CN116508983A - 一种乳酸菌发酵整果枸杞产品的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种乳酸菌发酵整果枸杞产品的制备方法。该方法以整果枸杞为原料,包括:真空干燥灭菌、超声波辅助浸菌、发酵、真空冷冻干燥等步骤。主要选用植物乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、乳双歧杆菌进行混菌整果发酵,有效提高了整果枸杞抗氧化成分与抗氧化能力,改善了产品风味,出现了多种新芳香风味物质;采用的真空灭菌工艺综合了干热、湿热灭菌优点,即起到了较好的灭菌效果,又对整果形态起到了较好保持作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及枸杞深加工技术,特别是涉及一种乳酸菌发酵整果枸杞产品的制备方法。
背景技术
枸杞为茄科浆果灌木,枸杞成熟果实为枸杞子,具有很高的营养价值。枸杞的常见的加工方法有热风干燥、溶剂萃取和发酵。热风干燥成本低,但高温会使得一些活性成分损失。用水或酒精提取以生产枸杞汁和浸渍酒方法简单,但其中生物活性化合物的提取效率不高。发酵可以用来生产保留天然特性的产品,发酵时微生物可将原料中不能被人体直接使用的活性成分降解为活性小分子,进一步提高原料的营养价值,但目前枸杞发酵产品主要以液态酵素、果醋、果酒等产品为主。整果发酵的产品不仅具有独特的口感和营养价值,而且耐储存,易于包装和运输。但整果发酵产品与液态发酵产品不同,受前处理杀菌工艺欠缺、不利于均匀结菌发酵、发酵后产品形态易破损等问题限制,目前还没有形成技术和产品。
发明内容
本发明提供一种乳酸菌发酵整果枸杞产品的制备方法,该方法以整果枸杞为原料,优选益生菌进行整果发酵,本发明所采用的技术方案为:
一种乳酸菌发酵整果枸杞产品的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法以整果枸杞为原料,采用如下的步骤进行:
(1)真空干燥灭菌:将枸杞干果复水至水分含量40-50%,放入真空干燥设备中升温至75-80℃后开启真空泵,在100-150 MPa下干燥30-50分钟;
(2)超声波辅助浸菌:将步骤(1)处理后的枸杞浸入含有质量百分比为2%的复合乳酸菌发酵剂与0.75%的复合酶制剂溶液中,超声波处理5-10分钟,超声波功率为300 W、频率为40 kHz;所述复合乳酸菌发酵剂为植物乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、乳双歧杆菌,其重量份数比为:0.1:(0.1-2.0):(0.1-3.0);所述复合酶制剂为纤维素酶、果胶酶、蛋白酶,其重量份数比为1:1:1;
(3)发酵:将浸菌处理后的枸杞在温度37 ℃条件下发酵30-45 h;
(4)真空冷冻干燥:将发酵后的枸杞在真空度10 Pa,冷凝温度-55 ℃条件下冷冻干燥24 h,即制得发酵整果枸杞。
本发明进一步公开了所述方法制备的乳酸菌发酵整果枸杞产品在有效改善产品风味方面的应用。实验结果显示本发明整果枸杞在不降低枸杞多糖的情况下降低了产品甜度、配合适宜的酸度口感更加协调,抗氧化活性成分含量升高,风味更加柔和,柠檬、薄荷等清新风味更加突出。
本发明更加详细的描述如下:
1.真空干燥灭菌:将枸杞干果复水至水分含量40-50%,放入真空干燥设备中升温至75-80℃后开启真空泵,在100-150 MPa下干燥30-50分钟;
2.超声波辅助浸菌:将步骤(1)处理后的枸杞浸入含有质量百分比为2%的复合乳酸菌发酵剂与0.75%的复合酶制剂溶液中,超声波处理5-10分钟;
优选地,所述复合乳酸菌发酵剂为植物乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、乳双歧杆菌比例为0.1:(0.1-2.0):(0.1-3.0);特别优选上述各发酵剂活菌数1.5×1010CFU/g。
优选地,所述复合酶制剂为纤维素酶、果胶酶、蛋白酶比例为1:1:1;
优选地,所述超声波功率为300 W、频率为40 kHz;
3.发酵:将浸菌处理后的枸杞在温度37 ℃条件下发酵30-45 h;
4.真空冷冻干燥:将发酵后的枸杞在真空度10 Pa,冷凝温度-55 ℃条件下冷冻干燥24 h,即制得发酵整果枸杞。本发明制得的发酵整果枸杞口感酸甜协调、柠檬、薄荷等清新风味突出,掩盖了热风干制枸杞不良的熟制风味。
本发明主要解决了整果发酵枸杞产品缺乏的问题,重点考察了整果发酵枸杞的发酵效率、风味、功效成分等指标,主要的难点在于筛选适宜整果发酵的乳酸菌菌种并进行合理配比,结合特定的杀菌、接种前处理工艺,获得风味、功效俱佳的产品。
本发明公开的乳酸菌发酵整果枸杞产品的制备方法,与现有技术相比所具有的积极效果在于:
1、选用植物乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、乳双歧杆菌进行混菌整果发酵,有效提高了整果枸杞抗氧化成分与抗氧化能力,改善了产品风味,出现了多种新芳香风味物质;采用的真空灭菌工艺综合了干热、湿热灭菌优点,即起到了较好的灭菌效果,又对整果形态起到了较好保持作用。
2、选用的益生菌在不明显降低枸杞多糖的情况下,降低了其他还原糖的含量,起到了一定的降糖效果。
3、采用超声浸菌处理,使菌种均匀浸入枸杞果实内部,显著提高了发酵效率,使产品发酵更均匀、更充分。
附图说明
图1为本发明发酵枸杞与简单浸菌发酵枸杞活菌数对比图。
图2为本发明发酵枸杞与常规干制枸杞挥发性香气成分总离子流图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施方案叙述本发明。除非特别说明,本发明中所用的技术手段均为本领域技术人员所公知的方法。另外,实施方案应理解为说明性的,而非限制本发明的范围,本发明的实质和范围仅由权利要求书所限定。对于本领域技术人员而言,在不背离本发明实质和范围的前提下,对这些实施方案中的物料成分和用量进行的各种改变或改动也属于本发明的保护范围。本发明所用原料如植物乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、乳双歧杆菌、纤维素酶、果胶酶、蛋白酶等均由市售。
实施例1
一种乳酸菌发酵整果枸杞产品的制备方法,该方法以整果枸杞为原料,采用如下的步骤进行:
(1)真空干燥灭菌:将枸杞干果复水至水分含量40%,放入真空干燥设备中升温至75℃后开启真空泵,在100 MPa下干燥30分钟;
(2)超声波辅助浸菌:将步骤(1)处理后的枸杞浸入含有质量百分比为2%的复合乳酸菌发酵剂与0.75%的复合酶制剂溶液中,超声波处理5分钟,超声波功率为300 W、频率为40 kHz;所述复合乳酸菌发酵剂为植物乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、乳双歧杆菌,其重量份数比为:0.1:0.1:0.1;所述复合酶制剂为纤维素酶、果胶酶、蛋白酶,其重量份数比为1:1:1;
(3)发酵:将浸菌处理后的枸杞在温度37 ℃条件下发酵30 h;
(4)真空冷冻干燥:将发酵后的枸杞在真空度10 Pa,冷凝温度-55 ℃条件下冷冻干燥24 h,即制得发酵整果枸杞。
表1 本发明枸杞与普通干制枸杞营养成分对比表
从表1的数据可以看出本发明枸杞抗氧化成分和抗氧化能力均显著提升,还原糖含量降低,但特有的功效成分枸杞多糖无明显损失。
实施例2
一种乳酸菌发酵整果枸杞产品的制备方法,该方法以整果枸杞为原料,采用如下的步骤进行:
(1)真空干燥灭菌:将枸杞干果复水至水分含量50%,放入真空干燥设备中升温至80℃后开启真空泵,在150 MPa下干燥50分钟;
(2)超声波辅助浸菌:将步骤(1)处理后的枸杞浸入含有质量百分比为2%的复合乳酸菌发酵剂与0.75%的复合酶制剂溶液中,超声波处理10分钟,超声波功率为300 W、频率为40 kHz;所述复合乳酸菌发酵剂为植物乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、乳双歧杆菌,其重量份数比为:0.1:0.5:1.0;所述复合酶制剂为纤维素酶、果胶酶、蛋白酶,其重量份数比为1:1:1;
(3)发酵:将浸菌处理后的枸杞在温度37 ℃条件下发酵45 h;
(4)真空冷冻干燥:将发酵后的枸杞在真空度10 Pa,冷凝温度-55 ℃条件下冷冻干燥24 h,即制得发酵整果枸杞。
(5)检查项目挥发性风味物质见附图2,结果显示本发明枸杞柠檬、薄荷等清新风味更为突出。
Claims (2)
1.一种乳酸菌发酵整果枸杞产品的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法以整果枸杞为原料,采用如下的步骤进行:
(1)真空干燥灭菌:将枸杞干果复水至水分含量40-50%,放入真空干燥设备中升温至75-80℃后开启真空泵,在100-150 MPa下干燥30-50分钟;
(2)超声波辅助浸菌:将步骤(1)处理后的枸杞浸入含有质量百分比为2%的复合乳酸菌发酵剂与0.75%的复合酶制剂溶液中,超声波处理5-10分钟,超声波功率为300 W、频率为40kHz;所述复合乳酸菌发酵剂为植物乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、乳双歧杆菌,其重量份数比为:0.1:0.1-2.0:0.1-3.0;所述复合酶制剂为纤维素酶、果胶酶、蛋白酶,其重量份数比为1:1:1;
(3)发酵:将浸菌处理后的枸杞在温度37 ℃条件下发酵30-45 h;
(4)真空冷冻干燥:将发酵后的枸杞在真空度10 Pa,冷凝温度-55 ℃条件下冷冻干燥24 h,即制得发酵整果枸杞。
2.采用权利要求1所述方法制备的乳酸菌发酵整果枸杞产品在有效改善产品风味方面的应用。
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