腺组织中炎性因子IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β分泌显著增多,当使用Tubastatin A处理乳房炎小鼠时,与给予DMSO的感染组相比,炎性因子分泌显著降低,且呈现剂量依赖性(图5C)。
图5C结果还表明,在乳房炎小鼠乳腺组织中,Tubastatin A可以获得与地塞米松(DEX)相当的减少炎性因子分泌的作用效果。
(十)Western Blot检测乳房炎小鼠乳腺组织中细胞焦亡情况
对于在(七)中各组不同处理的小鼠的乳腺组织,提取小鼠乳腺组织总蛋白,之后按照(三)或(六)中免疫印迹方法进行检测。
结果显示,金黄色葡萄球菌增加了乳腺组织中GSDMD的裂解激活,而Tubastatin A以剂量依赖性的方式减少金黄色葡萄球菌诱导的GSDMD切割。并且,在给予Tubastatin A干预后,观察到了α-tubulin乙酰化水平的恢复(图6)。
(十一)流式细胞术检测分析炎性细胞浸润变化
对于在(七)中各组不同处理的小鼠的乳腺组织,制作单细胞悬液:用颈椎脱臼法处死小鼠,酒精消毒,剪开小鼠腹侧的皮肤,在被皮下摘取乳腺组织,用4℃预冷含2%血清的PBS冲洗,在5mL PBS中将乳腺组织剪碎至约1mm3的小块,加入2.5mg/mL胶原酶Ⅱ、0.2%胶原酶Ⅳ和50U/mL DNA酶Ⅰ,在37℃水浴摇床中消化30min;将含组织的消化液用MACSSmart Strainer(70μM)过滤,1000r/min离心7min;弃去上清后,将颗粒细胞悬浮在红细胞裂解缓冲液中2min,PBS终止裂解,离心,PBS清洗一遍;重悬细胞,获得单细胞悬液。
对单细胞悬液进行细胞计数,计数后吸取100μL(2×106个细胞)于1.5mL离心管中,加入标记细胞表面特异性抗原的抗体(巨噬细胞:CD45-APC、CD11b-PeCy7、F4/80-FITC;中性粒细胞:CD45-APC、CD11b-PeCy7、Ly6G-PE),4℃避光放置30min,4℃预冷的PBS洗2次,500μL PBS重悬,细胞重悬之后通过流式细胞术检测巨噬细胞比例和中性粒细胞比例,并计算巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞细胞数目。
结果显示,不同组未感染小鼠(未感染抑制剂对照组与未感染溶剂对照组)乳腺组织中巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞比例及数目均没有显著差异,金黄色葡萄球菌感染后巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞比例及数目显著增加,然而在Tubastatin A感染干预组小鼠乳腺组织中,巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞比例及数目均显著低于给予DMSO的感染组(图7)。
总之,本发明通过实验获得的结果包括:运用HDAC6抑制剂可以显著改善金黄色葡萄球菌引起的牛乳腺上皮细胞焦亡以及炎性因子大量分泌,此外,HDAC6抑制剂也能降低乳房炎小鼠乳腺组织中炎性因子分泌以及炎性细胞浸润,减轻乳腺上皮细胞焦亡,从而改善金黄色葡萄球菌引起的乳腺组织炎性病理损伤。结合药理及毒性实验结果表明,HDAC6抑制剂(例如Tubastatin A)具有应用于开发针对细菌感染引起的奶牛乳房炎的治疗或预防药物的潜力。
Claims (10)
1.HDAC6抑制剂在制备用于防治奶牛乳房炎的药物中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述奶牛乳房炎的病原体来源于细菌。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述奶牛乳房炎的病原体为金黄色葡萄球菌。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述HDAC6抑制剂选用Tubastatin A及其药学上可接受的盐中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述HDAC6抑制剂减轻金黄色葡萄球菌诱导的乳腺上皮细胞炎性因子分泌水平的升高。
6.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述HDAC6抑制剂减轻金黄色葡萄球菌诱导的乳腺上皮细胞焦亡。
7.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述HDAC6抑制剂改善金黄色葡萄球菌性乳房炎乳腺组织炎性病理损伤。
8.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述HDAC6抑制剂减轻金黄色葡萄球菌性乳房炎炎性细胞浸润及乳腺上皮细胞焦亡。
9.HDAC6抑制剂在制备奶牛乳房炎免疫调节制剂中的应用。
10.HDAC6抑制剂在制备用于防治金黄色葡萄球菌感染引起的乳腺组织损伤的药物中的应用。
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