CN116369447A - Environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of micropterus salmoides - Google Patents
Environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of micropterus salmoides Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116369447A CN116369447A CN202310276278.0A CN202310276278A CN116369447A CN 116369447 A CN116369447 A CN 116369447A CN 202310276278 A CN202310276278 A CN 202310276278A CN 116369447 A CN116369447 A CN 116369447A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- vitamin
- micropterus salmoides
- compound feed
- meal
- fish
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 235000019742 Vitamins premix Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxine Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
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- HYPYXGZDOYTYDR-HAJWAVTHSA-N 2-methyl-3-[(2e,6e,10e,14e)-3,7,11,15,19-pentamethylicosa-2,6,10,14,18-pentaenyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(C/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CCC=C(C)C)=C(C)C(=O)C2=C1 HYPYXGZDOYTYDR-HAJWAVTHSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 5
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
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- FDJOLVPMNUYSCM-UVKKECPRSA-L cobalt(3+);[(2r,3s,4r,5s)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2r)-1-[3-[(2r,3r,4z,7s,9z,12s,13s,14z,17s,18s,19r)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7, Chemical compound [Co+3].N#[C-].C1([C@H](CC(N)=O)[C@@]2(C)CCC(=O)NC[C@@H](C)OP([O-])(=O)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]3CO)N3C4=CC(C)=C(C)C=C4N=C3)O)[N-]\C2=C(C)/C([C@H](C\2(C)C)CCC(N)=O)=N/C/2=C\C([C@H]([C@@]/2(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=N\C\2=C(C)/C2=N[C@]1(C)[C@@](C)(CC(N)=O)[C@@H]2CCC(N)=O FDJOLVPMNUYSCM-UVKKECPRSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
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- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003905 phosphatidylinositols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N phylloquinone Natural products CC(C)CCCCC(C)CCC(C)CCCC(=CCC1=C(C)C(=O)c2ccccc2C1=O)C SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000008160 pyridoxine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
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- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
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- JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiamine Chemical compound CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Landscapes
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of micropterus salmoides, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 25-30% of fish meal, 10-15% of domestic chicken meal, 8-13% of soybean protein concentrate, 15-18% of soybean meal, 5-8% of corn gluten meal, 3-5% of blood cell protein powder, 6-8% of high gluten flour, 3-5% of fish oil, 3-5% of soybean oil, 1-2% of adhesive, 2-3% of yeast extract, 2-3% of fish soluble paste, 0.5-2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05-0.1% of mildew preventive, 0.2-1% of choline chloride, 0.05-0.1% of L-methionine, 0.05-0.1% of L-lysine, 0.5-1% of vitamin premix and 1-2% of mineral premix. According to the invention, the formation degree of the night soil of the micropterus salmoides is effectively improved, the nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the culture water body in the excrement are reduced, and the pollution to the culture water body is effectively reduced by adjusting the formula of the puffed compound feed of the micropterus salmoides; meanwhile, the formula of the puffed compound feed for the micropterus salmoides reduces the starch content, lightens the liver burden of the micropterus salmoides, obviously improves the survival rate, the weight gain rate and the growth rate of the micropterus salmoides, reduces the feed coefficient and improves the overall cultivation efficiency of the micropterus salmoides.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic animal culture, in particular to an environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of micropterus salmoides.
Background
The micropterus salmoides are also called largella, belong to the genus micropterus of the order of the weevil, the family of the solar fish, are typical freshwater carnivorous fishes, native america, and are one of the varieties with the fastest increase of the culture capacity in China in recent years. At present, guangdong province is a main culture area of the micropterus salmoides, and the culture amount accounts for 75% of the whole country. Secondly, the cultivation amount in the Zhejiang area is 20%, and the total amount of the four places such as Sichuan and Jiangxi is 5%. According to incomplete statistics, the annual output of domestic California bass breaks through 20 ten thousand tons. Along with the increase of the culture amount of the micropterus salmoides, the environmental problems brought in the culture process are more serious, the excreted manure mainly causes the water body to be deteriorated, and especially, nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the manure are main causes for eutrophication of the culture water body, so that the pollution to the environment in the large-scale culture process of the micropterus salmoides is a great problem by adjusting the feed formula of the micropterus salmoides.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of high emission of nitrogen and phosphorus elements and serious pollution to culture water bodies in the traditional Japanese perch culture in the prior art, and provides an environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the Japanese perch.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of micropterus salmoides comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 25-30% of fish meal, 10-15% of domestic chicken meal, 8-13% of soybean protein concentrate, 15-18% of soybean meal, 5-8% of corn gluten meal, 3-5% of blood cell protein powder, 6-8% of high gluten flour, 3-5% of fish oil, 3-5% of soybean oil, 1-2% of adhesive, 2-3% of yeast extract, 2-3% of fish soluble paste, 0.5-2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05-0.1% of mildew preventive, 0.2-1% of choline chloride, 0.05-0.1% of L-methionine, 0.05-0.1% of L-lysine, 0.5-1% of vitamin premix and 1-2% of mineral premix.
Preferably, the binder is one of carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and chitosan.
Preferably, the vitamin premix comprises: vitamin A acetate 8g/kg and vitamin B 1 4g/kg, vitamin B 2 15g/kg, vitamin B 6 5g/kg, vitamin B 12 0.016g/kg, vitamin D 3 3.9g/kg, 16g/kg of vitamin E, 4g/kg of vitamin K, 28g/kg of menaquinone sodium sulfite, 40g/kg of pyridoxine phosphatidylinositol hydrochloride, 0.8g/kg of biotin, 400g/kg of vitamin C, 4.5g/kg of folic acid, 38g/kg of calcium D-pantothenate, 0.35g/kg of carnitine, 1.2g/kg of crystalline taurine, 200g/kg of antioxidant and 231.234g/kg of fine bran.
Preferably, the mineral premix comprises: mgSO4.7H2O 50g/kg, znSO4.7H2O (19.25% Zn) 60g/kg, feSO4.7H2O (19.74% Fe) 50g/kg, cuSO4.5H2O (25.22% Cu) 10g/kg, mnSO4.H2O (31.89% Mn) 10g/kg, na2SeO3.5H2O (28.54% Se) 5g/kg, KI (75.73% I) 13.34g/kg, yeast selenium 16.66g/kg, cobalt chloride (1% Co) 20g/kg, zeolite powder 765g/kg.
The invention reasonably adjusts the whole feed formula, improves the utilization rate and water resistance of the feed, effectively improves the forming degree of the excrement and reduces the dissolution loss of the excrement in water; meanwhile, the nitrogen and phosphorus content in the culture water body is reduced, the pollution to the water body is further reduced, and the protection to the culture environment is improved. The micropterus salmoides are extremely sensitive to the change of starch content in the feed because they are "congenital diabetics". Excessive starch can easily cause that the liver can not digest and transport in time, but accumulates in the liver in a large amount in the form of fat, and can easily cause the occurrence of fatty liver and even liver cirrhosis. The invention uses the adhesive (carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan) to replace starch in the feed, reduces the consumption of the starch in the feed of the micropterus salmoides, can effectively reduce the stimulation of carbohydrate to the micropterus salmoides, improves the health performance of the micropterus salmoides and increases the success rate of cultivation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the invention effectively improves the forming degree of the night soil of the micropterus salmoides, reduces the dissolution loss of the night soil in water, improves the collection efficiency of the night soil of the micropterus salmoides and reduces the direct pollution of the night soil to the culture water body by adjusting the formula of the puffed compound feed of the micropterus salmoides; simultaneously, the nitrogen and phosphorus content in the culture water body is effectively reduced, and the pollution to the water body is further reduced;
secondly, the formula of the puffed compound feed for the California perch is adjusted, the starch content is reduced, the water resistance of the feed can be improved, the liver burden of the California perch can be lightened, and the disease occurrence rate of the California perch in the breeding process is reduced, so that the survival rate, the weight gain rate and the growth rate of the California perch are obviously improved, the bait coefficient is reduced, and the overall breeding efficiency of the California perch is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of liver slices of control group 1 and experimental group 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the particle size distribution of fecal pellets of control group 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the particle size distribution of fecal pellets of experimental group 1 in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of liver slices of control group 2 and experimental group 2 according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the particle size distribution of fecal pellets of control group 2 according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the particle size distribution of fecal pellets of experimental group 2 in the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of liver slices of control group 3 and experimental group 3 according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the particle size distribution of fecal pellets of control group 3 according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the particle size distribution of fecal pellets of experimental group 3 in the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the specific examples.
Example 1
The environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 25% of fish meal, 12.3% of domestic chicken meal, 13% of soybean protein concentrate, 15% of soybean meal, 6% of corn meal, 3% of blood cell protein powder, 8% of high gluten flour, 4% of fish oil, 3% of soybean oil, 1% of adhesive, 3% of yeast extract, 3% of fish soluble paste, 1% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05% of mildew preventive, 0.6% of choline chloride, 0.1% of L-methionine, 0.1% of L-lysine, 0.5% of vitamin premix and 1.35% of mineral premix.
The binder in this example is carboxymethyl cellulose.
The vitamin premix comprises: vitamin A acetate 8g/kg and vitamin B 1 4g/kg, vitamin B 2 15g/kg, vitamin B 6 5g/kg, vitamin B 12 0.016g/kg, vitamin D 3 3.9g/kg, 16g/kg of vitamin E, 4g/kg of vitamin K, 28g/kg of menaquinone sodium sulfite, 40g/kg of pyridoxine phosphatidylinositol hydrochloride, 0.8g/kg of biotin, 400g/kg of vitamin C, 4.5g/kg of folic acid, 38g/kg of calcium D-pantothenate, 0.35g/kg of carnitine, 1.2g/kg of crystalline taurine, 200g/kg of antioxidant and 231.234g/kg of fine bran.
The mineral premix comprises: mgSO (MgSO) 4 ·7H 2 O 50g/kg、ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O(19.25％Zn)60g/kg、FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O(19.74％Fe)50g/kg、CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O(25.22％Cu)10g/kg、MnSO 4 ·H 2 O(31.89％Mn)10g/kg、Na 2 SeO 3 ·5H 2 5g/kg of O (28.54% Se), 13.34g/kg of KI (75.73% I), 16.66g/kg of yeast selenium, 20g/kg of cobalt chloride (1% Co) and 765g/kg of zeolite powder.
According to the composition of the raw materials, the environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides is prepared by a conventional puffed feed processing method.
The feeding comparison experiment of the environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides prepared in the example 1 and the existing micropterus salmoides puffed feed is as follows:
the experimental method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of selecting 160 micropterus salmoides with initial weight of 157.8 g+/-1.5 g, randomly and averagely dividing the micropterus salve into 2 groups, namely a control group 1 and an experimental group 1, wherein each group is four replicates, and each replicate is 20 fish. Wherein, the control group 1 is fed with the prior salve puffed compound feed on the market; experiment group 1 was fed with the environment-friendly puffed feed for micropterus salmoides prepared in example 1 of the present invention. A blank bucket (without fish) was additionally placed as a blank control.
And (3) carrying out a culture test for 84 days on the control group, the experimental group and the blank control group, uniformly changing water for all barrels when the culture test is carried out for 82 days, then feeding the water for satiation, taking 1L of water sample from each barrel 12 hours after feeding, and respectively measuring the total nitrogen and total phosphorus content in each barrel of water body.
At the end of the cultivation test, starvation was performed for 24 hours, and the total weight of each barrel was measured, and the weight gain rate and the bait coefficient were calculated. Liver slice samples were taken.
During the test, the fecal samples of each treatment group were collected, the extent of fecal formation was identified (refer to the identification method of Chinese patent No. 202110225006.9), 5g of feces was weighed, placed on a 180-mesh screen, and then placed in a 1L water body together with the fecal samples for 24 hours to determine the rate of dissolution loss of feces. The collected fecal sample was weighed 1g, stirred for 10 minutes using a magnetic stirrer at 1000rpm/min, shaken for 5 minutes using a shaker at 135rpm/min, sonicated for 3 minutes, and the fecal particle size distribution was determined using a laser particle sizer.
Experimental results: the culture results of the control group 1 and the experimental group 1 of the micropterus salmoides are shown in the table 1 in detail, and the fecal forming identification results are shown in the table 2 in detail; liver sections of control group 1 and experimental group 1 are shown in fig. 1; the particle size distributions of the fecal particles of the control group 1 and the experimental group 1 are shown in fig. 2 and 3, respectively.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
As shown in Table 1, the survival rate, the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate of the micropterus salmoides in the experimental group 1 are higher than those of the control group 1, and the bait coefficient is lower than that of the control group 1, which indicates that the environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides prepared in the embodiment 1 can obviously improve the growth performance of the micropterus salmoides. As shown in fig. 1, from the liver slicing result, the cavitation of the liver cells, the deviation of the cell nucleus, the swelling and other structural changes of the control group 1, the color of the chromatin is lighter, the liver tissue structure of the experimental group 1 is more intact, the edges of the liver cells are clear, and the environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving the liver health of the micropterus salmoides prepared in the example 1 can obviously improve the liver health degree of the micropterus salmoides.
As shown in table 2 and fig. 2 and 3, the fish body fecal dissolution rate of the control group 1 reaches 34.5%, the fecal particle size volume is 25.229% which is less than 30 μm, the fecal particle size distribution volume is 17.672% which is between 30 μm and 60 μm, and the fecal particle ratio of greater than 60 μm is 57.099%; the fish body fecal dissolution rate of the experimental group 1 is 25.5%, the particle size volume of the fecal particles is 11.708% smaller than 30 μm, the proportion of the particle size distribution volume of the fecal particles is 10.254% between 30 μm and 60 μm, and the fecal particles with the particle size larger than 60 μm account for 78.038%. When the feed was fed for 12 hours, the total nitrogen excretion amount of the control group 1 was 4.8mg/L, the total phosphorus excretion amount was 0.247mg/L, the total nitrogen excretion amount of the experimental group 1 was 3.6mg/L, and the total phosphorus excretion amount was 0.214mg/L. Therefore, the environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides prepared in the embodiment 1 can be fed, so that the forming degree of the excrement can be obviously improved, and the excrement can be conveniently collected; meanwhile, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus content in the culture water body is reduced, the nitrogen excretion rate is reduced by 25%, and the phosphorus excretion rate is reduced by 13.4%, so that the pollution of the culture of the micropterus salmoides to the water body environment is effectively reduced.
Example 2
The environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 28% of fish meal, 10% of domestic chicken meal, 11% of soybean protein concentrate, 17% of soybean meal, 6% of corn meal, 4% of blood cell protein powder, 6% of high gluten flour, 5% of fish oil, 3% of soybean oil, 2% of adhesive, 2% of yeast extract, 2% of fish soluble pulp, 0.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1% of mildew preventive, 0.3% of choline chloride, 0.05% of L-methionine, 0.05% of L-lysine, 1% of vitamin premix and 2% of mineral premix.
The binder, vitamin premix and mineral premix in this example are identical to example 1.
According to the composition of the raw materials, the environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides is prepared by a conventional puffed feed processing method.
Example 3
The environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30% of fish meal, 12.6% of domestic chicken meal, 8% of soybean protein concentrate, 18% of soybean meal, 8% of corn meal, 3% of blood cell protein powder, 6% of high gluten flour, 3% of fish oil, 3% of soybean oil, 1% of adhesive, 2% of yeast extract, 2% of fish soluble pulp, 0.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05% of mildew preventive, 0.2% of choline chloride, 0.05% of L-methionine, 0.1% of L-lysine, 0.5% of vitamin premix and 2% of mineral premix.
The binder, vitamin premix and mineral premix in this example are identical to example 1.
According to the composition of the raw materials, the environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides is prepared by a conventional puffed feed processing method.
Example 4
The environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 28% of fish meal, 10% of domestic chicken meal, 11% of soybean protein concentrate, 17% of soybean meal, 6% of corn meal, 4% of blood cell protein powder, 6% of high gluten flour, 5% of fish oil, 3% of soybean oil, 2% of adhesive, 2% of yeast extract, 2% of fish soluble pulp, 0.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1% of mildew preventive, 0.3% of choline chloride, 0.05% of L-methionine, 0.05% of L-lysine, 1% of vitamin premix and 2% of mineral premix.
The binder in this embodiment is polyvinyl alcohol.
The vitamin premix comprises: vitamin A acetate 8g/kg and vitamin B 1 4g/kg, vitamin B 2 15g/kg, vitamin B 6 5g/kg, vitamin B 12 0.016g/kg, vitamin D 3 3.9g/kg, 16g/kg of vitamin E, 4g/kg of vitamin K, 28g/kg of menaquinone sodium sulfite, 40g/kg of pyridoxine phosphatidylinositol hydrochloride, 0.8g/kg of biotin, 400g/kg of vitamin C, 4.5g/kg of folic acid, 38g/kg of calcium D-pantothenate, 0.35g/kg of carnitine, 1.2g/kg of crystalline taurine, 200g/kg of antioxidant and 231.234g/kg of fine bran.
The mineral premix comprises: mgSO (MgSO) 4 ·7H 2 O 50g/kg、ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O(19.25％Zn)60g/kg、FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O(19.74％Fe)50g/kg、CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O(25.22％Cu)10g/kg、MnSO 4 ·H 2 O(31.89％Mn)10g/kg、Na 2 SeO 3 ·5H 2 5g/kg of O (28.54% Se), 13.34g/kg of KI (75.73% I), 16.66g/kg of yeast selenium, 20g/kg of cobalt chloride (1% Co) and 765g/kg of zeolite powder.
According to the composition of the raw materials, the environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides is prepared by a conventional puffed feed processing method.
The feeding comparison experiment of the environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides prepared in the example 4 and the existing micropterus salmoides puffed feed is as follows:
the experimental method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of selecting 160 micropterus salmoides with initial weight of 111.66 +/-3.76 g, randomly and averagely dividing the micropterus salve into 2 groups, namely a control group 2 and an experimental group 2, wherein each group is four replicates, and each replicate is 20 fish. Wherein, the control group 2 is fed with the prior salve puffed compound feed on the market; experiment group 2 was fed with the environment-friendly puffed feed for micropterus salmoides prepared in example 4 of the present invention. A blank bucket (without fish) was additionally placed as a blank control.
And (3) carrying out a culture test for 70 days on the control group, the experimental group and the blank control group, uniformly changing water in all barrels when the culture test is carried out for 68 days, then feeding the water in a fed way, taking 1L of water sample from each barrel 12 hours after feeding, and respectively measuring the total nitrogen and total phosphorus content in each barrel of water body. The rest of the experimental procedure was identical to that in example 1.
Experimental results: the culture results of the control group 2 and the experimental group 2 of the micropterus salmoides are shown in a table 3 in detail, and the fecal forming identification results are shown in a table 4 in detail; liver sections of control group 2 and experimental group 2 are shown in fig. 4; the fecal particle size distributions of control group 2 and experimental group 2 are shown in fig. 5 and 6, respectively.
TABLE 3 Table 3
TABLE 4 Table 4
As shown in Table 3, the survival rate, the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate of the micropterus salmoides in the experimental group 2 are higher than those of the control group 2, and the bait coefficient is lower than that of the control group 2, which indicates that the environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides prepared in the example 4 can obviously improve the growth performance of the micropterus salmoides. As shown in fig. 4, from the liver slicing result, the cavitation of the liver cells, the deviation of the cell nucleus, the swelling and other structural changes of the control group 2, the color of the chromatin is lighter, the liver tissue structure of the experimental group 2 is more intact, the edges of the liver cells are clear, which indicates that the environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving the liver health of the micropterus salmoides prepared in the example 4 can obviously improve the liver health of the micropterus salmoides.
As shown in table 4 and fig. 5 and 6, the fish body fecal dissolution rate of control group 2 reached 33.9%, and the fecal particle with a particle size and volume of fecal particle greater than 60 μm accounted for 58.747%; the fish body fecal dissolution rate of experimental group 2 is 25.8%, and the fecal particle with the particle size and volume of the fecal particle larger than 60 μm accounts for 75.102%. When the feed was fed for 12 hours, the total nitrogen excretion amount of the control group 2 was 3.78mg/L, and the total phosphorus excretion amount was 0.41mg/L. The total nitrogen excretion of the experimental group 2 was 3mg/L, and the total phosphorus excretion was 0.33mg/L. Thus, the environment-friendly puffed compound feed prepared in the feeding example 4 for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides can remarkably improve the forming degree of the manure, reduce the manure dissolution loss, facilitate the collection of the manure and reduce the pollution of culture water bodies; meanwhile, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus content in the culture water body is reduced, the nitrogen excretion rate is reduced by 20.06 percent, and the phosphorus excretion rate is reduced by 19.5 percent, so that the pollution of the culture of the micropterus salmoides to the water body environment is further reduced.
Example 5
The environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 25% of fish meal, 12.3% of domestic chicken meal, 13% of soybean protein concentrate, 15% of soybean meal, 6% of corn meal, 3% of blood cell protein powder, 8% of high gluten flour, 4% of fish oil, 3% of soybean oil, 1% of adhesive, 3% of yeast extract, 3% of fish soluble paste, 1% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05% of mildew preventive, 0.6% of choline chloride, 0.1% of L-methionine, 0.1% of L-lysine, 0.5% of vitamin premix and 1.35% of mineral premix.
The binder, vitamin premix and mineral premix in this example are identical to example 4.
According to the composition of the raw materials, the environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides is prepared by a conventional puffed feed processing method.
Example 6
The environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30% of fish meal, 12.6% of domestic chicken meal, 8% of soybean protein concentrate, 18% of soybean meal, 8% of corn meal, 3% of blood cell protein powder, 6% of high gluten flour, 3% of fish oil, 3% of soybean oil, 1% of adhesive, 2% of yeast extract, 2% of fish soluble pulp, 0.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05% of mildew preventive, 0.2% of choline chloride, 0.05% of L-methionine, 0.1% of L-lysine, 0.5% of vitamin premix and 2% of mineral premix.
The binder, vitamin premix and mineral premix in this example are identical to example 4.
According to the composition of the raw materials, the environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides is prepared by a conventional puffed feed processing method.
Example 7
The environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30% of fish meal, 12.6% of domestic chicken meal, 8% of soybean protein concentrate, 18% of soybean meal, 8% of corn meal, 3% of blood cell protein powder, 6% of high gluten flour, 3% of fish oil, 3% of soybean oil, 1% of adhesive, 2% of yeast extract, 2% of fish soluble pulp, 0.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05% of mildew preventive, 0.2% of choline chloride, 0.05% of L-methionine, 0.1% of L-lysine, 0.5% of vitamin premix and 2% of mineral premix.
The binder in this example is chitosan.
The vitamin premix comprises: vitamin A acetate 8g/kg and vitamin B 1 4g/kg, vitamin B 2 15g/kg, vitamin B 6 5g/kg, vitamin B 12 0.016g/kg, vitamin D 3 3.9g/kg, 16g/kg of vitamin E, 4g/kg of vitamin K, 28g/kg of menaquinone sodium sulfite, 40g/kg of pyridoxine phosphatidylinositol hydrochloride, 0.8g/kg of biotin, 400g/kg of vitamin C, 4.5g/kg of folic acid, 38g/kg of calcium D-pantothenate, 0.35g/kg of carnitine, 1.2g/kg of crystalline taurine, 200g/kg of antioxidant and 231.234g/kg of fine bran.
The mineral premix comprises: mgSO (MgSO) 4 ·7H 2 O 50g/kg、ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O(19.25％Zn)60g/kg、FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O(19.74％Fe)50g/kg、CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O(25.22％Cu)10g/kg、MnSO 4 ·H 2 O(31.89％Mn)10g/kg、Na 2 SeO 3 ·5H 2 5g/kg of O (28.54% Se), 13.34g/kg of KI (75.73% I), 16.66g/kg of yeast selenium, 20g/kg of cobalt chloride (1% Co) and 765g/kg of zeolite powder.
According to the composition of the raw materials, the environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides is prepared by a conventional puffed feed processing method.
The feeding comparison experiment of the environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides prepared in the example 7 and the existing micropterus salmoides puffed feed is as follows:
the experimental method comprises the following steps: the 240 micropterus salmoides with initial weight of 152.03 +/-4.07 g are randomly and averagely divided into 2 groups, namely a control group 3 and an experimental group 3, wherein each group is four replicates, and each replicate is 30 fish. Wherein, the control group 3 is fed with the prior salve puffed compound feed on the market; experiment group 3 is fed with the environment-friendly puffed feed for micropterus salmoides prepared in example 7 of the invention. A blank bucket (without fish) was additionally placed as a blank control.
And (3) carrying out a 75-day culture test on the control group, the experimental group and the blank control group, uniformly changing water in all barrels when the culture test is carried out for 74 days, then feeding the water in a fed way, taking 1L of water sample from each barrel 12 hours after feeding, and respectively measuring the total nitrogen and total phosphorus content in each barrel of water body. The rest of the experimental procedure was identical to that in example 1.
Experimental results: the culture results of the control group 3 and the experimental group 3 of the micropterus salmoides are shown in Table 5, and the fecal forming identification results are shown in Table 6; liver sections of control group 3 and experimental group 3 are shown in fig. 7; the fecal particle size distributions of control group 3 and experimental group 3 are shown in fig. 8 and 9, respectively.
TABLE 5
TABLE 6
As shown in Table 5, the survival rate, the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate of the micropterus salmoides in the experimental group 3 are higher than those of the control group 3, and the bait coefficient is lower than that of the control group 3, which indicates that the environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides prepared in the example 7 can obviously improve the growth performance of the micropterus salmoides. As shown in fig. 7, from the liver slicing result, the cavitation of the liver cells, the deviation of the cell nucleus, the swelling and other structural changes of the control group 3, the color of the chromatin is lighter, the liver tissue structure of the experimental group 3 is more intact, the edges of the liver cells are clear, which indicates that the environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving the liver health of the micropterus salmoides prepared in the example 7 can obviously improve the liver health of the micropterus salmoides.
As shown in table 6 and fig. 8 and 9, the fish body fecal dissolution rate of the control group 3 reaches 35.2%, and the fecal particle with the particle size and volume of the fecal particle larger than 60 μm accounts for 55.674%; the fecal dissolution rate of the fish body of the experimental group 3 is 24.3%, and the fecal particle with the particle size and the volume of the fecal particle larger than 60 μm accounts for 80.024%. When the feed was fed for 12 hours, the total nitrogen excretion amount of the control group 3 was 2.7mg/L, and the total phosphorus excretion amount was 0.25mg/L. The total nitrogen excretion of the test group 3 was 1.9mg/L, and the total phosphorus excretion was 0.2mg/L. Therefore, the environment-friendly puffed compound feed prepared in the feeding example 7 for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides can remarkably improve the forming degree of the feces, reduce the dissolving loss of the feces and facilitate the collection of the feces; meanwhile, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus content in the culture water body is reduced, the nitrogen excretion rate is reduced by 29.6%, and the phosphorus excretion rate is reduced by 20%, so that the pollution of the culture of the micropterus salmoides to the water body environment is effectively reduced.
Example 8
The environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 28% of fish meal, 10% of domestic chicken meal, 11% of soybean protein concentrate, 17% of soybean meal, 6% of corn meal, 4% of blood cell protein powder, 6% of high gluten flour, 5% of fish oil, 3% of soybean oil, 2% of adhesive, 2% of yeast extract, 2% of fish soluble pulp, 0.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1% of mildew preventive, 0.3% of choline chloride, 0.05% of L-methionine, 0.05% of L-lysine, 1% of vitamin premix and 2% of mineral premix.
The binder, vitamin premix and mineral premix in this example are identical to example 7.
According to the composition of the raw materials, the environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides is prepared by a conventional puffed feed processing method.
Example 9
The environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of the micropterus salmoides comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 25% of fish meal, 12.3% of domestic chicken meal, 13% of soybean protein concentrate, 15% of soybean meal, 6% of corn meal, 3% of blood cell protein powder, 8% of high gluten flour, 4% of fish oil, 3% of soybean oil, 1% of adhesive, 3% of yeast extract, 3% of fish soluble paste, 1% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05% of mildew preventive, 0.6% of choline chloride, 0.1% of L-methionine, 0.1% of L-lysine, 0.5% of vitamin premix and 1.35% of mineral premix.
The binder, vitamin premix and mineral premix in this example are identical to example 7.
According to the composition of the raw materials, the environment-friendly compound feed for the micropterus salmoides is prepared by a conventional processing method of the puffed feed.
The specification and figures are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and one skilled in the art, in light of the teachings of this invention, may make various substitutions and alterations to some of its features without the need for inventive faculty, all being within the scope of this invention.
Claims (4)
1. An environment-friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of micropterus salmoides is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 25-30% of fish meal, 10-15% of domestic chicken meal, 8-13% of soybean protein concentrate, 15-18% of soybean meal, 5-8% of corn gluten meal, 3-5% of blood cell protein powder, 6-8% of high gluten flour, 3-5% of fish oil, 3-5% of soybean oil, 1-2% of adhesive, 2-3% of yeast extract, 2-3% of fish soluble paste, 0.5-2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05-0.1% of mildew preventive, 0.2-1% of choline chloride, 0.05-0.1% of L-methionine, 0.05-0.1% of L-lysine, 0.5-1% of vitamin premix and 1-2% of mineral premix.
2. The environmentally friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of micropterus salmoides of claim 1, wherein the binder is one of carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and chitosan.
3. The environmentally friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of micropterus salmoides of claim 1, wherein the vitamin premix comprises: vitamin A acetate 8g/kg and vitamin B 1 4g/kg, vitamin B 2 15g/kg, vitamin B 6 5g/kg, vitamin B 12 0.016g/kg, vitamin D 3 3.9g/kg, 16g/kg of vitamin E, 4g/kg of vitamin K, 28g/kg of menaquinone sodium sulfite, 40g/kg of pyridoxine phosphatidylinositol hydrochloride, 0.8g/kg of biotin, 400g/kg of vitamin C, 4.5g/kg of folic acid, 38g/kg of calcium D-pantothenate, 0.35g/kg of carnitine, 1.2g/kg of crystalline taurine, 200g/kg of antioxidant and 231.234g/kg of fine bran.
4. The environmentally friendly puffed compound feed for improving liver health of micropterus salmoides of claim 1, wherein the mineral premix comprises: mgSO (MgSO) 4 ·7H 2 O50g/kg、ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O(19.25％Zn)60g/kg、FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O(19.74％Fe)50g/kg、CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O(25.22％Cu)10g/kg、MnSO 4 ·H 2 O(31.89％Mn)10g/kg、Na 2 SeO 3 ·5H 2 5g/kg of O (28.54% Se), 13.34g/kg of KI (75.73% I), 16.66g/kg of yeast selenium, 20g/kg of cobalt chloride (1% Co) and 765g/kg of zeolite powder.
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