CN116421874A - 一种载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片及其制备方法,所述微针贴片包含基底和微针,所述基底和微针一体成型,基底和微针均由以下组分制成:第一透明质酸钠、第二透明质酸钠、抗血管瘤活性药物、1,2‑己二醇、水;按照质量百分比计,所述酶切寡聚透明质酸钠:透明质酸钠:抗血管瘤活性药物:1,2‑己二醇:水的质量百分比=(15~18):(1~2):(1~20):(1~2):(60~80);其中,第一透明质酸钠为酶切寡聚透明质酸钠,酶切寡聚透明质酸钠的分子量是8000~10000;第二透明质酸钠的分子量是20万~40万。本发明制备得到的载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片可适用于婴幼儿血管瘤治疗,药物通过针孔进入皮肤内部,大大提高药物疗效,制备成本较低,具有较大的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微针应用领域,具体涉及一种载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片及其制备方法。
背景技术
婴幼儿血管瘤(infantile hemangioma,IH)和脉管畸形(vascular anomalies)是一种良性先天性疾病,白种人发病率约为4%~5%。血管瘤好发部位为头面部,约占60%以上,其次是躯干和四肢。通常根据病变深度分为浅表型(位于乳头状真皮层)、深部型(位于网状真皮层或皮下组织)和混合型(同时具有浅表血管瘤和深部血管瘤的特点)。根据病变发展的过程,分为增殖期、消退期和消退完成期。虽然文献报道大多数血管瘤可以自行消退,但自行消退后局部往往遗留红斑、色素改变、毛细血管扩张、瘢痕和纤维脂肪组织残余,不同程度地影响美观。同时血管瘤的整个生长周期过程中可出现出血、糜烂、影响容貌,甚至影响重要部位功能等症状。因此,目前主张除位于非美观部位、局限、稳定的小血管瘤和脉管畸形外,其他血管瘤均应积极治疗而不是等待观察。
目前有文献和专利报道用药物滴眼液、口服液混合敷料、软膏等剂型可用来治疗血管瘤和脉管畸形。但上述已存在药剂均存在不足之处:如滴眼液及口服液混合敷料在短时间内迅速挥发,药物不能起到长效作用,且长时间使用会导致皮肤干燥,脱皮等不良反应;涂膏剂不易干燥,容易被衣物等外物蹭掉且不容易被皮肤吸收,并且现存在外用方式皆有渗透性的局限性,不能有效的促进药物作用于较深的真皮层或皮下病灶。
因此,亟需一种能够适合婴幼儿使用不易被擦拭掉、微创易吸收、渗透性更好且成本较低的药物剂型以适应市场的需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有外用抗血管瘤外用涂抹药物易被擦拭,无法达到治疗疗效的缺陷。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了一种载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片,所述微针贴片包含基底和微针,所述基底和微针一体成型,所述基底和微针均由以下组分制成:第一透明质酸钠、第二透明质酸钠、抗血管瘤活性药物、1,2-己二醇、水;按照质量百分比计,所述酶切寡聚透明质酸钠:透明质酸钠:抗血管瘤活性药物:1,2-己二醇:水的质量百分比=(15~18):(1~2):(1~20):(1~2):(60~80);其中,所述第一透明质酸钠为酶切寡聚透明质酸钠,所述酶切寡聚透明质酸钠的分子量是8000~10000;所述第二透明质酸钠的分子量是20万~40万。
较佳地,所述抗血管瘤活性药物至少包含马来酸噻吗洛尔、西罗莫司、复方倍他米松中的任意一种或者任意两种以上的组合。
较佳地,所述微针包含若干个,间隔布置在所述基底的表面。
本发明还提供了一种载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片的制备方法,包含以下步骤:S1,水浴温度下,向容器中加入第一透明质酸钠、第二透明质酸钠、抗血管瘤活性药物、1,2-己二醇、水,按照质量百分比计,所述酶切寡聚透明质酸钠:透明质酸钠:抗血管瘤活性药物:1,2-己二醇:水=(15~18):(1~2):(1~20):(1~2):(60~80),搅拌至均匀,得到混合溶液;常温下静置直至混合溶液无气泡产生;S2,提供一微针腔和基底腔相互连通的微针模具,将静置后的混合溶液加入所述微针模具中,通过离心使所述混合溶液填充至整个模具中,静置后凝固;S3,干燥,脱模后得到载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片。
较佳地,步骤S1中,所述水浴温度为70~90℃。
较佳地,步骤S1中,所述搅拌的时间为60~180分钟。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片采用的是将抗血管瘤活性药物直接混合在基底和微针中,制备原料安全性高、生物相容性好,当接触到血管瘤皮肤部位时,能够溶解于皮肤中,实现血管瘤部位的精准治疗,提高药物疗效,微创的给药方式使得患者顺应性好,实现患者的自主给药。
(2)可溶微针贴片所载的抗血管瘤药物为外用药物马来酸噻吗洛尔,常规情况下单独外用马来酸噻吗洛尔将导致渗透性有限,且易于蹭掉,而将马来酸噻吗洛尔制作成可溶微针贴片,不易被蹭掉,相较于现有贴片中使用的口服药物普萘洛尔,本发明可在制备时严格控制药物浓度,因此瘤体吸收的药量可以预知且可控制,具有较高的安全性。
(3)可以通过控制微针基底的面积和微针的数目和长短,实现对微针负载抗血管瘤活性药物的有序控释,减少抗血管瘤活性药物的损失。
(4)低分子透明质酸钠可以增加韧性,具有较好的机械性能,不易造成脆裂,不会引起明显的皮肤炎症、红肿、出血、疼痛、瘙痒等不良反应。
(5)制备方法简单、成本较低、无需大型设备即可实现大面积生产,具有极大的应用价值。
附图说明
图1为本发明的载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片制备的工艺流程示意图。
图2为本发明实施例1的载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片的扫描电镜图。
图3为本发明实施例1的载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片的显微镜图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步的说明。本发明未提及的实验材料均为市售取得,本发明未提及的实验方法均为本领域常用的实验方法。
自2008年首次报道使用普萘洛尔治疗婴幼儿血管瘤取得较佳疗效后,国内外研究者越来越关注β受体阻滞剂在治疗婴幼儿血管瘤方面的疗效和安全性。2010年,Guo等报道局部外用0.5%马来酸噻吗洛尔眼药水(每天2次,每次2滴)治疗眼睑血管瘤有效。随后,局部应用普萘洛尔、马来酸噻吗洛尔、激素治疗婴幼儿血管瘤的相关报道逐渐增多,所用剂型包括溶液或滴眼液、乳膏、凝胶、油剂、霜剂、纳米制剂、瘤体内注射等。2015年,有研究指出,许多脉管畸形的发病机制可能与体细胞MAP3K3、RASA1、PIK3CA等基因突变有关。该基因编码的蛋白处于mTOR信号通路的上游,因此西罗莫司,作为mTOR抑制剂,成为了治疗许多脉管畸形的靶向性药物。
近年来,微针经皮给药系统以其高效、均匀、无痛等优点受到广泛关注。其做法是使用金属或高分子材料制成几十至几百微米的实心或空心微针阵列,药物涂覆于微针表面或装载于内部,然后通过贴片形式经微针将药物导入皮肤内,不仅能在不触及痛觉神经的条件下有效穿过皮肤角质层,而且还可实现各种大分子药物和成分复杂药物的透皮传递。尤其是以高分子材料制成的可溶微针,刺入皮肤后可到达皮肤真皮层、药物及其载体完全溶解于皮肤,不仅可以提高药物的吸收利用,还可以避免皮肤对金属的过敏反应、安全性高,达到治疗目的。
目前现有的微针贴片大多是将活性药物散布在微针的针尖,并且使用的活性药物是口服药物普萘洛尔,载有口服药物的微针贴片治疗后,瘤体所吸收的药量不可预知且难以控制,并且特别在婴幼儿人群中容易造成全身吸收,安全性较差;另外现有的如载有抗血管瘤药物的外敷膏体类药物,如果直接外涂于婴幼儿皮肤表面,容易被婴幼儿擦拭掉,严重的甚至进入口中,造成危害。本发明采用的是将外用抗血管瘤活性药物采用包埋的方式直接混合在基底和微针上,外用抗血管瘤活性药物是临床上血管瘤外用药物的标准用药,当贴片与皮肤接触时,按压贴片若干分钟,针尖会让皮肤表面形成若干个微小的孔洞,基底和微针可以直接溶解于皮肤中,将携带的抗血管瘤活性药物带入皮肤内,且均匀分布,可以承载较大药量,治疗效果更好。
本发明的透明质酸钠、酶切寡聚透明质酸钠均由华熙生物科技股份有限公司提供,两种透明质酸钠仅仅分子量不同,CAS号均为9067-32-7。其中,酶切寡聚透明质酸钠的分子量小于10kDa,是使用安全酶切技术将大分子链切成的寡聚(即小链)的透明质酸钠产品,分子量越小越容易透皮溶解,具有高安全性和生物活性。
本发明提供了一种载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
S1,先将水加入容器中,升高水浴温度至70~90℃;
S2,向容器中继续加入酶切寡聚透明质酸钠、透明质酸钠、抗血管瘤活性药物、1,2-己二醇,按照质量百分比计,所述酶切寡聚透明质酸钠:透明质酸钠:抗血管瘤活性药物:1,2-己二醇:水=(15~18):(1~2):(1~20):(1~2):(60~80),搅拌60~180分钟至均匀,得到混合溶液;
抗血管瘤活性药物至少包含马来酸噻吗洛尔、西罗莫司、复方倍他米松中的任意一种或者任意两种以上的组合。
S3,将所述混合溶液在常温下静置直至混合溶液无气泡均一、稳定、无气泡、没有颗粒状物质析出;
S4,提供一微针腔和基底腔相互连通的模具,将所述静置后的混合溶液进行离心,离心的转速为3000~5000转/秒,离心的时间为4~6分钟,通过离心使混合溶液进入模具中;
S5,对所述模具进行电热鼓风干燥,电热鼓风干燥的温度为40~50℃,脱模后得到载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片。
实施例1载马来酸噻吗洛尔药物可溶微针贴片的制备
按照图1所示的工艺流程示意图进行如下操作:
(1)准备模具:按照所需基底形状、大小以及微针形状、数量制备阳模,再用阳模复制阴模,阴模内有相互连通的微针腔和基底腔;
(2)称量药物:向容器中加入水45g、1,2-己二醇0.338g,透明质酸钠(分子量200kDa-400kDa)0.675g,酶切寡聚透明质酸钠(分子量小于10kDa)7.65g、抗血管瘤活性药物0.54g,搅拌至均匀,得到混合溶液。按质量百分比计,抗血管瘤活性药物浓度为1%(马来酸噻吗洛尔药物);
(3)均质搅拌:先将水加入真空搅拌乳化反应器-均质机,打开循环水浴,将水浴温度升至85℃,再将酶切寡聚透明质酸钠、透明质酸钠、1,2-己二醇投入真空搅拌乳化反应器-均质机,按照质量百分比计,酶切寡聚透明质酸钠:透明质酸钠:抗血管瘤活性药物:1,2-己二醇:水=15:1:1:1:60,搅拌至均匀,得到混合溶液,搅拌时间为120分钟,静置待混合溶液均一、稳定、无气泡、没有颗粒状物质析出;
(4)灌装:将步骤(3)搅拌好的混合溶液加入模具中,每个模具灌装量为0.25±0.03g,通过离心使其进入模具中,离心机转速4000转/秒,离心时间5分钟。离心能够帮助酶切寡聚透明质酸钠、透明质酸钠更快进入针尖部分,离心速度比较低,离心后不会出现上清和沉淀,混合溶液以均匀的混合物的形式进入模具。
(5)干燥:打开干燥箱,将步骤(4)灌装后的模具送入干燥箱,打开鼓风,干燥30分钟后关闭鼓风,再将产品移动至电热鼓风干燥箱,启动干燥箱,45℃干燥50分钟后关闭;
(6)脱模:将干燥后的产品脱模,轻拿轻放,尽量不要碰到有颗粒的区域,将脱模的产品背面贴在水胶体圆片上,如图2、图3所示,得到马来酸噻吗洛尔可溶微针贴片,该微针针长180μm,底部直径100μm,相邻针尖间距340μm,每片贴片有微针824根。本发明制备得到的载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针为溶解微针,不同于固体微针、空心微针、涂层微针等其他种类微针。
本发明的马来酸噻吗洛尔浓度为1%,每根针的体积是0.0003914μL,相当于每片0.323μL,即每片搭载约3.23μg的马来酸噻吗洛尔。将制备得到的载马来酸噻吗洛尔药物可溶微针贴片贴在血管瘤皮肤位置,由于微针部分会在皮肤处刺出微小的孔洞,当可溶微针贴片贴在患处溶解成液体后,液体会通过微小的孔洞进入皮肤患处内部,从而将抗血管瘤药物成分带入体内。
实施例2载马来酸噻吗洛尔药物可溶微针贴片的患者实验
到目前为止,科学界还没有可靠的婴幼儿血管瘤动物模型,唯一经验证可靠的模型是将血管瘤干细胞皮下注射到裸鼠体内,模拟婴幼儿血管瘤从肿瘤消退成脂肪的消退时期变化。由于婴幼儿血管瘤的原代细胞及其细胞分化过程存在相当大的不稳定性,一种稳定且能概括婴幼儿血管瘤自然病程的动物模型尚缺(Khan ZA,Boscolo E,Picard A,etal.Multipotential stem cells recapitulate human infantile hemangioma inimmunodeficient mice.J Clin Invest.2008;118(7):2592-2599.)。
使用本发明制备得到的载马来酸噻吗洛尔药物可溶微针贴片用于婴幼儿血管瘤的治疗,本研究中所取得患者资料均经过上海交通大学附属第九人民医院伦理委员会审核并批准(伦理批件号:SH9H-2021-T168-1)。将载马来酸噻吗洛尔药物可溶微针贴片垂直贴在瘤体部位,按压至针尖和针底完全溶解,分别在不同时间段观察瘤体大小。
实验结果:患者1为手臂增生期婴幼儿血管瘤患者,初始瘤体大小为48mm×18mm×34mm,使用载马来酸噻吗洛尔药物可溶微针贴片一个月后,瘤体大小为48mm×16mm×32mm,使用载马来酸噻吗洛尔药物可溶微针贴片三个月后,瘤体大小为47mm×17mm×42mm。患者1治疗后,瘤体未见明显增长,红斑颜色变暗沉,提示开始消退。
患者2为手臂增生期婴幼儿血管瘤患者,初始瘤体大小为20mm×1.5mm×16mm,使用载马来酸噻吗洛尔药物可溶微针贴片两个月后,瘤体大小为15mm×1.5mm×18mm,使用载马来酸噻吗洛尔药物可溶微针贴片三个月后,瘤体大小为25.5mm×1.0mm×17mm,使用载马来酸噻吗洛尔药物可溶微针贴片六个月后,瘤体大小为23mm×1.0mm×22mm。患者2治疗后,肉眼可见瘤体部分消退,红斑褪去。
对照组为未经治疗的血管瘤患者,血管瘤在瘤体的增生期均出现瘤体积增大、颜色鲜红、皮下瘤体生长。结果表明,本发明制备得到的载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片对于婴幼儿血管瘤的治疗具有显著的作用。
综上所述,本发明所提出的载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片,包含基底和微针,基底和微针均采用由酶切寡聚透明质酸钠、透明质酸钠、抗血管瘤活性药物、1,2-己二醇、水制备而成并一体成型,抗血管瘤活性药物直接混合在基底和微针中,制备原料安全性高、生物相容性好,显著提高药物疗效,使用时将贴片直接接触血管瘤部位,能够完全溶解于皮肤中,实现血管瘤的精准治疗,微创的治疗方式更加适合婴幼儿患者,避免了外用药物被蹭掉的缺陷。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍,但应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。在本领域技术人员阅读了上述内容后,对于本发明的多种修改和替代都将是显而易见的。因此,本发明的保护范围应由所附的权利要求来限定。
Claims (8)
1.一种载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片,其特征在于,所述微针贴片包含基底和微针,所述基底和微针一体成型,所述基底和微针均由以下组分制成:第一透明质酸钠、第二透明质酸钠、抗血管瘤活性药物、1,2-己二醇、水;按照质量百分比计,所述第一透明质酸钠:第二透明质酸钠:抗血管瘤活性药物:1,2-己二醇:水的质量百分比=(15~18):(1~2):(1~20):(1~2):
(60~80);
其中,所述第一透明质酸钠为酶切寡聚透明质酸钠,所述酶切寡聚透明质酸钠的分子量是8000~10000;所述第二透明质酸钠的分子量是20万~40万。
2.如权利要求1所述的载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片,其特征在于,所述抗血管瘤活性药物至少包含马来酸噻吗洛尔、西罗莫司、复方倍他米松中的任意一种或者任意两种以上的组合。
3.如权利要求1所述的载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片,其特征在于,所述微针包含若干个,间隔布置在所述基底的表面。
4.一种如权利要求1~3中任意一项所述的载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片的制备方法,其特征在于,包含以下步骤:
S1,水浴温度下,向容器中加入第一透明质酸钠、第二透明质酸钠、抗血管瘤活性药物、1,2-己二醇、水,按照质量百分比计,所述第一透明质酸钠:第二透明质酸钠:抗血管瘤活性药物:1,2-己二醇:水=(15~18):
(1~2):(1~20):(1~2):(60~80),搅拌至均匀,得到混合溶液;常温下静置直至混合溶液无气泡产生;
S2,提供一微针腔和基底腔相互连通的微针模具,将静置后的混合溶液加入所述微针模具中,通过离心使所述混合溶液填充至整个模具中,静置后凝固;
S3,干燥,脱模后得到载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片。
5.如权利要求4所述的载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述水浴温度为70~90℃。
6.如权利要求4所述的载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述搅拌的时间为60~180分钟。
7.如权利要求4所述的载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述离心的转速为3000~5000转/秒,所述离心的时间为4~6分钟。
8.如权利要求4所述的载抗血管瘤药物可溶微针贴片,其特征在于,步骤S3中,所述干燥是进行电热鼓风干燥,所述电热鼓风干燥的温度为40~50℃。
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