CN108541636B - Method for breeding new hybrid variety of female Arragana scallop and male Patinopecten yessoensis - Google Patents

Method for breeding new hybrid variety of female Arragana scallop and male Patinopecten yessoensis Download PDF

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CN108541636B
CN108541636B CN201810395169.XA CN201810395169A CN108541636B CN 108541636 B CN108541636 B CN 108541636B CN 201810395169 A CN201810395169 A CN 201810395169A CN 108541636 B CN108541636 B CN 108541636B
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scallop
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arragana
scallops
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CN108541636A (en
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王春德
林基亮
魏振禄
刘博�
刘桂龙
马斌
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Qingdao Agricultural University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for breeding a new hybrid variety of female Arragana scallop and male Patinopecten yessoensis. Eggs of female Arragana scallops and fine products of Japanese scallops are obtained in the first year, and a female Arragana scallop x male Japanese scallop hybrid population or a family is established. After the scallops reach sexual maturity, large-individual scallops are respectively selected from the hybrid groups or the optimal hybrid families according to the proportion of male and female 3:1, and are respectively subjected to self-crossing propagation in the groups. The new hybrid variety with two excellent scallop traits can be obtained after four successive generations of breeding according to the same method. The new variety has the advantages of fast growth, wide adaptability and strong stress resistance, the individual weight of the patinopecten yessoensis is improved by more than 20 percent, the survival rate is improved by about 10 percent, and the patinopecten yessoensis is suitable for being cultured in the northern sea areas of China, such as the great continental sea, the Shandong long island and the like.

Description

Method for breeding new hybrid variety of female Arragana scallop and male Patinopecten yessoensis
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a shellfish breeding technology, and particularly relates to a breeding method of a new hybrid variety of female Arragana scallops and male Patinopecten yessoensis.
Background
Arragaga scallop (A)Patinopectencaurinus) The scallop is a cold water large scallop originally produced in the northeast of the Pacific ocean and added to the sea area of California, has high heterozygosity, rich genetic diversity, narrow temperature adaptation range, maximum shell length of 25cm, large shell width, hypertrophic adductor muscle, high meat yield and delicious taste, so that the processed product of the scallop is well received in Europe and America and is one of the good culture varieties recognized in the world.
Japanese scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) Native to Japan, Russia, Korea and the like, China has been in large scale in Shandong, Liaoning and the like since the introduction of Liaoning ocean aquatic research institute into China in 1982The artificial breeding has large individuals, rich and smooth meat quality, delicious taste and rich nutrition, and has high market value. However, the growth speed is slow, the growth period is long, and the problems of frequent disease, deterioration of seed quality, high mortality rate and the like are obvious due to the successive close breeding, so that great loss is brought to the breeding industry, and the healthy and sustainable development of the scallop breeding industry in China is severely restricted, so that the industry urgently needs to culture a scallop with large individual, fast growth and strong stress resistance to support the sustainable development of the scallop breeding industry.
The research finds that the Arragana scallop and the Japanese scallop belong to the same categoryPatinopectenThe number of chromosomes of the two scallops is the same, and the characters of the two scallops are complementary in the aspects of individual size, growth, temperature adaptability and the like, so that the Arragaga scallop and the Patinopecten yessoensis can be subjected to interspecific hybridization to culture a hybrid scallop which is large in individual, fast in growth and strong in stress resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating a new hybrid variety of female Arragana scallop and male Patinopecten yessoensis, which solves the problems in the conventional breeding and cultivation of Patinopecten yessoensis.
The present invention contemplates: 1) both the Arragana scallop and the Japanese scallop belong toPatinopectenBelongs to the genus, has the same number of chromosomes, so that interspecific hybridization between two scallops is possible to be successfully carried out; 2) the characters of the two scallops are complementary in the aspects of individual size, growth, temperature adaptability and the like, so that if the two scallops are subjected to interspecific hybridization, a hybrid scallop which integrates the excellent genes of the two scallops and has the advantages of large individual, quick growth, wide temperature adaptation range and strong stress resistance can be cultured; in addition, 3) in the process of interspecific hybridization, chitosan with certain concentration is added in order to improve the fertility rate and the hatching rate, so as to effectively improve the fertility rate and the hatching rate.
Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
1. eggs of female Arragana scallop and fine powder of Japanese scallop are respectively obtained and are subjected to cross fertilization, and a female Arragana scallop x male Japanese scallop hybrid population or family is established.
2. Selecting an optimal family or a group according to the overall performance of the characters such as growth and survival of the hybrid family or the group, respectively selecting large scallops from the optimal hybrid family or the group according to the ratio of male and female to 3:1, carrying out self-propagation of the group after accelerating maturity and hastening parturition by a conventional method, and carrying out larva cultivation, seedling intermediate cultivation and marine cultivation according to the conventional comb scallop cultivation method.
3. The large parent scallop is selected according to the same method to carry out population self-propagation, so that a new hybrid variety of female Arragaga scallop x male patinopecten yessoensis with excellent characters and stable heredity can be obtained after continuous four generations.
In the hybridization process, 10 is added after spawning-6Chitosan is placed for 20 minutes to effectively improve the fertilization rate and the hatching rate.
The new hybrid variety obtained by the invention has the excellent genes of the Japanese scallops and the Arragaga scallops, has the advantages of quick growth, wide adaptability and strong stress resistance, is suitable for breeding in the northern sea areas of China, such as the great continental sea, the Shandong long island and the like, has the individual weight which is improved by more than 20 percent compared with the Japanese scallops, and has the survival rate which is improved by about 10 percent, so the new hybrid variety is expected to replace the Japanese scallops to become one of the main breeding varieties in the northern China.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The invention relates to a method for breeding a new hybrid scallop variety by establishing a hybrid population, which comprises the following specific operation steps:
1) selecting 100 female Arragana scallop and 100 male Patinopecten yessoensis of large individuals, respectively, placing in a seedling culture chamber at the beginning of 2 months with a culture density of 10/m3Feeding the diatoms such as diatoms and Platymonas with the concentration of 200-3Changing water by one half every day, pouring the pond every six days, and continuously inflating by using an air compressor. After the scallop is put into the pool, the temperature is raised to 0.5 ℃ every day, the scallop is cultivated for a plurality of days at constant temperature of 8 ℃, and the feeding amount of the bait is gradually increased until the scallop reaches sexual maturity. Selecting excellent female Arragana scallop and male Patinopecten yessoensis with mature gonad, drying in shade for 1 hr, and dryingPlacing shellfish in 25L plastic bucket containing 12 deg.C seawater, ovipositing, and adding 10-6Chitosan is placed for 20 minutes, and then the existence of sperm contamination is checked under a microscope, if polar body release indicates that fertilization is performed, the chitosan is discarded, and if polar body release does not occur, the chitosan is collected, so that more than 25 eggs of the Arragana scallop are obtained; 50 male Japanese scallops are combined together to produce essence. Adding the sperms of the above Patinopecten yessoensis into the ovum of each oviposition Arragana scallop, wherein the dosage of the sperms is preferably 4-5 sperms around each ovum by microscopic examination, and if the sperms can not be added continuously, more than 25 female Arragana scallop x male Patinopecten yessoensis hybrid groups are respectively established. And then placing the fertilized eggs in a 100L white plastic bucket for hatching, and carrying out larva cultivation, seedling intermediate cultivation and marine cultivation according to a conventional patinopecten yessoensis cultivation method.
2) According to the overall growth and survival performance of the hybrid population, selecting the optimal female and male hybrid population of the Arragana scallop x the male Japanese scallop, selecting more than 150 female parent scallops and more than 50 male parent scallops from the optimal population according to the ratio of female to male of 3:1, and introducing the male parent scallops and scallop parents into a seedling raising chamber for ripening in 2 months. After the parent shellfish is mature, mixing the obtained ovum and sperm according to a conventional spawning induction method, and continuously establishing an inbred group. And then placing the fertilized eggs in a 100L white plastic bucket for hatching, and carrying out larva cultivation, seedling intermediate cultivation and marine cultivation according to a conventional patinopecten yessoensis cultivation method.
3) The female parent shellfish of large individuals and the male parent shellfish of large individuals are selected more than 150 per year according to the ratio of male to female being 3:1, and are bred into groups by a conventional method, and the number of individuals of each group is more than 2000. Through four successive generations of breeding, a new hybrid variety of female Arragaga scallop x male patinopecten yessoensis with excellent characters and stable heredity can be obtained.
Example 2
The invention relates to a method for breeding a new hybrid scallop variety by establishing a hybrid family, which comprises the following specific operation steps:
1) selecting 100 female Arragana scallops and 100 male Patinopecten yessoensis, respectively, placing into a seedling culture chamber at the beginning of 2 months, and separately culturing the male and female scallop with a culture density of 10/m3Feeding the diatoms such as diatoms and Platymonas with the concentration of 200-3Changing water by one half every day, pouring the pond every six days, and continuously inflating by using an air compressor. After the scallop is put into the pool, the temperature is raised to 0.5 ℃ every day, the scallop is cultivated for a plurality of days at constant temperature of 8 ℃, and the feeding amount of the bait is gradually increased until the scallop reaches sexual maturity. Respectively selecting 50 excellent female Arragana scallop and 50 male Patinopecten yessoensis with mature gonad, drying in the shade for 1 hr, placing single scallop in 25L plastic barrel with 12 deg.C seawater, respectively collecting ovum and sperm of two kinds of scallops, ovipositing, adding 10-6Chitosan is placed for 20 minutes, and then the sperm contamination is checked under a microscope, if the sperm contamination exists, the chitosan is discarded if the sperm contamination exists, and if the sperm contamination does not exist, the chitosan is collected; the ovum and sperm of two kinds of scallops are respectively cross fertilized to establish over 25 hybrid families of male and female Arragaga scallop and male Patinopecten yessoensis. And then placing the fertilized eggs in a 100L white plastic bucket for hatching, and carrying out larva cultivation, seedling intermediate cultivation and marine cultivation according to a conventional patinopecten yessoensis cultivation method.
2) According to the overall growth and survival performance of the hybrid families, the optimal female and male hybrid families of the Arragana scallop and the male Japanese scallop are selected, more than 150 female parent scallops and more than 50 male parent scallops are selected from the optimal families according to the ratio of female to male of 3:1, and the male parent scallops and the female parent scallops are brought into a seedling raising chamber for ripening in 2 months. After the parent shellfish is mature, the parent population is propagated by self according to a conventional induced spawning method to continuously establish an inbred population. And then placing the fertilized eggs in a 100L white plastic bucket for hatching, and carrying out larva cultivation, seedling intermediate cultivation and marine cultivation according to a conventional patinopecten yessoensis cultivation method.
3) The female parent shellfish of large individuals and the male parent shellfish of large individuals are selected more than 150 per year according to the ratio of male to female being 3:1, and are bred into groups by a conventional method, and the number of individuals of each group is more than 2000. Finally, through continuous four-generation breeding, a new hybrid variety of female Arragaga scallop x male Japanese scallop with excellent characters and stable heredity can be obtained.
Example 3
Collecting mature female donkey in 2016 at the end of 2 monthsThe 5 Lassa scallops and 5 male Patinopecten yessoensis are heated and dried in the shade to stimulate to obtain the eggs and sperms of the Lassa scallops, 10 are added into the eggs-6After the chitosan is treated for 20 minutes, the patinopecten yessoensis is inseminated by the sperms of the patinopecten yessoensis, and 3 female Arragaga scallops and male Arragaga scallop hybrid first generation families are obtained.
Measured by 2016, 12 months and 17 days, the average shell height of the optimal hybrid family is 42.0 +/-1.6 millimeters, the shell length is 40.1 +/-1.7 millimeters, the shell width is 9.0 +/-0.6 millimeters, the weight is 6.52 +/-0.90 grams, and the survival rate in the growing period is 95.8 percent; the average shell height of the Arragana scallop control group in the same period is 38.0 +/-2.7 mm, the shell length is 36.3 +/-2.6 mm, the shell width is 7.9 +/-0.8 mm, the body weight is 4.64 +/-1.03 mm, and the survival rate in the culture period is 88.6%. The shell height of the hybrid pedigree is improved by about 10.53 percent compared with the shell height of the Arragana, the shell length is improved by about 10.47 percent, the shell width is improved by about 13.92 percent, the body weight is improved by about 40.52 percent, and the survival rate is improved by about 8.13 percent.
Therefore, the growth rate and the survival rate of hybrid offspring cultured by interspecific hybridization of the female Arragana scallop and the male Patinopecten yessoensis are obviously improved, and the hybrid variety is proved to have obvious breeding value, so that the hybrid variety is expected to be widely popularized in the northern sea area of China.

Claims (1)

1. A breeding method of a new hybrid variety of female Arragana scallop and male Patinopecten yessoensis is characterized in that eggs of the female Arragana scallop and the essence of the male Patinopecten yessoensis are obtained respectively and are subjected to cross fertilization, a hybrid population or a family of the female Arragana scallop x the male Patinopecten yessoensis is established, then an optimal family or population is selected according to the growth and survival overall performance of the hybrid family or population, large-individual scallops are selected from the optimal hybrid family or population according to the ratio of female to male 3:1, self-reproduction of the population is carried out after ripening and hastening production by a conventional method, and the new hybrid variety of the female Arragana scallop x the male Patinopecten yessoensis with excellent properties and stable heredity can be obtained after four generations continuously;
the specific operation steps for establishing the hybrid population of female Arragana scallop and male Patinopecten yessoensis are as follows:
1) respectively selectTaking 100 female Arragana scallop and male Patinopecten yessoensis of large individuals, placing into the seedling culture chamber at the beginning of 2 months, and culturing at density of 10/m3Feeding diatom and Platymonas with the concentration of 200-3Changing water by one half every day, pouring the pond once every six days, and continuously inflating by using an air compressor; after the scallop is put into the pool, the temperature is raised to 0.5 ℃ every day, the scallop is cultivated for several days at constant temperature of 8 ℃, and the feeding amount of the bait is gradually increased until the scallop reaches sexual maturity; selecting excellent female Arragana scallop and male Patinopecten yessoensis with mature gonad, drying in the shade for 1 hr, placing single female Arragana scallop in 25L plastic bucket with 12 deg.C seawater, laying eggs, and adding 10-6g/L chitosan and placing for 20 minutes, then checking whether sperm pollution exists or not under a microscope, if polar body release indicates that fertilization is performed, discarding the chitosan, and if polar body release indicates that fertilization is performed, collecting the chitosan, thus obtaining more than 25 eggs of the Arragana scallops; and 50 male Japanese scallops are combined together to produce essence; adding the ovum of each oviposition Arragana scallop into the sperms of the above Patinopecten yessoensis, wherein the amount of the sperms is 4-5 sperms around each ovum by microscopic examination, and if the sperms are not added continuously, respectively establishing more than 25 female Arragana scallop x male Patinopecten yessoensis hybrid groups; then putting the fertilized eggs into a 100L white plastic bucket for hatching, and carrying out larva cultivation, seedling intermediate cultivation and marine cultivation according to a conventional patinopecten yessoensis cultivation method;
2) selecting an optimal female Arragana scallop x male Patinopecten hybrid population according to the overall growth and survival performance of the hybrid population, selecting more than 150 female parent scallops and more than 50 male parent scallops of a large individual from the optimal population according to the ratio of female to male of 3:1, and bringing the large individual female parent scallops and the male parent scallops into a seedling raising chamber for ripening in 2 months; after the parent shellfish is mature, mixing the obtained ovum and sperm according to a conventional spawning induction method, and continuously establishing an inbred group; finally, the fertilized eggs are placed in a 100L white plastic bucket for hatching, and the larva cultivation, the intermediate cultivation of the offspring seeds and the marine cultivation are carried out according to the conventional patinopecten yessoensis cultivation method; 3) selecting more than 150 female parent scallops and more than 50 male parent scallops of a large individual according to the ratio of male to female being 3:1 every year, and self-propagating into groups by a conventional method, wherein the number of individuals of each group is more than 2000; through continuous four-generation breeding, a new variety of female Arragaga scallop multiplied by male patinopecten yessoensis with excellent characters and stable heredity can be obtained;
the specific operation steps for establishing the hybrid line of female Arragana scallop and male Patinopecten yessoensis are as follows:
1) selecting 100 female Arragana scallops and 100 male Patinopecten yessoensis, respectively, placing into a seedling culture chamber at the beginning of 2 months, and separately culturing the male and female scallop with a culture density of 10/m3Feeding diatom and Platymonas with the concentration of 200-3Changing water by one half every day, pouring the pond once every six days, and continuously inflating by using an air compressor; after the scallop is put into the pool, the temperature is raised to 0.5 ℃ every day, the scallop is cultivated for several days at constant temperature of 8 ℃, and the feeding amount of the bait is gradually increased until the scallop reaches sexual maturity; respectively selecting 50 excellent female Arragana scallop and 50 male Patinopecten yessoensis with mature gonad, drying in the shade for 1 hr, placing single scallop in 25L plastic barrel with 12 deg.C seawater, respectively collecting ovum and sperm of two kinds of scallops, ovipositing, adding 10-6g/L chitosan is placed for 20 minutes, and then the existence of sperm contamination is checked under a microscope, if polar body release indicates fertilization, the sperm contamination is discarded, and if the polar body release indicates fertilization, the sperm contamination is collected; respectively cross-fertilizing the ovum and sperm of two kinds of scallops, establishing more than 25 hybrid families of female Arragana scallop and male Patinopecten yessoensis, placing the fertilized ovum in a 100L white plastic barrel for hatching, and performing larva cultivation, seedling intermediate cultivation and marine cultivation according to a conventional Patinopecten yessoensis cultivation method;
2) according to the overall growth and survival performance of the hybrid families, selecting the optimal female Arragana scallop x male Patinopecten yessoensis hybrid family, selecting more than 150 female parent scallops and more than 50 male parent scallops from the optimal family according to the ratio of female to male being 3:1, and bringing the male parent scallops and the female parent scallops into a seedling raising chamber for ripening in 2 months; after the parent scallops are mature, self-propagating parent scallop groups to continuously establish selfing groups according to a conventional induced spawning method; then putting the fertilized eggs into a 100L white plastic bucket for hatching, and carrying out larva cultivation, seedling intermediate cultivation and marine cultivation according to a conventional patinopecten yessoensis cultivation method;
3) selecting more than 150 female parent scallops and more than 50 male parent scallops of a large individual according to the ratio of male to female being 3:1 every year, and self-propagating into groups by a conventional method, wherein the number of individuals of each group is more than 2000; through four successive generations of breeding, a new hybrid variety of female Arragaga scallop x male patinopecten yessoensis with excellent characters and stable heredity can be obtained.
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