CN107441317A - 一种用于特禀体质过敏性鼻炎治疗的中药方剂 - Google Patents
一种用于特禀体质过敏性鼻炎治疗的中药方剂 Download PDFInfo
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Landscapes
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- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于特禀体质过敏性鼻炎治疗的中药方剂。其组方由以下重量份的中药制成:乌梅、苏叶、白芷、薄荷、鱼腥草、桑叶、百合、桔梗。本中药经过科学组方,并经实验研究及多年的临床使用验证疗效。其对属特禀体质的过敏性鼻炎有很好的疗效,能有效改善特禀质过敏性鼻炎患者的临床症状。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药领域,为一种治疗特禀体质过敏性鼻炎的中药方剂。
背景技术
变应性鼻炎(allergic rhintis)过敏性鼻炎又称变应性鼻炎(allergicrhintis),可广泛发生于儿童和成年人,近年来发病率有升高趋热。它是人体对某些过敏原敏感性增高而引起鼻黏膜水肿、黏膜腺增生和上皮嗜酸性细胞浸润为主的一种变态反应性疾病。
变应性鼻炎的主要致敏物有:
(一)吸入性变应原:如空气中的尘埃、尘螨、真菌、动物皮毛、羽毛、棉花絮等,多引起常年性发作;植物花粉引起者多为季节性发作。
(二)食物性变应原:如鱼虾、鸡蛋、牛奶、面粉、花生、大豆等。特别是某些药品,如磺胺类药物、奎宁、抗生素等均可致病。
(三)接触物如化妆品、汽油、油漆、酒精等。
其他可能是某些细菌及其毒素,物理因素(如冷热变化,温度不调),内分泌失调或体液酸碱平衡失调等病因均可致病。也可由于多种因素同时或先后存在。
临床症状主要表现为阵发性喷嚏,清水样鼻涕,鼻塞和鼻痒,部分伴有嗅觉减退。症状可因与刺激因素接触的时间、数量以及患者的机体反应状况不同而各异。常年性变应性鼻炎,随时可发作,时轻时重,或每晨起床时发作后而逐渐减轻。一般在冬季容易发病,常同全身其他变应性疾病并存。季节性变应性鼻炎,呈季节发作,多在春、秋季发病,迅速出现症状,发病时间可为数小时、数天至数周不等,发作间歇期完全正常。过敏性鼻炎常突然和反复发作,迁延不愈,会显著影响患者的生活质量,而且能诱发过敏性哮喘、鼻窦炎、中耳炎等较严重疾病。据统计,变应性鼻炎约占全部鼻炎的40%。临床上一般分为常年性(perennial)和季节性(seasonal)两型。另有一型由非特异性的刺激所诱发、无特异性变应原参加、不是免疫反应过程,但临床表现与上述两型变应性鼻炎相似,称血管运动性鼻炎(vasomotor rhinitis)或称神经反射性鼻炎,刺激可来自体外(物理、化学方面),或来自体内(内分泌、精神方面),故有人看作即是变应性鼻炎,但因在机体内不存在抗原-抗体反应,所以脱敏疗法、激素或免疫疗法均无效。
西医对过敏性鼻炎的治疗方法有:
1.非特异性治疗
(1)抗组织胺药物:用以阻滞变态反应中组织胺释放所致的某些反应。此类药物多引起嗜睡,日间少用,夜间可加大剂量。常用盐酸异丙嗪、朴尔敏等。
(2)激素类药物:激素可增高组织胺酶,借以中和组织胺,减少局部组织胺的产生,常用强的松片10mg,每日3次。二丙酸氯地米松效果也佳。
(3)局部用药:2%色甘酸纳液滴鼻,每日3~4次。
2.特异性脱敏治疗:针对皮肤试验阳性反应,采用逐渐增量的脱敏治疗。
3.手术治疗:目前认为变态反应性鼻炎都是由致敏原引起的变态反应,局部交感神经与副交感神经功能紊乱,引起临床一系列症状及体征。因此,采用手术切除岩浅大神经、翼管神经和筛前神经的办法治疗本病,收到良好效果。岩浅大神经切断术,效果好,但要开颅,患者难以接受。翼管神经切断术,操作较难,有一定并发症,远期疗效尚不肯定。筛前神经切断术,操作简便,效果良好,鼻内法门诊即可完成,是目前较理想的手术方法。
4.其它治疗方法:冷冻、激光、穴位或鼻甲注射也有一定疗效。
变态反应性鼻炎的治疗还是一个比较困难的问题。非特异性治疗,只能起到暂时缓解症状的作用,药物长期使用或慢性病例多不见效。脱敏治疗,受条件限制,尚不能全都找出过敏原,而且疗程长,患者常不能坚持治疗。筛前神经切断术,疗效肯定,是目前治疗变态反应性鼻炎的较理想的手术治疗方法。总之,应根据条件,采取综合治疗措施是适宜的。
由于人的鼻窦的独特构造,加上鼻窦鼻腔相连,各窦口相邻,这些都不利于炎性物质的引流,使得各鼻窦之间相互感染而反复发病。另外组织瘀血、水肿、增厚、血管增生、淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润、上皮纤毛脱落等一系列难以逆转的病理改变现象,增加了本病的难治性及复发性。更甚者,由于鼻腔和鼻窦位于颅脑下面,居于咽喉与口腔上方,鼻腔和鼻窦病变常向附近组织蔓延,因而会引起各种各样的并发症。若延及颅脑,严重的可造成死亡,对咽喉与眼眶的渗透,也会引起各种病变,尤其对儿童来说,并发症将会影响身体和智力的发育。因此,鼻后滴流综合征的预防与治疗至关重要,是不可忽视的,如何能够快捷有效的治愈鼻后滴流综合征显得尤为重要。
中医有鼻鼽一证,症状和过敏性鼻炎很相似,以阵发性鼻奇痒、喷嚏频作、大量清水涕为特点,伴有鼻塞、目痒等。中医认为脾为气血生化之源,脾气虚弱,气血生化无源,则肺气也虚,鼻失濡养;脾气虚弱,运化失司,津液敷布影响,不能通调水道,水湿上犯鼻窍。肺主一身之皮毛,肺气虚寒,卫表不固,腠理疏松,则风寒异气乘虚而入,循经上犯鼻窍。肾为气之根,肾虚,肾不纳气,耗散于外,上越鼻窍;肾阳不足,摄纳无权,水湿上犯,可使清涕连连。因此鼻鼽一证,主要责之于肺、脾、肾三脏功能失调。
肺开窍于鼻,外合皮毛,主持一身之气,肺气不足,表卫不固,腠理疏松,风气乘虚而入,鼻窍为之不利。故鼻鼽当重在益肺气、固表卫,肺气得充,腠理致密,风邪不得侵入,则鼻鼽不会发作。
肺朝百脉,肺与血液循环有关。在临床上,有的病人病情反复发作,病程日久,鼻塞日重,检查可见鼻粘膜淡紫或暗紫,肿胀明显,舌质偏暗,舌下脉迂曲,可温经活血通窍;也有的病人头胀、头痛,检查发现鼻粘膜充血明显,可用适当的凉血泻火之剂。
由于过敏性鼻炎是一种变态反应性疾病,因此一般的对症治疗,会暂时性改善症状,呈现时发时止,反复发作。手术治疗,有一定的顺应性。对于不愿手术患者,本病严重影响患者的生活质量。
本发明结合已有的中西医研究认为,同样的环境,有些人容易过敏,有些人不过敏,这和各自的体质有关。过敏性鼻炎患者,多是过敏体质。这是此病发作的根本因素。在过敏体质内,湿热互结,蕴而化火,或伏热蕴肺,复感外邪,外邪引动肺中伏热,热气灼肺,肺失通调水道,津液凝聚为清涕,外流于鼻窍所致。本发明结合了中医体质学理论。体质是人体在遗传性和获得性的基础上表现出来的功能和形态上相对稳定的固有特性,但同时体质也是可调的。中医体质学说时里的体病相关理论就讲到可通过对体质的调理和干预来达到治疗相关疾病的目的。从中医体质学来看,过敏性鼻炎患者并不一定都是特禀体质,属特禀体质的人也并非都会患上过敏性鼻炎。但特禀体质是过敏性鼻炎的高发人群,特禀体质的人发生过敏性鼻炎的机率要远高于常人,因此,通过调理特禀体质,来治疗过敏性鼻炎,切实可行,发明人据此发明出的本发明方剂在临床上治疗过敏性鼻炎取得了很好的疗效。
发明内容
本项发明提供了一种用于治疗特禀体质过敏性鼻炎的中药方剂,是发明人经多年临床治疗过敏性鼻炎经验的总结,针对特禀体质,从调节特禀体质入手,并专程针对于特禀体质人群的口感进行组方设计以增强其服用的依从性。疗效确切,使用安全,特别适合中药新药及食品开发。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药方剂,其特征是由以下重量份的中药制成:
乌梅10~20份,苏叶5~15份,白芷10~20份,薄荷10~20份,鱼腥草10~20份,桑叶10~20份,百合10~20份,桔梗3~10份。
作为优选项:
所述中药原料重量份构成如下:乌梅12~18份,苏叶6~12份,白芷12~18份,薄荷12~18份,鱼腥草12~18份,桑叶12~18份,百合12~18份,桔梗5~10份。
再优选所所述中药原料重量份构成为:乌梅15份,苏叶9份,白芷15份,薄荷15份,鱼腥草15份,桑叶15份,百合15份,桔梗6份。
本发明所述中药方剂的功能主治为:脱敏散邪,清肺养阴,宣通鼻窍。用于治疗素体为特禀体质,而伏热蕴肺,外邪诱发,鼻窍不利所致的变应性鼻炎,主要表现为遇到冷空气或尘螨、花粉等而引发的连续喷嚏、鼻痒、鼻塞、流涕等。其组方方解即作用机理为:
变应性鼻炎是过敏体质机体接触过敏原后主要由IgE介导的鼻黏膜非感染性炎性疾病。临床症状主要为喷嚏、清水样涕、鼻塞、鼻痒等症状。变应性鼻炎相当于中医的“鼻鼽”等病名。中医认为,本病主要病机是素体为过敏体质,伏热蕴肺,复感外邪,外邪引动肺中伏热,热气灼肺,肺失通调水道,津液凝聚为清涕,外流于鼻窍所致。
本方根据变应性鼻炎的主要病机-过敏体质,伏热蕴肺,外邪诱发,鼻窍不利进行组方。药物分为三组:一组为改善过敏体质药物;一组为宣通鼻窍药物;一组为养阴清肺药物。方用乌梅、苏叶、百合改善过敏体质;白芷、薄荷祛风解表,宣通鼻窍,给邪以出路;鱼腥草清泄肺热,桑叶清肺润燥,百合养阴润肺;桔梗一则开肺气,肺朝百脉,肺气行则百脉通畅;二则为“舟楫之剂”,能载药上行,直达病所。故为佐使药。诸药合用,共奏脱敏散邪,清肺养阴,宣通鼻窍之功。
组方中各配伍中药的药理作用阐述如下:
乌梅:为蔷薇科落叶乔木植物梅Prunus mume(Sieh.)Sieb.et Zucc.的未成熟果实。酸,涩,平。归肝,脾,肺,大肠经。功能敛肺止咳、涩肠止泻、生津止渴、安蛔。乌梅含柠檬酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸、碳水化合物、谷甾醇、蜡样物质及齐墩果酸样物质。有强杀菌性及提高肝脏功能的成分苦味酸及具有热镇痛作用的苦扁桃甙,果肉中尚含有较高活性的超氧化物歧化酶。临床常用于用于肺虚久咳,久痢滑肠,虚热消渴,蛔厥呕吐腹痛;胆道蛔虫症。
苏叶:为唇形科植物紫苏Perilla frutescens(L.)Britt的干燥叶(或带嫩枝)。夏季枝叶茂盛时采收,除去杂质,晒干。辛,温。归肺、脾经。具有解表散寒,行气和胃的功效。临床常用于风寒感冒,咳嗽呕恶,妊娠呕吐,鱼蟹中毒等。现代研究主要有效成分为挥发油。
白芷:为伞型科植物白芷Angelica dahurica(Fisch.ex Hoffm.)Benth.etHook.f.或杭白芷Angelica dahurica(Fisch.ex Hoffm.)Benth.etHook.f.var.formosana(Boiss.)Shan et Yuan的干燥根。味辛,性温。归胃、大肠、肺经。功能散风除湿,通窍止痛,消肿排脓。含异欧前胡素、欧前胡素、佛手柑内酯、珊瑚菜素、氧化前胡素等。具有解热镇痛,解痉,降压,抗菌抗炎等作用。临床常用于感冒头痛,眉棱骨痛,鼻塞,鼻渊,牙痛,白带,疮疡肿痛等。
薄荷:为唇形科薄荷属植物薄荷Mentha haplocalyx Briq.的干燥地上部分。味辛,性凉。归肺、肝经。功能宣散风热。清头目,透疹。挥发油主要味薄荷醇,薄荷酮,还含乙酸薄荷酯、莰烯、柠檬烯、异薄荷酮、蒎烯、薄荷烯酮、树脂等。薄荷醇局部应用可治头痛、神经痛、瘙痒等。用于风热感冒,风温初起,头痛,目赤,喉痹,口疮,风疹,麻疹,胸胁胀闷。
鱼腥草:本品为三白草科植物蕺菜Houttuynia cordata Thunb.的干燥地上部分。味辛微寒,归肺经。具有清热解毒,消痈排脓,利尿通淋的功效。临床用于肺痈吐脓,痰热喘咳,热痢,热淋,痈肿疮毒等。现代研究主要成分有挥发油类,油中主要为甲基壬酮、鱼腥草素、桂叶烯、辛酸、癸酸;另含槲皮甙、异槲皮甙、金丝桃甙、芸香甙、氯化钾、硫酸钾、蕺菜碱等。药理证实有抗菌抗病毒、利尿止血等作用。
桑叶为为桑科植物桑Morus alba L.的干燥叶。初霜后采收,除去杂质,晒干。味甘、苦,性寒。归肺、肝经。具有疏散风热,清肺润燥,清肝明目之功。用于风热感冒,肺热燥咳,头晕头痛,目赤昏花。含芸香甙、槲皮素、异槲皮甙、槲皮素-3-三葡糖甙、微量的β-谷甾醇,和菜油甾醇、β-D-葡糖甙、蛇麻脂醇、内消旋肌醇、昆虫变态激素牛膝甾酮和蜕皮甾酮、溶血素、绿原酸。另有挥发油,其中有乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸、己酸、异己酸、水杨酸甲酯、愈创木酚、酚、邻苯甲酚、间苯甲酚、丁香油酚等,又含草酸、延胡索酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、棕榈酸、棕榈酸乙酯、三十一烷、羟基香豆精、蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖、天门冬氨基酸和谷氨酸等氨基酸,以及维生素C,谷胱甘肽,叶酸,5-甲酰四氢叶酸,维生素B1,维生素B2,腺嘌呤、胆碱、胡芦巴碱,以及铜、锌、硼35、锰等微量元素具有一定的抑菌、降糖作用,和对肠平滑肌抑制作用、兴奋动情期子宫平滑肌等。蜜桑叶:净桑叶加入炼熟的蜂蜜与少许开水,拌匀稍闷,炒至不粘手,取出晾凉(每100斤用炼熟蜂蜜20斤)。
百合:为百合科植物百合、细叶百合、麝香百合及其同属多种植物鳞茎的鳞叶。味甘、微苦,性平。入心、肺经。具有润肺止咳、清心安神的功效。临床主治肺痨久嗽、咳唾痰血、热病后余热未清、虚烦惊悸、神志恍惚、脚气浮肿等。现代研究主要成分有秋水仙碱等多种生物碱及淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪、双磷脂酰甘油和磷脂肪酸等。药理证实具有止咳、祛痰、平喘、升高外周白细胞及抗过敏作用。
桔梗:为桔梗科植物桔梗Platycodon grandiflorum(Jacq.)A.DC.的干燥根。苦、辛,性平。归肺经。功能宣肺,利咽,祛痰,排脓。皂甙,已知其成分有远志酸,桔梗皂甙元及葡萄糖,菠菜甾醇、α-菠菜甾莳-β-D-葡萄糖甙、7-豆甾烯醇、白桦脂醇,并含菊糖、桔梗聚糖以及三萜烯类物质:桔梗酸A、B、及C等。药理实验证实有祛痰、降血糖、抗溃疡、抗炎等作用。临床常用于咳嗽痰多,胸闷不畅,咽痛,音哑,肺痈吐脓,疮疡脓成不溃。
临床研究
经的临床100例病例统计分析,使用本发明方剂为基本方加减治疗变应性鼻炎,服药1~2个月,患者鼻炎症状积分明显下降,按中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志编辑委员会-中华医学会耳鼻咽喉科分会公布的《变应性鼻炎的诊治原则和推荐方案》(2004年,兰州)中根据症状和体征记分评定疗效的方法统计,显效率达75%,有效率达100%。所有病例未见不良反应。
典型临床病例
病例1:
李某,男,25岁。2012年5月就诊。主诉:变应性鼻炎反复发作近20年,近期加重。现病史:患者自6岁开始经常不定时因鼻部发痒突发喷嚏,一次连续打10余个,伴有鼻流清涕,严重时伴有眼痒、流泪,自觉与吸入冷空气有关。饮食、睡眠、二便正常,口干口渴,面部有痤疮。舌尖红,苔薄黄有剥苔,脉细数。经中医体质辨识判定为特禀体质。中医诊断:鼻鼽。西医诊断:过敏性鼻炎。服用本发明方剂2月,鼻炎完全得到控制,鼻炎症状积分由12分降为0分。随访2年未复发。
病例2:
胡某,男,36岁。2012年9月就诊。主诉:过敏性鼻炎20年,近期加重。现病史:患者诉遇到冷空气、大风时出现鼻中不适,喷嚏频作,流清涕,鼻腔干伴严重热感,晨起喷嚏频作,连续10个以上,自觉肺中热,遇异味及气温变化病情加重。舌紫胖边有齿痕,苔薄黄,脉弦滑。中医体质辨识判定为特禀体质。中医诊断:鼻鼽。西医诊断:过敏性鼻炎。以本发明方治疗1月后症状明显减轻,鼻炎症状积分由12分降为4分。继以本发明方为基础随症加减治疗3月后,变应性鼻炎得到控制,鼻炎症状积分降为0分。随访2年,过敏性鼻炎未再发作。
综上所述本发明所述方剂对特禀体质过敏鼻炎治疗安全有效,组方精炼,非常适合开发成中药制剂及食品。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1
称取乌梅15份,苏叶9份,白芷15份,薄荷15份,鱼腥草15份,桑叶15份,百合15份,桔梗6份。
制备步骤:
将所称取的各味中药,按传统工艺煎成汤剂或按常规的中成药制剂工艺加工成中国药典中所定义的片剂、丸剂、胶囊、颗粒剂、散剂或口服液等临床主要中成药制剂或依照常规食品加工工艺制成食品。为调和口感,可以加适量的甜味剂,比如三氯蔗糖、甜蜜素、安赛蜜、甜菊糖苷、罗汉果甜素等,也可加入适量的酸味剂,比如苹果酸、柠檬酸等进行纠味。
实施例2
称取肉桂乌梅20份,苏叶15份,白芷10份,薄荷10份,鱼腥草10份,桑叶10份,百合20份,桔梗10份。
制备步骤同实施例1。
实施例3
称取肉桂乌梅10份,苏叶5份,白芷20份,薄荷20份,鱼腥草20份,桑叶20份,百合10份,桔梗3份。
制备步骤同实施例1。
实施例4
称取肉桂乌梅18份,苏叶6份,白芷15份,薄荷12份,鱼腥草18份,桑叶12份,百合15份,桔梗5份。
制备步骤同实施例1。
实施例5
称取肉桂乌梅12份,苏叶12份,白芷12份,薄荷18份,鱼腥草12份,桑叶18份,百合15份,桔梗6份。
制备步骤同实施例1。
实施例6
称取肉桂乌梅15份,苏叶9份,白芷18份,薄荷10份,鱼腥草10份,桑叶15份,百合12份,桔梗9份。
制备步骤同实施例1。
实施例7
称取肉桂乌梅10份,苏叶9份,白芷10份,薄荷15份,鱼腥草15份,桑叶12份,百合18份,桔梗10份。
制备步骤同实施例1。
实施例8
称取肉桂乌梅18份,苏叶10份,白芷12份,薄荷12份,鱼腥草18份,桑叶10份,百合12份,桔梗9份。
制备步骤同实施例1。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明如何实施所作的举例说明,而非本发明的保护范围,所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做的各种修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,只要不偏离发明的结构或超越本权利要求书所定义的范围,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于特禀体质过敏性鼻炎治疗的中药方剂,其特征是由以下重量份的中药制成:
乌梅10~20份,苏叶5~15份,白芷10~20份,薄荷10~20份,鱼腥草10~20份,桑叶10~20份,百合10~20份,桔梗3~10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于特禀体质过敏性鼻炎治疗的中药方剂,其特征是由以下重量份的中药制成:
乌梅12~18份,苏叶6~12份,白芷12~18份,薄荷12~18份,鱼腥草12~18份,桑叶12~18份,百合12~18份,桔梗5~10份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于特禀体质过敏性鼻炎治疗的中药方剂,其特征是由以下重量份的中药制成:
乌梅15份,苏叶9份,白芷15份,薄荷15份,鱼腥草15份,桑叶15份,百合15份,桔梗6份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于特禀体质过敏性鼻炎治疗的中药方剂在在制备药品及食品主要制剂中的应用。
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