CN116549659A - 阳离子脂质类似物在基因编辑核糖核蛋白复合物胞内递送中的应用 - Google Patents
阳离子脂质类似物在基因编辑核糖核蛋白复合物胞内递送中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116549659A CN116549659A CN202210105073.1A CN202210105073A CN116549659A CN 116549659 A CN116549659 A CN 116549659A CN 202210105073 A CN202210105073 A CN 202210105073A CN 116549659 A CN116549659 A CN 116549659A
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- cationic lipid
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Abstract
本发明涉及生物技术领域,尤其是涉及一种含有阳离子脂质类似物的纳米复合物,及阳离子脂质类似物在基因编辑核糖核蛋白复合物胞内递送中的应用。纳米复合物包括阳离子脂质类似物和核糖核蛋白复合物;所述阳离子脂质类似物具有如式(I)所示结构。纳米复合物对肿瘤组织中的不同基因位点(AAVS1、HBB、EGFP和KRAS)有较高的基因编辑效果,进一步说明阳离子脂质类似物递送核糖核蛋白复合物对肿瘤生长有一定的抑制作用;基因编辑核糖核蛋白复合物递送载体在细胞内递送过程中可以达到高递送效率,安全有效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域,尤其是涉及一种含有阳离子脂质类似物的纳米复合物,及阳离子脂质类似物在基因编辑核糖核蛋白复合物胞内递送中的应用。
背景技术
成簇的规律间隔的短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced shortpalindromic repeats sequences,CRISPR)系统源于细菌和古细菌的自适应性免疫系统,其主要用来抵御来自于噬菌体、质粒等外源性核酸的入侵。而利用这种天然存在的免疫系统,CRISPR/Cas系统已经被开发成为一种新型的基因编辑技术,它能够定点靶向基因组的目标序列或者同时靶向基因组多个目标序列用于基因组编辑。该系统目前已经被广泛应用于基因相关疾病的治疗,定向检测基因组区域的活体成像,疾病相关新靶点的鉴定,基因功能的识别以及动物疾病模型建立等多方面的研究。
在众多CRISPR/Cas系统中,CRISPR/Cas9作为最具有代表性的基因编辑系统,主要包含两个核心组分:CRISPR/Cas9核酸内切酶及单联导向RNA(single guided RNA,sgRNA),自2013年以CRISPR/Cas9为基础的基因编辑技术被成功应用于哺乳细胞基因组编辑,该技术已经应用一系列难治愈的疾病上,包括恶性肿瘤、镰刀形细胞贫血症、I-H型粘多糖病、阿尔兹海默症、肝糖原贮积症、血友病、囊性纤维化、杜式肌肉营养不良症及其他疾病。
在基于CRISPR/Cas9系统的基因组编辑技术被应用于临床之前,除了需要提高基因编辑的特异性,降低脱靶和基因组突变率等复杂的技术挑战外。另一方面,如何安全有效地将CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统导入到特定的细胞、组织或者器官中以获得期望的治疗效果是另一个需要解决的关键性问题。但是由于目前能够高效安全递送CRISPR/Cas9的载体系统的匮乏,导致了CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在临床应用上的潜力受到极大的限制。因此开发高效低毒的CRISPR/Cas9的递送载体系统,对推动CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术向临床应用转化,降低毒副作用,提高治疗的安全性,具有极其重要的科学价值和研究意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足之处而提供一种含有阳离子脂质类似物的纳米复合物,及阳离子脂质类似物在基因编辑核糖核蛋白复合物胞内递送中的应用。阳离子脂质类似物递送核糖核蛋白复合物具有较高的基因编辑效率。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:
一种纳米复合物,包括阳离子脂质类似物和核糖核蛋白复合物;
所述阳离子脂质类似物具有如式(I)所示结构:
式(I)中,m1独立地选自氢(H)、直链烷基、支链烷基;
m2为R1为烷基,R2为烷基,R3为烷基,或R1与R2连接为环基;
m3独立地选自直链烷基、直链烯基;
m4独立地选自直链烷基、含醚键的直链烷基。
本发明的阳离子脂质类似物中m2含有叔胺基团,保证了材料具有pH敏感性和正电荷可调性;m3含有直链烷基、直链烯基,通过调控其链长,可以调控材料的疏水性。本发明设计得到的阳离子脂质类似物和核糖核蛋白复合物(Cas9RNP蛋白)结合形成纳米复合物,该阳离子脂质类似物递送核糖核蛋白复合物至胞内具有较高的基因编辑效率,递送至细胞内的纳米复合物仍具有生物活性,同时纳米复合物自身及递送过程对细胞产生的毒性小。
作为本发明所述纳米复合物的优选实施方式,所述阳离子脂质类似物和核糖核蛋白复合物的质量比为(1~4):1。优选地,阳离子脂质类似物和核糖核蛋白复合物的质量比为2:1。
当阳离子脂质类似物和核糖核蛋白复合物以上述特定质量比进行配比,可以更好地提高递送效率和基因编辑效率,有利于治疗相应的疾病。
作为本发明所述纳米复合物的优选实施方式,所述m1为氢(H)、或m2为/> m3为/> m4为/> 所获得的纳米复合物递送核糖核蛋白复合物至细胞内的递送效率较高。
作为本发明所述纳米复合物的优选实施方式,所述阳离子脂质类似物具有如下36种结构中的任一种:
发明人经过试验发现,上述筛选得到的36种小分子阳离子脂质类似物可与核糖核蛋白复合物共组装形成尺寸小、稳定的纳米复合物,实现多种正、负电性蛋白质的胞内递送,且递送至细胞内的蛋白质能够保持着生物活性,具有治疗效果。
作为本发明所述纳米复合物的优选实施方式,所述阳离子脂质类似物为A1I2R2C16、A1I2R2C18、A1I2R2C19、A1I2R2C20、A1I2R3C16、A1I2R3C18、A1I2R3C19、A1I2R3C20、A1I2R11C16、A1I2R11C18、A1I2R11C19、A1I2R11C20、A1I2-1R2C18、A1I2-1R2C19、A1I2-1R2C20、A1I2-3R2C18、A1I2-3R2C19、A1I2-3R2C20中的至少一种,更优选地,所述阳离子脂质类似物为A1I2R2C18、A1I2-1R2C18或A1I2-3R2C18。
经过将阳离子脂质类似物递送基因编辑核糖核蛋白复合物至细胞内的实验结果可知,A1I2R2C18、A1I2-1R2C18或A1I2-3R2C18递送基因编辑核糖核蛋白复合物均具有基因编辑效果,其中A1I2R2C18具有最高的基因编辑效率,同时当A1I2R2C18和核糖核蛋白复合物的质量比为2:1时形成的纳米复合物递送至293T细胞中的基因编辑效率最佳。A12R2C18、A1I2-1R2C18或A1I2-3R2C18不同之处在于连接基团(linker)位置乙氧基重复单元数量的不同,其中1个和3个重复单元时载体的基因编辑效率一般,2个重复单元时载体的基因编辑效率最好。
优选地,所述核糖核蛋白复合物为CRISPR-Cas9核糖核蛋白复合物。
本发明还提供了上述纳米复合物在基因编辑和基因治疗中的应用。
作为本发明所述应用的优选实施方式,基因编辑靶向的位点包括AAVS1位点、HBB位点、EGFP位点或KRAS位点。
本发明还提供了一种修饰后的纳米复合物,包括透明质酸和上述的纳米复合物。优选地,透明质酸的浓度为0.1~2mg/mL。更优选地,透明质酸的浓度为0.2mg/mL。
由于纳米复合物带正电荷会被网状内皮系统迅速清除,因此本发明发明人经过大量研究及试验发现,用一层透明质酸修饰纳米复合物的表面,使得纳米复合物通过静电相互作用与透明质酸的阴离子壳包覆以生成修饰后的纳米复合物。透明质酸(HA)是一种具有优异生物相容性的带负电荷的天然多糖,用于屏蔽纳米复合物的正电荷以呈现长体内循环和隐身特性。
纳米复合物采用优选浓度的透明质酸进行表面修饰,可以使得纳米复合物的zeta电位从正变成负电荷。此外,修饰后的纳米复合物具有抗血清能力,可以有效延长体内血流循环时间。
本发明还提供了上述纳米复合物或修饰后的纳米复合物在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
本发明提供了一种纳米复合物,对肿瘤组织中的靶向突变基因位点有较高的基因编辑效果,进一步说明阳离子脂质类似物递送核糖核蛋白复合物对肿瘤生长有一定的抑制作用。
本发明还提供了一种基因编辑核糖核蛋白复合物细胞内递送方法,所述方法利用阳离子脂质类似物实现在基因编辑核糖核蛋白复合物胞内递送。
本发明还提供了上述纳米复合物中的阳离子脂质类似物在基因编辑核糖核蛋白复合物胞内递送的应用。
分别在293T细胞、293T-EGFP细胞、SW-480细胞等细胞系中递送基因编辑核糖核蛋白复合物编辑不同的基因,实验结果表明,本发明的阳离子脂质类似物在细胞内递送过程中可以达到较高的递送效率;本发明的阳离子脂质类似物可以高效地递送核糖核蛋白复合物至对应细胞内编辑4个基因位点(AAVS1、HBB、EGFP和KRAS),效率优于商业化递送试剂Lipofectamine CRISPRMAX(以下简称CMAX)。
需要说明的是,本文所用术语“递送”或者“胞内递送”指的是使药物从细胞的外部进入到细胞的内部,使其局限在细胞溶质中或在细胞的细胞器内。术语“细胞”或“胞内”包括293T细胞、293T-EGFP细胞和SW-480细胞中的至少一种。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下的有益效果:
本发明提供了一种包含阳离子脂质类似物的纳米复合物对肿瘤组织中的不同基因位点(AAVS1、HBB、EGFP和KRAS)有较高的基因编辑效果,进一步说明阳离子脂质类似物递送核糖核蛋白复合物对肿瘤生长有一定的抑制作用;基因编辑核糖核蛋白复合物递送载体在细胞内递送过程中可以达到高递送效率,安全有效,且不需要多余的化学修饰,节省了生产成本。
附图说明
图1为阳离子脂质类似物A1I2-1R2C18的质谱(a)和核磁共振氢谱(b);
图2为阳离子脂质类似物A1I2R2C18的质谱(a)和核磁共振氢谱(b);
图3为阳离子脂质类似物A1I2-3R2C18的质谱(a)和核磁共振氢谱(b);
图4为阳离子脂质类似物A1I2-1R2C18(a)、A1I2R2C18(b)和A1I2-3R2C18(c)递送基因编辑核糖核蛋白复合物(RNP)靶向AAVS1位点的基因编辑效率结果图;
图5为实施例3形成的纳米复合物的粒径分布图;
图6为阳离子脂质类似物A1I2R2C18在293T细胞(a和b),293T-EGFP细胞(c)和SW-480细胞(d)上递送Cas9 RNP蛋白的T7E1酶切实验结果图以及4个基因位点的T-A克隆的Sanger序列结果图;
图7为经过T7E1酶切实验和ImageJ软件定量统计阳离子脂质类似物A1I2R2C18对4个基因位点(AAVS1、HBB、EGFP和KRAS)的基因编辑效率结果图,并与商业递送试剂CMAX进行对比;
图8为RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物处理293T-EGFP细胞48小时后的荧光图像(a,比例尺为50μm)和流式细胞术(FCM)检测RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物处理293T-EGFP细胞48小时的相对平均荧光强度(MFI)(b);
图9为利用不同浓度的透明质酸(HA)修饰RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物得到的一系列修饰后的纳米复合物(颗粒)的粒径大小(a)和zeta电位(b);
图10为利用透明质酸与RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物混合得到修饰后的纳米复合物(颗粒)在无血清培养基和含10%FBS的血清培养基的稳定性结果图;
图11为通过靶向突变KRAS位点的RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物介导的体内抗肿瘤效果图;
图12为通过瘤旁注射RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物介导的肿瘤中的靶向突变KRAS位点的T7E1酶切实验结果图。
具体实施方式
为更好的说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点,下面将结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
在以下实施例中,所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法,所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1、阳离子脂质类似物的合成与表征
本发明的阳离子脂质类似物的合成路线为:
其中,胺类化合物m2-NH2为羧酸类化合物/>为醛类化合物/>为/>异氰化合物/>为或/>
本实施例的阳离子脂质类似物的具体制备方法为:分别将1mmol的异丁醛和1mmol的胺类化合物加入到0.5mL甲醇溶液中,反应60min后依次加入1mmol羧酸类化合物和0.5mmol异氰化合物,并于40℃反应12h,反应结束后经层析色谱柱分离提纯产物,其中,流动相采用甲醇和二氯甲烷的混合液。
本实施例采用的原料及合成的阳离子脂质类似物结构如表1所示。
表1
选取阳离子脂质类似物A1I2-1R2C18、A1I2R2C18和A1I2-3R2C18作为代表材料,并对其结构进行表征。其中,A1I2-1R2C18的质谱和核磁共振氢谱的谱图如图1所示;A1I2R2C18的质谱和核磁共振氢谱的谱图如图2所示;A1I2-3R2C18的质谱和核磁共振氢谱的谱图如图3所示。核磁共振氢谱和质谱的结果与预期阳离子脂质类似物的结构一致。
实施例2、阳离子脂质类似物A1I2-1R2C18、A1I2R2C18和A1I2-3R2C18递送基因编辑核糖核蛋白复合物(RNP)的胞内效果。
具体操作方法如下:首先通过体外转录IVT的方法制备靶向AAVS1的sgRNA(sgAAVS1)(AAVS1的靶点为GGCTCCCTCCCAGGATCCTCTC)。将293T细胞接种到24孔板中过夜,待293T细胞密度达到75%以上时,开始Cas9RNP蛋白递送实验。
首先将分别为1μg CRISPR-Cas9蛋白与0.5μg sgAAVS1在37℃孵育10分钟后形成CRISPR-Cas9/sgAAVS1复合物(Cas9 RNP),再将CRISPR-Cas9/sgAAVS1复合物分别与A1I2-1R2C18、A1I2R2C18和A1I2-3R2C18这三个阳离子脂质类似物混合,快速混匀10~30秒后立即用450μL无血清DMEM培养基进行稀释,最终得到Cas9 RNP/阳离子脂质类似物的500μL体系溶液。其中CRISPR-Cas9的剂量为每孔1μg,sgAAVS1的剂量为每孔0.5μg,A1I2-1R2C18、A1I2R2C18和A1I2-3R2C18这三个阳离子脂质类似物的剂量为每孔分别1、2、3和4μg。移除细胞培养基,使用PBS清洗两次后,加入Cas9RNP/阳离子脂质类似物的500μL体系溶液,37℃培养箱孵育4小时。移除培养基,加入500μL含有10%血清的DMEM培养基,继续培养48小时。使用商业化试剂盒提取基因组总DNA,PCR扩增带有突变位点的目的片段(AAVS1-FP:CTATGTCCACTTCAGGACAGCATGT,AAVS1-RP:CCTCTTGGGAAGTGTAAGGAAGCTG),加热变性退火复性处理,最后加入0.3μL的T7E1核酸内切酶,37℃反应30分钟后,跑2%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测分析酶切结果。
实验结果:从图4的结果表明A1I2-1R2C18、A1I2R2C18和A1I2-3R2C18这三个阳离子脂质类似物递送Cas9 RNP蛋白具有基因编辑效率。其中,A1I2R2C18具有最高的基因编辑递送效率。同时,结果表明A1I2R2C18的剂量为2μg时与Cas9 RNP蛋白(CRISPR-Cas9蛋白与sgAAVS1的剂量分别为1μg和0.5μg)形成的纳米复合物递送至293T细胞中的基因编辑效率最佳。对比结构相似分子A1I2-1R2C18和A1I2-3R2C18,发明人发现A1I2R2C18具有更好的基因编辑效率,这三个分子的不同之处在于连接基团(linker)位置乙氧基重复单元数量的不同,其中1个和3个重复单元时载体材料的基因编辑效率一般,2个重复单元效果最好,表明优化linker结构对提升递送和编辑效率具有重要意义。
实施例3、纳米复合物的粒径分布
将阳离子脂质类似物A1I2R2C18与基因编辑核糖核蛋白复合物(RNP)形成本发明的RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物,并利用动态光散射(DLS)表征纳米复合物的尺寸及表面电势。
具体操作方法如下:将核糖核蛋白复合物与A1I2R2C18溶液快速混合均匀,室温孵育10~30秒后,加入1mL去离子水稀释后,使用激光纳米粒度仪检测溶液中纳米颗粒的粒径分布和表面电势。
实验结果:从图5的结果表明,本发明制备的A1I2R2C18与核糖核蛋白复合物形成的纳米复合物DLS表征的颗粒直径约为460nm。
实施例4、阳离子脂质类似物A1I2R2C18递送核糖核蛋白复合物(RNP)至不同细胞内靶向不同位点的基因编辑实验
阳离子脂质类似物A1I2R2C18分别向293T细胞内递送靶向AAVS1和HBB位点的Cas9RNP蛋白;向293T-EGFP细胞内递送靶向EGFP位点的Cas9 RNP蛋白;向SW-480细胞内递送靶向KRAS位点的Cas9 RNP蛋白。此外,从293T细胞中获得AAVS1和HBB位点T-A克隆的Sanger序列;从293T-EGFP细胞获得EGFP位点T-A克隆的Sanger序列;从SW-480细胞获得KRAS位点T-A克隆的Sanger序列。
具体操作方法如下:首先通过体外转录IVT的方法分别制备:靶向AAVS1和HBB的sgRNA(sgAAVS1和sgHBB)(AAVS1的靶点为GGCTCCCTCCCAGGATCCTCTC;HBB的靶点为GGGTAACGGCAGACTTCTCCTC);靶向EGFP的sgRNA(sgEGFP)(EGFP的靶点为GTGAACCGCATCGAGCTGAA);靶向突变KRAS基因的sgRNA(sgKRAS)(KRAS的靶点为GTTGGAGCTGATGGCGT)。将293T细胞、293T-EGFP细胞和SW-480细胞接种到24孔板中过夜,待其细胞密度达到75%以上时,开始Cas9 RNP蛋白递送实验。
首先将CRISPR-Cas9蛋白与sgAAVS1、sgHBB、sgEGFP和sgKRAS在37℃孵育10分钟后形成CRISPR-Cas9/sgRNA复合物,再将CRISPR-Cas9/sgRNA复合物与阳离子脂质类似物A1I2R2C18充分混合,快速混匀10~30秒后立即用450μL无血清DMEM培养基进行稀释,最终得到RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物的500μL体系溶液。其中CRISPR-Cas9的剂量为每孔1μg,sgRNA的剂量为每孔0.5μg,阳离子脂质类似物A1I2R2C18的剂量为2μg。移除细胞培养基,使用PBS清洗两次后,加入RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物的500μL体系溶液,37℃培养箱孵育4小时。移除培养基,加入500μL含有10%血清的DMEM培养基,继续培养48小时。使用商业化试剂盒提取基因组总DNA,PCR扩增带有突变位点的目的片段,引物如表2所示。
表2
加热变性退火复性处理,最后加入0.3μL的T7E1核酸内切酶,37℃反应30分钟后,跑2%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测分析酶切结果。
T-A克隆的Sanger序列检测实验步骤:基因克隆选用Taq DNA聚合酶,进行PCR扩增再跑胶后纯化;连接反应:连接T载体并室温孵育5分钟;接下来转化:取感受态100μL加入上述10μL连接产物,轻轻吹打搅拌混匀后冰上静置5分钟,42℃热激45秒后迅速转移至冰浴中静置2分钟,之后涂板培养过夜并测序。
实验结果:从图6的结果表明本发明制备的阳离子脂质类似物A1I2R2C18在293T细胞、293T-EGFP细胞和SW-480细胞上递送Cas9 RNP蛋白的T7E1酶切实验检测基因编辑效果以及4个基因位点的T-A克隆的Sanger序列结果。结果表明本发明制备的阳离子脂质类似物A1I2R2C18可安全高效地递送Cas9RNP蛋白至对应细胞内编辑相关基因的位点,并且优于商业化试剂Lipofectamine CRISPRMAX(CMAX)。
实施例5、通过T7E1酶切实验和ImageJ软件对4个基因位点(AAVS1、HBB、EGFP和KRAS)的基因编辑效率进行定量统计。
具体操作方法如下:
T7E1酶切实验简述:使用商业化试剂盒提取基因组总DNA,PCR扩增带有突变位点的目的片段,加热变性退火复性处理,最后加入0.3μL的T7E1核酸内切酶,37℃反应30分钟后,跑2%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测分析酶切结果。ImageJ软件对4个基因位点(AAVS1、HBB、EGFP和KRAS)的基因编辑切割条带的效率进行定量统计步骤如下:首先通过File—Open打开要分析的胶图进行条带的灰度分析,接下来将图片转为为8位的灰度图,然后用矩形工具框任选一个条带,通过Analyze/gels/select first lane为条带编号,再用魔棒工具(Wandtool)点击每个峰的中间区域即可逐一完成对峰面积的计算,计算的结果在Result窗口显示,可通过File导出为xls文件。最后用Indel百分率计算公式:[1-(1-切割条带强度值)1/2]×100%,可得到切割效率数值,进而可统计定量。
实验结果:从图7的结果表明本发明制备的阳离子脂质类似物A1I2R2C18在293T细胞、293T-EGFP细胞和SW-480细胞上递送Cas9 RNP蛋白的T7E1酶切实验检测基因编辑效果。
结果表明本发明制备的阳离子脂质类似物A1I2R2C18可安全高效地递送Cas9 RNP蛋白至对应细胞内编辑4个基因位点(AAVS1、HBB、EGFP和KRAS),并且都优于商业化试剂Lipofectamine CRISPRMAX(CMAX)。
实施例6、RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物对293T-EGFP细胞的影响
RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物处理293T-EGFP细胞48小时后的使用荧光显微镜观察细胞内的荧光强度和分布。再通过流式细胞术分析RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物处理48小时的293T-EGFP细胞并检测其相对平均荧光强度。
具体操作方法如下:将293T-EGFP细胞接种到24孔板中过夜,待其细胞密度达到75%以上时,开始Cas9 RNP蛋白递送实验。首先将CRISPR-Cas9蛋白与sgEGFP在37℃孵育10分钟后形成CRISPR-Cas9/sgRNA复合物,再将CRISPR-Cas9/sgRNA复合物与阳离子脂质类似物A1I2R2C18充分混合,快速混匀10~30秒后立即用450μL无血清DMEM培养基进行稀释,最终得到Cas9RNP/A1I2R2C18的500μL体系溶液(RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物)。其中CRISPR-Cas9的剂量为每孔1μg,sgRNA的剂量为每孔0.5μg,阳离子脂质类似物A1I2R2C18的最佳剂量为2μg。移除细胞培养基,使用PBS清洗两次后,加入RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物的500μL体系溶液,37℃培养箱孵育4小时。移除培养基,加入500μL含有10%血清的DMEM培养基,继续培养48小时。之后再荧光显微镜下观察细胞内的荧光强度和分布。再收集孔板内细胞进行流式细胞术分析并检测其相对平均荧光强度。
实验结果:从图8的结果表明通过荧光显微镜观察细胞内的荧光强度、荧光分布和流式细胞术分析,相较于商用试剂CMAX阳性对照组,RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物处理组有更低的荧光荧光强度,从而说明阳离子脂质类似物A1I2R2C18可安全高效地递送Cas9 RNP蛋白至293T-EGFP细胞中对EGFP位点进行高效的基因编辑。
实施例7、制备修饰后的RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物
一种修饰后的纳米复合物,包括透明质酸和RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物。透明质酸的浓度为0.1~2mg/mL。
上述修饰后的纳米复合物的制备方法:将不同浓度的透明质酸(0.1~2mg/mL)逐滴加入RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物溶液中,通过静电涂覆获得HA/RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物(修饰后的纳米复合物)。然后,将溶液混合物在室温下轻轻搅拌30分钟。HA/RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物制备中的最佳透明质酸的浓度由DLS确定。
实验结果:从图9的结果表明,DLS测定显示,涂层包裹的最佳透明质酸是浓度为0.2mg/mL。透明质酸修饰后,RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物的zeta电位从正(约+19mV)变为负电荷(约-31mV)。
实施例8、验证HA/RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物(修饰后的纳米复合物)的稳定性和血清抗性
在含血清的培养基中进行血清抗性研究,无血清的培养基作为阴性对照组。
具体操作方法如下:将制备含HA浓度为0.2mg/mL的HA/RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物分别加入无血清的DMEM培养基和含有10%胎牛血清(FBS)的DMEM培养基孵育一段时间,分别再0.5h、24h、36h和48h通过光动态散射仪(DLS)检测HA/RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物的粒径变化,从而得出稳定性结果。
实验结果:从图10的结果表明,DLS分析表明HA/RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物在含10%FBS的培养基中孵育0.5h时,相同孵育时间的粒径大小仅略大于无血清培养基中的粒径大小,并且进一步孵育不会导致粒径明显增加。在含血清培养基中延长的孵育时间不会进一步导致粒度方面的显著变化。因此,HA/RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物的抗血清能力将有效延长体内血流循环时间。
实施例9、通过靶向突变KRAS位点的RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物介导的体内抗肿瘤效果
给药方式为瘤旁注射RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物。监测并记录不同治疗组在治疗后三周的平均肿瘤生长体积变化。
具体操作方法如下:在SW-480异种移植原发肿瘤模型中,将SW-480细胞(1×106)皮下注射到BALB/c裸鼠右侧。7天后,当肿瘤达到大约50–80mm3的大小时,将小鼠随机分成4组并用对照组、仅RNP组、RNP/A1I2R2C18组和Mock RNP/A1I2R2C18组处理。纳米复合物每周一次通过肿瘤周围皮下注射,持续三周,测量裸鼠的肿瘤体积。
实验结果:从图11的结果表明,监测并记录不同治疗组在治疗后三周的平均肿瘤生长体积变化。相较于对照组,给予RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物瘤旁皮下注射治疗后,肿瘤生长体积有明显的抑制作用。
实施例10、RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物介导肿瘤中的靶向突变KRAS位点的T7E1酶切实验
具体操作方法如下:收集对照组、仅RNP组、RNP/A1I2R2C18组和Mock RNP/A1I2R2C18组的肿瘤组织,使用商业化试剂盒提取基因组总DNA,PCR扩增带有突变位点的目的片段(KRAS-FP:TGCAGTCAACTGGAATTTTCAT;KRAS-RP:GTTGGATCATATTCGTCCACAA),加热变性退火复性处理,最后加入0.3μL的T7E1核酸内切酶,37℃反应30分钟后,跑2%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测分析酶切结果。
实验结果:从图11的结果表明RNP/A1I2R2C18纳米复合物通过肿瘤周围皮下注射治疗,对肿瘤组织中的靶向突变KRAS位点有较高的基因编辑效果,从而说明阳离子脂质类似物分子A1I2R2C18递送Cas RNP蛋白对肿瘤生长有一定的抑制作用。
最后所应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (11)
1.一种纳米复合物,其特征在于,包括阳离子脂质类似物和核糖核蛋白复合物;
所述阳离子脂质类似物具有如式(I)所示结构:
式(I)中,m1独立地选自氢、直链烷基、支链烷基;
m2为R1为烷基,R2为烷基,R3为烷基,或R1与R2连接为环基;
m3独立地选自直链烷基、直链烯基;
m4独立地选自直链烷基、含醚键的直链烷基。
2.如权利要求1所述的纳米复合物,其特征在于,所述阳离子脂质类似物和核糖核蛋白复合物的质量比为(1~4):1。
3.如权利要求1所述的纳米复合物,其特征在于,所述m1为氢、 m2为/> m3为/> m4为/>
4.如权利要求1所述的纳米复合物,其特征在于,所述阳离子脂质类似物具有如下36种结构中的任一种:
5.如权利要求4所述的纳米复合物,其特征在于,所述阳离子脂质类似物为A1I2R2C16、A1I2R2C18、A1I2R2C19、A1I2R2C20、A1I2R3C16、A1I2R3C18、A1I2R3C19、A1I2R3C20、A1I2R11C16、A1I2R11C18、A1I2R11C19、A1I2R11C20、A1I2-1R2C18、A1I2-1R2C19、A1I2-1R2C20、A1I2-3R2C18、A1I2-3R2C19、A1I2-3R2C20中的至少一种,更优选地,所述阳离子脂质类似物为A1I2R2C18、A1I2-1R2C18或A1I2-3R2C18。
6.如权利要求1~5任一项所述的纳米复合物在基因编辑和基因治疗中的应用。
7.如权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,基因编辑靶向的位点包括AAVS1位点、HBB位点、EGFP位点或KRAS位点。
8.一种修饰后的纳米复合物,其特征在于,包括透明质酸和如权利要求1~5任一项所述的纳米复合物。
9.如权利要求1~5任一项所述的纳米复合物或如权利要求8所述的修饰后的纳米复合物在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
10.一种基因编辑核糖核蛋白复合物细胞内递送方法,其特征在于,所述方法利用权利要求1中的阳离子脂质类似物实现在基因编辑核糖核蛋白复合物胞内递送。
11.如权利要求1~5任一项所述的纳米复合物中的阳离子脂质类似物在基因编辑核糖核蛋白复合物胞内递送的应用。
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