CN116370562A - 一种治疗变应性鼻炎的鼻腔润洗剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种治疗变应性鼻炎的鼻腔润洗剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116370562A CN116370562A CN202310349325.XA CN202310349325A CN116370562A CN 116370562 A CN116370562 A CN 116370562A CN 202310349325 A CN202310349325 A CN 202310349325A CN 116370562 A CN116370562 A CN 116370562A
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Abstract
本发明涉及医药技术领域,具体为一种治疗变应性鼻炎的鼻腔润洗剂及其应用;主要由以下重量份数的有效成分制作而成:荆芥8‑12g,细辛2‑5g,防风8‑12g,辛夷10‑15g,石膏8‑13g,山药10‑15g,白术10‑15g,甘草10‑20g,饴糖3‑8g;本发明鼻腔润洗剂具有温和、方便、有效的优点,药性温和不刺激,使用方法简单快捷;对患者身体的刺激小,不容易产生副作用;且患者的可接受程度较高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药技术领域,具体为一种治疗变应性鼻炎的鼻腔润洗剂及其应用。
背景技术
变应性鼻炎是一种以鼻痒、打喷嚏、鼻溢、鼻塞为主要症状的上呼吸道炎症性疾病。变应性鼻炎又称过敏性鼻炎、变态反应性鼻炎。是因为吸入外界过敏性抗原而引起的,以鼻痒、打喷嚏、流清涕等为主要症状的疾病。变应性鼻炎是儿童极为常见的一种慢性鼻黏膜充血的疾病。与感冒不同的是,变应性鼻炎一般是在气候改变、早上起床、或空气中有粉尘时发作,不过这种现象一般只持续10~20分钟,一天之中可能间歇出现。
变应性鼻炎是影响人类健康的公共问题,全球发病率为10%~20%,是目前最常见的慢性非传染性疾病。流行病学调查显示,近年来我国变应性鼻炎的发病率也在逐年上升,6~13岁儿童变应性鼻炎的发病率为9.8%。企业员工患病率(12.82%)显著高于事业员工(5.32%)和机关员工(5.41%)。低于40岁的患者较多。第三季度发病率较高。
变应性鼻炎的症状有很多,其中最典型的症状就是阵发性的喷嚏连续性发作,通常一次可打数个到数十个,主要在早晨起来和夜晚以及接触到变应原的时候较为明显;再一种症状就是鼻涕分泌会亢进,流出大量的水样清涕;第三种症状就是鼻子总是觉得痒痒的,季节性的鼻炎还会伴有眼痒、咽痒还有耳朵痒等;另外还会有鼻塞、嗅觉减退等症状,如果合并变应性鼻窦炎的话还会出现头痛的症状。
目前市面上常见的治疗方法有:
西医疗法:
1.用孟鲁司特钠联合鼻渊通窍颗粒。(药物)
2.服用鼻康片并结合生理海水鼻喷雾剂。(药物)
3.手术疗法:分为两类手术,一种是改善鼻腔通气功能的手术,如下鼻甲成形术(下鼻甲部分切除,骨折外移,等离子射频消融)和鼻中隔矫正术;另一种是降低鼻黏膜高反应性的手术,如翼管神经切断和鼻后神经切断术,因可能产生较多并发症,采用者不多。(非药物)
中医疗法:以迎香、合谷、曲池、列缺、尺泽为主要穴位,并用迎香穴行捻转补泻法。(非药物)
我国变应性鼻炎患病率为4%—38%,已造成较大的疾病负担,因此推测产品的市场需求广。由于变应性鼻炎具有反复发作的发病特点,当前急需治疗变应性鼻炎的新方法。随着当下社会生活节奏的加快,方便携带使用且效果良好的药物产品的需求增大。目前市面上治疗变应性鼻炎的方法,多见于使用喷雾剂或粉末烟尘类的药物进行鼻腔内对应患处的治疗,以及通过服用药物治疗。大多数的治疗方法对于患者的鼻腔会产生较大的刺激,患者在使用后会出现打喷嚏,流鼻涕等现象,而且治疗周期较长。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种治疗变应性鼻炎的鼻腔润洗剂;本发明的第二个目的是针对现有技术的不足,提供如上所述鼻腔润洗剂应用,以解决上述背景技术提出的技术问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种治疗变应性鼻炎的鼻腔润洗剂,主要由以下重量份数的有效成分制作而成:荆芥8-12g,细辛2-5g,防风8-12g,辛夷10-15g,石膏8-13g,山药10-15g,白术10-15g,甘草10-20g,饴糖3-8g。
作为本发明的一个优选实施方案,治疗变应性鼻炎的鼻腔润洗剂,主要由以下重量份数的有效成分制作而成:荆芥10g,细辛3g,防风10g,辛夷12g,石膏10g,山药12g,白术12g,甘草15g,饴糖5g。
一种治疗变应性鼻炎的鼻腔润洗剂,鼻腔润洗剂制备方法如下:
(1)按照权利要求1或2所述的配比取原料,取荆芥,细辛,防风,辛夷,石膏,山药,白术,甘草,饴糖,用原料药总重量2倍的水浸泡60分钟;
(2)用大火煮煮到沸腾,然后再用小火煎煮60分钟,过滤收取煎煮液;
(3)然后用小火煎煮过滤得到的煎煮液直到将汤剂熬干,让汤剂逐渐成为浓稠状,即可制成鼻腔润洗剂。
一种治疗变应性鼻炎的鼻腔润洗剂在制备治疗变应性鼻炎的药物中的应用。
本发明原料中荆芥、防风、细辛、辛夷四味药为解表药,用以解表散邪、宣通鼻窍、改善气机,其中荆芥能透疹消疮、止血,而石膏能敛疮生肌,清热止血,二者相配能用来减轻鼻腔炎症和刺激性感觉,而细辛能温肺化饮,改善肺卫气机,使得患者呼吸能更加顺畅。而山药、白术、甘草、饴糖,这四味药用以缓中补虚,因为变应性鼻炎的患者往往都是长期久病,本身肺卫、脾胃的气机已经虚衰,难以运行于体内。这四味药中白术、山药归脾胃肺经,用以补充脾胃肺之气,使患者的气机重获运行之力,而甘草和饴糖则用以调和诸药。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明鼻腔润洗剂具有温和、方便、有效的优点,药性温和不刺激,使用方法简单快捷,类似于日常生活中的沐浴露、洗面奶。本发明鼻腔润洗剂虽然治疗的流程也较长,但是针对鼻腔内部粘膜的舒缓及治未病的效果显著。为快节奏生活的上班族、学生提供了方便,为年龄尚小的孩童提供了温柔和安全,对比其他鼻炎用药更加适应于大众生活;相对于市面上多见于使用喷雾剂或粉末烟尘类药物进行鼻腔内对应患处的治疗,本发明鼻腔润洗剂使用方法更偏向于稀释后润洗鼻腔,稀释后的冲剂对患者身体的刺激较小,不容易产生副作用;且患者的可接受程度较高,易于操作。
附图说明
图1为本发明对照组和造模豚鼠鼻部症状总评分比较水平柱状图;
图2为本发明各组豚鼠不同的治疗后鼻部症状总评分的改善比较水平柱状图;
图3为本发明豚鼠鼻粘膜组织嗜酸性细胞光镜图片;
图4为本发明各组豚鼠鼻腔肥大细胞光镜图片(HE×400);
图5为本发明各组豚鼠血清的IgE、组胺、TNF-α比较水平柱状图;
图中A表示组胺;B表示IgE;C表示TNF-α。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1治疗变应性鼻炎的鼻腔润洗剂
按照以下重量份数的有效成分取原料药:荆芥12g,细辛2g,防风8g,辛夷15g,石膏8g,山药10g,白术15g,甘草10g,饴糖3g。
实施例2治疗变应性鼻炎的鼻腔润洗剂
按照以下重量份数的有效成分取原料药:荆芥8g,细辛5g,防风12g,辛夷10g,石膏13g,山药15g,白术15g,甘草20g,饴糖8g。
实施例3治疗变应性鼻炎的鼻腔润洗剂的制备方法
(1)按照实施例1或实施例2所述的配比取原料,取荆芥,细辛,防风,辛夷,石膏,山药,白术,甘草,饴糖,用原料药总重量2倍的水浸泡60分钟;
(2)用大火煮煮到沸腾,然后再用小火煎煮60分钟,过滤收取煎煮液;
(3)然后用小火煎煮过滤得到的煎煮液直到将汤剂熬干,让汤剂逐渐成为浓稠状,即可制成鼻腔润洗剂。
实例例4:临床试验
1、实验材料
(1)采用动物:豚鼠饲养在SPF环境中,自由饮水和自由进食;
(2)仪器与试剂:
针对变应性鼻炎的本发明鼻腔润洗剂由我方研究人员提供。针对方中各味药的药理作用,分别采用提取挥发油、水提和醇提工艺,采用正交试验法筛选提取工艺条件。提取物室温干燥保存备用,实验时以生理盐水配成饱和溶液。
氢氧化铝(30mg/ml)混悬液,OVA(0.3mg/ml),染色湿盒,组胺ELISA试剂盒,TNFαELISA试剂盒,IgE ELISA试剂盒,常用试剂均为分析纯:甲苯胺蓝染液,氯化钠、氯化钾、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸二氢钾、氢氧化钠、无水乙醇、二甲苯、EDTA-2Na、中性树胶。
2、实验方法:
参考国内相关文献的方法(刘建国,杨政,刘月辉.变应性鼻炎大鼠模型建造[J].江西医学院学报,2008(5):33-34,37,99.)并加以改善,基础致敏:豚鼠随机分为正常对照组(10只)和模型组(30只)。模型组豚鼠以腹腔注射致敏,鼻部滴注激发,建立变应性鼻炎模型。将OVA 0.3mg、氢氧化铝30mg溶于0.9%氯化钠溶液1ml。在第1、3、5、7、9、11、13d,每只豚鼠腹腔注射1ml。然后采用OVA皮内注射法(小鼠背部皮内注射25ul的200ug/mlOVA无菌注射用水)鉴定豚鼠致敏是否成功(红斑和皮丘直径大于1.0mm为致敏成功)。加强免疫阶段:致敏成功的豚鼠休息7天后,从第21~27d,模型组豚鼠每天鼻内滴注无菌生理盐水稀释的OVA(每个鼻孔20μl,50mg/ml)。正常对照组豚鼠以0.9%氯化钠溶液注射及鼻内滴注,方法与次数同模型组。
3、分组与给药
将豚鼠随机分为四组:正常对照组、模型组、鼻腔润洗剂组、糠酸莫米松组,每组10只。局部末次给药后评价模型制备成功,开始药物干预。正常对照组和模型组以相同容量生理盐水滴鼻,鼻腔润洗剂组以鼻腔润洗剂饱和溶液用微量加样器鼻腔给药。阳性对照组以糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂(0.5μg/μl)用微量加样器鼻腔给药。
本发明鼻腔润洗剂,本实施例中选用荆芥10g,细辛3g,防风10g,辛夷12g,石膏10g,山药12g,白术12g,甘草15g,饴糖5g,水若干按比例混合,溶于0.9%氯化钠溶液,制成饱和溶液。微量加样器鼻腔给药。各组均用80μl滴鼻,2次/d,连续14d。豚鼠正常体温38.6(37.8~39.5)℃。给药前,中药保持在38.6(37.8~39.5)℃左右。
4、行为学评价
造模开始后观察豚鼠精神、皮毛、饮食情况、鼻部症状等,末次激发后,每只动物观察30min,根据挠鼻次数、喷嚏个数、流涕程度评分。鼻痒,轻擦鼻几次,1分;抓挠鼻、面不止,到处摩擦,2分;喷嚏,1~3个,1分;4~10个,2分;11个以上,3分;清涕,流至鼻前孔,1分;超过鼻前孔,2分;流涕满面,3分。各症状记分叠加,总分大于5分提示造模成功。
5、动物处理及标本采集
各组动物均于末次激发后24h取材,称重,按60mg/kg计量换算用戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射麻醉。股动脉取血,收集血清,ELISA(组胺ELISA试剂盒,TNFαELISA试剂盒,IgE ELISA试剂盒)检测血清中组胺、TNF-α、IgE水平。
断头处死豚鼠迅速打开鼻背,暴露鼻中隔及两侧鼻腔。将鼻中隔中段剪下,剥离双侧黏膜。一侧黏膜放入4%甲醛溶液中固定,石蜡切片,H&E染色,光镜下观察鼻黏膜组织形态学,在高倍显微镜下观察嗜酸性粒细胞。另一侧黏膜放入4%甲醛溶液中固定,甲苯胺蓝染色,在高倍显微镜下观察肥大细胞并在400x视野下,选取不同的10个镜下视野行肥大细胞计数,并取其均值。
6、统计学方法
7、实验结果
(1)豚鼠行为学评价
末次激发后观察30min,模型组30只小鼠的挠鼻、喷嚏及流涕总积分均大于5分,正常对照组差异有统计学意义,证明豚鼠AR模型制备成功(参见图1)。参见图2所示,经过14天的治疗后,鼻腔润洗剂组及糠酸莫米松组总评分较模型对照组明显减少(P<0.0001=,但两治疗组之间的鼻炎症状评分改善情况没有统计学差异(P=0.313))
(2)豚鼠鼻腔嗜酸粒细胞
参见图3所示,对各组豚鼠的鼻腔进行H&E染色,观察鼻黏膜组织形态学,在高倍显微镜下可见:相对于对照组,OVA模型组豚鼠鼻腔中嗜酸性细胞的数量显著增加(图中箭头所示)。说明豚鼠变应性鼻炎模型成功建立。与模型组相比,鼻腔润洗剂组和糠酸莫米松组的鼻分泌物中嗜酸性细胞的数量显著减少。
(3)豚鼠鼻腔肥大细胞
模型对照组肥大细胞数量较正常对照组有显著升高,较模型对照组有显著下降,其中鼻腔润洗剂组与糠酸莫米松组无统计学差异,其余各组差异具有统计学意义。400倍视野下肥大细胞计数,模型组的每高倍视野下肥大细胞个数为62.33±11.530,明显高于对照组(6.40±2.947,P<0.05)。鼻腔润洗剂组与糠酸莫米松组肥大细胞计数分别为23.13±4.838和19±5.182,显著低于模型(P<0.05)见表1。模型组的肥大细胞数量明显高于对照组,而鼻腔润洗剂组与糠酸莫米松组则较低,参见图4所示箭头表示肥大细胞;
表1各组肥大细胞数量统计结果
组别 | 肥大细胞计数(个) |
正常对照组 | 6.40±2.947 |
模型对照组 | 62.33±11.530** |
鼻腔润洗剂组 | 23.13±4.838## |
糠酸莫米松组 | 19±5.182## |
表1中数据分析采用单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)中的LSD法(最小显著性法),与正常对照组比较**表示P<0.05;与模型对照组比较##表示P<0.05。
(4)血清IgE、组胺、TNF-α
模型组的血清OVA特异性IgE水平显著高于对照组。鼻腔润洗剂组及糠酸莫米松组均较模型组下降,(参见图5中A所示,P均<0.0001),模型组中的组胺水平明显高于对照组(19.79±1.295vs 5.854±0.270,P<0.0001),与症状评分和IgE水平的趋势一致。鼻腔润洗剂组与糠酸莫米松组的组胺水平明显低于模型组(均值分别为-7.812±1.458和-7.361±1.461),但两者之间的组胺水平无显著差异(P=0.641,参见图5中B所示)。各组豚鼠血清TNF-α含量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),模型组含量较正常对照组明显升高(P<0.05),鼻腔润洗剂组及糠酸莫米松组含量均较模型对照组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),鼻腔润洗剂组及糠酸莫米松组差异无统计学意义(参见图5中C所示)。
本发明药物具有疏风清热、开窍醒鼻的功效,临床疗效显著,制备成鼻腔润洗剂状,能够较长时间与作用部位紧密粘附,药物作用时间延长,并有较好的生物相容性,使用舒适;使用时,将鼻腔润洗剂直接投到鼻粘膜上,可把全身作用降到最小,药物集中到鼻部而产生最佳疗效。上述药效试验表明,本发明鼻腔润洗剂通过降低豚鼠血IgE浓度,抑制炎性介质的释放,减少炎症细胞在鼻粘膜的聚集,从而减轻鼻道的变态反应。
尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种治疗变应性鼻炎的鼻腔润洗剂,其特征在于:主要由以下重量份数的有效成分制作而成:荆芥8-12g,细辛2-5g,防风8-12g,辛夷10-15g,石膏8-13g,山药10-15g,白术10-15g,甘草10-20g,饴糖3-8g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗变应性鼻炎的鼻腔润洗剂,其特征在于:主要由以下重量份数的有效成分制作而成:荆芥10g,细辛3g,防风10g,辛夷12g,石膏10g,山药12g,白术12g,甘草15g,饴糖5g。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种治疗变应性鼻炎的鼻腔润洗剂,其特征在于:鼻腔润洗剂制备方法如下:
(1)按照权利要求1或2所述的配比取原料,取荆芥,细辛,防风,辛夷,石膏,山药,白术,甘草,饴糖,用原料药总重量2倍的水浸泡60分钟;
(2)用大火煮煮到沸腾,然后再用小火煎煮60分钟,过滤收取煎煮液;
(3)然后用小火煎煮过滤得到的煎煮液直到将汤剂熬干,让汤剂逐渐成为浓稠状,即可制成鼻腔润洗剂。
4.权利要求1或2所述的一种治疗变应性鼻炎的鼻腔润洗剂在制备治疗变应性鼻炎的药物中的应用。
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