CN116420569A - Comprehensive prevention and control method for pesticide decrement of southern fresh corn spodoptera frugiperda - Google Patents
Comprehensive prevention and control method for pesticide decrement of southern fresh corn spodoptera frugiperda Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
- A01M1/04—Attracting insects by using illumination or colours
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a comprehensive prevention and control method for reducing the consumption of a spodoptera littoralis pesticide in fresh corn. The growth process of the southern fresh corn is divided into 3 stages of seedling stage, spike stage and seed grain forming stage, and the comprehensive prevention and control technical method by agricultural, physical, biological and chemical prevention and control measures is implemented in the whole growth and development process of the corn based on the hazard rule of spodoptera frugiperda. The invention fully plays the synergistic control role of each technical measure on spodoptera frugiperda, controls the spodoptera frugiperda below the allowable level of economic damage, effectively reduces the application times and the use dosage of pesticide for preventing and controlling spodoptera frugiperda, avoids potential food safety hazards caused by exceeding the pesticide residue of agricultural products while reducing the agricultural production cost, and improves the yield and the quality of fresh corn. In addition, the purpose of sustainable development of a farmland ecological system and environmental protection of the pollution-free production of grains is achieved by implementing a comprehensive prevention and control method technology system for pesticide decrement of spodoptera frugiperda.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a comprehensive prevention and control method for pesticide decrement of spodoptera frugiperda in southern fresh corn, belongs to the technical field of agricultural pest control, and is particularly suitable for the fields of agricultural scientific research such as comprehensive control, corn green production, agricultural ecological environment protection and the like of spodoptera frugiperda in southern fresh corn in China.
Background
The fresh corn has rich nutrition and high economic value, and the large-scale planting benefit is obvious. In recent years, the planting scale of fresh corn in China including Fujian province, such as south China and southwest is gradually enlarged, the Fujian province is an important area for planting the fresh corn in the south, the area for planting the fresh corn in the year is 40 ten thousand mu, the annual output value reaches 40 hundred million yuan, and the industry of the fresh corn is in the forefront of China. Fresh corn has become one of important characteristic pillar industries in the south of China for promoting peasant income increase and an important engine for driving modern characteristic agriculture and village happiness in areas.
Spodoptera frugiperda (L.) kurzSpodopterafrugiperda(J.E. smith), also known as Fall Armyworm (FAW), is a multi-feeding agricultural significant pest, native to tropical and subtropical areas of the America. Spodoptera frugiperda has the advantages of wide host range, strong fertility, wide suitable area, strong migratory capacity and high diffusion speed ] And the like, is a worldwide agricultural significant pest. In month 1 of 2019, the corn-type spodoptera frugiperda invades the Yunnan of China, then rapidly spreads, and spreads to 26 provinces (municipal and autonomous areas) in the country in the same year. Invasion of spodoptera frugiperda is a serious hazard to agricultural safety production in China, especially corn planting industryThreat. The climate in the south of China is warm and moist, the crop planting diversity is rich, the method is very suitable for the colonization, the reproduction and the overwintering of spodoptera frugiperda, and the spodoptera frugiperda has established annual population generation in the south of China and forms a migratory insect source land. Therefore, the enhancement of spodoptera frugiperda monitoring, prevention and control is an important guarantee for guaranteeing the 'insect bite grain capture' in China.
In the process of coping with serious hazard threat of agricultural major cordyceps spodoptera littoralis, the emergency prevention and control problem is solved by implementing an integrated prevention and control strategy mainly comprising chemical prevention and control in the current stage of China, and remarkable effect is achieved. However, the new era requires agriculture to travel a green high-quality development path, so that the prevention and control work of spodoptera frugiperda is required to furthest reduce the use amount of chemical pesticides through technical innovation, slow down the generation and development of drug resistance of pests and realize the aims of low cost and green sustainable control. Therefore, the vast grain farmers are very urgent to need a technology and a method suitable for preventing and controlling spodoptera frugiperda so as to effectively reduce the production cost and improve the economic benefit. The national importance is also paid to the problems of excessive use of chemical pesticides, environmental pollution, food safety and the like in agricultural pest control, which makes it necessary to establish a comprehensive solution of spodoptera frugiperda systems, and the technical aspects of comprehensive prevention and control of pesticide decrement of the southern fresh corn spodoptera frugiperda in China are still blank.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive prevention and control method for pesticide decrement of southern fresh corn spodoptera frugiperda, which adopts the technical method comprising 5 key technical measures of pest early warning, agricultural control, physical control, biological control, chemical control and the like of the fresh corn spodoptera frugiperda, and the comprehensive prevention and control technical system of the fresh corn spodoptera frugiperda for pesticide decrement is constructed through scientific optimization integration and assembly and is applied to the production practice of southern fresh corn.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the comprehensive prevention and control method divides the growth process of the southern fresh corn into 3 stages of seedling stage, spike stage and seed forming stage, and implements comprehensive prevention and control technical method by agricultural, physical, biological and chemical prevention and control measures in the whole course of corn growth and development based on the generation hazard rule of the spodoptera frugiperda;
wherein, the agricultural control technical measures include:
(1) selecting insect-resistant corn varieties;
(2) performing body-building cultivation, scientifically measuring soil and applying fertilizer in a formula manner so as to improve the disease and insect resistance of corns;
(3) planting spodoptera littoralis around the ridge to repel plants so as to reduce the amount of insects in the field;
wherein the physical control technical measures comprise:
(1) solar insecticidal lamps are arranged on corn lands planted in large-area continuous planting mode to reduce the occurrence amount of lepidoptera pest cordyceps spodoptera frugiperda, corn borer, armyworm and cotton bollworm;
(2) in the peak period of adults, a trap is arranged in a concentrated continuous planting area by using an application trap and physicochemical trapping and controlling measures of trapping and killing food attractant so as to trap and kill spodoptera frugiperda adults;
wherein the biological control technical measures comprise:
(1) in a concentrated continuous planting area, an sex pheromone disorientation agent is applied to interfere the copulation and oviposition of spodoptera frugiperda adults in the imago copulation peak period so as to reduce the copulation rate and oviposition amount of spodoptera frugiperda and reduce the number of field larvae;
(2) when the number of the low-age larva stages and insect mouths of the field spodoptera littoralis larva is low in combination with field monitoring, spraying a biological pesticide preparation or a plant pesticide preparation;
(3) in combination with field monitoring, in the initial flourishing period of the oviposition of the field spodoptera litura adults, a large number of parasitic natural enemies and predatory natural enemies are released manually by the connecting sheets so as to implement biological control;
(4) intercropping or interplanting non-gramineous plants to protect parasitic natural enemies and predatory natural enemies of farmland habitats and to play a natural control role of biodiversity and a biological control role of natural enemies;
wherein, the chemical control technical measures comprise:
(1) Seedling stage
(1) Seed coating is carried out by using a seed treatment suspending agent before sowing so as to prevent and control the harm of pest cordyceps spodoptera frugiperda, needle worm, grub and cutworm in the seedling stage of corn;
(2) under the condition that seed coating treatment is not adopted in the sowing and seedling stage, the method of spraying seedbed with chemical agent with insecticidal effect or dipping corn seedlings with chemical agent is adopted for 1 time before corn transplanting;
(2) Spike period
(1) The corn spike period stage generally needs to apply chemical agents with high safety to natural enemy insects for 2 times in a whole-garden spray mode; the whole corn plant is uniformly sprayed and applied in the jointing period and the trumpet-shaped period, so that sufficient nutrients are provided for the late reproductive growth; spraying and applying medicines to the heart leaves, tassel and female ear parts of the corn plants in a large horn mouth period and a male picking and flowering period so as to effectively ensure the subsequent flowering and pollination rate and fruiting rate of the corn; when the spraying and applying agent is carried out in the whole field, 10% pyriproxyfen 1000-1500 times of liquid can be additionally added to inhibit hatching of spodoptera frugiperda eggs, so that the number of field larvae is greatly reduced;
(2) according to the occurrence condition of field spodoptera littoralis, the chemical agent with high safety to natural enemy insects can be sprayed and applied to the local area with serious harm for 1 time, and when the damage rate of corn plants from the corn jointing period or the trumpet-shaped period to the spinning period reaches the control index, the spraying and application of the chemical agent to the corn plant heart leaves and the upper parts of the plants are focused so as to protect corn growing points, stems and male and female flowers and lay a foundation for guaranteeing the corn yield and quality; spraying and applying the pesticide at most 3 times in the whole corn cob stage;
(3) Stage of grain formation
(1) Spraying a biological pesticide preparation or a plant pesticide preparation when the quantity of the field spodoptera littoralis larvae reaches more than 5-10; when the pest amount of the field spodoptera litura larvae of hundred corn plants reaches more than 10, spraying and applying a chemical agent with high safety to natural enemy insects; the whole seed particle forming stage is sprayed and applied for 1 time at most, and the application of the medicine to the female silk and corn ear part is emphasized, and the medicine application is stopped at least 14 days before corn picking.
The sex pheromone disorientation agent is selected from cis-8-dodecenol acetate, cis-9, 10, 11-tetradecene enol acetate.
The biological source pesticide preparation is selected from 100 hundred million spores/ml suspending agent of metarhizium anisopliae, 200 hundred million spores/g suspending agent of beauveria bassiana, 8000 IU/microliter suspending agent of bacillus thuringiensis, 10 hundred million PIB/ml suspending agent of prodenia litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus, 20 hundred million PIB/ml suspending agent of cabbage noctuid nuclear polyhedrosis virus and 10 hundred million PIB/ml suspending agent of alfalfa noctuid nuclear polyhedrosis virus; the botanical pesticide preparation is selected from 0.5% azadirachtin emulsifiable concentrate and 0.5% matrine aqua.
The parasitic natural enemies are selected from black wasps, yellow trichogramma and trichogramma; the predatory natural enemy is selected from ladybug, green lacewing and orius floridulus.
The seed treatment suspending agent is selected from cyantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole or chlorantraniliprole+thiamethoxam, cyantraniliprole or chlorantraniliprole+dinotefuran.
The chemical agent with insecticidal effect is selected from chlorantraniliprole, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran and cyantraniliprole.
The chemical agent with high safety to natural enemy insects is selected from 20% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent, 10% cyantraniliprole dispersible oil suspending agent, 5% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent, 10% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent, 5% emamectin benzoate, 15% indoxacarb suspending agent, 25% spinetoram and 5% lufenuron suspending agent.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed example of the present invention in the exemplary area of the present invention for planting the Ou city, the eastern city, the Pingyan city, the Fujian province, the Ou city, the Feng city, the Gui Lincun, the disclosure is not limited to the details of the present invention, and it should be understood that the equivalent substitutions, equivalent changes, modifications or corresponding improvements made in the disclosure of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention and are still included in the scope of the present invention.
1. Insect pest monitoring: the method comprises the steps of monitoring spodoptera frugiperda in the field by adopting an effective temperature accumulation method, a period distance method, a physical waiting period and a sex attractant trapping and observing technical means, predicting the population quantity and the development trend of spodoptera frugiperda according to the peak occurrence period of spodoptera frugiperda adults in the field and combining the damage rate of corn plants in the field, and issuing timely control and early warning.
2. Agricultural control:
(1) selecting a high-quality fresh corn variety with insect resistance, such as Mo Xian sweet 6188, taixian sweet No. 1, snow sweet 232 and the like.
(2) And (3) intensively and uniformly culturing robust corn seedlings by using seedling trays, removing diseased and weak seedlings, transplanting at a proper time in a 3-leaf period, and improving the stress resistance of corn with a planting density of 2500-3000 plants/mu.
(3) The method avoids large-area continuous planting of single corn varieties, and leguminous plants such as soybeans are planted around the ridge to serve as isolation belts, and the isolation belt plants can be planted in rows according to the plant spacing of 30-50 cm.
3. Physical control:
(1) the solar pest killing lamps are arranged in the field, 1-2 pest killing lamps are arranged in each 100 mu, and the occurrence amount of spodoptera littoralis adults is effectively reduced.
(2) In the peak period of adult occurrence, the open barrel-shaped insect trap, the special efficient attractant for spodoptera frugiperda, the special food attractant for spodoptera frugiperda and other physical and chemical trapping measures are applied, 1 open barrel-shaped insect trap is arranged in each mu in a concentrated continuous planting area, the distance between the insect trap in the seedling stage and the ground is 1-1.2 m, and the insect trap in the spike stage and the seed grain forming stage is 15-25 cm higher than the top of a plant. In the growth period of autumn corn, 30-50 spodoptera frugiperda adults can be trapped and killed by each trap every day. According to the lasting period of the lure of different sex attractants, the lure is generally replaced once every 1 month, and the lure of the high-efficiency nano-lure can be replaced once every 2-3 months.
4. Biological control:
(1) in a concentrated continuous planting area, sex pheromone disorientation agent (selected from cis-8-dodecenol acetate, cis-9, 10, 11-tetradecenol acetate and the like) is applied to the adult mating and oviposition in the adult mating peak period to set 20-40 disorientation wires per mu so as to effectively reduce the mating rate and oviposition amount of spodoptera frugiperda. Compared with the control area, the application of the disorientation agent reduces the field egg content of spodoptera frugiperda by more than 30 percent and the field spodoptera frugiperda larva quantity by more than 25 percent.
(2) When the number of low-instar larvae and insect mouths of field larvae is low (5-10 heads of 1-2 instar larvae are arranged on hundred-plant corn plants), spraying and applying a biological pesticide preparation (selected from 100 hundred million spores/ml of metarhizium anisopliae suspending agent 100-150 g/mu, or 200 hundred million spores/g of beauveria bassiana suspending agent 450-60 g/mu, or 8000 IU/microliter of bacillus thuringiensis suspending agent 500-600 g/mu, or 10 hundred million PIB/ml of prodenia litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus suspending agent 150-225 g/mu, or 20 hundred million PIB/ml of cabbage noctuid nuclear polyhedrosis virus suspending agent 50-75 g/mu, or 10 hundred million PIB/ml of silver noctuid nuclear polyhedrosis virus suspending agent 120-150 g/mu) or a plant pesticide preparation (selected from 0.5% azadirachta indica 90-120 g/mu or 0.5% matrine aqueous solution 80-100 g/mu). The compatibility of the biological source pesticide and natural enemies is high, the types and the quantity of the natural enemies of the corn fields controlled by the biological source pesticide are not obviously different from those of the corn fields not controlled by the biological source pesticide, the natural enemies in the biological source pesticide control area are 1.5-2 times that in the chemical pesticide control area, but the occurrence quantity of spodoptera frugiperda is obviously lower than that in the chemical control area, and the natural pest control effect of the natural enemies is fully exerted.
(3) In combination with field monitoring, in the initial flourishing period of oviposition of the field spodoptera littoralis adults (when the hundred corn plants have 2-3 egg masses), a large number of parasitic natural enemies (selected from the group consisting of spodoptera littoralis and trichogramma borer) and predatory natural enemies (selected from the group consisting of ladybug, chrysopa perla and orius parviflora) are released manually by a continuous piece, and the parasitic natural enemies are released according to 10000-2000 (3-5 points) per mu, and the predatory natural enemies are released according to 500-1000 (5-10 points) per mu so as to implement biological control. The demonstration result shows that the control effect of the natural enemy insect biological control area on spodoptera frugiperda is obviously higher than that of the chemical control area, and the green and environment-friendly advantages of biological control are highlighted.
(4) Interplanting between corn fields of different plots or interplanting beans such as soybean on two sides of a corn furrow to protect the parasitic nature and predatory natural enemies of the farmland habitat and play a role in natural control of biodiversity and natural enemies. Research results show that the field intercropping or interplanting of bean crops improves the richness of the corn Tian Tiandi insects by more than 15%, reduces the occurrence of spodoptera frugiperda by more than 10%, and further improves the biological control efficiency.
5. Chemical control technical measures
(1) Corn seedling stage (sowing-transplanting)
(1) Before sowing, seed treatment suspending agent (selected from cyantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole or chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam (the dosage proportion of the active ingredients is 2:1), cyantraniliprole or chlorantraniliprole and dinotefuran (the dosage proportion of the active ingredients is 1:1)) is adopted to carry out coating treatment on the seeds according to the dosage of 150-250 g/100 kg of the total active ingredients. The demonstration result shows that the seed coating treatment has 50-65% of control effect on the larva of spodoptera frugiperda in the corn seedling stage, more than 60% of control effect on corn seedling damage rate, and 80% of control effect on soil insects such as corn wireworms, grubs, cutworms and the like in the field.
(2) Under the condition that seed coating treatment is not adopted in the sowing and seedling raising period, a chemical control agent (selected from 2000-3000 times liquid of 20% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent, 2500-4000 times liquid of 25% thiamethoxam or 2000-3000 times liquid of 20% dinotefuran, 2000-3000 times liquid of 10% cyantraniliprole suspending agent, 2500-4000 times liquid of 25% thiamethoxam or 2000-3000 times liquid of 20% dinotefuran) is adopted for 1 time before corn transplanting by adopting a method of spraying a seedbed or carrying out medicament dipping treatment on corn seedlings by using 0.75-1.0 liter per square meter so as to realize the prevention and control effects on spodoptera frugiperda. The pesticide is sprayed and transplanted in the seedling stage, the pest control effect on spodoptera frugiperda larvae within 14 days after the transplanting is over 75%, the corn seedling damage rate is reduced by over 50%, compared with the field spraying pesticide application treatment in which the spodoptera frugiperda seedlings are greatly harmful for 1 time after the transplanting, the pesticide use amount is reduced by 50% -75%, the labor cost is reduced by over 50%, and meanwhile, the environmental risks of pesticide drift during field spraying pesticide application, pollution caused by pesticide entering field soil and the like are reduced.
(2) Corn ear stage (jointing-horn mouth stage-male pulling-flower raising-spinning)
(1) The corn spike stage generally requires 2 times of spray application throughout the garden. In the jointing period and the small bell mouth period, because the corn plants are in the vegetative growth period, the whole corn plants need to be uniformly sprayed and applied with medicine, and sufficient nutrient substances are provided for the late reproductive growth; in the large horn mouth period and the male picking and flowering period, spraying and applying medicines to horn mouth heart leaves, tassel and female ear positions are required to be focused, so that the subsequent flowering and pollination rate and fruiting rate of the corn are effectively ensured; the chemical agent selected for spray application is selected from 20% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent 10-15 g/mu, 10% cyantraniliprole dispersible oil suspending agent 15-20 g/mu, 5% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent 20-30 g/mu, 10% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent 30-40 g/mu, 5% emamectin benzoate solution 10-15 g/mu, 15% indoxacarb suspending agent 15-20 g/mu, 25% spinetoram water dispersing agent 10-15 g/mu, or 5% lufenuron suspending agent 40-60 g/mu. When the pesticide is sprayed in the whole field, 10% pyriproxyfen 1000-1500 times of liquid can be added according to the amount of 45 liters of liquid per mu, so that hatching of spodoptera frugiperda eggs is effectively inhibited, and the aim of greatly reducing the number of field larvae is fulfilled.
(2) On the basis of seedling stage prevention and control, field monitoring is enhanced in the corn ear stage, and local areas with serious harm can be sprayed with the pesticide for 1 time according to the occurrence condition of spodoptera frugiperda in the field. The damage rate of spodoptera frugiperda on the plants in the corn jointing period reaches more than 5% or the damage rate of the corn plants in the period from the bell mouth period to the spinning period reaches more than 10%, chemical control agents (20% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent 10-15 g/mu or 10% cyantraniliprole dispersible oil suspending agent 15-20 g/mu or 5% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent 20-30 g/mu or 10% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent 30-40 g/mu or 5% emamectin benzoate solution 10-15 g/mu or 15% indoxacarb suspending agent 15-20 g/mu or 25% spinetoram water dispersing agent 10-15 g/mu or 5% lufenuron suspending agent 40-60 g/mu) are sprayed in a field, and the upper part in the corn leaves and plants are uniformly applied, so that the foundation of corn growing points, stems and female flowers is laid for guaranteeing the corn yield and the quality. The chemical agent and the application dosage have the control effect of more than 93% on low-age larvae of spodoptera frugiperda 3-7 days after application. The spray application of the whole cob stage is not more than 3 times.
(3) Stage of corn seed formation
(1) After pollination, the corn enters a seed grain forming stage, which is the most critical growth stage of corn yield and quality, and is an important stage of economic loss caused by spodoptera frugiperda, especially loss caused by spodoptera frugiperda boring corn ears, so that field agent prevention and control work needs to be enhanced, and scientific selection of prevention and control agents is paid attention. When the quantity of the field spodoptera littoralis larva is large (the pest quantity of the hundred corn plants reaches more than 10), chemical control agents can be sprayed for control, the agent selection method is the same as that of the corn ear stage, but the agent dosage in unit area is properly reduced, and the chemical control agents are applied according to the lowest dosage of the registered dosage of the agents; when the quantity of the spodoptera frugiperda larvae in the field is low but reaches the control index (the pest quantity of the hundred corn plants is more than 5-10), the biological source pesticide or the plant source pesticide is selected for spraying and applying, and the medicament selection method is the same as the above. The biological or plant source pesticide has remarkable field control effect on low-age larvae of spodoptera littoralis.
(2) The corn grain formation stage is spray applied at most 1 time and requires strict control to stop pesticide application at least 14 days prior to corn picking. The spraying and applying at this stage should be especially focused on applying the medicines to the female ear filament and corn ear part to achieve the purposes of optimal prevention and control effect and protecting the corn ear.
6. Construction and demonstration of comprehensive prevention and control technology system for pesticide decrement use of southern fresh corn spodoptera frugiperda
The method follows the plant protection policy of 'pre-defense and comprehensive control', implements the 'green plant protection and public plant protection' concept, optimizes and assembles 5 key control technical measures of 'insect condition monitoring and early warning, agricultural control, physical control, biological control and chemical control' in a key growth period which is susceptible to the infection of spodoptera litura on grasslands and has great influence on the corn yield and quality in the clear fresh corn planting and cultivating process. The technical content of the invention is demonstrated by large-area application, and the result shows that the invention can realize the pesticide decrement for preventing spodoptera frugiperda by more than 30 percent, and simultaneously realize the comprehensive prevention effect for spodoptera frugiperda by more than 90 percent, thereby achieving the purposes of guaranteeing the safe production of grains and the protection of ecological environment and biodiversity of farmlands. The method has obvious economic, social and ecological benefits, and provides a novel mode for the pesticide decrement use of the fresh corn spodoptera frugiperda in the south.
7. By adopting the technical method, namely the comprehensive prevention and control technical method for the spodoptera frugiperda of the fresh corn for pesticide decrement use in the demonstration area, according to the actual investigation result, the comprehensive prevention and control effect is shown to be more than 90 percent, compared with the traditional chemical prevention and control means for peasants, the pesticide decrement use amount is more than 30 percent, the labor cost is reduced by more than 25 percent, the comprehensive prevention and control effect on the spodoptera frugiperda is more than 90 percent, the production cost of the fresh corn is obviously reduced, the yield and quality of the fresh corn are also obviously improved, the safety of agricultural products is simultaneously ensured, and the purposes of guaranteeing the safe production of grains and the protection of the ecological environment and biodiversity of farmlands are achieved. The method has obvious economic, social and ecological benefits, and provides a novel mode for comprehensively preventing and controlling the spodoptera frugiperda in the south fresh corn.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the invention, and all changes and modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (7)
1. A comprehensive prevention and control method for reducing pesticide consumption of spodoptera frugiperda in southern fresh corn is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the comprehensive prevention and control method divides the growth process of the southern fresh corn into 3 stages of seedling stage, spike stage and seed grain forming stage, and implements the comprehensive prevention and control technical method by agricultural, physical, biological and chemical prevention and control measures in the whole growth and development process of the corn based on the generation hazard rule of spodoptera frugiperda;
wherein, the agricultural control technical measures include:
(1) selecting insect-resistant corn varieties;
(2) performing body-building cultivation, scientifically measuring soil and applying fertilizer in a formula manner so as to improve the disease and insect resistance of corns;
(3) planting spodoptera littoralis around the ridge to repel plants so as to reduce the amount of insects in the field;
wherein the physical control technical measures comprise:
(1) solar insecticidal lamps are arranged on corn lands planted in large-area continuous planting mode to reduce the occurrence amount of lepidoptera pest cordyceps spodoptera frugiperda, corn borer, armyworm and cotton bollworm;
(2) in the peak period of adults, a trap is arranged in a concentrated continuous planting area by using an application trap and physicochemical trapping and controlling measures of trapping and killing food attractant so as to trap and kill spodoptera frugiperda adults;
wherein the biological control technical measures comprise:
(1) in a concentrated continuous planting area, an sex pheromone disorientation agent is applied to interfere the copulation and oviposition of spodoptera frugiperda adults in the imago copulation peak period so as to reduce the copulation rate and oviposition amount of spodoptera frugiperda and reduce the number of field larvae;
(2) when the number of the low-age larva stages and insect mouths of the field spodoptera littoralis larva is low in combination with field monitoring, spraying a biological pesticide preparation or a plant pesticide preparation;
(3) in combination with field monitoring, in the initial flourishing period of the oviposition of the field spodoptera litura adults, a large number of parasitic natural enemies and predatory natural enemies are released manually by the connecting sheets so as to implement biological control;
(4) intercropping or interplanting non-gramineous plants to protect parasitic natural enemies and predatory natural enemies of farmland habitats and to play a natural control role of biodiversity and a biological control role of natural enemies;
wherein, the chemical control technical measures comprise:
(1) Seedling stage
(1) Seed coating is carried out by using a seed treatment suspending agent before sowing so as to prevent and control the harm of pest cordyceps spodoptera frugiperda, needle worm, grub and cutworm in the seedling stage of corn;
(2) under the condition that seed coating treatment is not adopted in the sowing and seedling stage, the method of spraying seedbed with chemical agent with insecticidal effect or dipping corn seedlings with chemical agent is adopted for 1 time before corn transplanting;
(2) Spike period
(1) The corn spike period stage generally needs to apply chemical agents with high safety to natural enemy insects for 2 times in a whole-garden spray mode; the whole corn plant is uniformly sprayed and applied in the jointing period and the trumpet-shaped period, so that sufficient nutrients are provided for the late reproductive growth; spraying and applying medicines to the heart leaves, tassel and female ear parts of the corn plants in a large horn mouth period and a male picking and flowering period so as to effectively ensure the subsequent flowering and pollination rate and fruiting rate of the corn; when the spraying and applying agent is carried out in the whole field, 10% pyriproxyfen 1000-1500 times of liquid can be additionally added to inhibit hatching of spodoptera frugiperda eggs, so that the number of field larvae is greatly reduced;
(2) according to the occurrence condition of field spodoptera littoralis, the chemical agent with high safety to natural enemy insects can be sprayed and applied to the local area with serious harm for 1 time, and when the damage rate of corn plants from the corn jointing period or the trumpet-shaped period to the spinning period reaches the control index, the spraying and application of the chemical agent to the corn plant heart leaves and the upper parts of the plants are focused so as to protect corn growing points, stems and male and female flowers and lay a foundation for guaranteeing the corn yield and quality; spraying and applying the pesticide at most 3 times in the whole corn cob stage;
(3) Stage of grain formation
(1) Spraying a biological pesticide preparation or a plant pesticide preparation when the quantity of the field spodoptera littoralis larvae reaches more than 5-10; when the pest amount of the field spodoptera litura larvae of hundred corn plants reaches more than 10, spraying and applying a chemical agent with high safety to natural enemy insects; the whole seed particle forming stage is sprayed and applied for 1 time at most, and the application of the medicine to the female silk and corn ear part is emphasized, and the medicine application is stopped at least 14 days before corn picking.
2. The integrated control method according to claim 1, wherein: the sex pheromone disorientation agent is selected from cis-8-dodecenol acetate, cis-9, 10, 11-tetradecene enol acetate.
3. The integrated control method according to claim 1, wherein: the biological source pesticide preparation is selected from 100 hundred million spores/ml suspending agent of metarhizium anisopliae, 200 hundred million spores/g suspending agent of beauveria bassiana, 8000 IU/microliter suspending agent of bacillus thuringiensis, 10 hundred million PIB/ml suspending agent of prodenia litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus, 20 hundred million PIB/ml suspending agent of cabbage noctuid nuclear polyhedrosis virus and 10 hundred million PIB/ml suspending agent of alfalfa noctuid nuclear polyhedrosis virus; the botanical pesticide preparation is selected from 0.5% azadirachtin emulsifiable concentrate and 0.5% matrine aqua.
4. The integrated control method according to claim 1, wherein: the parasitic natural enemies are selected from black wasps, yellow trichogramma and trichogramma; the predatory natural enemy is selected from ladybug, green lacewing and orius floridulus.
5. The integrated control method according to claim 1, wherein: the seed treatment suspending agent is selected from cyantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole or chlorantraniliprole+thiamethoxam, cyantraniliprole or chlorantraniliprole+dinotefuran.
6. The integrated control method according to claim 1, wherein: the chemical agent with insecticidal effect is selected from chlorantraniliprole, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran and cyantraniliprole.
7. The integrated control method according to claim 1, wherein: the chemical agent with high safety to natural enemy insects is selected from 20% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent, 10% cyantraniliprole dispersible oil suspending agent, 5% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent, 10% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent, 5% emamectin benzoate, 15% indoxacarb suspending agent, 25% spinetoram and 5% lufenuron suspending agent.
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