CN116515646B - 一种塔宾曲霉及其在制备单宁酶和/或降解单宁中的应用 - Google Patents
一种塔宾曲霉及其在制备单宁酶和/或降解单宁中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种塔宾曲霉及其在制备单宁酶和/或降解单宁中的应用,涉及单宁降解技术领域。本发明将塔宾曲霉TPDA‑1的活菌体、死菌体和发酵清液中的至少一种用于制备菌剂,且塔宾曲霉TPDA‑1应用于制备单宁酶和/或降解单宁中;为单宁酶的生产开发提供了新的路径,有效解决了单宁酶产量低、生物降解单宁无法工业化生产等问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于单宁降解技术领域,具体涉及一种塔宾曲霉及其在制备单宁酶和/或降解单宁中的应用。
背景技术
单宁是广泛存在于植物体内的多酚类化合物,在植物酚类物质中,其含量仅次于木质素,多出现于营养价值极高的饲用树木、灌木、豆科植物和谷物中。单宁是一种典型抗营养因子,其会破坏并阻碍营养物质的消化利用,尤其是对单胃和水产动物。目前其利用一般以小分子形式如鞣花酸、儿茶素、花青素及其衍生物为主,因此,通过降解单宁,获得低分子量单宁是提高单宁利用率和单宁精细化利用的重要途径。单宁的降解主要有化学降解和生物降解,其中化学降解效率高但易污染环境不易工业化,而生物降解主要利用关键限制性酶单宁酶实现对单宁的降解,降解具有专一性且绿色无污染,但是目前生物降解采用的商品酶活性为200U/g左右,价格昂贵,限制了其在工业中的应用。
单宁酶是可水解单宁的酯键与缩酚羧键生成葡萄糖和没食子酸的一类酶总称。单宁酶的来源较为匮乏,受到野生菌株本身单宁酶产量低、酶活低、酶解机制复杂的限制。单宁酶性质差异主要由单宁酶基因来源与培养条件决定,来源于酵母和曲霉菌属的单宁酶特性均属于糖蛋白,而来源于细菌中的单宁酶则不存在翻译后修饰。目前生物降解单宁还无法有效的实现工业化生产。因此,开发能够产生单宁酶进而降解单宁的微生物菌种是目前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述问题,本发明提供一种塔宾曲霉及其在制备单宁酶和/或降解单宁中的应用,将塔宾曲霉 TPDA-1用于制备单宁酶和/或降解单宁中,为单宁酶的生产开发提供了新的路径,有效解决了单宁酶产量低、生物降解单宁无法工业化生产等问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:提供一种塔宾曲霉(Aspergillus tubingensis),命名为塔宾曲霉 TPDA-1(Aspergillus tubingensisTPDA-1),于2023年03月23日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏地址为广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼,保藏编号为GDMCC No:63289。
进一步,塔宾曲霉的ITS核苷酸序列如SEQ ID No:1所示。
一种菌剂,包括上述的塔宾曲霉。
进一步,塔宾曲霉为活菌体、死菌体和发酵清液中的至少一种。
进一步,发酵清液通过以下方法制备得到:将塔宾曲霉进行发酵培养,固液分离,得发酵清液。
进一步,发酵培养时,接种量为1×105-1×106CFU/mL,转速为100-120rpm,温度为30-39℃,时间为72-96h。
进一步,在12000rpm和0-20℃条件下固液分离20min。
本发明提供的塔宾曲霉经过培育能够产生大量的塔宾曲霉活菌体,本发明对培养方法没有特别的限制,只要通过该培养方法可以使所述塔宾曲霉大量增殖即可,例如,可以将塔宾曲霉在平板培养基中培养至产孢,利用生理盐水洗脱孢子并充分振荡、稀释后获得孢子悬浮液,孢子液可以4℃冰箱下保存备用,或者直接接种至发酵培养基中进行发酵培养。
上述塔宾曲霉在制备单宁酶和/或降解单宁中的应用。
一种降解单宁的方法,包括以下步骤:
将上述塔宾曲霉和含有单宁的样品按体积比1-3:1进行发酵。
进一步,在pH值4-6、30-40℃和100-120rpm条件下发酵72-96h。
进一步,含有单宁的样品中,单宁含量为10-20g/L。
发酵后可以采用加入甲醇的方式终止降解,所述发酵后还可以进一步对单宁经降解获得的产物(如没食子酸、儿茶素、鞣花酸)进行纯化处理,例如,采用萃取、结晶、过滤等方式;所述含有单宁的样品可以为含有单宁的溶液,单宁具体可以为鞣花单宁、没食子单宁;所述含有单宁的样品也可以通过将含有单宁的植物原料经提取处理得到。
发酵可以是将塔宾曲霉的发酵菌体(活菌体或者死菌体)与所述含有单宁的样品混合,使得塔宾曲霉中的单宁酶对单宁进行降解,也可以是将塔宾曲霉的发酵产物(含有单宁酶的发酵清液,或者从塔宾曲霉的发酵液中提取、纯化得到的单宁酶)与所述含有单宁的样品混合,以对单宁进行降解。
综上所述,本发明具备以下优点:
1、本发明筛选得到了塔宾曲霉 TPDA-1,然后将其用于制备单宁酶和/或降解单宁中,为单宁酶的生产开发提供了新的路径,有效解决了单宁酶产量低、生物降解单宁无法工业化生产等问题。
2、本发明的塔宾曲霉 TPDA-1在制备单宁酶和降解单宁中具有很好的效果,经发酵培养得到的发酵清液中单宁酶的酶活性较高,对单宁的特异性转化能力强;其单宁降解率最高为92%,具有很好的应用价值。同时,本发明塔宾曲霉 TPDA-1中的单宁酶在进行单宁降解时,使用便捷,具有广泛的pH和温度的耐受性,酶解效率高。
附图说明
图1为初筛菌株示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1塔宾曲霉 TPDA-1的分离筛选
通过传统分离方法从华南农业大学林学院辣木树下的土样分离筛选微生物,具体步骤如下:
S1、采样:采集华南农业大学林学院辣木树下的土样(北纬23°07’,东经113°19’);
S2、富集:取10g土样于90mL的无菌水中,于28℃、180 rpm条件下培养过夜。过夜培养液采用梯度稀释的方法稀释至10-1-10-5,富集培养基选用马铃薯葡萄糖培养基(主要成分为马铃薯提取液、葡萄糖),将梯度稀释后的菌液以2vt%的接种量接种于马铃薯葡萄糖培养基中,进行富集培养得到富集菌株;
S3、初筛:选用察氏固体培养基外加单宁酸作为初筛培养基,将S2得到的富集菌株取200 μL接种于初筛培养基中进行涂布,37℃下培养4d,通过初筛培养基中是否形成透明圈及透明圈直径与菌体直径比值大小(D/d),筛选出初筛菌株,具体可参见图1所示;
S4、复筛:选用察氏液体培养基外加单宁酸、葡萄糖及NaCl作为复筛种子培养基,将S3得到的初筛菌株培养至产孢,用无菌水对孢子进行洗脱制成孢子液,将孢子液以接种量为106CFU/mL接种于复筛种子培养基中,在温度为37℃、转速为120rpm的条件下进行复筛种子培养4d,得到复筛种子液;再将复筛种子液以接种量为2vt%接种至复筛发酵培养基中,在温度为37℃、转速为120rpm的条件下进行复筛种子培养4d,得到复筛发酵液;取复筛发酵液在温度为4℃、转速为12000rpm的条件下离心20min得到的上清液为复筛发酵清液,采用BCA法测定复筛发酵清液中的蛋白含量,以没食子酸丙酯作为底物测定单宁酶活性,将复筛发酵清液与浓度为10g/L的单宁酸水溶液以体积比1:1混合,于37℃、120rpm条件下液态发酵48h,测定没食子酸的生成率;根据没食子酸的产率及单宁酶的酶活选定目标菌株,即为复筛菌株;
S5、将S4得到的复筛菌株接种于PDA培养基,利用引物ITS4(TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC)和ITS5(GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG)对复筛菌株基因进行PCR扩增,对PCR扩增后的产物进行测序,序列测定由上海生工生物工程公司完成,序列测序结果如SEQ ID NO:1所示,将所测序序列提交至NCBI(National Center for BiotechnologyInformation),所测序列与NCBI数据库中进行比对,结果显示该序列与塔宾曲霉同源性为100%,说明本发明分离的具有降解单宁菌株为塔宾曲霉。
其中,初筛培养基包括30g/L的蔗糖、10g/L的单宁酸、3g/L的NaNO3、1g/L 的K2HPO4、0.5g/L的MgSO4·7H2O、0.5g/L的KCl、0.01g/L的FeSO4和1.8%琼脂;
复筛种子培养基包括30g/L的蔗糖、10g/L的单宁酸、3g/L的NaNO3、1g/L 的K2HPO4、0.5g/L的MgSO4·7H2O、0.5g/L的KCl和0.01g/L的FeSO4;
复筛种子培养基和发酵培养中的培养基组分为:30g/L的蔗糖、10g/L的单宁酸、3g/L的NaNO3、1g/L 的K2HPO4、0.5g/L的MgSO4·7H2O、0.5g/L的KCl和0.01g/L的FeSO4,发酵初始pH用40%浓度的NaOH溶液调整为5。
示例性地,复筛种子培养的条件至少满足:温度为35-39℃、100-200rpm、时间为72-96h;复筛发酵培养的条件至少满足:接种量为1-3vt%、温度为25-35℃、转速为100-200rpm、时间为72-96h。
实施例2制备单宁酶和/或降解单宁
制备单宁酶和/或降解单宁时,步骤如下:
(1)将实施例1得到的塔宾曲霉接种至平板培养基中进行涂布,在37℃的条件下培养至产孢,加入10mL左右的生理盐水,洗脱并充分振荡、稀释后获得浓度为106CFU/mL的孢子悬浮液,4℃冰箱保存备用;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的孢子悬浮液以接种量为106CFU/mL接入发酵培养基中,摇匀后用四层纱布封口在温度为37℃、转速为120rpm的摇床中进行发酵培养96h,完成发酵产酶过程,得到发酵液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的发酵液在温度为4℃、转速为12000rpm的条件下离心20min得到的上清液为发酵清液,将发酵清液与底物浓度10g/L的单宁酸水溶液以体积比为1:1进行混合,在温度为37℃、pH为5、转速为120rpm的条件下转化制备没食子酸96h,得到降解产物。将降解产物加入甲醇终止降解,混匀后测定没食子酸的含量,计算得到没食子酸的转化率可达63%。
实施例3制备单宁酶和/或降解单宁
制备单宁酶和/或降解单宁时,步骤如下:
(1)将实施例1得到的塔宾曲霉接种至平板培养基中进行涂布,在温度为37℃ 的条件下培养至产孢,加入10mL左右的生理盐水,洗脱并充分振荡、稀释后获得浓度为106CFU/mL的孢子悬浮液,4℃冰箱保存备用;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的孢子悬浮液以接种量为106CFU/mL接入发酵培养基中,摇匀后用四层纱布封口在温度为37℃、转速为120rpm的摇床中进行发酵培养96h,完成发酵产酶过程,得到发酵液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的发酵液在温度为0℃、转速为12000rpm的条件下离心20min得到的上清液为发酵清液,将发酵清液与底物浓度为10g/L的单宁酸水溶液以体积比为3:1进行混合,在温度为25℃、pH为3.0、转速为120rpm的条件下转化制备没食子酸60h,得到降解产物。将降解产物加入甲醇终止降解,混匀后测定没食子酸的含量,计算得到没食子酸的转化率可达73%。
实施例4制备单宁酶和/或降解单宁
制备单宁酶和/或降解单宁时,步骤如下:
(1)将实施例1得到的塔宾曲霉接种至平板培养基中进行涂布,在温度为37℃的条件下培养至产孢,加入10mL左右的生理盐水,洗脱并充分振荡、稀释后获得浓度为106CFU/mL的孢子悬浮液,4℃冰箱保存备用;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的孢子悬浮液以接种量为106CFU/mL接入发酵培养基中,摇匀后用四层纱布封口在温度为30℃、转速为200rpm的摇床中进行发酵培养 70h,完成发酵产酶过程,得到发酵液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的发酵液在温度为10℃、转速为12000rpm的条件下离心20min得到的上清液为发酵清液,将发酵清液与底物浓度为10g/L的单宁水溶液以体积比为2:1进行混合,在温度为40℃、pH为6.0、转速为200rpm的条件下转化制备鞣花酸40h,得到降解产物。 将降解产物加入甲醇终止降解,混匀后测定没食子酸的含量,计算得到没食子酸的转化率可达64%。
对比例1
采用常规方法制备单宁酶和/或降解单宁,步骤如下:
(1)发酵培养基的组分和含量为:蔗糖30g/L、NaNO32g/L、K2HPO 1g/L、KCI 0.5g/L、MgSO40.5g/L、FeSO40.01g/L,其余为水;灭菌后立即加入黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger),在温度为37℃、转速为120 rpm 的条件下摇床培养96h得到发酵液;
(2)酶解培养基的组分和含量为:单宁酸10g/L、NaNO32g/L、K2HPO 1g/L、KCI 0.5g/L、MgSO40.25g/L、FeSO40.01g/L,用40%的NaOH溶液调节pH值为5;将步骤(1)得到的发酵液以2vt%的接种量移至酶解培养基中,在温度为30℃、转速为120rpm的条件下摇床培养4天得到酶解液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的酶解液离心后利用高效液相色谱测定没食子酸的含量,计算得到没食子酸的转化率为23%。
综上所述,由实施例1-4和对比例1可知,塔宾曲霉在降解单宁产没食子酸上具有很好的应用效果,没食子酸转化率达到60%以上,在制备单宁酶和降解单宁上具有很好的应用前景。
虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了详细地描述,但不应理解为对本专利的保护范围的限定。在权利要求书所描述的范围内,本领域技术人员不经创造性劳动即可作出的各种修改和变形仍属本专利的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1. 一种塔宾曲霉(Aspergillus tubingensis),其特征在于,命名为塔宾曲霉 TPDA-1,于2023年03月23日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏编号为GDMCC No:63289。
2. 如权利要求1所述的塔宾曲霉,其特征在于,所述塔宾曲霉的ITS核苷酸序列如SEQID No:1所示。
3.权利要求1-2任一项所述的塔宾曲霉在制备单宁酶和/或降解单宁中的应用。
4.一种降解单宁的方法,包括以下步骤:将权利要求1-2任一项所述的塔宾曲霉和含有单宁的样品按体积比1-3:1进行发酵;在pH值4-6、30-40℃和100-120rpm条件下发酵72-96h;所述含有单宁的样品中,单宁含量为10-20g/L。
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