CN104069474A - 一种治疗脂溢性脱发的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及治疗脂溢性脱发的中药组合物,其特征在于其将炙甘草汤、《医宗金鉴》胃疸汤合方加入制首乌、墨旱莲、侧柏叶、楮实子、乌梅、桑白皮、地骨皮、牡丹皮、赤芍、凌霄花、威灵仙、石菖蒲、藁本、补骨脂、附子、生龙骨、生牡蛎、龟甲、黄柏、砂仁等42药组成。本发明是多年临床经验的总结,从谷疸湿热、气阴两虚、阴虚阳亢等方面论治该病,符合脂溢性脱发的上实下虚、阴阳失调的病因病机,临床疗效显著。本发明药物经过多年研究,临床治疗效果明显,治愈率为66.1%,总有效率为96.4%,服用本发明的复方组合药物后患者头发油腻明显改善,脱发很快停止,疗效明显优于对照组,具有疗效好、疗程短、疗效彻底、无副作用等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种中药组合物,特别是涉及一种治疗脂溢性脱发的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
现代生活由于节奏紧张、工作压力与疲惫;饮食结构和生活习惯改变等多种因素的影响,各种类型的脱发疾患呈高发、早发态势,严重困扰着人们的正常生活和生活。脱发的原因主要有两种:一是脂溢性脱发,占全部脱发病人的71%左右;二是神经性脱发,约占脱发患者的28%,其他原因引起的脱发仅占1%上下。脂溢性脱发,又称男性型秃发、雄性激素性秃发、弥散性秃发,是青春期后额、颞、顶部进展缓慢的秃发,男女均可发生,但以男性患者更为常见。脂溢性脱发,多见于青壮年男性,头皮往往油腻发亮或有大量头屑,呈灰白色糠秕状,头发干燥缺乏光泽,自觉瘙痒,时日长久前额两侧及头顶部头发开始对称脱落,疏稀变细,患部由于毛囊萎缩,常致永久性脱发。根据临床所见及有关报道,本病有日益增多趋势,属中医之“发蛀脱发”、“蛀发癣”等范畴。所谓“发蛀”,是形容毛囊根部如同被虫蛀之后而引起的脱发。目前市面上的各种防脱发或生发产品对于产后脱发、斑秃、放化疗脱发、感染性脱发等这类暂时性脱发有一定的生发效果。但对于脂溢性脱发这类被医学上成为“永久性脱发”的病患基本没有生发效果,目前上市的中成药对脂溢性脱发效果不好,致使很多脂溢性脱发患者放弃进行治疗。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种效果明显、治愈率、有效率高的治疗脂溢性脱发的中药组合物及其制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种治疗脂溢性脱发的中药组合物,其特征在于由以下重量份的药物组成:茵陈10-30份、茯苓10-30份、白术10-30份、泽泻20-40份、猪苓15-30份、车前草15-30份、黄连5-20份、栀子10-30份、防己6-20份、陈皮8-30份、苍术15-30份、葛根20-50份、秦艽10-30份、桂枝10-20份、胡麻仁10-30份、人参10-20份、阿胶10-30份、生地20-50份、炙甘草10-40份、生姜10-20份、大枣10-20份、麦门冬15-30份、赤芍20-50份、附子10-30份、生龙骨10-30份、生牡蛎10-30份、龟甲15-30份、黄柏10-20份、砂仁6-20份、凌霄花10-25份、藁本10-20份、制首乌20-50份、丹皮10-25份、侧柏叶20-35份、地骨皮20-35份、桑白皮15-30份、补骨脂15-30份、墨旱莲15-30份、乌梅10-20份、威灵仙10-30份、石菖蒲8-20份、楮实子15-30份。
优选的,所述的治疗脂溢性脱发的中药组合物,其特征在于由以下重量份的药物组成:茵陈15-20份、茯苓15-20份、白术15-20份、泽泻25-30份、猪苓20-25份、车前草20-25份、黄连10-15份、栀子15-20份、防己10-15份、陈皮10-15份、苍术20-25份、葛根30-40份、秦艽20-25份、桂枝10-15份、胡麻仁15-20份、人参10-15份、阿胶10-20份、生地30-40份、炙甘草20-30份、生姜10-15份、大枣10-15份、麦门冬20-25份、赤芍30-40份、附子15-25份、生龙骨20-30份、生牡蛎20-30份、龟甲20-25份、黄柏10-15份、砂仁10-15份、凌霄花15-20份、藁本10-15份、制首乌30-40份、丹皮15-20份、侧柏叶25-30份、地骨皮25-30份、桑白皮20-25份、补骨脂20-25份、墨旱莲20-25份、乌梅10-15份、威灵仙15-20份、石菖蒲10-15份、楮实子20-25份。
优选的,所述的用于治疗脂溢性脱发的中药组合物,其特征在于:所述中药组合物的剂型为汤剂、颗粒剂或丸剂。
更进一步的,一种制备所述的治疗脂溢性脱发的的中药颗粒剂的方法,其特征在于其制备步骤为:按重量份数称取上述药物,加8-12倍水煎煮两次,每次0.5-1小时,合并煎液,减压浓缩至相对密度为1.20~1.25(50℃热测),加乙醇至含醇量为65~70%,静置12~24h,取上清液,回收乙醇至无醇味并继续浓缩至稠膏,真空干燥,粉碎,加淀粉、糊精和蔗糖,制粒,整粒,包装,即得颗粒剂。
脂溢性脱发属中医学发蛀脱发范畴。其病变在毛发,病位在脏腑。脂溢性脱发是皮肤科难治疾病之一,历代医家对脱发病的病因病机的认识经历了一个由虚到实的过程。早期医家认为肾、脾(胃)虚弱与脱发有关,近代医家认为虚、实(湿、热、瘀)夹杂为其病机关键。脱发的发生主要与遗传因素、内分泌因素以及精神紧张、用脑过度、熬夜失眠、饮食不节等有关。脂溢性脱发中医多责之于肝肾两虚、血虚风燥、湿热内蕴、瘀阻经脉等病因,但发失濡养为其共同病机。在治疗上,主要分为两类,虚者补之、实者泻之是其大的原则。
临床上实际上有相当多的患者并不是纯粹的虚证,尤其是年轻的脂溢性脱发者,这类病人不能用一味滋补的方法,此类病人并不缺乏营养,而是营养过剩,塞阻毛囊,造成脱发。观此类患者大多头皮油渍较多,一摸满手指都是油,头发油黑锃亮,舌红苔腻,脉象滑实,能吃能喝,荤腥不忌,精力旺盛,多因饮食不节,过食肥甘厚味、辛辣酒类等,至使脾失运化,湿热内生,上蒸颠顶而致头发油腻而脱落;血热风动,风动则发落。现代人生活、工作压力大,容易长时间处于紧张、忧虑当中。从中医角度看,早期多以脾胃湿热、血热风燥多见,病久则会呈现肝肾不足之象。压力及思虑会致脾气亏虚、肝气郁结,气机不畅,气滞血瘀,或久病入络,瘀阻毛窍而脱落;气郁日久伤阴,经常熬夜加班,或者交际应酬亦会耗气伤阴,日久肝肾精血不足,肝血虚,肾水亏,冲任失调,发失濡养而脱落。脾胃湿热型患者固然有邪实的一面,但若肾精充足、坚固,发也不致于脱落,故此类患者多为虚实夹杂或本虚标实证。所以湿热瘀阻,气阴耗伤,阴损及阳是发蛀脱发的主要病理基础。治疗上当清热利湿以降上之火-敛上焦,疏肝健脾-疏中焦,滋阴潜阳以升下之水-培下焦,使之湿从下走,阴血上充,阴阳调和,皮毛腠理密固,标本兼顾。
炙甘草汤出自《伤寒论》,组成:炙甘草四两、生姜三两、桂枝三两、人参二两、干地黄一斤、阿胶二两、麦门冬半升、麻仁半升、 大枣三十枚掰。功用:益气滋阴,通阳复脉,养血定悸。炙甘草汤主要功效有以下四点:1、补阴为主的功效,清代田宗汉《医寄优阴论》也认为本方是“滋阴之祖方”。2、补血为主的功效,以清代唐容川为代表的一派医家认为炙甘草汤是“补血之大剂”。3、气血双补的功效和作用,以《注解伤寒论》为代表,认为炙甘草汤的功效当为气血双补,“益虚补血气而复脉”。4、阴阳并调,清代医家尤在泾《伤寒贯珠集》指出炙甘草汤是“扩建中之制,为阴阳并调之法”。
《医宗金鉴》胃疸汤,来源:《医宗金鉴》卷四十二。组成:茵陈,苍术,陈皮,白术,茯苓,猪苓,泽泻,黄连,栀子,防己,葛根,秦艽。主治:谷疸。谷疸的病因病机主要是饮食不节加之劳倦内伤,脾胃虚弱,或外感湿热或寒湿之邪影响脾胃的功能波及血分而成。从临床观察来看,谷疸患者大多数存在头面皮肤出油的症状,有相当于患者本身就是脂溢性脱发患者,本发明将《医宗金鉴》胃疸汤加入用于治疗脂溢性脱发的患者,取得了意想不到的效果,患者往往在服药一周左右,头面皮肤出油现象就可以停止。
根据脂溢性脱发患者湿热痰瘀互阻、本虚标实病机特点,本发明将炙甘草汤、《医宗金鉴》胃疸汤合方加味用于脂溢性脱发的治疗,取得了意想不到的效果。本发明的《医宗金鉴》胃疸汤可清热利湿、健运脾胃、除脂降油治疗内蕴之湿热,炙甘草汤可益气滋阴以养血补脾,加入制首乌、墨旱莲、侧柏叶、楮实子养血祛风、滋养肝肾以助生发,加入乌梅、桑白皮、地骨皮敛肺降火,配牡丹皮、赤芍、凌霄花、威灵仙、石菖蒲、藁本祛瘀凉血、祛风除湿,以补骨脂、附子、生龙骨、生牡蛎、龟甲、黄柏、砂仁滋阴潜阳,清降相火,通阴助阳,诸药合用使之湿从下走,阴血上充,阴阳调和,皮毛腠理密固,标本兼顾,共奏滋阴敛火潜阳、益气养血祛风、清热凉血祛瘀、除湿止痒生发之功。
本发明的方药组方分析:
茵陈:味苦、辛,性微寒。归脾、胃、肝、胆经。功能主治:清湿热,退黄疸。用于黄疸尿少,湿疮瘙痒;传染性黄疸型肝炎。《本经》:主风湿寒热邪气,热结黄疸。《别录》:治通身发黄,小便不利,除头热,去伏瘕。《本草拾遗》:通关节,去滞热,伤寒用之。《医林纂要》:坚肾,燥脾湿,去郁,解热。《本草再新》:泻火,平肝,化痰,止咳发汗,利湿,消肿,疗疮火诸毒。
葛根:味甘、辛,性凉。归脾、胃经。功能主治:解肌退热,生津,透疹,升阳止泻。用于外感发热头痛、项背强痛,口渴,消渴,麻疹不透,热痢,泄泻;高血压颈项强痛。《本经》:主消渴,身太热,呕吐,诸痹,起阴气,解诸毒。《别录》:"疗伤寒中风头痛,解肌,发表,出汗,开腠理。疗金疮,止痛,胁风痛。""生根汁,疗消渴,伤寒壮热。张元素:发散表邪,发散小儿疮疹难出。《纲目》:散郁火。
秦艽:味苦性平。归胃、肝、胆经。功能主治:祛风湿,清湿热,止痹痛。用于风湿痹痛,筋脉拘挛,骨节酸痛,日晡潮热,小儿疳积发热。《本经》:主寒热邪气,寒湿风痹,肢节痛,下水,利小便。《别录》:疗风,无问久新;通身挛急。《药性论》:利大小便,瘥五种黄病,解酒毒,去头风。《日华子本草》:主骨蒸,治疳及时气。《珍珠囊》:去阳明经风湿痹,仍治口疮毒。
凌霄花:为柴葳科植物凌霄Campsis grandiflora (Thunb.)K. Schum. 或美洲凌霄Campsis radicans (L.)Seem. 的干燥花。味甘、酸,性寒。归肝、心包经。功能主治:凉血,化瘀,祛风。用于月经不调,经闭癓瘕,产后乳肿,风疹发红,皮肤瘙痒,痤疮。《本经》:主妇人产乳余疾,崩中,症瘕,血闭,寒热羸瘦。《药性论》:主热风,风痫,大小便不利,肠中结实,止产后崩血不定,淋沥。
黄柏:味苦,性寒。归肾、膀胱经。功能主治:清热燥湿,泻火除蒸,解毒疗疮。用于湿热泻痢,黄疸,带下,热淋,脚气,痿{辟},骨蒸劳热,盗汗,遗精,疮疡肿毒,湿疹瘙痒。盐黄柏滋阴降火。用于阴虚火旺,盗汗骨蒸。《本经》:主五脏肠胃中结热,黄疸,肠痔;止泄痢,女子漏下赤白,阴伤蚀疮。《别录》:疗惊气在皮间,肌肤热赤起,目热赤痛,口疮。《日华子本草》:安心除劳,治骨蒸,洗肝,明目,多泪,口干,心热,杀疳虫,治蛔心痛,疥癣,蜜炙治鼻洪,肠风,泻血,后分急热肿痛。《医学启源》:《主治秘诀》云,泻膀胱龙火,利结小便,下焦湿肿,痢疾先见血,脐中痛,补肾水不足。
生地:甘苦,凉。入心、肝、肾经。功能主治:滋阴,养血。治阴虚发热,消渴,吐血,衄血,血崩,月经不调,胎动不安,阴伤便秘。《本经》:主折跌绝筋,伤中,逐血痹,填骨髓,长肌肉,作汤除寒热积聚,除痹。生者尤良。《别录》:主男子五劳七伤,女子伤中,胞漏下血,破恶血,溺血,利大小肠,去胃中宿食,补五脏,内伤不足,通血脉,益气力,利耳目。《药性论》:补虚损,温中下气,通血脉,治产后腹痛,主吐血不止。
墨旱莲:味甘、酸,性寒。归肾、肝经。功能主治:滋补肝肾,凉血止血。用于牙齿松动,须发早白,眩晕耳鸣,腰膝酸软,阴虚血热、吐血、衄血、尿血,血痢,崩漏下血,外伤出血。《唐本草》:主血痢。针灸疮发,洪血不可止者敷之;汁涂发眉,生速而繁。《日华子本草》:排脓,止血,通小肠,敷一切疮并蚕瘑。《滇南本草》:固齿,乌须,洗九种痔疮。《纲目》:乌须发,益肾阴。《本草述》:疗溺血及肾虚变为劳淋。《分类草药性》:止血,补肾,退火,消肿。治淋、崩。
防己: 为防己科植物粉防己StephaniatetrandraS.Moore的干燥根。苦,寒。归膀胱、肺经。功能利水消肿,祛风止痛。用于水肿脚气,小便不利,湿疹疮毒,风湿痹痛;高血压。《本经》:主风寒温疟,热气诸痫。除邪,利大小便。《别录》:疗水肿、风肿,去膀胱热,伤寒寒热邪气,中风手脚挛急,止泄,散痈肿恶结,(治)诸瘑疥癣虫疮,通腠理,利九窍。《医学启源》:"疗胸中(《本草发挥》引’胸中’作’腰’)以下至足湿热肿盛、脚气,去留热。《医林纂要》:泻心,坚肾,燥脾湿,功专行水决渎,以达于下。《本草再新》:利湿,除风,解火,破血。治膀胱水肿,健脾胃,化痰。
桂枝:味辛、甘,性温。归心、肺、膀胱经。功能主治:发汗解肌,温通经脉,助阳化气,平冲降气。用于风寒感冒,脘腹冷痛,血寒经闭,关节痹痛,痰饮,水肿,心悸,奔豚。《医学启源》:去伤风头痛,开腠理,解表,去皮风湿。《本草经疏》:实表祛邪。主利肝肺气,头痛,风痹骨节挛痛。《药品化义》:专行上部肩臂,能领药至痛处,以除肢节间痰凝血滞。《本草备要》:温经通脉,发汗解肌。《本草再新》:温中行血,健脾燥胃,消肿利湿。治手足发冷作麻、筋抽疼痛,并外感寒凉等症。"
附子:辛、甘,大热;有毒。归心、肾、脾经。功能回阳救逆,补火助阳,逐风寒湿邪。用于亡阳虚脱,肢冷脉微,阳萎,宫冷,心腹冷痛,虚寒吐泻,阴寒水肿,阳虚外感,寒湿痹痛。《本经》:主风寒咳逆邪气,温中,金疮,破癥坚积聚,血瘕,寒湿踒躄,拘挛膝痛,不能行步。《本草备要》:补肾命火,逐风寒湿。《本草汇言》:附子,回阳气,散阴寒,逐冷痰,通关节之猛药也。诸病真阳不足,虚火上升,咽喉不利,饮食不入,服寒药愈甚者,附子乃命门主药,能入其窟穴而招之,引火归原,则浮游之火自熄矣。
茯苓:甘、淡,平。归心、肺、脾、肾经。功能利水渗湿,健脾宁心。用于水肿尿少,痰饮眩悸,脾虚食少,便溏泄泻,心神不安,惊悸失眠。《本经》:主胸胁逆气,忧恚惊邪恐悸,心下结痛,寒热烦满,咳逆,口焦舌干,利小便。《别录》:止消渴,好睡,大腹,淋沥,膈中痰水,水肿淋结。开胸腑,调脏气,伐肾邪,长阴,益气力,保神守中。《药性论》:开胃,止呕逆,善安心神。主肺痿痰壅。治小儿惊痫,心腹胀满,妇人热淋。《日华子本草》:补五劳七伤,安胎,暖腰膝,开心益智,止健忘。
人参: 甘、微苦,微温。归脾、肺、心、肾经。功效大补元气,复脉固脱,补脾益肺,生津养血,安神益智。用于体虚欲脱,肢冷脉微,脾虚食少,肺虚喘咳,津伤口渴,内热消渴,气血亏虚,久病虚赢,惊悸失眠,阳痿官冷。
牡丹皮:苦、辛,微寒。归心、肝、肾经。功能清热凉血,活血化瘀。用于温毒发斑,吐血衄血,夜热早凉,无汗骨蒸,经闭痛经,痈肿疮毒,跌扑伤痛。牡丹皮善清血,而又活血,因而有凉血散瘀的功效,使血流畅而不留瘀,血热清而不妄行。故对血热炽盛、肝肾火旺及瘀血阻滞等症,都恃为要药。《本经》:主寒热,中风瘈疭、痉、惊痫邪气,除症坚瘀血留舍肠胃,安五脏,疗痈疮。《别录》:"除时气头痛,客热五劳,劳气头腰痛,风噤,癫疾。《滇南本草》:破血,行(血),消癥瘕之疾,除血分之热。《纲目》:和血,生血,凉血。治血中伏火,除烦热。
石菖蒲:味辛、苦,性温。归心、胃经。功效:化湿开胃,开窍豁痰,醒神益智。用于脘痞不饥,噤口下痢,神昏癫痫,健忘耳聋。理气,活血,散风,去湿。治癫痫,痰厥,热病神昏,健忘,气闭耳聋,心胸烦闷,胃痛,腹痛,风寒湿痹,痈疽肿毒,跌打损伤。《本经》:主风寒湿痹,咳逆上气,开心孔,补五脏,通九窍,明耳目,出音声。《药性论》:治风湿顽痹,耳鸣,头风,泪下,杀诸虫,治恶疮疥瘙。《本草备要》:补肝益心,去湿逐风,除痰消积,开胃宽中。疗噤口毒痢,风痹惊痫。
胡麻仁为胡麻科植物胡麻的成熟种子。味甘,性平,无毒。入肺、脾、肝、肾经。功能主治:润燥滑肠,养血祛风,滋养肝肾。用于津枯血燥、大便秘结,病后体虚、眩晕乏力等症。《昆明民间常用草药》:种子及根:平肝,顺气,润肠。治睾丸炎、疝气、慢性肝炎、肝风头痛、便秘。主治伤中虚亏,补五脏,增气力,长肌肉,长智力。它又能润养五脏,滋实肺气,止心惊,利大小肠,耐寒暑,驱逐湿气、游风、头风,能催生使胞衣尽快剥离,补产后体虚疲乏。
补骨脂:性味辛、苦,温。归肾、脾经。功能主治:温肾助阳,纳气,止泻。用于阳痿遗精,遗尿尿频,腰膝冷痛,肾虚作喘,五更泄泻。《日华子本草》:"兴阳事,治冷劳,明耳目。《开宝本草》:主五劳七伤,风虚冷,骨髓伤败,肾冷精流及妇人血气堕胎。《纲目》:治肾泄,通命门,暖丹田,敛精神。《玉楸药解》:温暖水土,消化饮食,升达脾胃,收敛滑泄、遗精、带下、溺多、便滑诸证。《医林纂要》:治虚寒喘嗽。
赤芍:性味酸苦,凉。入肝、脾经。功效行瘀,止痛,凉血,消肿。治瘀滞经闭,疝瘕积聚,腹痛,胁痛,衄血,血痢,肠风下血,目赤,痈肿。《本经》:主邪气腹痛,除血痹,破坚积,寒热疝瘕,止痛,利小便,益气。《别录》:通顺血脉,缓中,散恶血,逐贼血,去水气,利膀胱大小肠,消痈肿,时行寒热,中恶腹痛,腰痛。《滇南本草》:泻脾火,降气,行血,破瘀,散血块,止腹痛,退血热,攻痈疮,治疥癞。
威灵仙:味辛、咸,性温。归膀胱经。功能主治:祛风除湿,通络止痛。用于风湿痹痛,肢体麻木,筋脉拘挛,屈伸不利,骨哽咽喉。《开宝本草》:主诸风,宣通五藏,去腹内冷滞,心隔痰水久积,症瘕痃癣气块,膀胱宿脓恶水,腰膝冷疼及疗折伤。《广西中草药》:祛风除湿,通经活络,利尿,止痛。治风湿骨痛,黄疸,浮肿,小便不利,偏头痛,跌打内伤。
制首乌:功能主治:补肝,益肾,养血,祛风。治肝肾阴亏,发须早白,血虚头晕,腰膝软弱,筋骨酸痛,遗精,崩带,久疟,久痢,慢性肝炎,痈肿,瘰疬,肠风,痔疾。制首乌补肝肾,益精血,乌须发,壮筋骨;用于眩晕耳鸣、须发早白、腰膝酸软、肢体麻木、神经衰弱、高血脂症。《何首乌录》:主五痔,腰腹中宿疾冷气,长筋益精,能食,益气力,长肤,延年。《滇南本草》:涩精,坚肾气,止赤白便浊,缩小便,入血分,消痰毒。治办白癜风,疮疥顽癣,皮肤瘙庠。截疟,治痰疟。《江西草药》:通便,解疮毒;制熟补肝肾,益精血。
乌梅:味酸、涩,性平。归肝、脾、肺、大肠经。功能主治:敛肺,涩肠,生津,安蛔。用于肺虚久咳,久痢滑肠,虚热消渴,蛔厥呕吐腹痛,胆道蛔虫症。《本经》:主下气,除热烦满,安心,肢体痛,偏枯不仁,死肌,去青黑痣、恶肉。《用药心法》:收肺气。《纲目》:敛肺涩肠,治久嗽,泻痢,反胃噎膈,蛔厥吐利,消肿,涌痰,杀虫,解鱼毒、马汗毒、硫黄毒。
地骨皮:味甘,性寒。归肺、肝、肾经。功能主治:凉血除蒸,清肺降火。用于阴虚潮热,骨蒸盗汗,肺热咳嗽,咯血,衄血,内热消渴。《本经》:主五内邪气,热中消渴,周痹。王好古:泻肾火,降肺中伏火,去胞中火,退热,补正气。《纲目》:去下焦肝肾虚热。
补骨脂:味辛、苦,性温。归肾、脾经。功能主治:温肾助阳,纳气,止泻。用于阳痿遗精,遗尿尿频,腰膝冷痛,肾虚作喘,五更泄泻;外用治白癜风,斑秃。《药性论》:主男子腰疼,膝冷囊湿,逐诸冷痹顽,止小便利,腹中冷。《日华子本草》:兴阳事,治冷劳,明耳目。《品汇精要》:固精气。《纲目》:治肾泄,通命门,暖丹田,敛精神。
砂仁:味辛,性温。归脾、胃、肾经。功能主治:化湿开胃,温脾止泻,理气安胎。用于湿浊中阻,脘痞不饥,脾胃虚寒,呕吐泄泻,妊娠恶阻,胎动不安。《纲目》:补肺醒脾,养胃益肾,理元气,通滞气,散寒次胀痞,噎膈呕吐,止女子崩中,除咽喉口齿浮热,化铜铁骨哽。《医林纂要》:润肾,补肝,补命门,和脾胃,开郁结。
侧柏叶:味苦、涩,性寒。归肺、肝、脾经。功能主治:凉血止血,生发乌发。用于吐血衄血,咯血,便血,崩漏下血,血热脱发,须发早白。《别录》:"主吐血、衄血、痢血、崩中赤白。轻身益气,令人耐寒暑,去湿痹,生肌。《本草正》:善清血凉血,去湿热湿痹,骨节疼痛。捣烂可敷火丹,散痄腮肿痛热毒。《医林纂要》:泄肺逆,泻心火,平肝热,清血分之热。《岭南采药录》:凉血行气,祛风,利小便,散瘀。
藁本:味辛,性温。入膀胱经。功能主治:散风寒湿邪。治风寒头痛,巅顶痛,寒湿腹痛,泄泻,疝瘕,疥癣。《本经》:主妇人疝瘕,阴中寒,肿痛,腹中急,除风头痛。《日华子本草》:治病疾,并皮肤疵皯、酒齄、粉刺。《医学启源》:治头痛,胸痛,齿痛。李杲:治头面及遍身皮肤风湿。《本草再新》:治风湿痛痒,头风目肿,泄泻疟痢。
车前草:味 甘,性寒。归肝、肾、肺、小肠经。功效清热利尿,凉血,解毒。主治热结膀胱,小便不利,淋浊带下,暑湿泻痢,衄血,尿血,肝热目赤,咽喉肿痛,痈肿疮毒。
楮实子:性寒,味甘。功能主治:补肾清肝、明目、利尿。用于腰膝酸软、虚劳骨蒸、头晕目昏、目生翳膜、水肿胀满。《别录》:主阴痿水肿,益气,充肌肤,明目。《日华子本草》:壮筋骨,助阳气,补虚劳,助腰膝,益颜色。《本草汇言》:健脾养肾,补虚劳,明目。《大名本草》:壮筋骨、助阳气、补虚劳、助腰膝、益颜色。
麦门冬:甘微苦,寒。入肺、胃、心经。【功能主治】养阴润肺,清心除烦,益胃生津。治肺燥干咳,吐血,咯血,肺痿,肺痈,虚劳烦热,消渴,热病津伤,咽干口燥,便秘。《本经》:主心腹结气,伤中伤饱,胃络脉绝,羸瘦短气。《日华子本草》:治五劳七伤,安魂定魄,时疾热狂,头痛,止嗽。《本草衍义》:治心肺虚热。《珍珠囊》:治肺中伏火,生脉保神。
泽泻:味甘,性寒。归肾、膀胱经。功能主治:利小便,清湿热。用于小便不利,水肿胀满,泄泻尿少,痰饮眩晕,热淋涩痛;高血脂。《本经》:主风寒湿痹,乳难,消水,养五脏,益气力,肥健。《别录》:补虚损五劳,除五脏痞满,起阴气,止泄精、消渴、淋沥,逐膀胱、三焦停水。《药性论》:主肾虚精自出,治五淋,利膀胱热,直通水道。《纲目》:渗湿热,行痰饮,止呕吐、泻痢,疝痛,脚气。
猪苓:味甘、淡,性平。归肾、膀胱经。功能主治:利水渗湿。用于小便不利,水肿,泄泻,淋浊,带下。《本经》:主痃疟,利水道。《药性论》:解伤寒温疫大热,发汗,主肿胀,满腹急痛。《珍珠囊》:渗泄,止渴,又治淋肿。《纲目》:开腠理,治淋、肿、脚气,白浊、带下,妊娠子淋,小便不利。
黄连:味苦,性寒。归心、脾、胃、肝、胆、大肠经。功能主治:清热燥湿,泻火解毒。用于湿热痞满,呕吐吞酸,泻痢,黄疸,高热神昏,心火亢盛,心烦不寐,血热吐衄,目赤,牙痛,消渴,痈肿疔疮;外治湿疹,湿疮,耳道流脓。《本经》:主热气目痛,眦伤泣出,明目,肠辩腹痛下痢,妇人阴中肿痛。《本草备要》:治痈疽疮疥,酒毒,胎毒。除疳,杀蛔。
栀子:味苦,性寒。归心、肺、三焦经。功能主治:泻火除烦,清热利尿,凉血解毒。用于热病心烦,黄疸尿赤,血淋涩痛,血热吐衄,目赤肿痛,火毒疮疡;外治扭挫伤痛。《本经》:主五内邪气,胃中热气,面赤,酒疱皶鼻,白癞,赤癞,疮疡。《别录》:疗目热亦痛,胸心、大小肠大热,心中烦闷,胃中热气。朱震亨:泻三焦火,清胃脘血,治热厥心痛,解热郁,行结气。
陈皮:味苦、辛,性温。归肺、脾经。功能主治:理气健脾,燥湿化痰。用于胸脘胀满,食少吐泻,咳嗽痰多。温能行气,辛能发散,苦而泄水。故陈皮有三大类作用,一是导胸中寒邪,二破滞气,三益脾胃。
苍术:味辛、苦,性温。归脾、胃、肝经。功能主治:燥湿健脾,祛风散寒,明目。用于脘腹胀满,泄泻,水肿,脚气痿躄,风湿痹痛,风寒感冒,夜盲。《医学启源》:苍术,主治与白术同,若除上湿发汗,功最大,若补中焦除湿,力少。《本草通玄》:苍术,宽中发汗,其功胜于白术,补中除湿,其力不及白术。大抵卑监之土,宜与白术以培之,敦阜之土,宜与苍术以平之。《玉楸药解》:白术守而不走,苍术走而不守,故白术善补,苍术善行。其消食纳谷,止呕住泄亦同白术,而泄水开郁,苍术独长。
白术:苦、甘,温。归脾、胃经。功能健脾益气,燥湿利水,止汗,安胎。用于脾虚食少,腹胀泄泻,痰饮眩悸,水肿,自汗,胎动不安。土白术健脾,和胃,安胎。用于脾虚食少,泄泻便溏,胎动不安。《本经》:主风寒湿痹,死肌,痉,疸,止汗,除热消食。《别录》:主大风在身面,风眩头痛,目泪出,消痰水,逐皮间风水结肿,除心下急满,及霍乱吐下不止,利腰脐间血,益津液,暖胃,消谷嗜食。
阿胶:味甘,性平。归肺、肝、肾经。功能主治:补血滋阴,润燥,止血。用于血虚萎黄,眩晕心悸,肌痿无力,心烦不眠,虚风内动,肺燥咳嗽,劳嗽咯血,吐血尿血,便血崩漏,妊娠胎漏。《本经》:主心腹内崩,劳极洒洒如疟状,腰腹痛,四肢酸疼,女子下血。安胎。久服益气。《药性论》:主坚筋骨,益气止痢。《千金·食治》:治大风。《日华子本草》:治一切风,并鼻洪、吐血、肠风、血痢及崩中带下。《纲目拾遗》:治内伤腰痛,强力伸筋,添精固肾。
炙甘草:甘,平。 归心、肺、脾、胃经 。补脾和胃,益气复脉。用于脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力,心动悸,脉结代。
生姜:味辛,性微温。归肺、脾、胃经。功能主治:解表散寒,温中止呕,化痰止咳。用于风寒感冒,胃寒呕吐,寒痰咳嗽。《别录》:主伤寒头痛鼻塞,咳逆上气。陶弘景:归五脏,去痰下气,止呕吐,除风湿寒热。《珍珠囊》:益脾胃,散风寒。
大枣:味甘,性温。归脾、胃经。功能主治:补中益气,养血安神。用于脾虚食少,乏力便溏,妇人脏躁。《本经》:主心腹邪气,安中养脾,助十二经。平胃气,通九窍,补少气、少津液,身中不足,大惊,四肢重,和百药。李杲:"温以补脾经不足,甘以缓阴血,和阴阳,调营卫,生津液。《药品化义》:养血补肝。《本草再新》:补中益气,滋肾暖胃,治阴虚。
生龙骨: 甘、涩,平。功效:生品潜阳安神,用于阴虚阳亢,烦躁易怒,心悸失眠,头晕目眩,癫狂惊等症;
生牡蛎: 咸,微寒。归肝、胆、肾经。功效:平肝潜阳;重镇安神;软坚散结;收敛固涩。具有滋阴、养血、补五脏、活血、充肌等功效。
龟甲: 为龟科动物乌龟Chinemys reevesii (Gray)的背甲及腹甲。味咸、甘,性微寒。归肝、肾、心经。功能主治:滋阴潜阳,益肾强骨,养血补心。用于阴虚潮热,骨蒸盗汗,头晕目眩,虚风内动,筋骨痿软,心虚健忘。
砂仁:味辛,性温。归脾、胃、肾经。功能主治:化湿开胃,温脾止泻,理气安胎。用于湿浊中阻,脘痞不饥,脾胃虚寒,呕吐泄泻,妊娠恶阻,胎动不安。《药性论》:主冷气腹痛,止休息气痢,劳损,消化水谷,温暖脾胃。《纲目》:补肺醒脾,养胃益肾,理元气,通滞气,散寒次胀痞,噎膈呕吐,止女子崩中,除咽喉口齿浮热,化铜铁骨哽。《医林纂要》:润肾,补肝,补命门,和脾胃,开郁结。
组方分析:发为血之余,血为阴精所化生,肾藏精而固阴,肾阴虚则发焦黄而松动。所以阴虚湿盛为本病之根源。治宜健脾祛湿、滋阴固肾以治其本。脂溢性脱发患者,或先天禀赋不足,或后天房劳过度及长期熬夜上网,暗耗精血,致使肾阴亏虚,方中制首乌、墨旱莲、胡麻仁、侧柏叶、楮实子养血祛风、滋养肝肾、育阴利水、以助生发;脾胃为气血生化之源,脾胃气虚为引起脱发的主要原因,配伍炙甘草、人参、茯苓、白术、陈皮、苍术、生姜、大枣益气补脾以资气血生化之源;饮食入胃,化为水谷精微,由脾上输于肺,肺具宣发和肃降作用,将清的部分向上、向外宣发,滋养皮肤和毛发,将浊的部分向下肃降滋养脏腑,脂溢性脱发患者肺失肃降,则水谷精微中浊的部分向上宣发于头面,故头面出油,油脂阻塞毛囊,毛发失养而脱落,乌梅、麦冬、桑白皮、地骨皮敛肺降火,一泻、一清、一敛、一润,从不同角度恢复肺的肃降作用,共为君药。方中重用生地黄和阿胶滋阴养血,配牡丹皮、赤芍、凌霄花、威灵仙、石菖蒲祛瘀凉血、活血通络、祛风除湿,即可加强凉血清热作用,以防止火热煎熬、营血瘀滞,又可活血通络改善发根的血液循环,促其再生,还有利于清除湿浊之邪;脂溢性脱发患者多为油性发质,或喜食肥甘,性属湿热,加以茵陈、泽泻、猪苓、车前草、黄连、栀子、防己清热除湿,共为臣药。以补骨脂、附子、桂枝辛行温通,温阳固精,配入生龙骨生牡蛎使温阳而不浮亢,加以龟甲滋阴潜阳,黄柏清降相火,砂仁宣中辟阴,纳气归肾,而达到交通心肾、通阴助阳,是为佐药。葛根、藁本、桂枝解表透热,开鬼门,驱邪外出,是为使药。诸药合用,培下焦,疏中焦,敛上焦,使之湿从下走,阴血上充,阴阳调和,皮毛腠理密固,标本兼顾,共奏滋阴敛火潜阳、益气养血祛风、清热凉血祛瘀、除湿止痒生发之功。本发明是多年临床经验的总结,从谷疸湿热、气阴两虚、阴虚阳亢等方面论治该病,符合脂溢性脱发的上实下虚、阴阳失调的病因病机,临床疗效显著。本发明药物经过多年研究,临床治疗效果明显,治愈率为66.1%,总有效率为96.4%,服用本发明的复方组合药物后患者头发油腻明显改善,脱发很快停止,疗效明显优于对照组,具有疗效好、疗程短、疗效彻底、无副作用等特点。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步说明。
实施例1:
茵陈15g、茯苓15g、白术15g、泽泻25g、猪苓20g、车前草20g、黄连10g、栀子15g、防己10 g、陈皮10g、苍术20g、葛根30g、秦艽20g、桂枝10g、胡麻仁15g、人参10g、阿胶10g、生地30g、炙甘草20g、生姜10g、大枣10g、麦门冬20g、赤芍30g、附子15g、生龙骨20g、生牡蛎20g、龟甲20g、黄柏10g、砂仁10g、凌霄花15g、藁本10g、制首乌30g、丹皮15g、侧柏叶25g、地骨皮25g、桑白皮20g、补骨脂20g、墨旱莲20g、乌梅10g、威灵仙15g、石菖蒲10g、楮实子20g。
称取除阿胶以外的上述药材,分别加10、8倍水煎煮两次,煎煮2次,每次0.5小时,合并煎液,阿胶烊化,浓缩至适量,成人1-2天内服用完。
实施例2:
茵陈100g、茯苓100g、白术100g、泽泻150g、猪苓125g、车前草125g、黄连75g、栀子100g、防己75g、陈皮75g、苍术125g、葛根200g、秦艽125g、桂枝75g、胡麻仁100g、人参75g、阿胶粉100g、生地200g、炙甘草150g、生姜75g、大枣75g、麦门冬125g、赤芍200g、附子125g、生龙骨150g、生牡蛎150g、龟甲125g、黄柏75g、砂仁75g、凌霄花100g、藁本75g、制首乌200g、丹皮100g、侧柏叶150g、地骨皮150g、桑白皮125g、补骨脂125g、墨旱莲125g、乌梅75g、威灵仙100g、石菖蒲75g、楮实子125g。
按重量份数称取除阿胶以外的上述药物,加10倍水煎煮两次,每次1小时,合并煎液,减压浓缩至相对密度为1.23(50℃热测),加乙醇至含醇量为70%,静置12h,取上清液,回收乙醇至无醇味并继续浓缩至稠膏,真空干燥,粉碎得900g,加阿胶粉100g、淀粉110g、糊精110g和蔗糖200g,制粒,整粒1500g,包装,每袋装15g。
实施例3:
茵陈10g、茯苓10g、白术10g、泽泻20g、猪苓15g、车前草15g、黄连5g、栀子10g、防己6g、陈皮8g、苍术15g、葛根20g、秦艽10g、桂枝10g、胡麻仁10g、人参10g、阿胶10g、生地20g、炙甘草10g、生姜10g、大枣10g、麦门冬15g、赤芍20g、附子10g、生龙骨10g、生牡蛎10g、龟甲15g、黄柏10g、砂仁6g、凌霄花10g、藁本10g、制首乌20g、丹皮10g、侧柏叶20g、地骨皮20g、桑白皮15g、补骨脂15g、墨旱莲15g、乌梅10g、威灵仙10g、石菖蒲8g、楮实子15g。
称取茵陈、泽泻、车前草、栀子、防己、陈皮、葛根、秦艽、桂枝、胡麻仁、生地、生姜、大枣、生龙骨、生牡蛎、龟甲、凌霄花、制首乌、侧柏叶、桑白皮、补骨脂、墨旱莲、乌梅、楮实子药材,加10倍水煎煮两次,每次1小时,合并煎液,减压浓缩至稠膏,干燥,粉碎得干膏粉;将剩余药材粉碎成细粉(100目),过筛;将干膏粉与药材粉碎粉混匀,用水引湿,制丸,干燥,打光,制得浓缩丸剂,包装,即得。
实施例4:
茵陈30g、茯苓30g、白术30g、泽泻40g、猪苓30g、车前草30g、黄连20g、栀子30g、防己20g、陈皮30g、苍术30g、葛根50g、秦艽30g、桂枝20g、胡麻仁30g、人参20g、阿胶30g、生地50g、炙甘草40g、生姜20g、大枣20g、麦门冬30g、赤芍50g、附子30g、生龙骨30g、生牡蛎30g、龟甲30g、黄柏20g、砂仁20g、凌霄花25g、藁本20g、制首乌50g、丹皮25g、侧柏叶35g、地骨皮35g、桑白皮30g、补骨脂30g、墨旱莲30g、乌梅20g、威灵仙30g、石菖蒲20g、楮实子30g。
称取上述药材粉碎,过筛,混匀,泛水成丸,制备成丸剂,包装,即得。
实施例5:临床研究实验
一、临床资料
1、一般资料:
全部人选病例均为山东中医药大学附属医院皮肤科门诊,符合脂溢性脱发男性患者,共106例。将符合纳人标准的病例随机分为治疗组和对照组。两组一般资料比较无统计学差异,具有可比性。
2、诊断标准
(1)诊断标准:
参照1997年中华人民共和国卫生部.《中药新药临床研究指导原则》(第三辑)中的脂溢性脱发的标准制订。
油脂分泌旺盛,头发油腻,或头皮屑明显,头发干燥,伴有瘙痒;头发弥漫性缓慢秃落,头发稀疏呈男性型秃发。
3、试验病例标准
纳入标准: ①临床诊断符合脂溢性脱发; ②年龄在 18 ~50岁的门诊病人: ③治疗前 1 个月内未用过糖皮质激素或免疫抑制剂。1 周内未服用过中药或抑制雄性激素的药物。
排除标准1)年龄在18岁以下或50岁以上,过敏体质或对本药过敏者。2)斑秃、季节性脱发、药物性脱发及其他疾病引起的脱发。3)有严重全身性疾病,慢性消耗性疾病者。4)未按规定治疗及乱用药者。
二、治疗方法
(1)治疗组:采用实施例2制备的颗粒剂,口服治疗,颗粒剂每次一袋,每日3次。
(2)对照组:口服降脂生发片(陕西君碧莎制药有限公司),一次6-8片,一日3次。(成分:当归、牡丹皮、川芎、白鲜皮、蝉蜕、地黄、苦参、地肤子、防风、制何首乌、荆芥、麸炒僵蚕、蜈蚣;功能主治:滋阴、养血、祛风、活络、止痒。用于脂溢性脱发,透皮瘙痒,落屑,油脂分泌过多症。)
3个月为1疗程,观察2个疗程统计疗效。患者治疗期间均停用其他口服及外用药且
同时注意饮食清淡。
三、疗效观察
疗效标准:参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则》中秃发症的疗效判定标准。
痊愈:毛发停止脱落,脱发全部长出,其分布密度、粗细、色泽与健发区相同,皮脂分泌恢复正常。
显效:毛发停止脱落,脱发再生达70%以上,其密度、粗细及色泽均接近健发区,皮脂分泌明显减少。
有效:毛发停止脱落,脱发再生达30%以上,包括毳毛及白发长出。
无效:脱发再生不足30%或仍继续脱落。
四、治疗结果
两组按照疗效判断标准进行疗效评价,结果见表1。
表1 两组疗效对比 例(%)
组别 | 例数 | 痊愈 | 显效 | 有效 | 无效 | 有效率(%) |
治疗组 | 56 | 37(66.1) | 13(23.2) | 4(7.1) | 2(3.6) | 96.4% |
对照组 | 50 | 18(36.0) | 12(24.0) | 9(18.0) | 11(22.0) | 78.0% |
治疗组共56例,其中痊愈37例,占66.1%;显效13例,占23.2%;有效4例,占7.1%;无效2例,占3.6%,总有效率为96.4%。对照组共50例,其中治愈18例,占36.0%;显效12例,占24.0%;有效9例,占18.0%;无效11例,占22.0%;总有效率为78.0%。从结果来看,治疗组的痊愈率明显好于对照组,且总有效率比对照组高。
实施例6:典型病例
陈某,男,27岁,2012年8月26口初诊。头前部发际线后退,额至顶部头发稀疏,柔细而浅,顶更明显,达通用分类标准Ⅲ级。伴头额多汗多油,偶痒,舌红苔黄腻,脉弦。诊断为脂溢性脱发 (雄激素源性秃发)。辨证为肝肾阴虚夹湿热内蒸。给予实施例1所述的中药煎剂,每天喝2-3次,一天喝一副处方量;9月3日二诊,头发油、出汗减轻,已不瘙痒,舌苔好转,其述说以前他都是1-2天洗一次头(头面出油多,不洗则头发打绺),现在即使3-4天不洗头,也比以前油少,且头屑减少明显,头脑比以前清爽;为方便长期服药,给予实施例2所述的中药颗粒剂。10月18口三诊,脱发减轻,头部出汗出油进一步减少。从此,一直守方续用,至2013年1月12日复诊,脱发停止,头皮基本不油腻,已见较多新毛发长出;至2013年5月12日回访,其已痊愈,头发和常人无异。
Claims (4)
1.一种治疗脂溢性脱发的中药组合物,其特征在于由以下重量份的药物组成:茵陈10-30份、茯苓10-30份、白术10-30份、泽泻20-40份、猪苓15-30份、车前草15-30份、黄连5-20份、栀子10-30份、防己6-20份、陈皮8-30份、苍术15-30份、葛根20-50份、秦艽10-30份、桂枝10-20份、胡麻仁10-30份、人参10-20份、阿胶10-30份、生地20-50份、炙甘草10-40份、生姜10-20份、大枣10-20份、麦门冬15-30份、赤芍20-50份、附子10-30份、生龙骨10-30份、生牡蛎10-30份、龟甲15-30份、黄柏10-20份、砂仁6-20份、凌霄花10-25份、藁本10-20份、制首乌20-50份、丹皮10-25份、侧柏叶20-35份、地骨皮20-35份、桑白皮15-30份、补骨脂15-30份、墨旱莲15-30份、乌梅10-20份、威灵仙10-30份、石菖蒲8-20份、楮实子15-30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗脂溢性脱发的中药组合物,其特征在于由以下重量份的药物组成:茵陈15-20份、茯苓15-20份、白术15-20份、泽泻25-30份、猪苓20-25份、车前草20-25份、黄连10-15份、栀子15-20份、防己10-15份、陈皮10-15份、苍术20-25份、葛根30-40份、秦艽20-25份、桂枝10-15份、胡麻仁15-20份、人参10-15份、阿胶10-20份、生地30-40份、炙甘草20-30份、生姜10-15份、大枣10-15份、麦门冬20-25份、赤芍30-40份、附子15-25份、生龙骨20-30份、生牡蛎20-30份、龟甲20-25份、黄柏10-15份、砂仁10-15份、凌霄花15-20份、藁本10-15份、制首乌30-40份、丹皮15-20份、侧柏叶25-30份、地骨皮25-30份、桑白皮20-25份、补骨脂20-25份、墨旱莲20-25份、乌梅10-15份、威灵仙15-20份、石菖蒲10-15份、楮实子20-25份。
3.根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的用于治疗脂溢性脱发的中药组合物,其特征在于:所述中药组合物的剂型为汤剂、颗粒剂或丸剂。
4.一种制备权利要求3所述的治疗脂溢性脱发的的中药颗粒剂的方法,其特征在于其制备步骤为:按重量份数称取上述药物,加8-12倍水煎煮两次,每次0.5-1小时,合并煎液,减压浓缩至相对密度为1.20~1.25(50℃热测),加乙醇至含醇量为65~70%,静置12~24h,取上清液,回收乙醇至无醇味并继续浓缩至稠膏,真空干燥,粉碎,加淀粉、糊精和蔗糖,制粒,整粒,包装,即得颗粒剂。
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