CN116425764B - 一种含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron trifluoride etherate Chemical compound FB(F)F.CCOCC KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- QPTWWBLGJZWRAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,7-dibromo-9h-carbazole Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C2C3=CC=C(Br)C=C3NC2=C1 QPTWWBLGJZWRAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- SQTUYFKNCCBFRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(B(O)O)C(OC)=C1 SQTUYFKNCCBFRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- FIHILUSWISKVSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dibromo-9h-carbazole Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C=C2C3=CC(Br)=CC=C3NC2=C1 FIHILUSWISKVSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- DYHSDKLCOJIUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)OC(=O)OC(C)(C)C DYHSDKLCOJIUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- AYHGAQGOMUQMTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-bromophenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C1=CC(Br)=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 AYHGAQGOMUQMTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006069 Suzuki reaction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- BMIBJCFFZPYJHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-5-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine Chemical compound COC1=NC=C(C)C=C1B1OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O1 BMIBJCFFZPYJHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003547 Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OTJZMNIBLUCUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 OTJZMNIBLUCUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004799 bromophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001923 cyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PTPGZCQGDXUUAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound N=1C(Br)=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 PTPGZCQGDXUUAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 229960000549 4-dimethylaminophenol Drugs 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 150000002678 macrocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000007725 thermal activation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 38
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002189 fluorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JIHQDMXYYFUGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C1=NC=NC=N1 JIHQDMXYYFUGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 4
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- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021595 Copper(I) iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(i) iodide Chemical compound I[Cu] LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpyridin-2-amine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=N1 PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001196 time-of-flight mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 triazine compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
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- C07D487/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子及其制备方法和应用。该大环分子为由D‑A基团连接而成的环状分子,包括化合物27CzPhTzM或化合物36CzPhTzM。该大环分子应用于有机电致发光器件领域。与现有技术相比,本发明拓宽了热激活延迟荧光材料的应用范围,合成了具有热激活延迟荧光性质的环状分子,为大环化合物应用于有机电致发光领域提供了新思路。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及超分子大环的有机合成领域,具体涉及一种含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
2012年,日本九州大学的Adachi教授在Nature上首次报道了一种基于热激活延迟荧光(TADF)机制文(Nature.,2012,492,234),实现高效发光的无金属化荧光OLED,由于该类材料能够同时利用单线态激子和三线态激子的能量发光,因此其器件效率远高于传统的荧光材料,在理论上,其发光效率与磷光材料相当,且价格远远低于磷光材料。因此,新型TADF材料的开发,为高效率荧光器件的制备,带来了巨大的前景应用。为了实现TADF发光,有机材料需要具有极小的三线激发态-单线激发态能级差(AEst),这样才能够保证在激发情况下,三线态通过反向系间窜跃,返回单线态,再由单线态返回基态,从而实现热激活延迟荧光发光。
发光大环已成为超分子化学和材料科学领域中有前途的工具。由于其明确的环状结构、多样的主客体化学和理想的光物理性质,这类大环在化学传感器、生物医药、光电子器件和许多其他领域都有潜在的应用。在过去几十年中,发光大环被确定为有吸引力的合成靶点。通常,化学家采用合成后修饰策略来赋予大环以发光性质。但这种策略通常伴随着多步骤有机合成。因此,化学家倾向于制备具有固有发光骨架的大环化合物,这无疑更加有趣和吸引人。有时,在发光大环支架中可能会发现意外的结构-性能关系,这可能为新的应用领域打开了大门。基于这一思想,已经精心设计和构建了多种荧光大环,如碟状芳烃、宝塔状芳烃,共轭大环等等,这些大环的诞生突显了超分子发光材料的重要性,并为其实际应用奠定了坚实的基础,这进一步鼓励化学家继续开发具有显著性质的新型大环。
自Adachi小组开展开创性工作以来,已经基于线性或支链供体-受体(D-A)结构开发了大量TADF分子。相比之下,仅报道了有限数量的大环TADF分子,这可能是由于构建此类大环支架的合成挑战。此外,在这些报道的TADF大环中,高的光致发光量子产率(PLQY)很少,这阻碍了这类大环的实际应用。因此,仍然迫切需要开发具有良好合成可及性和高PLQY的新型TADF大环。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷中的至少一个而提供一种含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子及其制备方法和应用。以解决现有的热激活延迟荧光材料在环状分子中应用较少的问题,为大环化合物在有机电致发光器件领域的应用提供了无限的可能。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子,该大环分子为由D-A基团连接而成的环状分子,其中:
D基团结构式为如下结构的至少一种:
A基团结构式如下:
该大环分子将单一的D-A基团连接成环状,为环状化合物在热激活延迟荧光领域的应用提供新的方向。其变温荧光光谱图中荧光强度随着温度升高而增强。本发明通过核磁共振氢谱和碳谱(1H NMR、13C NMR、飞行时间质谱(MALDI-T0F MS)等表征TADF材料的结构,通过热重分析测试了材料的热稳定性,通过循环伏安法表征了它们的电化学性质,通过荧光光谱测试了材料的光学性质。
进一步地,该大环分子为27CzPhTzM,结构式为:
进一步地,该大环分子为36CzPhTzM,结构式为:
一种如上所述含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
制备中间体1:在保护气氛下,将2,4-二甲氧基苯硼酸和2,7-二溴咔唑在1,4二氧六环和水混合溶剂中发生Suzuki偶联反应,分离纯化后,得到中间体1;
制备中间体2:在4-DMAP的催化下,将中间体1和二碳酸二叔丁酯在丙酮中反应,分离纯化后,得到中间体2;
制备中间体3:将中间体2、多聚甲醛和三氟化硼乙醚催化剂在1,2-二氯乙烷中发生傅克烷基化反应,得到带有Boc保护基团的三元环化合物,即中间体3;
制备中间体4:将中间体3在甲苯中回流,并加入硅胶粉,得到脱除保护基团的环状化合物,即中间体4;
制备27CzPhTzM:将中间体4与2-(4-溴苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪在碳酸铯的DMF溶液里回流,得到含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子27CzPhTzM,合成路线如下所示:
进一步地,2,7-二溴咔唑、2,4-二甲氧基苯硼酸的摩尔比为(14-15):(35-40);
中间体1、二碳酸二叔丁酯和4-二甲基氨基吡啶的摩尔比为6:(5-6):(2.5-3.5)。
中间体2、多聚甲醛和三氟化硼乙醚的摩尔比为(2-3):(6-7):(3-4);
中间体4、2-(4-溴苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪和碳酸铯的摩尔比为(0.5-1):(2-2.5):(1.5-2)。
进一步地,2,7-二溴咔唑、2,4-二甲氧基苯硼酸的摩尔比为、14.8:37.0;
中间体1、二碳酸二叔丁酯和4-二甲基氨基吡啶的摩尔比为、6:5.66:3;
中间体2、多聚甲醛和三氟化硼乙醚的摩尔比为2.21:6.63:3.32;
中间体4、2-(4-溴苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪和碳酸铯的摩尔比为0.6:2.4:1.8。
一种如上所述含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
制备中间体5:在保护气氛下,将2,4-二甲氧基苯硼酸和3,6-二溴咔唑在1,4二氧六环和水混合溶剂中发生Suzuki偶联反应,分离纯化后,得到中间体5;
制备中间体6:将中间体5和对二溴苯、碳酸钾在DMF中反应,分离纯化后,得到中间体6;
制备中间体7:将中间体6、多聚甲醛和三氟化硼乙醚催化剂在三氯甲烷中发生傅克烷基化反应,得到带有溴苯基团的二元环化合物,即中间体7;
制备中间体8:将中间体7和联硼酸频那醇酯在乙酸钾催化下回流,得到中间体8;
制备36CzPhTzM:将中间体8和1,3,5-三嗪,2-溴-4,6-二苯基通过Suzuki偶联反应,得到含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子36CzPhTzM,合成路线如下所示:
进一步地,3,6-二溴咔唑、2,4-二甲氧基苯硼酸的摩尔比为(14-15):(35-40);
中间体5、对二溴苯和碳酸钾的摩尔比为0.6:(1-1.5):(2.5-3.5);
中间体6、多聚甲醛和三氟化硼乙醚的摩尔比为1:(2-3):(0.8-1.2);
中间体7、联硼酸频那醇酯和乙酸钾的摩尔比为1:(2.5-3.5):(2.5-3.5);
中间体8和1,3,5-三嗪,2-溴-4,6-二苯基的摩尔比为1:(2.5-3.5)。
进一步地,其特征在于,3,6-二溴咔唑、2,4-二甲氧基苯硼酸的摩尔比为14.8:37.0;
中间体5、对二溴苯和碳酸钾的摩尔比为0.6:1.2:2.6;
中间体6、多聚甲醛和三氟化硼乙醚的摩尔比为1:2.5:1;
中间体7、联硼酸频那醇酯和乙酸钾的摩尔比为1:3:3;
中间体8和1,3,5-三嗪,2-溴-4,6-二苯基的摩尔比为1:3。
一种如上所述含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子的应用,该大环分子应用于有机电致发光器件领域。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)本发明检测材料是供电子基团的甲氧基和咔唑和缺电子的三嗪化合物构成的推拉电子体系,使其存在分子内电荷转移,这类材料可以有效组成D-A体系从而实现热激活延迟荧光性质;
(2)本发明获得的TADF材料具有良好的光谱、热和电化学稳定性;
(3)本发明拓宽了热激活延迟荧光材料的应用范围,合成了具有热激活延迟荧光性质的环状分子,为大环化合物应用于有机电致发光领域提供了新思路。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中27CzPhTzM的1H-NMR图;
图2为实施例1中27CzPhTzM的13C-NMR图;
图3为实施例2中36CzPhTzM的1H-NMR图;
图4为实施例2中36CzPhTzM的13C-NMR图;
图5为实施例1中27CzPhTzM的质谱图;
图6为实施例2中36CzPhTzM的质谱图;
图7为27CzPhTzM和36CzPhTzM的变温荧光光谱图;
图8为27CzPhTzM和36CzPhTzM在不同溶剂下的荧光光谱图;
图9为27CzPhTzM和36CzPhTzM的CV图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1
一种含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子及其制备方法和应用,具体如下:
27CzPhTzM的合成路线如下所示
具体包括以下步骤:
(1)制备中间体1
将2,7-二溴咔唑(5.00g,14.8mmol),2,4-二甲氧基苯硼酸(6.73g,37.0mmol)溶于250mL的二氧六环:水=5:1的混合溶液中,然后向溶剂中加入Pd(dppf)Cl2(0.22g,0.30mmol)和Na2CO3(3.23g,29.6mmol),在N2保护下,将反应物回流48h。所得反应液真空浓缩,将浓缩后的固体溶于二氯甲烷中,用水萃取,将有机层有Na2SO4干燥,浓缩旋干拌样,用PE:DCM=2:1的展开液过柱子,得9.5g白色固体中间体1,产率为80%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.06(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),8.03(s,1H),7.56(s,2H),7.36(m,4H),6.61(m,4H),3.88(s,6H),3.83(s,6H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):160.1,157.5,139.9,135.8,131.7,124.3,121.9,121.3,119.6,111.4,104.6,99.1,55.6,55.4.
(2)制备中间体2
在250mL烧瓶中,将中间体1(2.63g,6mmol)溶解在丙酮(120mL)中。依次加入二碳酸二叔丁酯(2.6mL,5.66mmol)和二甲基氨基吡啶(0.3675g,3mmol)将反应混合物在室温下搅拌10h。蒸发溶剂减压。将粗产物溶解在5mL的二氯甲烷中,加入250mL石油醚,得到2.65g白色粉末中间体2,产率为95%.1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.47(d,J=1.2Hz,2H),7.96(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.51(dd,J=8.0and 1.6Hz,2H),7.37(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.61(m,4H),3.88(s,6H),3.84(s,6H),1.73(s,9H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):160.2,157.5,151.1,138.9,137.2,131.7,124.8,124.3,124.2,118.7,117.2,104.7,99.1,83.5,55.6,55.4,28.4(3C).
(3)制备中间体3
在250mL 1,2-二氯乙烷中加入(1g,2.21mmol)中间体2接着加入(0.17g,6.63mmol)多聚甲醛,搅拌十分钟后,再加入(0.30mL,3.32mmol)三氟化硼乙醚作为催化剂。反应液由无色逐渐变为浅紫色,直至深紫色,反应过程中通过点板检测,1个小时左右用水进行淬灭。整个反应在室温下进行。最后将反应液分别用饱和NaHCO3水溶液清洗,使得反应彻底淬灭,然后用饱和NaCl溶液使反应液破除乳化,最后有机相用Na2SO4干燥,然后进行拌样旋干装柱子。通过柱层析调节展开剂用纯二氯甲烷过柱子得到一个白色固体产物中间体3,产率为48%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.40(s,6H),7.87(d,J=8.0Hz,6H),7.41(dd,J=8.0and 1.6Hz,6H),7.07(s,6H),7.59(s,6H),3.96(s,6H),3.90(s,18H),3.82(s,18H),1.49(s,27H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δS6(ppm):157.6,155.7,150.9,138.7,137.2,132.2,124.7,124.0,123.2,121.3,118.6,117.3,96.0,83.2,55.9,55.8,28.1,26.8.
(4)制备中间体4
称取中间体3(1g,0.6mmol)于50mL的圆底烧瓶中,加入25mL甲苯溶液中搅拌使原料完全溶解,然后加入2g硅胶(300-400目),加热回流过夜,反应结束冷却至室温,通过抽滤,用20mL二氯甲烷冲洗硅胶,将滤液真空浓缩得白色固体,将白色固体溶于少量的二氯甲烷中,然后过量的石油醚,溶液中有固体析出为中间体4,0.74g,产率为82%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):7.83(d,J=8.0Hz,6H),7.80(s,3H),7.34(d,J=1.2Hz,6H),7.23(dd,J=8.0and 1.2Hz,6H),7.06(s,6H),6.55(s,6H),4.00(s,6H),3.82(s,18H),3.75(s,18H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):157.5,155.8,140.0,135.8,132.3,123.5,121.5,121.2,121.1,119.2,111.5,96.0,55.9,55.7,28.2.
(5)制备27CzPhTzM
将中间体4(1g,0.6mmol)、2-(4-溴苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪(0.93g,2.4mmol)和碳酸铯(0.59g,1.8mmol)加入到100mL的茄形瓶中,加入溶剂DMF(50mL),在氩气保护下,加热到150℃,反应24h。然后冷却至室温,将产物倒入饱和食盐水中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,然后用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干,拌样,装柱提纯,调节展开剂至乙酸乙酯:石油醚=2:1,得到27CzPhTzM,产率为90%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=8.61(d,J=8.6,2H),8.50(d,J=7.0,4H),7.83(d,J=8.1,2H),7.55(s,2H),7.53–7.39(m,9H),7.23(d,J=8.2,2H),6.90(s,2H),6.54(s,2H),3.91(s,2H),3.85(s,6H),3.71(s,6H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ171.21,170.45,157.71,155.92,141.68,140.34,136.39,136.11,134.07,132.38,130.53,129.03,128.46,125.96,123.44,122.42,122.18,121.54,119.62,110.81,96.32,56.28,55.93.27CzPhTzM的相关表征如图1、2、5所示。
实施例2
一种含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子及其制备方法和应用,具体如下:
36CzPhTzM的合成路线如下所示
具体包括以下步骤:
(1)制备中间体5
将3,6-二溴咔唑(5.00g,14.8mmol),2,4-二甲氧基苯硼酸(6.73g,37.0mmol)溶于250mL的二氧六环:水=5:1的混合溶液中,然后向溶剂中加入Pd(dppf)Cl2(0.22g,0.30mmol)和Na2CO3(3.23g,29.6mmol),在N2保护下,将反应物回流48h。所得反应液真空浓缩,将浓缩后的固体溶于二氯甲烷中,用水萃取,将有机层有Na2SO4干燥,浓缩旋干拌样,用PE:DCM=2:1的展开液过柱子,得10.45g白色固体中间体5,产率为88%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.17(s,2H),8.04(s,1H),7.56(dd,J=8.4,1.7Hz,2H),7.44(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.37-7.32(m,2H),6.64-6.58(m,4H),3.88(s,6H),3.82(s,6H);13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ159.91,157.58,138.86,131.69,129.63,127.71,124.60,123.54,121.17,110.17,104.66,99.13,55.69,55.52.
(2)制备中间体6
将中间体5(1g,0.6mmol)、对二溴苯(1.74g,1.2mmol)、碘化亚铜(0.03g,0.6mmol)和碳酸钾(0.05g,2.6mmol)加入到100mL的茄形瓶中,加入溶剂DMF(50mL),在氩气保护下,加热到180℃,反应24h。然后冷却至室温,将产物倒入饱和食盐水中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,然后用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干,拌样,装柱提纯,调节展开剂至二氯甲烷:石油醚=2:1,得到中间体6,产率为63%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.22(s,2H),7.74(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.58–7.48(m,5H),7.37(dd,J=16.3,8.7Hz,5H),6.62(dd,J=6.4,2.3Hz,4H),3.88(s,6H),3.82(s,6H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ160.13,157.64,139.90,137.19,133.20,131.67,130.67,128.66,127.99,124.35,123.83,121.37,120.75,109.12,104.76,99.22,55.78,55.60.
(3)制备中间体7
在250mL氯仿中加入(0.59g,1mmol)中间体6接着加入(0.07g,2.5mmol)多聚甲醛,搅拌十分钟后,再加入(0.01mL,1mmol)三氟化硼乙醚作为催化剂,反应过程中通过点板检测,半个小时左右用水进行淬灭。整个反应在室温下进行。最后将反应液分别用饱和NaHCO3水溶液清洗,使得反应彻底淬灭,然后用饱和NaCl溶液使反应液破除乳化,最后有机相用Na2SO4干燥,然后进行拌样旋干装柱子。通过柱层析调节展开剂用纯二氯甲烷过柱子得到一个白色固体产物中间体7,产率为55%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.02(s,2H),7.65(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.42(d,J=8.6Hz,4H),7.29(dd,J=8.4,3.8Hz,3H),6.85(s,2H),6.48(s,2H),3.85(s,2H),3.76(s,6H),3.69(s,6H);13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ157.67,155.93,139.69,133.16,132.19,131.36,128.73,128.51,123.79,123.66,121.41,120.91,108.85,96.03,56.14,55.84.
(4)制备中间体8
将中间体7(1.2g,1mmol)、联硼酸频那醇酯(0.76g,3mmol),Pd(dppf)Cl2(0.03g,0.05mmol)和乙酸钾(0.3g、3mmol)的混合物加入到有100mL,1,4-二氧六环的250毫升反应瓶中。将混合物在氮气气氛中在90℃下搅拌10h。冷却至室温后,减压蒸馏溶剂。所得混合物用CH2Cl2(3×70mL)萃取,然后依次用水和盐水洗涤。有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥并浓缩。残余物通过硅胶柱色谱纯化,得到中间体8(1.2g,92%)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.10(d,J=1.2Hz,2H),8.04(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.62(t,J=9.5Hz,2H),7.51–7.37(m,4H),6.93(s,2H),6.55(s,2H),3.92(s,2H),3.82(s,6H),3.76(s,6H),1.39(d,J=9.7Hz,12H);13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ157.60,155.94,139.66,136.44,132.22,131.21,128.38,126.07,123.83,121.34,120.87,109.14,84.17,56.16,55.82,25.08,24.73.
(5)制备36CzPhTzM
将中间体8(1.1g,1mmol),1,3,5-三嗪,2-溴-4,6-二苯基(0.93g,3mmol)溶于250mL的二氧六环:水=5:1的混合溶液中,然后向溶剂中加入Pd(dppf)Cl2(0.03g,0.05mmol)和Na2CO3(0.3g,3mmol),在N2保护下,将反应物回流24h。所得反应液真空浓缩,将浓缩后的固体溶于二氯甲烷中,用水萃取,将有机层有Na2SO4干燥,浓缩旋干拌样,用PE:DCM=1:2的展开液过柱子,得到黄色固体36CzPhTzM,产率为81%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.17(s,2H),8.04(s,1H),7.56(dd,J=8.4,1.7Hz,2H),7.44(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.37–7.32(m,2H),6.64–6.58(m,4H),3.88(s,6H),3.82(s,6H);36CzPhTzM的相关表征如图3、4、6所示。
上述实施例的材料是供电子基团的甲氧基和咔唑和缺电子的三嗪化合物构成的推拉电子体系,使其存在分子内电荷转移,这类材料可以有效组成D-A体系从而实现热激活延迟荧光性质。且本发明获得的TADF材料具有良好的光谱、热和电化学稳定性。本发明拓宽了热激活延迟荧光材料的应用范围,合成了具有热激活延迟荧光性质的环状分子,为大环化合物应用于有机电致发光领域提供了新思路。图7是27CzPhTzM和36CzPhTzM的变温荧光光谱图,从荧光强度与温度的正相关性则可看出这两种化合物具备热激活延迟荧光的特性。图8是27CzPhTzM和36CzPhTzM在不同溶剂下的荧光光谱图,荧光发射波长随着溶剂极性变大从而发生红移体现了它们的溶质变色效应。图9是27CzPhTzM和36CzPhTzM的CV图,图中均出现氧化还原峰,恰好证明了其可应用于有机电致发光领域的潜力。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子,其特征在于,该大环分子为27CzPhTzM,结构式为:
。
2.一种如权利要求1所述含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
制备中间体1:在保护气氛下,将2,4-二甲氧基苯硼酸和2,7-二溴咔唑在1,4二氧六环和水混合溶剂中发生Suzuki偶联反应,分离纯化后,得到中间体1;
制备中间体2:在DMAP的催化下,将中间体1和二碳酸二叔丁酯在丙酮中反应,分离纯化后,得到中间体2;
制备中间体3:将中间体2、多聚甲醛和三氟化硼乙醚催化剂在1,2-二氯乙烷中发生傅克烷基化反应,得到带有Boc保护基团的三元环化合物,即中间体3;
制备中间体4:将中间体3在甲苯中回流,并加入硅胶粉,得到脱除保护基团的环状化合物,即中间体4;
制备27CzPhTzM:将中间体4与2-(4-溴苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪在碳酸铯的DMF溶液里回流,得到含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子27CzPhTzM,合成路线如下所示:
。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子的制备方法,其特征在于,2,7-二溴咔唑、2,4-二甲氧基苯硼酸的摩尔比为(14-15): (35-40);
中间体1、二碳酸二叔丁酯和DMAP的摩尔比为6: (5-6): (2.5-3.5);
中间体2、多聚甲醛和三氟化硼乙醚的摩尔比为(2-3): (6-7): (3-4);
中间体4、2-(4-溴苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪和碳酸铯的摩尔比为(0.5-1): (2-2.5): (1.5-2)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子的制备方法,其特征在于,2,7-二溴咔唑、2,4-二甲氧基苯硼酸的摩尔比为14.8: 37.0;
中间体1、二碳酸二叔丁酯和DMAP的摩尔比为6: 5.66: 3;
中间体2、多聚甲醛和三氟化硼乙醚的摩尔比为2.21: 6.63: 3.32;
中间体4、2-(4-溴苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪和碳酸铯的摩尔比为0.6: 2.4:1.8。
5.一种含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子,其特征在于,该大环分子为36CzPhTzM,结构式为:
。
6.一种如权利要求5所述含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
制备中间体5:在保护气氛下,将2,4-二甲氧基苯硼酸和3,6-二溴咔唑在1,4二氧六环和水混合溶剂中发生Suzuki偶联反应,分离纯化后,得到中间体5;
制备中间体6:将中间体5和对二溴苯、碳酸钾在DMF中反应,分离纯化后,得到中间体6;
制备中间体7:将中间体6、多聚甲醛和三氟化硼乙醚催化剂在三氯甲烷中发生傅克烷基化反应,得到带有溴苯基团的二元环化合物,即中间体7;
制备中间体8:将中间体7和联硼酸频那醇酯在乙酸钾催化下回流,得到中间体8;
制备36CzPhTzM:将中间体8和2-溴-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪通过Suzuki偶联反应,得到含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子36CzPhTzM,合成路线如下所示:
。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子的制备方法,其特征在于,3,6-二溴咔唑、2,4-二甲氧基苯硼酸的摩尔比为(14-15): (35-40);
中间体5、对二溴苯和碳酸钾的摩尔比为0.6: (1-1.5): (2.5-3.5);
中间体6、多聚甲醛和三氟化硼乙醚的摩尔比为1: (2-3): (0.8-1.2);
中间体7、联硼酸频那醇酯和乙酸钾的摩尔比为1: (2.5-3.5): (2.5-3.5);
中间体8和2-溴-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪的摩尔比为1: (2.5-3.5)。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子的制备方法,其特征在于,3,6-二溴咔唑、2,4-二甲氧基苯硼酸的摩尔比为14.8: 37.0;
中间体5、对二溴苯和碳酸钾的摩尔比为0.6: 1.2: 2.6;
中间体6、多聚甲醛和三氟化硼乙醚的摩尔比为1: 2.5: 1;
中间体7、联硼酸频那醇酯和乙酸钾的摩尔比为1: 3: 3;
中间体8和2-溴-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪的摩尔比为1: 3。
9.一种如权利要求1或权利要求5所述含三嗪和咔唑的热激活延迟荧光大环分子的应用,其特征在于,该大环分子应用于有机电致发光器件领域。
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