CN101658152B - Patinopecten yesoensis natural seedling intermediate rearing method - Google Patents
Patinopecten yesoensis natural seedling intermediate rearing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a patinopecten yesoensis natural seedling intermediate rearing method, comprising steps of secondary seedling separation, third rearing and cage transfering; secondary seedling is carried out when the height of a patinopecten yesoensis seedling hull is 0.2cm averagely, and seedlings with more than 0.5cm are caged, and seedling with 280-300 per layer and less than 0.5cm are arranged in a net bag, and each bag has 1500-1800 seedlings; when the seedling hulls more than 0.5cm accounts for 60-70 percent, third seedling is carried out, the seedlings in the cage have 280-300 each layer, and sifted seedlings in the bag have no more than 1000; cage transfering is carried out after the peak adhesion period of patinopecten yesoensis, and the seedling is placed in the cage for 80-100 per layer. By adopting the patinopecten yesoensis natural seedling intermediate rearing method, large and health patinopecten yesoensis natural seedling can be reared in a shortened rearing period.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to breed method in the middle of a kind of bivalve shellfish, especially breed method in the middle of the natural seeding, wild fry.
Background technology
Patinopecten yessoensis is the beginning of the eighties in last century, and the cold water bivalve shellfish that China introduces from Japan is celebrated with its individual big, quality better.Through more than 20 years at China's growth and breeding, formed the geographical population that adapt to China's marine site ecotope, the northern Changhai County of the Huanghai Sea is the Patinopecten yessoensis aquaculture base of China's maximum.The Patinopecten yessoensis aquaculture is used seed, and one need be healthy, and the 2nd, specification is suitable, requires usually more than the 3cm, broadcasts the seed of propagation the end of in particular for.
In recent years, in the Patinopecten yessoensis aquaculture production process, the centre was bred and disease occurred and take place frequently, problems such as lethality rising, and efficient and product quality are cultured in influence; Though can utilize natural seeding, wild fry to improve, in the middle of existing again, the Patinopecten yessoensis natural seeding, wild fry breeds the difficult problem that the time is short, be difficult to breed large size seedling seed.Therefore, for breed provides the seed of a large amount of health, big specification, be the maximum problem that keeps the healthy and stable development of Patinopecten yessoensis industry to be faced.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of and can breeds method in the middle of the Patinopecten yessoensis natural seeding, wild fry of cultivating large size seedling seed in the cycle is bred in the centre of shortening.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, breed method in the middle of the invention provides a kind of Patinopecten yessoensis natural seeding, wild fry, comprise that two fraction seedlings, three grades breed and the step of falling the cage, wherein,
Two fraction seedlings during the high average 0.2cm of spat shell, the seedling dress cage that 0.5cm is above, 280～300 pieces/layer, less than the seedling of the 0.5cm mesh bag of packing into, 1500～1800 pieces/bag;
Accounted for more than the high 0.5cm of seedling shell 60～70% o'clock, and began three fraction seedlings, pack into 280～300 pieces in seed of every layer of dress cage seedling, sieve is every bag of bag seedling below 1000 pieces next time;
Adhere to Sheng mussel and fall cage after the phase, 80～100 pieces/layer of dress cage seedlings.
Described spat is bred in the middle of the Bohai Sea, Lvshun side and/or Huanghai Sea side marine site, Lvshun, carries out two fraction seedlings late June～July, and 7～early August is carried out three fraction seedlings, falls cage August.
Described spat is put into 20～30 order mesh bags when two fraction seedlings.
Described spat is the mesh screen seedling of 0.3～0.5cm with mesh when three fraction seedlings.
Described spat is put into the 1.5cm cylinder mould in when falling the cage.
Breed method in the middle of the Patinopecten yessoensis natural seeding, wild fry of the present invention as can be seen from the above technical solutions and have following beneficial effect:
1, by dividing seedling, the reasonable thin density of dividing, improve the juvenile mollusk growing environment, the juvenile mollusk growth through dredging the branch cultivation is fast, greatly individual and neatly, the high variation of shell is little;
2, at 7～August and time-division seedling, the cage that falls, evacuate as early as possible to the 1.5cm cylinder mould, make full use of fast growing period growth in 7～August, improve the raising rate of large size seedling seed, cultivate into by the end of October the above seed of average 3cm then, middle incubation rate reaches as high as 96.01%, and the above individual raising rate of 3cm can reach 75.47%;
When 3, dividing seedling to culture, big, easy to operate because of young shellfish individuality, lose fewly, availability is improved;
4, dredge the big specification spat of dividing cultivation, individuality is big, vitality is strong, and spat can directly advance cage or bottom sowing culture in then, and the temporary foster phase is reduced aquaculture cost in the middle of shortening, and increases economic benefit.
Embodiment
The Patinopecten yessoensis aquaculture is healthy, up to specification with seed, requires usually more than the high 3cm of shell, and in particular for broadcasting the seed of propagation in the end, specification is big could to guarantee survival rate.General artificial seedling was bred in March, and wild seedling is to gather in mid-May to mid-June, the method of breeding in the middle of the Patinopecten yessoensis natural seeding, wild fry of the present invention can be bred in the centre of shortening and cultivate healthy natural seeding, wild fry in the cycle, then by the end of October or early November cultivate into the above natural seeding, wild fry of 3cm.
Breed method in the middle of the Patinopecten yessoensis natural seeding, wild fry of the present invention and be to grasp branch seedling time, density.
Patinopecten yessoensis is the low temperature kind, and summer, water temperature surpassed 23 ℃, easily caused death.In the Bohai Sea, Lvshun side, Huanghai Sea side marine site, temperature monitoring by 3 years shows, no matter temperature drift still is year on the low side, August, water temperature 3 years was relatively more consistent, all do not surpass 20 ℃, the highest water temperature appears at September in 2007, but also not above 21 ℃, being very beneficial for Patinopecten yessoensis growth and survival, is very suitable sea area for breeding in the middle of the Patinopecten yessoensis.
Show that by comparative analysis the natural seeding, wild fry that May, June gather is 7～August in Bohai Sea side marine site day growth the fastest period, the day growth amount descends gradually after September.The seed that on July 30th, 2008 entered the 1.5cm cylinder mould, the above individual ratio of 3cm is the seed that entered the 1.5cm cylinder mould on August 17th, 98.89%, 2008, and the above individual ratio of 3cm is 41.11%, advanced the cage time phase difference 17 days, the above individual ratio of 3cm differs more than 1 times.Therefore reach the time-division seedling during this period, evacuate as early as possible to the 1.5cm cylinder mould, utilize fast growing period growth in 7～August, improve the raising rate of large size seedling seed.
Density and large size seedling seed raising rate are closely related, and the big seed individuality of density is little, and the little individuality of density is big.For example, measured the different densities growing state in 2006, the result shows, density is in the time of 70～90 pieces/layer, and average shell is up to 3.28cm, during colony forms 〉=and the ratio of 3cm individuality accounts for 83.33%; Along with density increases, average individuality diminishes gradually, during colony forms 〉=ratio of 3cm individuality descends, when density reaches 160～170 pieces/layer, and the average high 2.77cm of shell, during colony forms 〉=and the individual ratio of 3cm is 22% only, it is relatively poor that effect is bred in the centre.
In the actual production, the centre is bred and should be considered production cost, also will consider to breed effect.Although it is little that density is bred in the centre, breed the consumption and the labor management expense of facility equipment in the middle of can increasing, seed size is big, and seed price height is profitable; If opposite density is big, although save costs such as some facility equipment and labor management, because of seed size is little, price descends, and overall efficiency reduces, and can not satisfy in the aquaculture production demand to seed size.Therefore, when breeding in the middle of extensive, density is controlled at about 90 pieces/layer, for example 80,85,90,95,100 pieces/layer more suitable, can consider according to concrete conditions such as seed quantity.
Embodiment 1
Breeds method in the middle of the Patinopecten yessoensis natural seeding, wild fry, the sea area adopted adorn cage after seedling is bred, divided to the natural seeding, wild fry that obtains by two fraction seedlings, three grades, fall cage, breed health then, seed is used in breed up to specification, be used for suspended longline farming, the end and broadcast propagation.
Spat on average when the 0.2cm left and right sides, begins to carry out two fraction seedlings.Mesh bag is selected 30 * 50cm, and mesh is 20～30 orders, and mesh size does not run off with most spats and is as the criterion.Cylinder mould selects 0.5cm * 20 layer * 32 to support cage, i.e. 20 layers of scallop cultivation cage of mesh diagonal 0.5cm, cage dish diameter 32cm temporarily.Spat is brushed down from adherance, the sieve that makes different size with 40 order nets, 1.5mm, 3mm, 5mm extruded net is removed assorted shellfish, impurity etc., screening specification is less than the seedling of 0.5cm, pack into and breed in the 30 order mesh bags, the seed that specification is big slightly 20, the 25 order mesh bags of can selecting to pack into, the above seedling of 0.5cm enter 0.5cm * 20 layer * 32 and support cages temporarily.Before the dress seedling, the drawing-off plastic wire about 10g of will packing into earlier in the mesh bag is so that support the mesh bag space.Density is: 1500～1800 pieces/bag of mesh bags, 280～300 pieces/layer of cylinder moulds.
Splitting seedling thinning in time in during late June～July, density is controlled at below 1800 pieces/bag, breeding situation dress seedling amount such as equipment according to seed and centre is 1500,1600,1700 pieces/bag, when making rational use of resources, reducing cost, improve the juvenile mollusk growing environment, improve the survival rate of juvenile mollusk, can improve 10% in the early stage, later stage even can be enhanced about more than once.Simultaneously, the juvenile mollusk growth of cultivating through rationally thin branch is fast, greatly individual and neat, and shell hypermutation heteropole is few.
Three grades when breeding, determine that according to seed quantity three grades are supported goods and materials such as cage numbers, platform raft, float, dropstone temporarily.Knotless net is supported cage temporarily and is divided into 0.5cm * 20 layer * 32 and 1.5cm * 20 layer * 32 etc., and several cages of supporting were temporarily got all the ready in mid-July.
Depend on the specification of seed and cylinder mould the opportunity of this time-division seedling, when accounting for 60～70% left and right sides more than the high 0.5cm of seedling shell, promptly begin the branch seedling; Suit in 7～August, especially carried out the branch seedling in the past in July, early August, in time increase the growing space in this fast growing period, the spat growth result is particularly remarkable.Required cylinder mould specification is hung apart from 70～80cm more than 0.5cm, and every is hung and severally determines that according to the raft height is short according to the ocean current situation, dropstone is 1.5～2.5kg, and weight is wanted evenly.Support the floating long 1m of well rope of water layer platform raft temporarily, support water layer temporarily and generally be controlled in the 5m.
When dividing the seedling operation, the fine high-temperature time that divides seedling will avoid in a day is advisable, and makes full use of morning, late two time, but cloudy day as no wind and rain proper extension.
Land minute seedling, the mesh bag that hangs over the sea area is transported to branch seedling place, seedling in the mesh bag is poured in the tank, with mesh is the mesh screen seedling of 0.3～0.5cm, mesh size is determined according to the spat growing state, selects for use 0.5cm, 0.45cm, 0.4cm, 0.35cm, 0.3cm screen cloth to sieve 5 roads successively, sifts out the above seed network access of 0.5cm cage, 0.5cm following seed dress mesh bag can also be with the following seed segmentation of 0.5cm seedlings, seedling.Like this, through 5 roads sieve seedling step, greatly the end, reduce the seed loss, at first screens the above seed network access cage of 0.5cm, reduces the RT of seedlings in intermediate link, in order to improving survival rate.In addition, during three fraction seedlings, the situations such as kind, size and quantity of size, total amount and the assorted shellfish of the Patinopecten yessoensis seedling that obtains of adopting according to the sea area are selected sieve plate and are screened several roads, more then can sieve 2～3 roads as spat, then can again sieve 2～3 roads if spat is less more, run off to reduce seed.
Tank liner high density etting, as making liner with the 0.1cm etting, four jiaos of difference hanging sleeves of etting are at four jiaos of tank, after assorted shellfish in sieve drops on tank had carried out repeatedly screening, etting can be taken off from tank for four jiaos, topple over effluent trough fast with being wrapped in assorted shellfish in the etting, foreign material etc., and in this tank, repeat to sieve the seedling operation continuously.Bottom of gullet pad cement built on stilts tank such as stick together, the water that tank is discharged is got rid of smoothly, and sticking together with cement substitutes the sandbag that in the past used, and one side is not fragile like this, service life is long, and stability is improved.The sieve seedling adopts flowing water in tank, takes seawater nearby, and the water inlet of the pipeline that draws water is taken clean sea water, makes water inlet away from discharge outlet simultaneously, reduces reciprocal effect, the water quality of guaranteeing to sieve seedling.
The marine seedling that divides bundles two sampans, and the good etting framework of frame between row's is made liner with the 0.1cm etting in the framework, and group is attached to and hangs on the platform raft of supporting seed then, and seed is brushed in the etting framework.
At 7～August and time-division seedling, the individual growth of seed is big and fast, the survival rate height, and natural seeding, wild fry is after the centre is bred, the big specification seedling individuality of cultivating is neat, bright in colour, can directly put into than the cylinder mould of large mesh and culture, and shortens the cycle of breeding, save the fund of cultivating cost, little mesh cylinder mould, increase economic efficiency.
Dress is during cage, every layer of 280～300 pieces in seed of packing into, and a sieve bag seedling next time is no more than 1000 pieces for every bag.
The time of falling the cage determines according to the natural adhesion condition of mussel, assorted algae, is typically chosen in mussel about August and carries out after adhering to the Sheng phase.Single or the double etting framework of binding of the marine employing of falling the cage, internal frame plastic wire sieve plate, size of mesh should be determined according to seed size, earlier with sieving with ommatidium behind the griddle, seed is directly poured in the rack, removes foreign material, rocks sieve plate, mussel is separated with seed, be shipped to land, handle as harmful animal.Again advance the seed of cage and evacuate density under situation with good conditionsi, put in the 1.5cm cylinder mould, former cage is changed, and specifically presses platform raft number and determines dress seedling quantity, requires 80～100 pieces/layer of dress seedlings.
The platform raft is decided people management, in time increases buoyancy according to the seed growing way, checks that lifting rope, dropstone have or not to come off, and cylinder mould has or not winding, guarantees that the platform raft is firm.Want light, thin during operation, and foreign material are removed clean, dress cage, sealing want fast, forbid to beat, cruelty and dehydrating operations.
The 1.5cm cage has been fallen in spat growth investigation since August, investigate once every month, investigates at every turn and randomly draw 30～50 seedlings.
Embodiment 2
2007 in Lvshun No. 1 field of collecting seedling, collector bag is carried out the separation of seedling bag, three fraction seedlings, falls cage, breeds situation respectively shown in table 1, table 2 in the middle of the natural seeding, wild fry.
Table 1
Table 2
Embodiment 3
2008 in side marine site, the Bohai Sea, Lvshun 2, No. 3 fields of collecting seedling, collector bag is carried out the seedling bag to be separated, divide since examination on June 24, this moment, starfish was more, and early stage, the individual and no individual difference of Patinopecten yessoensis seedling size was difficult to separate, so June 28, beginning formally separated, July 11, end of day lasted 15 day time, and accumulative total is divided seedling 8.7 hundred million.
In order to strive for breeding the time, natural spat bred in short centre cultivate into big specification, seed that survival rate is high in the cycle, starting to carry out three grades in advance breeds, beginning on July 6, directly entering the 0.5cm breeding cage on the basis that the seedling bag separates breeds, to end of day in July 11, advance cage 35964 altogether and hang, 201398400 pieces of seedling amounts.Advance cage 61,093 12～July 25 July and hang, accumulative total is advanced cage 97057 and is hung 552223400 pieces of seedling amounts.
The cage of falling 1.5cm amounted to 298095 and hung 30～August 19 July, and the seedling amount is 536571000 pieces.
Patinopecten yessoensis wild seedling growing state sees Table 3.
Table 3
| Date | Size mm | Water temperature ℃ | Growth rate u |
| Early June | 1 | 11.2 | 60 |
| Mid-June | 1.85 | 12.6 | 100 |
| Late June | 2.9 | 14.2 | 160 |
| Early July | 5.8 | 15.1 | 240 |
| Mid-July | 10.2 | 16.1 | 240 |
| Late July | 13.7 | 17.1 | 300 |
| Early August | 16.7 | 18 | 320 |
| Mid-August | 19.5 | 19.1 | 320 |
| Late August | 25.7 | 20 | 350 |
| Early September | 27.8 | 20.03 | 220 |
| Mid-September | 28.2 | 19.81 | 200 |
| Late September | 30 | 18.99 | 180 |
| Early October | 31 | 17.85 | 100 |
| Mid-October | 31.02 | 17.24 | 20 |
2008 since October 27, and November 16, end of day finished than 2007 11 days in advance, seed is bred in the centre backhauls to the culture zone, seed 6.05 hundred million, wherein 3cm above 4.27 hundred million, 1.37 hundred million of 2.5～2.99cm.
From backhauling the result, seed size and quantity especially are higher than 2007 and are close on 8% all significantly better than 2007 more than the 3.0cm, 6,000 ten thousand seeds, this and divide seedling, the interwoveness of falling the cage in advance, under the situation of conditions permit, directly advance the 0.5cm cage and breed, in advance the cage of falling 1.5cm.This explanation and time-division seedling, reasonable dredging are divided density, have created good condition for young shellfish, and dredge the branch time more early, and effect is remarkable more, helps improving survival rate more.
In addition, breeds method in the middle of adopting the present invention, the Patinopecten yessoensis juvenile mollusk 3～5mm that gathers in identical sea area, middle incubation rate 2006 be 78.7%, 2007 year be 74.3%, 2008 year be 79.2%.
The method of breeding in the middle of the present invention utilizes the thermophilic phase to improve growth rate, that is to say, fast growing period in the water temperature rising, carry out the branch seedling, fall cage, the spat environmental condition of dredging after rare is superior, attached mud and harmful organisms are few, current are unimpeded, food in abundance, can make full use of the fast growing period in 7～August then, breed seed bigger more than the 0.5cm and advance cage, breed then and carry out the end about the high 3cm of big specification scallop seedling shell and broadcast, and then make full use of seedling, improve survival rate, reduce aquaculture cost, shorten the culture-cycle, increase economic efficiency.
Breed method in the middle of the Patinopecten yessoensis natural seeding, wild fry of the present invention, with in 5 months, the last ten-days period Patinopecten yessoensis natural seeding, wild fry gathered, select methods such as excellent cultivation, evacuation in time, rational density by employing, can cultivate into the above seed of average 3cm then by the end of October fully, and middle incubation rate reaches as high as 96.01%, and the above individual raising rate of 3cm can reach 75.47%.
For the advantage that further confirms to breed in the middle of the Patinopecten yessoensis natural seeding, wild fry of the present invention, 2007～2008 years, the seed that natural seeding, wild fry that utilized gather in 2006 and total man worker cultivate has carried out culture experiment, and has compared the genetic diversity of the Patinopecten yessoensis colony in different seeds source by molecule labelling method.Wild seedling (wild seedling) with molecule labelling method is gathered Japanese shellfish (male) and local shellfish (female shellfish) cross hybrid seedling (cross hybrid seedling), the natural waters of the local artificial seedling of Patinopecten yessoensis (manually seedling), new introduction carries out the level of genetic diversity analysis.The level of genetic diversity height is to weigh kind of the index of confrontation adaptive capacity to environment, and the high more explanation of index is strong more to adaptive capacity to environment, seed is healthy.The result shows, wild seedling＞cross hybrid seedling＞artificial seedling.By the result as can be seen, the level of genetic diversity of wild seedling is greater than artificial seedling.Therefore, by testing further proof, the wild seedling of breeding in the middle of the present invention is the seed healthy, that resistance against disadvantage is strong.
In addition, utilize the natural seeding, wild fry of Dong's lump sea area collection in May in 2006 and the seed that March, artificial breeding was cultivated in February, 2007, carried out the breed comparative trial, finish in June, 2008 in seven Xian Ling sea areas and gold mountain and sea district.The high 3.43cm of the average shell of wild seedling during on-test, average weight 4.38g; The artificial high 4.03cm of the average shell of seedling, average weight 9.60g.Measured once in every month, the result shows that preceding 8 months artificial seedling shell height are all the time greater than wild seedling, and the beginning wild seedling surpassed artificial seedling in the 9th month, and the various characteristic indexs of wild seedling surpass artificial seedling during off-test.This explanation wild seedling is remarkable in high temperature season day growth amount.Further breed method in the middle of having proved wild seedling of the present invention by testing, utilize fast growing period, and time-division seedling, the cage that falls, rationally dredge and divide density, greatly improve the seed growth rate.
Therefore, implement to breed method in the middle of the Patinopecten yessoensis natural seeding, wild fry of the present invention, can be with the natural seeding, wild fry of being gathered, under the situation of breeding the cycle shortening, cultivate aquaculture up to specification and use seed, and then provide a large amount of strong seeds of health, resistance against disadvantage for the production of Patinopecten yessoensis aquaculture.
The above is preferred embodiment of the present invention only, is not to be used to limit protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. breed method in the middle of a Patinopecten yessoensis natural seeding, wild fry, comprise that two fraction seedlings, three grades breed and the step of falling the cage, it is characterized in that, described spat is bred in the middle of the Bohai Sea, Lvshun side and/or Huanghai Sea side marine site, Lvshun, carry out two fraction seedlings late June～July, 7～early August is carried out three fraction seedlings, falls cage August, and is specific as follows:
Two fraction seedlings during the high average 0.2cm of spat shell, the seedling dress cage that 0.5cm is above, 280～300 pieces/layer, less than the seedling of the 0.5cm mesh bag of packing into, 1500～1800 pieces/bag;
Accounted for more than the high 0.5cm of seedling shell 60～70% o'clock, and began three fraction seedlings, pack into 280～300 pieces in seed of every layer of dress cage seedling, sieve is every bag of bag seedling below 1000 pieces next time;
Adhere to Sheng mussel and fall cage after the phase, 80～100 pieces/layer of dress cage seedlings.
2. breed method in the middle of the Patinopecten yessoensis natural seeding, wild fry according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described spat is put into 20～30 order mesh bags when two fraction seedlings.
3. breed method in the middle of the Patinopecten yessoensis natural seeding, wild fry according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described spat is the mesh screen seedling of 0.3～0.5cm with mesh when three fraction seedlings.
4. breed method in the middle of the Patinopecten yessoensis natural seeding, wild fry according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described spat is put into the 1.5cm cylinder mould in when falling the cage.
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| CN102100199A (en) * | 2010-12-14 | 2011-06-22 | 大连獐子岛渔业集团股份有限公司 | Method for culturing one-year patinopecten yesoensis |
| CN103168732A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-06-26 | 蓬莱市天保海水养殖有限公司 | Three-stage culturing method for young patinopecten yessoensis |
Citations (3)
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| US5477813A (en) * | 1991-09-11 | 1995-12-26 | Sinvent A/S | Plant for farming fish and shellfish |
| CN1188030C (en) * | 2002-09-25 | 2005-02-09 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Fry anaphase intermediate formation method adapated for seashell of shallows-tidal-flat area |
| CN101606497A (en) * | 2009-07-13 | 2009-12-23 | 大连獐子岛渔业集团股份有限公司 | Three-level breeding method of Japanese scallops |
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| US5477813A (en) * | 1991-09-11 | 1995-12-26 | Sinvent A/S | Plant for farming fish and shellfish |
| CN1188030C (en) * | 2002-09-25 | 2005-02-09 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Fry anaphase intermediate formation method adapated for seashell of shallows-tidal-flat area |
| CN101606497A (en) * | 2009-07-13 | 2009-12-23 | 大连獐子岛渔业集团股份有限公司 | Three-level breeding method of Japanese scallops |
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| 李华琳等.大连西部海域虾夷扇贝采苗试验.《齐鲁渔业》.2007,第24卷(第12期),全文. * |
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