CN1165415C - 可水化水泥组合物浇注用颗粒涂敷结合系统及制造方法 - Google Patents
可水化水泥组合物浇注用颗粒涂敷结合系统及制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
涂敷制品、制造该涂敷制品的方法以及引入这些涂敷制品的防水系统(10)。典型的涂敷制品包括具有可与由混凝土或砂浆的水化产生的氢氧化物反应的无机颗粒表面涂层(14)。该制品设计用于与浇注的混凝土或砖石建筑一起使用。所述无机颗粒包括(a)三水合氧化铝；(b)二氧化硅；(c)飞灰；(d)高炉炉渣；(e)锻制二氧化硅；(f)碱或碱土金属盐的至少一种或其混合物。这些颗粒改善与向涂敷表面浇注并使其凝固的可水化胶结组合物的结合。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及具有压敏胶粘剂表面的制品，所述压敏胶粘剂表面具有无机颗粒涂层，用于参加与对着涂敷表面浇注的可水化胶结组合物的水化反应并使其固化。
发明背景
已知可以预成型的薄片状结构提供防水膜。
例如，Hurst的美国专利3,741,856和3,900,102，其引入本文作为参考，公开了具有载体支撑薄膜的防水膜，以及与其邻接的防水压敏胶粘剂薄膜。这类薄膜制品可以直接应用于预先存在的结构上，例如混凝土基础或地板上。在Hurst的美国专利3,741,856中，还公开了骨料材料如砂或软木，可以以颗粒形式或粉末形式沉积在载体支撑薄膜上，以防止薄膜损坏和/或因此其可以为随后向其施加的其它材料如混凝土提供改善的楔住(keying)表面。见第4栏，II.62-73。
在Cogliano的US 4,994,328和Bartlett等的US 5,316,848中，二者都引入本文作为参考，公开了防水膜，用于所谓“死角(blind-side)”防水。这是指一种其中防水膜的载体侧对着混凝土成型外形粘贴并且新混凝土对着胶粘剂层浇注并使其固化。换言之，先以“向后”布置方式安装防水，随后通过对着防水膜的向外胶粘剂侧浇注来安装混凝土结构(基础、地板、墙等)。在Cogliano和Bartlett等的专利中，公开了一种防护涂层，用于防护胶粘剂层污染和损坏。
后来，在Bartlett等的US 5,496,615中，也引入本文作为参考，发现细分散的颗粒材料可以撒粉于防护涂层上，以便当其以水平位置安装时承受在薄膜上的步行通行。同时，细分散的颗粒撒粉层使得新混凝土可以浇注在防护涂层/胶粘剂层上，以便与防水膜形成完全粘合的防水结合。Barlett等公开了这些颗粒可以包含碳酸钙、砂、硅酸盐砂、水泥、滑石、二氧化钛、炭黑、石粉、花岗岩粉、以及粘土。
在Te’eni的美国专利5,543,188中，本文引入作为参考，公开了一种柔性防水膜，其具有聚合物薄膜，该薄膜具有用限定相互连通的内部空隙的干水泥物料浸透的粗糙表面。干水泥物料包括水硬性水泥，其基本不水化并且可以以浆料或干粉形式与添加剂一起引入到粗糙表面上，所述添加剂如矿物填料、二氧化硅粉末、微粒二氧化硅、以及粘土矿物。
本发明与柔性现有技术防水膜不同，其中使用骨料或填料材料作为其中含有的颗粒材料或者在防水胶粘剂上涂敷的颗粒材料(例如Hurst、Cogliano、Bartlett等)或水泥结合基体(例如，Te’eni)。
本发明的目的之一是使用某些无机颗粒材料，包括在压敏胶粘剂层或表面中和/或在压敏胶粘剂层或表面上涂敷作为离散的分隔层，这些颗粒有效地与来自对着颗粒涂敷的胶粘剂浇注的混凝土或灰浆的水化反应的氢氧化物溶液反应，形成水化产物。
发明概述
与包含骨料或填料的颗粒的现有技术应用相比，本发明采用与可水化水泥组合物或砂浆反应和/或加速这样的组合物的水化反应的颗粒。这些颗粒可以包括例如促凝剂、增强剂、火山灰和/或火山灰质材料。
本发明的典型涂敷制品包括具有至少一个用于承载颗粒的表面的主体，该表面包含压敏防水胶粘剂或弹性体，所述颗粒是无机颗粒，其有效地与来自混凝土或砂浆的水化反应的氢氧化物(例如碱金属的氢氧化物和/或碱土金属氢氧化物)溶液反应，形成水化产物。所述无机颗粒选自促凝剂、增强剂、以及火山灰或火山灰型材料。
优选的颗粒包括(a)三水合氧化铝；(b)二氧化硅；(c)飞灰；(d)高炉炉渣；(e)锻制二氧化硅；(f)碱金属或碱土金属亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、卤化物、硫酸盐、氢氧化物、羧酸盐、硅酸盐、铝酸盐、及其混合物。三水合氧化铝是最优选的。
优选的制品包括防水膜，其包含涂敷了粉末状三水合氧化铝、二氧化硅或其混合物的防水胶粘剂膜层，这些颗粒在25-1000微米范围内。典型的防水胶粘剂层优选的是包含橡胶改性沥青、天然或合成橡胶、合成弹性材料、或其混合物的压敏胶粘剂。优选的是苯乙烯乙烯丁二烯苯乙烯。
本发明的最优选的实施方案是薄片状预成型的防水薄膜，其包含含有至少15％且更优选40重量％SEBS和/或丙烯酸橡胶的压敏胶粘剂层，该层具有至少两个主面，其至少之一涂敷颗粒尺寸为50-100微米的三水合氧化铝、二氧化硅或其混合物，这些颗粒优选的是嵌在胶粘剂中并且部分暴露，因此可以有效地与来自对着颗粒涂敷的胶粘剂层浇注的可水化水泥组合物的氢氧化钙或其它碱溶液结合。优选地，防水胶粘剂层粘贴在与颗粒涂层相反的粘合剂层主面相邻的载体薄膜支撑层上，和/或钢筋网或非编织层可以结合到或者嵌在压敏胶粘剂层内。
本发明的制品可以包含在建筑工地通过液体涂布形成的压敏胶粘剂或弹性材料。
除了诸如防水膜的薄片状结构以外，本发明的其它典型制品可以包括具有带有用于承载上述颗粒材料的表面(如水密封、软管、板)或者热塑性表面(如软管、薄片)的主体部分的制品，所述颗粒材料用来与新水泥组合物结合。
优选的颗粒材料是硅质的、铝质的或火山灰质的。例如二氧化硅、三氧化二铝水合物、锻制二氧化硅、浮石、破碎的耐火砖等。火山灰质材料包括硅质的或硅质和铝质的材料，其本身具有很小或者没有胶结值，但是在细分散形式且在水分存在下，在常温与氢氧化钙化学反应，形成具有胶结性质的化合物，因为它们在硅酸盐水泥与水混合时发生的化学反应中熔化。这样的火山灰质材料包括飞灰、锻制二氧化硅、磨细的高炉炉渣、以及石灰石。
本发明还提供结合到以上讨论的颗粒涂敷制品的胶结制品如墙、基础、砖石建筑单元(例如铺路材料、砖、砌块、分段的挡墙等)。
下文公开本发明的其它优点和益处。
附图简述
图1表示本发明的典型防水膜；
图2是本发明的典型颗粒(例如三水合氧化铝)嵌入表面涂层的表面的扫描电子显微镜照片(以140倍放大倍数拍摄)。
典型实施方案的详细描述
本文所述的预涂敷防水系统包括薄膜和涂层，打算用于与对其浇注的新水泥组合物结合并使其硬化。
术语“水泥”和“胶结组合物”(其可以与“水泥组合物”是同义词)在本文中用来指干粉以及浆料、砂浆、薄浆和含有能水化的水泥结合剂的混凝土组合物。术语“浆料”、“砂浆”和“混凝土”是本领域的术语：浆料是由可水化水泥结合剂(通常但不是排他地为波特兰水泥、砌筑水泥、或砂浆水泥)组成的混合物。砂浆是另外含有细骨料(例如砂)的浆料，混凝土是另外包含粗骨料(例如破碎的砾石、石头)的砂浆。在本发明中测试的胶结组合物可以通过混合需要量的一些材料如可水化的水泥、水和细和/或粗骨料来形成，与用来形成特定水泥组合物一样。
术语“火山灰”或“火山灰质材料”已经用于指在技术上不是诸如波特兰水泥等的胶结结合剂的材料，但是其在水存在下可能类似地起作用。火山灰已经定义为“具有很小或没有胶结值(即作为结合剂)的硅质或铝硅质材料，但是其在水存在下在细分散形式时与由波特兰水泥水化释放的氢氧化钙化学反应形成具有胶结性质的材料。”Dodson，V.，
Concrete Admixtures(Van Nostrand Reinhold，New York 1990)，第159页。本发明所以考虑使用火山灰或火山灰材料，包括硅藻土、石灰石、粘土(例如偏高岭土)、页岩、飞灰、锻制二氧化硅和高炉炉渣。一些研磨的颗粒状高炉炉渣和高钙飞灰同时具有火山灰质和胶结性质。微粒二氧化硅一般可以用于该目的，尽管“锻制二氧化硅”是更优选的，因为该术语被理解为属于包含至少85％二氧化硅的无定形球形颗粒。
本文所用术语“促凝剂”是指当加入到混凝土、砂浆、或(水泥)浆料中提高水硬性水泥的水化速度、缩短凝固时间并提高早期强度产生速度的掺和料。Dodson，V.，
Concrete Admixtures(Van NostrandReinhardt，New York 1990)，73页。
用作本发明中的颗粒的典型“促凝剂”包括含有碱金属或碱土金属亚硝酸盐或硝酸盐、卤化物、硫酸盐、羧酸盐，如钙、钾、钠盐，或它们的混合物的颗粒。
但是，其中，用于本发明的最优选颗粒材料是三水合氧化铝，其涂敷在防水胶粘剂上在图3中在SEM下放大表示。这些颗粒大致是球形的并且平均尺寸约50微米。
本文所用的术语“嵌入”是指颗粒粘附到防水胶粘剂层或者在防水粘合剂层上的另一涂层上，但是部分暴露出来。这些颗粒也可以是“包封的”，术语“包封的”是指颗粒被物料包围。
本文所用的术语“压敏胶粘剂”是指截然不同的一类胶粘剂，其在室温下在干燥形式时是侵蚀性和粘性的，并且其坚固地粘结到许多不同表面上。本发明中所用的压敏胶粘剂具有动态储能模量G’和动态耗能模量G”在102和107帕斯卡之间的粘弹性范围。
如图1所示，本发明的典型防水系统10包括压敏防水胶粘剂层12和颗粒状微粒或火山灰质材料的离散分离层14，离散分离层14与胶粘剂层14的至少一个主表面相邻。防水胶粘剂层14可以通过把胶粘剂涂敷在基体表面(未示出)如基墙、地板、地面以下的结构、屋顶平台、或其它建筑和土木工程结构上来形成。另外，防水胶粘剂层14可以以预先形成的层形式提供，其结合到载体支撑薄膜16上(例如与图1类似但是没有载体支撑层16)。
典型的胶粘剂层14可以包含橡胶改性的沥青或合成胶粘剂，如本领域已知的，其厚度为2-75密耳，更优选的是5-60密耳。在Cogliano的US 4,994,328、Bartlett等的US 5,316,848和Bartlett等的US5,496,615中说明的防水胶粘剂引入本文作为参考。除了橡胶改性沥青以外，典型的防水胶粘剂包括丁基橡胶、聚异丁烯、丙烯酸、乙烯基醚、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯(SIS)、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯(SEBS)、乙烯-丙烯-二烯单体，以及它们的组合。优选的防水胶粘剂层包括SEBS、丁基橡胶、丙烯酸橡胶，SEBS是最优选的，因为它是氢化的，所以没有或有很少的双键。
防水胶粘剂层14还可以任选包含至少一种选自光吸收剂(例如二氧化钛、氧化铝)、光稳定剂(例如受阻胺、benzothiooles)、抗氧化剂(例如受阻酚)、填料(例如砂、炭黑、碳酸钙)、增塑剂(例如环烷(napthenic)、parathinic、芳族油)、以及流变学添加剂(例如粘土、沉淀二氧化硅、锻制二氧化硅)的物料，其用量以胶粘剂层14的总重量为基准为0.1-5.0％。优选的光吸收剂是二氧化钛。
载体支撑薄膜16可以包括柔性聚合物薄膜、网格(编织的)、或非编织材料，厚度为2-60密耳。对于柔性薄片状防水薄膜，厚度为5-30密耳的交叉层合的高密度聚乙烯是优选的。
除了防水薄膜以外，本发明的典型涂敷制品可以有具有任何希望形状的主体，其一个表面上嵌入上述结合颗粒。用防水涂层(例如热熔体)、弹性敷层(如以商标“LIQUID BOOT”销售的)、或者诸如由GraceConstruction Products，Cambridge，Massachusetts以商品名“PROCOR_”销售的由两组分液体涂敷防水组合物形成的弹性材料涂敷结构表面如基墙、地板、管子、隧道、板坯或者其它土木工程结构，可以形成所述主体。所述主体还可以成形成水密封或者伸缩接头，它们通常由弹性材料构成，使其表面或其一部分涂敷如上所述的颗粒(通过涂敷并在固化过程中嵌入)，最优选的是用三水合氧化铝和/或二氧化硅颗粒涂敷。
本发明的最优选的涂敷制品包括防水胶粘剂层，其包含厚度为5-30密耳的SEBS并且包含为胶粘剂层重量的0-10重量％的光吸收剂如二氧化钛，抗氧化剂如2，6-二叔丁基苯酚和UV吸收剂如受阻胺，用量为胶粘剂层重量的0-10％；所述SEBS胶粘剂层形成具有两个相对边缘的防水薄膜，两个相对边缘在其间限定一个连续的表面，并且所述SEBS胶粘剂层在至少一个连续的侧面涂敷平均颗粒尺寸为5-100微米的三水合氧化铝颗粒。优选地，包含高密度聚乙烯的载体支撑薄膜结合到胶粘剂层上。所以，本发明的方法包括把防水薄膜的载体支撑薄片结合到一种模板或背板结构上，并且向颗粒涂敷的防水胶粘剂浇注新混凝土或砂浆，并使混凝土或砂浆硬化，从而在涂敷的胶粘剂侧与混凝土或砂浆之间形成完全粘结的防水结合。
任选地，可以使用一种涂敷层把颗粒14结合到防水胶粘剂层12上，以便与向防水薄膜10浇注的水硬性胶结组合物接触，所述涂敷层可以包含水溶性材料(例如乙烯乙烯基乙酸酯，聚乙烯醇)、碱溶性材料(例如乳胶)、或颗粒可以通过其扩散的其它材料。
因此，如果所述胶粘剂包含允许颗粒通过胶粘剂材料扩散的材料(如用水溶性材料如EVA、PVOH、EVOH等或碱溶性材料如乳胶的情况)，所述颗粒可以涂敷或嵌在防水胶粘剂层中，以便与向所述薄膜浇注的混凝土或砂浆反应。
本发明的典型方法包括提供具有弹性表面或压敏防水胶粘剂表面的主体，向所述表面嵌入颗粒涂层。对于弹性材料，这涉及在其固化过程中把涂敷层嵌入到弹性体中。
Claims (20)
1.一种涂敷制品，其包括：具有至少一个表面的主体，在所述表面上布置一层防水胶粘剂或弹性体材料，其厚度为2-75密耳，所述胶粘剂或弹性体材料层中嵌入无机颗粒，这些无机颗粒包括凝硬性颗粒，其选自飞灰和颗粒状高炉炉渣；或者所述无机颗粒包含促凝剂，促凝剂选自碱金属或碱土金属亚硝酸盐或硝酸盐颗粒或球形三水合氧化铝颗粒。
2.权利要求1的制品，其中，所述主体是作为防水薄膜有效为建筑物或土木工程表面防水的薄片形式的，所述压敏防水胶粘剂包含具有两个相对边缘的薄片主体，所述两个相对的边缘在二者之间限定一个连续的表面。
3.权利要求2的制品，其中，所述压敏胶粘剂包括橡胶改性沥青或合成胶粘剂。
4.权利要求3的制品，其中，所述胶粘剂包含选自丁基橡胶、聚异丁烯、丙烯酸、乙烯基醚、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯、和乙烯-丙烯-二烯单体的合成胶粘剂。
5.权利要求2的制品，其中，所述层包含防水胶粘剂，所述防水胶粘剂包含苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯。
6.权利要求2的制品，其中，所述防水胶粘剂包含用含有三水合氧化铝涂敷的苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯。
7.权利要求2的制品，其中，所述主体包含含有聚乙烯的柔性载体支撑薄片。
8.权利要求7的制品，其中，所述载体支撑薄片包含交叉层合高密度聚乙烯薄膜。
9.权利要求5的制品，其中，所述防水胶粘剂层附着于包含选自热塑性塑料、橡胶、玻璃和金属材料的材料的连续薄片上。
10.权利要求1的制品，其中，所述主体包含弹性体。
11.权利要求10的制品，其中，所述主体是构造用于使伸缩接头防水的水密封。
12.权利要求1的制品，其中，所述压敏胶粘剂或弹性体是在所述主体上的涂层。
13.权利要求1的制品，其中，向所述颗粒浇注并凝固水泥组合物。
14.一种提供涂敷制品的方法，其包括：提供具有至少一个表面的主体，用一层防水胶粘剂或弹性体涂敷所述至少一个表面；在所述涂敷后的层上嵌入无机颗粒，所述无机颗粒包含选自飞灰和颗粒状高炉炉渣的凝硬性颗粒；或者所述无机颗粒包含选自碱金属或碱土金属亚硝酸盐或硝酸盐颗粒或球形三水合氧化铝颗粒的促凝颗粒。。
15.权利要求14的方法，其包括向所述颗粒涂敷的表面引入水硬性水泥组合物。。
16.一种涂敷制品，其包含：具有至少一个表面的主体，在所述表面上布置一层防水胶粘剂或弹性体材料，厚度为2-75密耳，所述胶粘剂或弹性体材料层中已经嵌入平均尺寸为5-1000微米的三水合氧化铝颗粒。
17.权利要求16的涂敷制品，其中所述制品是载体薄片，所述三水可氧化铝颗粒的平均颗粒尺寸为5-100微米。
18.权利要求16的涂敷制品，其中所述三水合氧化铝颗粒具有一般为球形的形状。
19.权利要求16的涂敷制品，其中所述制品是载体薄片，所述胶粘剂包含选自丁基橡胶、聚异丁烯、丙烯酸、乙烯基醚、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯、和乙烯-丙烯-二烯单体的胶粘剂。
20.权利要求16的涂敷制品，其还包含选自光吸收剂、光稳定剂、抗氧化剂、填料、增塑剂或流变添加剂的至少一种成分。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/638,331 | 2000-08-14 | ||
| US09/638,331 US6500520B1 (en) | 2000-08-14 | 2000-08-14 | Particle coated bonding systems for hydratable cementitious composition casting and methods for making same |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1454142A CN1454142A (zh) | 2003-11-05 |
| CN1165415C true CN1165415C (zh) | 2004-09-08 |
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| CNB018141072A Expired - Lifetime CN1165415C (zh) | 2000-08-14 | 2001-08-06 | 可水化水泥组合物浇注用颗粒涂敷结合系统及制造方法 |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US6500520B1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1193283B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP4388742B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100783974B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1165415C (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE264361T1 (zh) |
| AU (2) | AU2001281117B2 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2355004C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE60102765T2 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2217093T3 (zh) |
| HK (1) | HK1058650A1 (zh) |
| HU (1) | HU226053B1 (zh) |
| MX (1) | MXPA03000840A (zh) |
| NZ (1) | NZ524731A (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL205552B1 (zh) |
| TW (1) | TW592970B (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2002014063A1 (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200300841B (zh) |
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| CN107141931A (zh) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-09-08 | 北京东方雨虹防水技术股份有限公司 | 涂料和防水材料 |
| CN110573684A (zh) * | 2017-06-28 | 2019-12-13 | Sika技术股份公司 | 完全粘结的拦水条 |
| US11167416B2 (en) | 2017-05-18 | 2021-11-09 | Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Speed reducer angular transmission error identification system and speed reducer angular transmission error identification method |
| US12024879B2 (en) | 2018-08-10 | 2024-07-02 | OceanLink USA, Inc. | Waterproofing membrane system and method |
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- 2001-08-06 JP JP2002519185A patent/JP4388742B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107141931A (zh) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-09-08 | 北京东方雨虹防水技术股份有限公司 | 涂料和防水材料 |
| WO2018201932A1 (zh) * | 2017-05-03 | 2018-11-08 | 北京东方雨虹防水技术股份有限公司 | 涂料和防水材料 |
| US11167416B2 (en) | 2017-05-18 | 2021-11-09 | Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Speed reducer angular transmission error identification system and speed reducer angular transmission error identification method |
| CN110573684A (zh) * | 2017-06-28 | 2019-12-13 | Sika技术股份公司 | 完全粘结的拦水条 |
| US11781043B2 (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2023-10-10 | Sika Technology Ag | Fully bonded waterbar |
| US12024879B2 (en) | 2018-08-10 | 2024-07-02 | OceanLink USA, Inc. | Waterproofing membrane system and method |
| US12024878B2 (en) | 2018-08-10 | 2024-07-02 | OceanLink USA, Inc. | Waterproofing membrane system and method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR100783974B1 (ko) | 2007-12-10 |
| HUP0300760A2 (hu) | 2003-09-29 |
| HK1058650A1 (en) | 2004-05-28 |
| US6500520B1 (en) | 2002-12-31 |
| WO2002014063A1 (en) | 2002-02-21 |
| DE60102765D1 (de) | 2004-05-19 |
| EP1193283A1 (en) | 2002-04-03 |
| MXPA03000840A (es) | 2003-06-06 |
| AU2001281117B2 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
| ES2217093T3 (es) | 2004-11-01 |
| PL205552B1 (pl) | 2010-04-30 |
| PL359921A1 (en) | 2004-09-06 |
| NZ524731A (en) | 2004-07-30 |
| DE60102765T2 (de) | 2005-04-14 |
| ATE264361T1 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
| AU8111701A (en) | 2002-02-25 |
| KR20030023757A (ko) | 2003-03-19 |
| HU226053B1 (hu) | 2008-04-28 |
| JP2004513801A (ja) | 2004-05-13 |
| JP4388742B2 (ja) | 2009-12-24 |
| HUP0300760A3 (en) | 2005-11-28 |
| ZA200300841B (en) | 2004-02-19 |
| CA2355004A1 (en) | 2002-02-14 |
| TW592970B (en) | 2004-06-21 |
| EP1193283B1 (en) | 2004-04-14 |
| CA2355004C (en) | 2006-02-21 |
| CN1454142A (zh) | 2003-11-05 |
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