CN116376993B - 一种异丙醇胺的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及基因工程及发酵工程技术领域,具体公开了一种异丙醇胺的制备方法,其特征在于,苏氨酸在氧化酶的作用下转化为L‑2‑氨基‑3氧代丁酸,L‑2‑氨基‑3氧代丁酸自发脱羧得到氨基丙酮,氨基丙酮在还原酶的作用下转化为异丙醇胺,异丙醇胺包括1‑氨基‑(R)‑2‑丙醇或1‑氨基‑(S)‑2‑丙醇。本发明采用成本低廉的采用,制备工序简单,操作手段温和,过程环保,转化率及产率高,适合工业化加工生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及基因工程及发酵工程技术领域,具体涉及一种异丙醇胺的制备方法。
背景技术
异丙醇胺是重要的基础性化工原料,广泛应用于金属保护剂、酸性气体吸收剂、水泥助磨剂等领域,还可以用作纤维工业精炼剂、抗静电剂、染色剂、纤维湿润剂,还可合成洗涤剂,及用于化妆品润滑油,切削油的抗氧剂、增塑剂、乳化剂和溶剂的制备等。
目前生产异丙醇胺的方法有环氧丙烷法、氰氨化钙法和超临界流体法。环氧丙烷法是将环氧丙烷与氨混合后,经预热进行开环反应,生成混合物,然后经脱氢、脱水、减压蒸馏、精馏而得到异丙醇胺,在此过程中,根据环氧丙烷和氨的投料比,还可生成二异丙醇胺和三异丙醇胺。氰氨化钙法是利用环氧丙烷与氰氨化钙作用,生成2-氨基-3-(2-羟丙基)-5甲基-1,3-二噁唑烷和碳酸钙;噁唑烷在氢氧化钾或碳酸钾存在下生成二异丙醇胺。超临界流体法是以氨和环氧丙烷为原料,水为催化剂,在超临界状态下经过闪蒸、吸收二步脱氨和减压连续精馏、降膜蒸发等工艺,连续生成异丙醇胺。
以上合成方法面临着步骤复杂,原料及中间产物不环保,涉及到剧毒氰化物的使用,且反应条件苛刻,副产物复杂,转化率低下、产量不高等问题,亟待改进。
发明内容
本发明所解决的技术问题在于提供一种更适合工业化生产且更环保,产量更高的异丙醇胺的制备方法。
本发明所解决的技术问题采用以下技术方案来实现:
一种异丙醇胺的制备方法,苏氨酸在氧化酶的作用下转化为L-2-氨基-3氧代丁酸,L-2-氨基-3氧代丁酸自发脱羧得到氨基丙酮,氨基丙酮在还原酶的作用下转化为异丙醇胺,异丙醇胺包括1-氨基-(R)-2-丙醇或1-氨基-(S)-2-丙醇。
进一步地,转化在细菌或真菌体内完成。
进一步地,以苏氨酸为底物,加入含有氧化酶编码基因及还原酶编码基因的重组微生物进行发酵培养,发酵过程中,重组微生物过表达产生所述氧化酶及还原酶。
进一步地,氧化酶编码基因包括tdh、yiaY、adhB中的一种或几种,所述还原酶编码基因包括gre2p、egsA、SU7、VIN7中的一种或几种。这些基因可以是野生的,也可以为通过基因工程改造过的。
进一步地,包括通过基因工程方法构建所述重组微生物,基因工程方法包括质粒表达或基因组整合。
进一步地,重组微生物通过质粒表达的方法进行构建,构建方法为:通过PCR扩增获得氧化酶编码基因及还原酶编码基因,将获得的基因共同连接至含有IPTG诱导型启动子的质粒载体上并转化至感受态细胞中,测序后获得重组载体;将重组载体转化至微生物中即得到重组微生物。
优选的,质粒载体为pZAlac、pZElac中的一种或两种。
优选的,重组载体为pZE-tdh-gre2p,pZE-tdh-gre2p构建方法为:以大肠杆菌MG1655及酿酒酵母S288C的基因组为模板分别通过PCR扩增得tdh基因和gre2p基因,将tdh基因和gre2p基因共同连接至含有IPTG诱导型启动子的pZElac载体上并转化至大肠杆菌E.coli dh5a感受态细胞中,测序后得到质粒pZE-tdh-gre2p。
优选的,重组载体为pZE-tdh-gldA,pZE-tdh-gldA构建方法为:以大肠杆菌MG1655及酿酒酵母S288C的基因组为模板分别通过PCR扩增得tdh基因和gldA基因,将tdh基因和gldA基因共同连接至含有IPTG诱导型启动子的pZElac载体上并转化至大肠杆菌E.colidh5a感受态细胞中,测序后得到质粒pZE-tdh-gldA。
进一步地,微生物选自大肠杆菌、芽孢杆菌、棒状杆菌、酵母或链霉菌中的一种或几种。
进一步地,微生物选自大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillusamyloliquefaciens)、谷氨酸棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)、酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilis)或毕赤酵母(Pichiapastoris)中的一种或几种。
进一步地,发酵过程中,发酵温度为20~90℃。
优选的,所述发酵温度为30℃-65℃。
优选的,所述发酵温度为30-35℃。
优选为30℃。优选为32℃。优选为35℃。
进一步地,发酵过程中,采用的培养基包括如下比例的原料:M9盐11~13g/L,硫酸镁1~5mM/L,氯化钙0.1~0.5mM/L、硫胺素0.01~0.05mg/mL、辅料10~100g/L、酵母粉3~8g/L、IPTG 1~3mM/L、硫酸卡那霉素30~60μg/mL。
有益效果:本发明所述的一种异丙醇胺的制备方法,其利用酶将苏氨酸氧化为L-2-氨基-3-氧代丁酸,得到的L-2-氨基-3氧代丁酸自发得脱羧得到氨基丙酮,然后利用还原酶将氨基丙酮还原为异丙醇胺。本发明采用成本低廉的采用,制备工序简单,操作手段温和,能避免剧毒氰化物的使用,过程环保,转化率及产率高,适合工业化加工生产。
本发明能在温和的环境下分别生产两种不同构型的异丙醇胺。具有很好的生产推广和应用价值。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施例进一步阐述本发明。
在本公开中,除非另有说明,否则本文中使用的科学和技术名词具有本领域技术人员所通常理解的含义。并且,本文中所用的核酸化学、分子生物学、细胞和组织培养、微生物学、免疫学相关术语和实验室操作步骤均为相应领域内广泛使用的术语和常规步骤。同时,为了更好地理解本公开,下面提供相关术语的定义和解释。
也应理解本文使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式的目的,并不意欲是限制性的。
本文中使用冠词“一”和“所述”来指代冠词的语法宾语中的一个或多于一个。
替代方案(例如,“或”)的使用应当被理解为意指替代方案中的一个、两个或其任何组合。术语“和/或”应当被理解为意指替代方案中的一个或两个。
如本文所用,术语“基因合成”,指利用重组DNA技术产生或利用本领域可用和公知的合成DNA或氨基酸序列技术获得。
“编码”指的是多核苷酸诸如基因、cDNA或mRNA中核苷酸的特异性序列用作模板合成在生物学过程中的其他多聚体和大分子的固有性质,所述多聚体和大分子具有核苷酸(即,rRNA、tRNA和mRNA)的限定序列或氨基酸的限定序列中的任一个和由其产生的生物学性质。因此,如果相应于那个基因的mRNA的转录和翻译在细胞或其他生物学系统中产生蛋白质,则基因编码蛋白质。核苷酸序列等同mRNA序列并通常提供在序列表中的编码链,和用作转录基因或cDNA的模板的非编码链两者,都可被称为编码那个基因或cDNA的蛋白质或其他产物。
如本文所用,术语“内源的”指的是来自有机体、细胞、组织或系统的或在有机体、细胞、组织或系统内产生的任何物质。
如本文所用,术语“外源的”指的是任何从有机体、细胞、组织或系统引入的或在有机体、细胞、组织或系统外产生的物质。
如本文所用,术语“表达”被定义为由它的启动子驱动的特定核苷酸序列的转录和/或翻译。
除非另有规定,“编码氨基酸序列的多核苷酸序列”包括为彼此简并版本并编码相同的氨基酸序列的所有的核苷酸序列。短语编码蛋白质或RNA的核苷酸序列也可包括内含子,其程度为编码该蛋白质的核苷酸序列可在某些版本中包含内含子(一个或多个)。
如本文所用的,术语“载体”为物质组合物,其包括分离的核酸,并且其可用于传递分离的核酸至细胞内部。转移的核酸通常连接到例如插入到载体核酸分子中。载体可以包含引导细胞中的自主复制的序列或可以包含足以允许整合到宿主细胞DNA中的序列。很多载体在本领域中是已知的,包含但不限于质粒、噬菌粒、人工染色体、细菌噬菌体以及动物病毒。因此,术语“载体”包括自主复制的质粒或病毒。
本发明实例所用的DNA聚合酶Phanta Max Super-Fidelity DNA Polymerase、非连接酶依赖型单片段快速克隆试剂盒II One Step购自南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司。
LB培养基成分:胰蛋白胨10g/L,酵母粉5g/L,氯化钠10g/L,固体培养基中添加1.5%的琼脂粉。
抗生素浓度为:氨苄霉素50μg/mL。
异丙醇胺的检测方法:使用配备安捷伦色谱柱(Agilent InfinityLab Poroshell120Columns)的HPLC-RID定量检测异丙醇胺。
实施例1和实施例2用到的重组载体构建如下;
根据NCBI公布的大肠杆菌MG1655和酿酒酵母S288C的基因组序列分别设计引物:
以大肠杆菌MG1655的基因组为模板通过PCR扩增得tdh基因片段,以酿酒酵母S288C的基因组为模板通过PCR扩增得gre2p基因片段,并通过非连接酶依赖型单片段快速克隆试剂盒将其连接到含有IPTG诱导型启动子的载体pZElac上,然后转化至BW25113感受态细胞,涂布硫酸卡那霉素抗性平板过夜培养,挑阳性克隆进行测序验证,正确的重组载体命名为pZE-tdh-gre2p。
以大肠杆菌MG1655的基因组为模板通过PCR扩增得tdh基因片段及gldA基因片段,并通过非连接酶依赖型单片段快速克隆试剂盒将其连接到含有IPTG诱导型启动子的载体pZElac上,然后转化至BW25113感受态细胞,涂布硫酸卡那霉素抗性平板过夜培养,挑阳性克隆进行测序验证,正确的重组载体命名为pZE-tdh-gldA。
其中,tdh基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
gre2p基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。
gldA基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:3所示。
实施例1
将重组载体pZE-tdh-gre2p转入大肠杆菌BW25113中,得到重组菌,将上述重组菌单菌落分别接种2mL含有50μg/mL氨苄霉素的LB液体培养基,37℃,220rpm过夜培养(约14h)。按照初始OD为0.05转接装有10mL发酵培养基的100mL三角瓶,往发酵培养基中按8.57g/L的比例加入苏氨酸作为底物(该比例为苏氨酸与发酵培养基的比值),30℃,220rpm培养。每个发酵瓶中加入0.5g CaCO3调节发酵液的pH。培养12h及24h后收集发酵液,检测苏氨酸和异丙醇胺的浓度(参见表1)。苏氨酸在tdh编码的氧化酶的作用下转化为L-2-氨基-3氧代丁酸,L-2-氨基-3氧代丁酸自发脱羧得到氨基丙酮,氨基丙酮在gre2p编码的还原酶的作用下转化为异丙醇胺。
才用的发酵培养基如下:
实施例2
本实施例为对照实施例。将重组载体pZE-tdh-gldA转入大肠杆菌BW25113中,得到重组菌,将上述重组菌单菌落分别接种2mL含有50μg/mL氨苄霉素的LB液体培养基,37℃,220rpm过夜培养(约14h)。按照初始OD为0.05转接装有10mL发酵培养基的100mL三角瓶,往发酵培养基中按8.57g/L的比例加入苏氨酸作为底物(该比例为苏氨酸与发酵培养基的比值),32℃,220rpm培养。每个发酵瓶中加入0.5g CaCO3调节发酵液的pH。培养12h及24h后收集发酵液,检测苏氨酸和异丙醇胺的浓度(参见表1)。苏氨酸在tdh编码的氧化酶的作用下转化为L-2-氨基-3氧代丁酸,L-2-氨基-3氧代丁酸自发脱羧得到氨基丙酮,氨基丙酮在gldA编码的还原酶的作用下转化为异丙醇胺。
实施例1及实施例2的检测结果如表1所示。可知,实施例1中发酵12h后发酵液中异丙醇胺浓度为0.43g/L,转化率为22.6%,发酵24h后发酵液中的异丙醇胺高达1.48g/L,转化率为43.8%,本实施例中得到的异丙醇胺均为S-构型的异丙醇胺,在其它的一些实施例中,可通过酶基因的选择实现对异丙醇胺产物的构型的控制。而实施例2在发酵过程中,由于氧化酶的存在,苏氨酸有所转化,然而gldA虽然也为还原酶编码基因,却并不能催化产生异丙醇胺。
表1检测结果表
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 西湖大学
<120> 一种异丙醇胺的制备方法
<130> 2022
<160> 3
<170> PatentIn version 3.3
<210> 1
<211> 1026
<212> DNA
<213> MG1655 E.coli Strain
<400> 1
atgaaagcgt tatccaaact gaaagcggaa gagggcatct ggatgaccga cgttcctgta 60
ccggaactcg ggcataacga tctgctgatt aaaatccgta aaacagccat ctgcgggact 120
gacgttcaca tctataactg ggatgagtgg tcgcaaaaaa ccatcccggt gccgatggtc 180
gtgggccatg aatatgtcgg tgaagtggta ggtattggtc aggaagtgaa aggcttcaag 240
atcggcgatc gcgtttctgg cgaaggccat atcacctgtg gtcattgccg caactgtcgt 300
ggtggtcgta cccatttgtg ccgcaacacg ataggcgttg gtgttaatcg cccgggctgc 360
tttgccgaat atctggtgat cccggcattc aacgccttca aaatccccga caatatttcc 420
gatgacttag ccgcaatttt tgatcccttc ggtaacgccg tgcataccgc gctgtcgttt 480
gatctggtgg gcgaagatgt gctggtttct ggtgcaggcc cgattggtat tatggcagcg 540
gcggtggcga aacacgttgg tgcacgcaat gtggtgatca ctgatgttaa cgaataccgc 600
cttgagctgg cgcgtaaaat gggtatcacc cgtgcggtta acgtcgccaa agaaaatctc 660
aatgacgtga tggcggagtt aggcatgacc gaaggttttg atgtcggtct ggaaatgtcc 720
ggtgcgccgc cagcgtttcg taccatgctt gacaccatga atcacggcgg ccgtattgcg 780
atgctgggta ttccgccgtc tgatatgtct atcgactgga ccaaagtgat ctttaaaggc 840
ttgttcatta aaggtattta cggtcgtgag atgtttgaaa cctggtacaa gatggcggcg 900
ctgattcagt ctggcctcga tctttcgccg atcattaccc atcgtttctc tatcgatgat 960
ttccagaagg gctttgacgc tatgcgttcg ggccagtccg ggaaagttat tctgagctgg 1020
gattaa 1026
<210> 2
<211> 1029
<212> DNA
<213> 酿酒酵母S288C(Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288c)
<400> 2
atgtcagttt tcgtttcagg tgctaacggg ttcattgccc aacacattgt cgatctcctg 60
ttgaaggaag actataaggt catcggttct gccagaagtc aagaaaaggc cgagaattta 120
acggaggcct ttggtaacaa cccaaaattc tccatggaag ttgtcccaga catatctaag 180
ctggacgcat ttgaccatgt tttccaaaag cacggcaagg atatcaagat agttctacat 240
acggcctctc cattctgctt tgatatcact gacagtgaac gcgatttatt aattcctgct 300
gtgaacggtg ttaagggaat tctccactca attaaaaaat acgccgctga ttctgtagaa 360
cgtgtagttc tcacctcttc ttatgcagct gtgttcgata tggcaaaaga aaacgataag 420
tctttaacat ttaacgaaga atcctggaac ccagctacct gggagagttg ccaaagtgac 480
ccagttaacg cctactgtgg ttctaagaag tttgctgaaa aagcagcttg ggaatttcta 540
gaggagaata gagactctgt aaaattcgaa ttaactgccg ttaacccagt ttacgttttt 600
ggtccgcaaa tgtttgacaa agatgtgaaa aaacacttga acacatcttg cgaactcgtc 660
aacagcttga tgcatttatc accagaggac aagataccgg aactatttgg tggatacatt 720
gatgttcgtg atgttgcaaa ggctcattta gttgccttcc aaaagaggga aacaattggt 780
caaagactaa tcgtatcgga ggccagattt actatgcagg atgttctcga tatccttaac 840
gaagacttcc ctgttctaaa aggcaatatt ccagtgggga aaccaggttc tggtgctacc 900
cataacaccc ttggtgctac tcttgataat aaaaagagta agaaattgtt aggtttcaag 960
ttcaggaact tgaaagagac cattgacgac actgcctccc aaattttaaa atttgagggc 1020
agaatataa 1029
<210> 3
<211> 1104
<212> DNA
<213> MG1655 E.coli Strain
<400> 3
atggaccgca ttattcaatc accgggtaaa tacatccagg gcgctgatgt gattaatcgt 60
ctgggcgaat acctgaagcc gctggcagaa cgctggttag tggtgggtga caaatttgtt 120
ttaggttttg ctcaatccac tgtcgagaaa agctttaaag atgctggact ggtagtagaa 180
attgcgccgt ttggcggtga atgttcgcaa aatgagatcg accgtctgcg tggcatcgcg 240
gagactgcgc agtgtggcgc aattctcggt atcggtggcg gaaaaaccct cgatactgcc 300
aaagcactgg cacatttcat gggtgttccg gtagcgatcg caccgactat cgcctctacc 360
gatgcaccgt gcagcgcatt gtctgttatc tacaccgatg agggtgagtt tgaccgctat 420
ctgctgttgc caaataaccc gaatatggtc attgtcgaca ccaaaatcgt cgctggcgca 480
cctgcacgtc tgttagcggc gggtatcggc gatgcgctgg caacctggtt tgaagcgcgt 540
gcctgctctc gtagcggcgc gaccaccatg gcgggcggca agtgcaccca ggctgcgctg 600
gcactggctg aactgtgcta caacaccctg ctggaagaag gcgaaaaagc gatgcttgct 660
gccgaacagc atgtagtgac tccggcgctg gagcgcgtga ttgaagcgaa cacctatttg 720
agcggtgttg gttttgaaag tggtggtctg gctgcggcgc acgcagtgca taacggcctg 780
accgctatcc cggacgcgca tcactattat cacggtgaaa aagtggcatt cggtacgctg 840
acgcagctgg ttctggaaaa tgcgccggtg gaggaaatcg aaaccgtagc tgcccttagc 900
catgcggtag gtttgccaat aactctcgct caactggata ttaaagaaga tgtcccggcg 960
aaaatgcgaa ttgtggcaga agcggcatgt gcagaaggtg aaaccattca caacatgcct 1020
ggcggcgcga cgccagatca ggtttacgcc gctctgctgg tagccgacca gtacggtcag 1080
cgtttcctgc aagagtggga ataa 1104
Claims (7)
1.一种异丙醇胺的制备方法,其特征在于,苏氨酸在氧化酶的作用下转化为L-2-氨基-3氧代丁酸,L-2-氨基-3氧代丁酸自发脱羧得到氨基丙酮,氨基丙酮在还原酶的作用下转化为异丙醇胺,异丙醇胺为1-氨基-(S)-2-丙醇;
以苏氨酸为底物,加入含有氧化酶编码基因及还原酶编码基因的重组微生物进行发酵培养,发酵过程中,重组微生物过表达产生所述氧化酶及还原酶;
所述还原酶编码基因为gre2p,所述gre2p的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示;
所述氧化酶编码基因为tdh,所述tdh的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
2.根据权利要求1所述的异丙醇胺的制备方法,其特征在于,转化在大肠杆菌体内完成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的异丙醇胺的制备方法,其特征在于,包括通过基因工程方法构建所述重组微生物,基因工程方法包括质粒表达或基因组整合。
4.根据权利要求3所述的异丙醇胺的制备方法,其特征在于,重组微生物通过质粒表达的方法进行构建,构建方法为:通过PCR扩增获得氧化酶编码基因及还原酶编码基因,将获得的基因共同连接至含有IPTG诱导型启动子的质粒载体上并转化至感受态细胞中,测序后获得重组载体;将重组载体转化至微生物中即得到重组微生物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的异丙醇胺的制备方法,其特征在于,重组载体为pZE-tdh-gre2p,pZE-tdh-gre2p构建方法为:以大肠杆菌MG1655及酿酒酵母S288C的基因组为模板分别通过PCR扩增得tdh基因和gre2p基因,将tdh基因和gre2p基因共同连接至含有IPTG诱导型启动子的pZElac载体上并转化至大肠杆菌E .coli dh5a感受态细胞中,测序后得到质粒pZE-tdh-gre2p。
6.根据权利要求1所述的异丙醇胺的制备方法,其特征在于,发酵过程中,发酵温度为20~32℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的异丙醇胺的制备方法,其特征在于,发酵过程中,采用的培养基包括如下比例的原料:M9盐11~13g/L,硫酸镁1~5mM/L,氯化钙0.1~0.5mM/L、硫胺素0.01~0.05mg/mL、辅料10~100g/L、酵母粉3~8g/L、IPTG 1~3mM/L、硫酸卡那霉素30~60μg/mL。
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