CN116391653A - Method for judging cement-made adhesion base throwing time and improving oyster larva adhesion efficiency - Google Patents
Method for judging cement-made adhesion base throwing time and improving oyster larva adhesion efficiency Download PDFInfo
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- CN116391653A CN116391653A CN202310151065.5A CN202310151065A CN116391653A CN 116391653 A CN116391653 A CN 116391653A CN 202310151065 A CN202310151065 A CN 202310151065A CN 116391653 A CN116391653 A CN 116391653A
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- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 54
- 241000548230 Crassostrea angulata Species 0.000 description 8
- 241001207609 Crassostrea hongkongensis Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 5
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006196 drop Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003889 eye drop Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000237509 Patinopecten sp. Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000029052 metamorphosis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 241001526627 Azumapecten farreri Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000212959 Cryptotaenia Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000146493 Cryptotaenia japonica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004035 Cryptotaenia japonica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 210000002149 gonad Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000002532 grape seed extract Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/70—Artificial fishing banks or reefs
- A01K61/77—Artificial fishing banks or reefs of monolithic form, e.g. blocks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for judging the putting time of a cement-made adhesion base and improving the adhesion efficiency of oyster larvae. The method comprises the steps of preparation of the cement-made attachment base, soaking treatment and cleaning, mature eye point larva screening, oyster shell trial casting and casting timing judgment and cement-made attachment base casting. Compared with the traditional method, the method can obviously improve the attachment efficiency and the attachment uniformity of the larvae, and can accurately and quantitatively judge the optimal time for throwing the cement attachment base.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of shellfish genetic breeding in marine agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for judging cement-based attachment base putting time and improving oyster larva attachment efficiency.
Background
Oyster is the largest shellfish in the world and the greatest oyster yield in China, the oyster yield in China is about 80 percent of the oyster yield in the world, the oyster yield in China in 2021 is about 582 ten thousand tons, the oyster yield in sea water culture is about 38.13 percent of the oyster yield in shellfish, and the main culture economic species are Pacific oyster, grape-tooth oyster and hong Kong oyster, so that the oyster has very important economic value. Oyster is a kind of sessile shellfish, which is generally fixed at one place from larva to adult, so that the oyster larva needs to be attached by an attaching base in the processes of raising the oyster seedlings and culturing. Pacific oyster is mainly cultivated in North China, and the main attachment base types are chlamys farreri shells, patinopects shells, oyster shells and the like, but in recent years, along with the reduction of scallop cultivation area and network sales, the available scallop shells and oyster shells are fewer and fewer, the cost is higher and higher, and the cement attachment base has the advantages of low cost, wind and wave resistance, easiness in manufacturing and the like and is gradually favored by farmers and nursery sites. The grape and hong Kong oysters are mainly cultivated in south China such as Guangdong, guangxi, fujian, hainan and the like, the wind wave of the cultivated sea area is large, and the anti-wind wave attaching base is needed, so that the cement attaching base made of cement cakes, cement ropes, cement square plates, cement strip columns and the like is widely applied.
The cement adhesion base is an important adhesion base of oyster fries, is popular in sea areas of Guangdong, guangxi, hainan and Fujian parts, has the advantages of low cost, wind and wave resistance, strong oyster adhesion, difficult falling of oyster, low later maintenance cost, easy knocking into a monomer during adult and the like, but also has the defects of difficult adhesion of larvae, low metamorphosis rate, high death rate after adhesion, slow growth after the adhesion of the larvae, difficult observation, difficult judgment of the adhesion density of the larvae and the like caused by easy alkali return of cement products. Thus, there is a need to optimize cement attachment base articles and attachment procedures. In the breeding process of oyster fries, the problems of difficult judgment of the throwing time, difficult adhesion of the cement adhesive base, uneven adhesion density and the like are frequently encountered, and a method for accurately judging the throwing time of the cement adhesive base and improving the adhesion efficiency of oyster larvae is urgently needed. The effective implementation of the method can improve the attachment efficiency of oyster larvae, reduce the cost and price of oyster seedling culture and promote the healthy and sustainable development of oyster seedling industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for accurately judging the seedling attaching time and the like by optimizing the preparation technology of a cement attaching base, increasing the soaking time, strictly screening eye point larvae, carrying out oyster shell trial casting and the like, and accurately judging the cement attaching base casting time and obviously improving the oyster larva attaching efficiency.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the method for judging the cement adhesion base throwing time and improving the adhesion efficiency of oyster larvae comprises the steps of cement adhesion base preparation, soaking treatment and cleaning, mature eye point larva screening, oyster shell trial throwing and throwing time judgment, and cement adhesion base throwing, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a. preparing, soaking and cleaning a cement adhesion base: according to the mass fractions of 42.30-47.30%, 37.50-45.00%, 10.35-12.35% and 2.35-2.85% of cement, fine sand, oyster shell powder and iron oxide black, adding a proper amount of water to prepare a cement mixture, pouring the cement mixture into a rough mold, pouring, air-drying and molding (different cement-made adhesive base molds); the prepared cement adhesive base is dried for 7-10 days, hung in seawater with wide water area and high fluidity, soaked for 3 months, then fished out and put in a bright place to be exposed for 7 days, and the adhesive base is washed by a high-pressure water gun to clean the surface adhesive for standby;
b. mature eyespot larva screening: observing the development condition of larvae under a microscope, when 20-40% of larvae have eyepoints, selecting eyepoint larvae by using an 80-target quasi-bolting silk screen, draining water, weighing, estimating the quantity of eyepoint larvae, and finally placing the eyepoint larvae into a pool containing fresh seawater;
c. judging the trial casting and casting time of the oyster shells: b, selecting exposed and cleaned oyster shells, putting through 50 shells per crane, and simultaneously and respectively trial-throwing 1 oyster shell at four corners of the eye point larva pool in the step b; after 20-60 minutes, observing the number of attached larvae on the surfaces of the oyster shells by using a flashlight, and when the number of attached larvae on the surfaces of 60-80% of the oyster shells exceeds 40, the optimal time for throwing the attachment base is obtained;
d. and (3) pouring cement adhesion base: when the optimal time for throwing in the step c is reached, throwing in the cement-made attachment base in the step a, and after partial larvae are attached, metamorphosis fails, so that the throwing quantity of the cement-made attachment base (cement cakes/cement ropes/cement square boards) is determined according to the density of the larvae, the throwing quantity of the cement-made attachment base is determined according to the standards of 3000-4000 larvae/cranes of cement cakes, 1500-1800 larvae/cranes of cement ropes, 2000-2500 larvae/cranes of cement blocks and 3500-4000 larvae/boards of cement square boards.
Preferably, the iron oxide black in the a is used for reducing the color of the adhesion base made of cement, increasing the color depth of the adhesion base, and the oyster larvae prefer to adhere to black objects; the addition of oyster shell powder can improve the adhesion of larvae, and oyster shell has an induction effect on the adhesion of larvae.
Preferably, the concrete proportion of cement, fine sand, oyster shell powder and iron oxide black in a is related to the types of oysters, the hong Kong oysters are generally cultivated in low-salt sea areas such as coastal estuaries or sea entrances after being attached, and hong Kong oyster larvae are generally attached for a long time, so that the ratio of cement to oyster shell powder needs to be improved.
Preferably, the reason for using the rough mold in a is to increase the roughness of the cement-made adhesion base, because oyster larvae prefer to adhere to the surface of the rough object in order to increase the adhesion rate.
Preferably, the different oyster species in b have different screening time for eyespot larvae, the hong Kong oyster is a low-salt species, the adhesion time of the larvae is long, and the screening is optimal when about 20% eyespots appear; the oyster is a high-salt species, the larvae grow tidily, and the oyster is required to be screened optimally when about 30% of the larvae appear at the eyepoints; pacific oyster is a high-salt species, and larvae have a certain difference in growth individuals, and screening is optimal when 40% of larvae appear at eye points.
Preferably, the eyepoint larvae in the step b are screened and drained, wherein the draining standard is that no seawater drips out within ten seconds; after eye larvae are weighed, the estimated number standard is about 3500 ten thousand oysters per jin, about 3000 ten thousand oysters per jin, and about grape and pacific oysters.
Preferably, in the step c, because the eye point larvae of each batch are different in species, different in maturity and different in water quality, the attachment time is different and the optimal throwing indexes are different, the oyster shell trial throwing may need to be performed and adjusted for multiple times until the optimal time for throwing the attachment base is judged.
Preferably, c is selected because the color of the prepared cement adhesive matrix is relatively dull, the density of the oyster larvae is difficult to be seen clearly just after the oyster larvae are attached, and great difficulty is brought to judging the attachment time and the attachment number of the larvae; the oyster shell is white and shiny, especially the inner surface is cleaner, the oyster larva can be clearly seen after being attached, the attachment density can be accurately judged, and an accurate reference can be provided for the subsequent judgment of the putting time.
Preferably, in d, when the cement is added, the addition is needed according to the principle that the two ends of the pool are simultaneously added, the pool head is sparse, the pool middle is dense, and the uniformity of the attachment density can be improved when the two sides are added and the middle of the pool is denser.
Preferably, after the addition of the cement-made adhesion base is finished, a layer of black sunshade net is covered on the pond, so that the adhesion efficiency and uniformity can be improved, and the dark environment is favored when the eye point larvae are attached.
Through the links, the method improves the oyster larva attaching efficiency, accurately judges the optimal throwing time of the cement attaching base, shortens the eyepoint larva attaching time, increases the unit attaching number and improves the attaching uniformity, and has the advantages of convenient operation, strong practicability and the like.
The invention improves the preparation, soaking treatment and cleaning methods of the cement-made attachment base based on the difficult judgment of the time point of putting the cement-made attachment base in the breeding process of oyster fries, the uneven attachment density, the difficult judgment of the putting quantity of the attachment base, the low attachment efficiency and other seedling raising industry difficult points and pain points, screens the eye point larvae, uses oyster shells for multiple trial casting to determine the optimal putting time, quantifies the relation between the putting quantity of the cement-made attachment base and the eye point larvae, and the like, and can accurately judge the putting time of the cement-made attachment base and improve the attachment efficiency of the oyster larvae. The invention overturns the method that traditional seedling raising technicians judge the throwing time and the throwing quantity through experience, overcomes the defect that new technicians are difficult to judge, quantifies specific parameters of cement-made attaching base throwing, can realize rapid large-scale breeding and attaching of seedlings, improves attaching efficiency, reduces seedling raising cost and seedling price, and improves improved seed coverage rate and seedling industry vibration. Compared with the traditional methods of no screening of eyepoints, no trial casting of oyster shells and the like, the larva attachment completion time is improved by 81.60-105.62%, the average attachment quantity is improved by 62.14-187.88%, the attachment uniformity is improved by 41.25-114.00%, different oyster types have certain differences, the larva attachment efficiency and the attachment uniformity are remarkably improved, and a specific reference index for judging the time for casting the attachment base of the cement is provided.
The method has the advantages of strong operability, simplicity, convenience, large commercial application potential and the like.
Detailed Description
The following examples are further illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
Example 1
A method for judging cement-made attachment base throwing time and improving oyster larva attachment efficiency comprises the following steps:
a. preparing, soaking and cleaning a cement adhesion base: preparing a batch of cement cake attachment bases on a smoke stack in North sea in Guangxi province on 9 months and 15 days in 2020, firstly purchasing a batch of 120-wire black rubber wire ropes and rough round die with the diameter of 5cm, cutting the ropes into 180cm long, combining the ropes and the die, reserving 20cm between every two dies, placing 6 dies on each rope, and reserving 80cm on the rope ends; mixing cement, fine sand, oyster shell powder and iron oxide black according to the mass fractions of 47.30%, 37.50%, 12.35% and 2.85%, adding a proper amount of water, stirring into paste, and pouring into a mould by a spoon in time for pouring and molding; the prepared cement cakes are fully dried and formed after being exposed to the sun for 10 days, then 20 cement cakes are bound into one, are transported to a ship and vertically hung on a floating raft for 3 months, and the floating raft is wider in water area in sea area and better in fluidity, so that the alkalinity of the cement cakes is fully removed; after 3 months, the cement cakes are fished out and put in a place with better sunlight for exposure for 7 days, and then the cement cakes are fully cleaned by a high-pressure water gun and transported to a seedling raising field.
b. Mature eyespot larva screening: selecting a lot of hong Kong oyster parent shells with full gonad development, active sperms, round or oval ovum, no shell damage, good vitality and tight mouth on day 13 of 6 months 2021, dissecting the parent shells with oyster cutters, identifying male and female shells under a microscope, artificially fertilizing, hatching in seawater, screening D-type larvae after 24 hours, and cultivating the larvae according to a conventional cultivation flow; observing the growth state of the larvae under a microscope, when about 20% of the larvae have eyepoints, collecting the larvae by using a 200-mesh and 80-mesh quasi-bolting silk net, and keeping the larvae on 80 meshes as basically eyepoints; draining until no water drops, weighing 1 jin (about 3500 ten thousand larvae per jin according to oyster eye-drop in hong Kong) on an electronic scale, collecting 3500 ten thousand larvae, placing into a 40-square cement pond filled with fresh seawater, increasing aeration amount, and adding microalgae bait properly.
c. Judging the trial casting and casting time of the oyster shells: selecting exposed and cleaned oyster shells, putting the oyster shells into the cement pond, putting 1 oyster shell at 4 corners at the same time, observing the seedling attaching condition of the 4 oyster shells by using a flashlight after 60 minutes, and if the number of attached larvae on 80% of the oyster shells exceeds 40, reaching the optimal time for putting the attached bases; if the optimal putting time is not up to 80%, taking out the oyster shells, then re-trial putting the oyster shells after 10 hours, and repeatedly trial putting until the number of the larvae attached to 80% of the oyster shells is observed to be more than 40.
d. And (3) pouring cement adhesion base: after the optimal throwing time is reached, the estimated larva quantity in the step b is about 3500 ten thousand, and 8750 cement cakes are needed to be thrown according to the proportion of 4000 larva/hanging; when the cement cakes are put in, the cement cakes are put in according to the principles of two ends of a cement pool, dense cement cakes in the middle of the pool and sparse Chi Toushui mud cakes, and after the putting is finished, a layer of black sunshade net is covered above the pool, so that the larvae are attached as soon as possible and are uniformly attached; after 24 hours of attachment, microalgae baits are added, and the black sunshade net is removed after the attachment is completed.
Using the method of this example and the conventional method, the adhesion of larvae of Cryptotaenia japonica is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of the method of this example with the larvae attachment of Cryptotaenia hong larvae of the conventional method
Example 2
A method for judging cement-made attachment base throwing time and improving oyster larva attachment efficiency comprises the following steps:
a. preparing, soaking and cleaning a cement adhesion base: in the year 2020, 7 months and 23 days, preparing a batch of cement rope knot attachment bases in Taishan city of Guangdong province, firstly purchasing a batch of 120-wire black rubber ropes, cutting the ropes into 220cm long, tying a long strip knot every 15cm (each knot is about 4-5 cm in length), tying 7 knots on each rope, and reserving 60cm at the rope ends; mixing according to the mass fractions of 42.30%, 45.00%, 10.35% and 2.35% respectively, adding appropriate amount of water, stirring into paste, sequentially immersing each knot in cement to stick cement, and repeatedly immersing for multiple times until the knot is fully stuck with cement; the prepared cement rope is fully dried and formed after exposing to sunlight for 7 days, then 20 iron wires are bound into one bundle, 300 iron wires are bound into one bundle, and the bundle is carried to the sea, is piled up in the sea with wider water area and better fluidity, and fully removes the alkalinity of cement cakes; after 3 months, the cement rope is fished out and put in a place with better sunlight for insolation for 7 days, then the cement cake is fully cleaned by a high-pressure water gun, and finally the cement cake is transported to a seedling raising field.
b. Mature eyespot larva screening: selecting a lot of parent oysters with good gonad development, good vitality and larger individuals on the sea in the year 2021, putting the parent oysters into a sea pond of a seedling raising field to promote maturation for 3 days, dissecting the parent oysters by using oyster cutters, microscopic examining sex under a microscope, squeezing ovum and washing ovum by using a bolting silk net, soaking the ovum into circular or elliptical shape in sea water, selecting male individuals with active sperms, and performing artificial fertilization; screening D-type larvae, cultivating the larvae according to a conventional grape dental oyster larva cultivation technology system, observing the larva growth under a microscope, and collecting the larvae by using a 150-mesh and 80-mesh quasi-bolting silk screen when about 30% of the larvae appear eyepoints, wherein the larvae are basically eyepoint larvae on 80 meshes; draining until no water drops, weighing 1.2 jin on an electronic scale, collecting about 3600 ten thousand larvae per jin, placing into a 40-square cement pond filled with fresh seawater, adjusting aeration amount, and adding microalgae bait appropriately.
c. Judging the trial casting and casting time of the oyster shells: selecting exposed and cleaned oyster shells, putting the oyster shells into each crane for 50 shells, respectively putting 1 oyster shell into 4 corners of a cement pond, observing the seedling attaching condition of the 4 oyster shells by using a flashlight after 20 minutes, and if the number of attached larvae on 60% of the oyster shells exceeds 40, reaching the optimal time for putting cement attachment bases; if the optimal putting time is not up to 60%, taking out the oyster shells, and after 8 hours, re-trial putting the oyster shells, and repeatedly trial putting until the number of the larvae attached to 60% of the oyster shells is observed to be more than 40.
d. And (3) pouring cement adhesion base: after the optimal putting time is determined, putting 20000 cement ropes according to the ratio of 1800 larvae/crane according to the quantity of about 3600 thousands of larvae estimated in the step b; when the cement rope is put in, the cement pool is put in according to the principles that the two ends of the cement pool are put in simultaneously, the middle of the pool is denser, and the pool head is sparser, and after the putting is finished, a layer of black sunshade net is covered above the pool, so that the larvae are attached as soon as possible and are uniformly attached.
TABLE 2 comparison of the adhesion of the larvae of Vitis vinifera in the method of this example with the conventional method
Example 3
A method for judging cement-made attachment base throwing time and improving oyster larva attachment efficiency comprises the following steps:
a. preparing, soaking and cleaning a cement adhesion base: a batch of cement board attachment bases are prepared in the city of Taishan in Guangdong in the period of 14 months in 2019, a batch of white glue wires and a 9X 9 rough square template are purchased, the glue wires are cut into 150cm long, the distance between the two boards is 20cm, 7 boards are strung by each glue wire, and 50cm is reserved at the rope end; mixing cement, fine sand, oyster shell powder and iron oxide black according to the mass fractions of 43.50%, 42.65%, 11.30% and 2.55%, adding a proper amount of water, stirring into paste, pouring the cement into a coarse square template, and pouring into a square cement board with the diameter of 9 multiplied by 9cm and the thickness of about 1.5 cm; the prepared square cement board is fully dried and formed after exposing to sunlight for 10 days, then 10 strips are bound into one bundle, 300 bundles are bound into one bundle, the bundle is carried on a ship and vertically hung on a floating raft, and the floating raft is required to be in a sea area with wider water area and better fluidity, so that the alkalinity of the cement board is fully removed; after 3 months, the cement board is fished out and put in a place with better sunlight for exposure for 7 days, then the cement cake is fully cleaned by a high-pressure water gun, and finally the cement cake is transported to a seedling raising field.
b. Mature eyespot larva screening: selecting a batch of parents which are promoted by a temperature gradient method in 3 months of 2020, wherein the parents need to be tightly shelled, have full gonads and good vitality, dissecting the parents by oyster cutters and checking the sexes by microscopy, picking out hermaphrodite individuals and discarding the hermaphrodite individuals, squeezing the eggs, washing the eggs by using a 500-mesh bolting silk net, putting the eggs into seawater to hydrate the eggs until the eggs are soaked to be round or oval in the seawater, and selecting male individuals with active sperms for artificial fertilization; selecting normal D-type larvae by using a 300-mesh bolting silk screen the next day, and culturing the larvae according to a conventional Pacific oyster larva culturing technical system; observing the growth of the larvae under a microscope, and collecting the larvae by using a 150-mesh and 80-mesh quasi-bolting silk net when about 40% of the larvae appear eyepoints, wherein the larvae are basically eyepoint larvae on 80 meshes; draining until no water drops, weighing on an electronic scale to about 1.4 jin, adding about 3000 thousands of larva of Pacific oyster eye drop, about 4200 ten thousand larva of Pacific oyster eye drop into 40 square cement pond filled with fresh seawater, increasing aeration amount, and adding microalgae bait properly.
c. Judging the trial casting and casting time of the oyster shells: selecting exposed and cleaned oyster shells, putting the oyster shells into 50 shells in each crane, respectively putting 1 oyster shell at 4 corners of a cement pond with larvae at eye points, observing the seedling attaching condition of the 4 oyster shells by using a flashlight after 40 minutes, and if the number of the larvae attached to 70% of oyster shells exceeds 40, reaching the optimal time for placing the attaching bases; if the optimal putting time is not up to 70%, taking out the oyster shells, and after 10 hours, re-trial putting the oyster shells, and repeatedly trial putting until the number of the larvae attached to 70% of the oyster shells is observed to be more than 40.
d. And (3) pouring cement adhesion base: after the optimal putting time is determined, according to the estimated larva quantity in the step b, about 4200 ten thousand larvae are put into the cement square boards according to the ratio of 4000 larvae/boards, and 10500 cement square boards are needed to be put into the cement square boards; when the cement square plates are put in, putting in is required according to the principle that two ends of a cement pool start to put in simultaneously, the middle of the pool is denser, the pool heads are sparser, dark shadows are formed among the cement plates as much as possible, and after putting in is finished, a layer of black sunshade net is covered above the pool, so that the larvae are attached as soon as possible and are uniformly attached.
TABLE 3 comparison of the method of this example with the adhesion of Pacific oyster larvae in the conventional method
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiment should not be construed as limiting the invention, and the scope of the invention should be defined by the appended claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for judging the putting time of the cement-based adhesive matrix and improving the adhesion efficiency of oyster larvae is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. preparing, soaking and cleaning a cement adhesion base: according to the mass fractions of 42.30-47.30%, 37.50-45.00%, 10.35-12.35% and 2.35-2.85% of cement, fine sand, oyster shell powder and iron oxide black, adding a proper amount of water to prepare a cement mixture, pouring into a rough mold, pouring, air-drying and molding; the prepared cement adhesive base is dried, then is hung into seawater with wide water area and high fluidity for soaking, and is fished out and put in a bright place for insolation, and the surface adhesive material is washed by a high-pressure water gun for standby;
b. mature eyespot larva screening: observing the development condition of larvae under a microscope, screening out larvae with eyepoints when 20-40% of larvae have eyepoints, draining water, weighing, estimating the number of the larvae with eyepoints, and finally placing the larvae with eyepoints into a pool containing fresh seawater;
c. judging the trial casting and casting time of the oyster shells: b, simultaneously and respectively trial-throwing the oyster shells subjected to insolation and cleaning at four corners of the eyespot larva pool; after 20-60 minutes, observing the number of the larvae attached to the surfaces of the oyster shells by using a flashlight, and judging the optimal time for throwing the attachment base;
d. and (3) pouring cement adhesion base: and c, when the optimal time for throwing is reached, throwing the cement-made adhesion base in the step a, determining the throwing quantity of the cement-made adhesion base according to the density of larvae, and determining the throwing cement-made adhesion base quantity according to the standards of 3000-4000 larvae/hanging of cement cakes, 1500-1800 larvae/hanging of cement ropes, 2000-2500 larvae/hanging of cement blocks and 3500-4000 larvae/plates of cement square plates.
2. The method for judging cement-made attachment base throwing time and improving oyster larva attachment efficiency according to claim 1, wherein in the step a, the air drying is carried out for 7-10 days; the soaking is carried out for 3 months; the insolation is for 7 days.
3. The method for judging cement-based on-delivery time and improving adhesion efficiency of oyster larva according to claim 1, wherein in the step b, the screened eyepoint larva is screened out by using an 80-mesh quasi-bolting silk screen.
4. The method for judging cement-based attachment time and improving the attachment efficiency of oyster larvae according to claim 1, wherein in the step c, the oyster shells are penetrated into 50 shells per crane before being put in, and 1 oyster shell is put in trial at the four corners of the eye-point larva pool.
5. The method for determining the time for adding an adhesive matrix to a cement and improving the adhesion efficiency of oyster larvae according to claim 1, wherein in the step c, the criteria for determining the optimal time for adding an adhesive matrix are: when the number of larvae attached to the surfaces of 60-80% of oyster shells exceeds 40, the time is the optimal time for throwing the attachment base.
6. The method for judging cement-made attachment base throwing time and improving oyster larva attachment efficiency according to claim 1, wherein in the step d, throwing is required according to the principles of simultaneous throwing of two ends of a pond, sparse attachment base of a pond head and dense attachment base in the middle of the pond.
7. The method for judging the putting time of the cement-made adhesion base and improving the adhesion efficiency of the oyster larvae according to claim 1, wherein in the step d, a black sunshade net is covered on the pond after the cement-made adhesion base is put.
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