CN104970230A - Low-fish-meal compound feed for turbots - Google Patents
Low-fish-meal compound feed for turbots Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a low-fish-meal compound feed for turbots. The compound feed is prepared from 12.5-24.5% of Peru steam fish meal, 35-50% of soy protein concentrate, 2.5-4% of enzymolysis fish meal, 1.0-2.0% of mussel meat, 1.0-2.0% of scallop brims, 12-25% of high gluten flour, 0.5-1.0% of soya bean lecithin, 4.5-10% of fish oil, 4.5-10% of soya-bean oil, 0.7-2.1% of taurine, 0.2-0.6% of L-carnitine, 0.1-0.2% of a non-starch polysaccharide enzyme, 0.05-0.15% of phytase, 0.05-0.15% of glucuronolactone, 2.5-3.3% of a compound amino acid mixture, 0.5-1.0% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-0.2% of multivitamins for sea fishes and 0.4-0.8% of compound minerals for sea fishes. Compared to a common compound feed for turbots, the feed cost can be more effectively lowered, so that the economical cost of turbot cultivation is lowered. Moreover, the pollution on the water body caused by nitrogen and phosphorus discharge is remarkably reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to animal feed preparing technical field, be specifically related to the low meal compound feed of a kind of turbot.
Background technology
Turbot (Scophthatmus maximus L.) belongs to Pleuronectiformes, Bothidae (Bothidae), and brill belongs to (Scophthalmus), is commonly called as at home " how precious fish ".It is littoral that turbot originates in east side, the Atlantic Ocean, is mainly produced in the North Sea, the Baltic Sea, Iceland and surrounding waters, the Scandinavian Peninsula.After introducing China from 1992, because it has, economic worth is high, growth is rapid, oxygen demand is low, adapt to the life of low water temperature, acceptant mixed bait, be suitable for the advantages such as intensive culture, develop rapidly and become northern China advantage cultivation fingerling, become a pillar industry of China's sea-farming, achieve good economic and social benefit.According to statistics, current China turbot cultured area is at 4,000,000 square meter, and cultured output reaches 50,000 tons, and annual value of production is more than 3,000,000,000 yuan.
Fish meal is topmost animal protein source in current fish mixed feed.In the market, propagate artificially in the mixed feed that turbot uses all containing higher fish meal consumption, as Chinese patent CN1618317 discloses a kind of composite fish bait for fry of brill, by originally making of following weight ratio: white fish meal 25-35%, Peru red fish meal 15-25%, spirulina powder 5-10%, FSPC 5-10%, squid powder 5-10%, brewer's yeast 2-5, Strong flour 20-25%, soybean lecithin 1.0-2.0%, cholesterol 0.5-1.0%, ocean fish oil 2.0-3.5, Choline Chloride 0.3-0.6, fish hepatinica 0.2-0.4%, compound vitamin 0.3-0.5%, composite mineral salt 0.5-1.0%, and for example Chinese patent CN1618319 discloses a kind of composite bait for brill, its key component be 20 ~ 30% Peru's red fish meal, 15 ~ 25% white fish meal, 5 ~ 10% Soybean Meal, 5 ~ 10% peanut press pulp, 5 ~ 10% squid powder, 3 ~ 7% brewer's yeast, 20 ~ 25% Strong flour, 1.0 ~ 2.0% soybean lecithin, 2.0 ~ 3.5% ocean fish oil, 0.3 ~ 0.6% Choline Chloride, 0.3 ~ 0.5% fish hepatinica, the compound vitamin of 0.2 ~ 0.5% and the composite mineral salt of 0.5 ~ 1.0%.In above-mentioned several turbot mixed feed, fish meal composition all exceedes 35% of gross weight in feed, large usage quantity, is the main component of feed.But fish meal is also the feedstuff that in aquatic feeds, price is the highest.In recent years, along with the fast development of aquaculture, (FAO, 2004) are constantly risen to the demand of fish meal.And fish meal output annual in the world maintains a comparatively maintenance level (Tidwell and Allan, 2001), thus the contradiction of fish meal and price is caused to rise (Mente and Deguara, 2003) fast.Fish meal consumption higher in turbot mixed feed must improve the price of mixed feed, thus increase turbot propagate cost artificially.Simultaneously, fish meal higher in feed causes Dietary phosphorus content to exceed animal nutrient requirement, in addition the vegetable protein such as Soybean Meal is also containing the unavailable phytate phosphorus of more animal, and these can not be discharged in water body by the phosphorus of animal use the pollution causing breeding environment together.Therefore, be necessary to provide a kind of turbot mixed feed using less content fish meal.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the low meal compound feed of a kind of turbot, not only can meet turbot growth needs, improve cultivation quality and reduce the discharge of water body nitrogen phosphorus, the mixed feed of financial cost can be reduced again.
The low meal compound feed of turbot of the present invention, component containing following percentage by weight: fish meal 12.5 ~ 24.5%, FSPC 35 ~ 50%, enzymolysis fish meal 2.5 ~ 4%, mussel meat 1.0 ~ 2.0%, scallop edge albumen 1.0 ~ 2.0%, Strong flour 12 ~ 25%, soybean lecithin 0.5 ~ 1.0%, fish oil 4.5 ~ 10%, soya-bean oil 4.5 ~ 10%, taurine 0.7 ~ 2.1%, VBT 0.2 ~ 0.6%, non-starch polysaccharide enzyme 0.1 ~ 0.2%, phytase 0.05 ~ 0.15%, glucurone 0.05 ~ 0.15%, compounded amino acid blend 2.5 ~ 3.3%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 ~ 1.0%, fish multidimensional 0.1 ~ 0.2%, fish grandidierite 0.4 ~ 0.8%.
Described compounded amino acid blend is the mixture of lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan and glycine, the component of its a kind of percentage by weight is composed as follows: 1B 55%, DL-METHIONINE 25%, threonine 10%, tryptophan 5%, glycine 5%.
Preferred as embodiment; a kind of percentage by weight of mixed feed of the present invention composed as follows: fish meal 12.5; FSPC 48%, enzymolysis fish meal 2.5%, mussel meat 1.5%; scallop edge albumen 1.5%; Strong flour 12%, soybean lecithin 0.5%, fish oil 8%; soya-bean oil 8%; taurine 2.1%, VBT 0.45%, non-starch polysaccharide enzyme 0.15%; phytase 0.15%; glucurone 0.15%, compounded amino acid blend 3.3%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.0%; fish multidimensional 0.2%, fish grandidierite 0.8%.
Fish multidimensional of the present invention is the mixture of vitamine A acetate, vitamine D3, Vitwas E, Vitamin K3, vitamin B1, riboflavin, calcium pantothenate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, nicotinic acid, folic acid, biotin, inositol, vitamin C phosphoric ester and Choline Chloride.
Fish grandidierite of the present invention is the mixture of epsom salt, cupric sulfate pentahydrate, a hydration zinc sulphide, Feromax, Manganous sulfate monohydrate, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite, calcium iodate and zeolite powder.
Produce in accordance with the following steps during enzymolysis fish meal of the present invention: the molten slurry of fish be separated with fish oil in fish meal production process is added 2.3kg trypsase, 1.2kg papain, 5kgEM stoste and 3kg bacillus according to every 500kg, 37 DEG C of condition bottom fermentations 4 hours after being uniformly mixed, moisture being concentrated to 35% by the product after fermentation in Rotary Evaporators and being enzymolysis fish meal.
The low meal compound feed of environmental protection turbot provided by the invention, for the digestive physiological characteristics of turbot, selects the major protein source of FSPC that turbot digestive utilization ratio is high fish meal as an alternative; By meeting the interpolation of crystal amino acid mixture, balance the amino acid imbalance because vegetable protein Peru Fish Dietary causes; By scallop edge, mussel meat and enzymolysis fish meal as short Attractant, the grazing rate of turbot in low fish meal situation can be improved; By adding non-starch polysaccharide enzyme and phytase, substantially increasing the digestive utilization ratio of turbot to protein in feed and phosphorus, reducing nitrogen phosphorus to the discharge in water body; Effectively improved the physiological situation of turbot in low fish meal situation by supplementation of taurine, carnitine and glucurone, facilitate turbot liver health and capacity usage ratio; Therefore, the low meal compound feed of turbot of the present invention can to ensure in feed that animal protein content is the highest and be no more than 32.5%, minimumly reaches 17%, is significantly less than animal protein consumption in current domestic turbot mixed feed.
Through the results show, product tool of the present invention has the following advantages: (1) feed cost reduces greatly, and compared with conventional turbot feed, feed cost per ton reduces 600-1000 unit; (2) improve the utilization rate of turbot to protein in feed and phosphorus, reduce the pollution of nitrogen phosphorus discharge to water body; (3) strengthen turbot liver health, improve its general level of the health and cultivation survival rate.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1:
1, feed prepares:
According to the low meal compound feed of following weight percentages of components preparation environmental protection turbot: Peru's steam fish meal 12.5; FSPC 48%; enzymolysis fish meal 2.5%; mussel meat 1.5%, scallop edge 1.5%, Strong flour 12%; soybean lecithin 0.5%; fish oil 8%, soya-bean oil 8%, taurine 2.1%; VBT 0.45%; non-starch polysaccharide enzyme 0.15%, phytase 0.15%, glucurone 0.15%; compounded amino acid blend 3.3%; calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.0%, fish multidimensional 0.2%, fish grandidierite 0.8%.Wherein, embodiment use fish multidimensional and fish with grandidierite all purchased from master bio tech ltd, Qingdao; But the vitamin that other aquatic products field can also be used to use or composite mineral matter.
Conventional turbot mixed feed is prepared as a control group: Peru's steam fish meal 50.0% according to following weight percentages of components, Soybean Meal 23%, Strong flour 15%, soybean lecithin 0.5%, fish oil 5%, soya-bean oil 5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5%, fish multidimensional 0.2%, fish grandidierite 0.8%.
The preparation process of the low meal compound feed of this turbot and control group mixed feed is as follows: before formula feed, and all raw materials must pass through pulverizing, crosses 80 mesh sieves.All feedstuffs crushed are mixed by feed formula, and then add fish oil, soya-bean oil and soybean lecithin (being first dissolved in fish oil), by hand grease molecule is rubbed scattered, mix in V-type vertical mixer (Shanghai Tianxiang V-0.5 type), finally adding about 30% distilled water again forms hard group, full automatic fishing bait machine (260, friendship machinery plant of Weihai in Shandong province) in feed is squeezed into the particle of diameter 3.0*3.0mm, dry 12h under 50 DEG C of constant temperature, dried particles is pulverized, and puts-20 DEG C of refrigerators for subsequent use.
2, culture experiment:
Culture experiment is defended Experimental Base at Chinese Marine University Ao Shan and is carried out.Before test, first juvenile fish commercial feed (seven good feeds) is supported 2 weeks temporarily to adapt to breeding environment.Test adopt breeding barrel (cumulative volume 400L, water body volume 300L) to be glass fibre bucket.Cultivating seawater used is sand filter water, and adopt circular flow water system, every barrel of inflow is 1.0L/min.It is 18.0 ± 0.5 DEG C that experimental session water temperature controls, and salinity is 28.5 ~ 32 ‰, and dissolved oxygen maintains about 7mg/l.Turbot fasting 24h before on-test.Select size evenly (31.09 ± 0.13g), athletic young turbot, Random assignment in 6 breeding barrels (2 test processed group, often organize 3 repetitions), every barrel of 16 tails.The every day of bait throwing in 2 times sooner or later (08 ﹕ 30,18 ﹕ 30), reach the level of being satiated with food, throw something and feed 30min after terminating, the residual bait of sucking-off and ight soil.Test carries out 9 weeks altogether.
3 sample collections and chemical analysis
After culture experiment terminates, weigh every barrel of fish body gross weight respectively, record fish body number, calculates the average weight of every barrel of turbot.Get 5 ~ 7 tail fishes for body conventional analysis for every barrel, after this, randomly draw 6 tail turbot for every barrel, measure its body weight, body length and viscera weights respectively, to calculate coefficient of condition and dirty body ratio.Fish body and the analysis of feed conventional ingredient all adopt the method for AOAC (2000).
All data acquisition one-way analysis of variances (ANOVA), between process time significant difference (P<0.05), carry out multiple comparison analyse with Tukey ' s inspection.All statistical analyses are all carried out in SPSS 11.0 software.
4 result of the tests
Note: in table, data are mean value (n=3), the different English Superscript letters in the same row upper right corner represents that there were significant differences (P<0.05).
as.E.M.: standard error.
baNOVA (One-way analysis of variance): one-way analysis of variance.
Shown by above result of the test, the low meal compound feed of environmental protection turbot provided by the invention is compared with general turbot mixed feed, turbot grazing rate, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, PER, coefficient of condition and dirty body ratio is all without significant difference, illustrate that turbot mixed feed of the present invention has no adverse effects to the upgrowth situation of turbot significantly reducing under fish meal level condition, and considerably reduce the production cost of turbot.
Embodiment 2:
1, feed prepares:
The low meal compound feed of turbot according to following weight percentages of components preparation environmental protection: Peru's steam fish meal 24.5%, FSPC 35%, enzymolysis fish meal 2.5%, mussel meat 2.0%, scallop edge 1.5%, Strong flour 19.5%, soybean lecithin 1.0%, fish oil 4.5%, soya-bean oil 4.5%, taurine 0.7%, VBT 0.3%, non-starch polysaccharide enzyme 0.2%, phytase 0.15%, glucurone 0.1%, compounded amino acid blend 2.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5%, fish multidimensional 0.15%, fish grandidierite 0.4%.
According to the conventional turbot mixed feed of following weight percentages of components preparation as a control group 1: Peru's steam fish meal 61.0%, Soybean Meal 12%, Strong flour 14%, soybean lecithin 1.5%, fish oil 5%, soya-bean oil 5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5%, fish multidimensional 0.2%, fish grandidierite 0.8%.
According to following weight percentages of components preparation turbot mixed feed as a control group 2: Peru's steam fish meal 24.5%, FSPC 35%, enzymolysis fish meal 2.5%, mussel meat 2.0%, scallop edge 1.5%, Strong flour: 20.95%, soybean lecithin 1.0%, fish oil 4.5%, soya-bean oil 4.5%, compounded amino acid blend 2.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5%, fish multidimensional 0.15%, fish grandidierite 0.4%.
These 3 kinds of test feed preparation processes are identical with embodiment 1.
2, process of the test:
Select size evenly (31.09 ± 0.13g), athletic young turbot, Random assignment in 9 breeding barrels (3 test processed group, often organize 3 repetitions), every barrel of 60 tails.Test adopt breeding barrel (cumulative volume 1000L) to be glass fibre bucket.The every day of bait throwing in 2 times sooner or later (08 ﹕ 30,18 ﹕ 30), reach the level of being satiated with food, throw something and feed 30min after terminating, the residual bait of sucking-off and ight soil.Test carries out 8 weeks altogether.After raising and train 8 weeks, turbot average weight is respectively 94.32 ± 4.12g.Get from each aquarium the aquarium that a tail experiment fish puts into indoor 60 20L respectively at random, separately establish 2 aquariums (only have seawater and without experiment fish interior) as blank simultaneously.Experiment fish after the hunger of 2 days adapts to, to measure under starvation ammonia nitrogen and titanium pigment excretion rate in 24hr in aquarium.Then be satiated with food and throw something and feed, cleaning aquarium also changes water, METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION ingest after ammonia nitrogen and titanium pigment excretion rate in 48hr.Experimental session keeps hydrostatic, oxygenation, water temperature 18 DEG C, and in 4hr, 8hr, 12hr, 16hr, 24hr, 32hr respectively change water once on a full stomach.Get 100ml water sample at every turn before changing water, and deposit in-20 DEG C of refrigerators to be measured immediately.After experiment terminates, determination experiment fish body weight.In water sample, the mensuration of ammonia nitrogen adopts sodium hypobromite oxidizing process, titanium pigment (PO
4 3--P) mensuration adopt Molybdenum Blue Colorimetric Method.
3, result of the test:
Note: in table be the standard errors that average and 3 repeat to data; Subscripts different after average represents significant difference; ANOVA represents one-way analysis of variance.
Shown by above result of the test, the low meal compound feed of environmental protection turbot provided by the invention and general turbot mixed feed and do not add non-starch polysaccharide enzyme and compare with the mixed feed of the additives such as phytase, significantly can reduce ammonia nitrogen and titanium pigment excretion rate under the hungry and fed state of turbot, and substantially improve breeding water body environment thus, decrease breeding environment and pollute.
Embodiment 3
The low meal compound feed of turbot according to following weight percentages of components preparation environmental protection: Peru's steam fish meal 18%; FSPC 42%; enzymolysis fish meal 2.5%; mussel meat 2.0%, scallop edge 1.5%, Strong flour 14.6%; soybean lecithin 0.5%; fish oil 6%, soya-bean oil 6%, taurine 1.7%; VBT 0.4%; non-starch polysaccharide enzyme 0.15%, phytase 0.1%, glucurone 0.1%; compounded amino acid blend 2.9%; calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.8%, fish multidimensional 0.15%, fish grandidierite 0.6%.
In Qingdao seven, good bio tech ltd produces this low fish meal turbot mixed feed, and production technology mainly comprises that puffing granulator under batching, mixed once, ultramicro grinding (100% crosses 80 orders), secondary mixing, modulation (105 DEG C) 45 seconds, 92 DEG C conditions is granulated, dried, cooling and packing.
Use the mixed feed described in above embodiment 3, the 3-12 month in 2009, turbot plant of large Pearl Mountain Zhen Gu Zhen Ying village carried out large-scale farming test in Jiaonan City, carried out cultivation contrast test as a control group with certain commercial brand feed (fish meal consumption 50%).Test young turbot is the same a collection of seedling seedling of artificial culture then.Feed 2 every day to be satiated with food (08 ﹕ 30,18 ﹕ 30).Test adopts the cement pit of diameter 5m, and totally 6 cement pits, often kind of feed throws something and feeds 3 net cages respectively as 3 repetitions.Experimental session ocean temperature is at 18.0 ± 0.5 DEG C, and salinity is 28.5 ‰, and dissolved oxygen maintains about 5mg/l.Test carries out 40 weeks altogether.Result of the test is as follows:
Shown by above result of the test, the low meal compound feed of turbot of environmental protection provided by the invention is compared with general business turbot mixed feed, effectively can reduce the cost (being about 9.3%) of mixed feed, thus reduce aquaculture cost, alleviate financial burden, effectively can reduce the nitrogen phosphorus excretion in turbot breeding process simultaneously.
Claims (4)
1. the low meal compound feed of turbot, it is characterized in that, the low meal compound feed of described turbot contains the component of following percentage by weight: fish meal 12.5 ~ 24.5%, FSPC 35 ~ 50%, enzymolysis fish meal 2.5 ~ 4%, mussel meat 1.0 ~ 2.0%, scallop edge albumen 1.0 ~ 2.0%, Strong flour 12 ~ 25%, soybean lecithin 0.5 ~ 1.0%, fish oil 4.5 ~ 10%, soya-bean oil 4.5 ~ 10%, taurine 0.7 ~ 2.1%, VBT 0.2 ~ 0.6%, non-starch polysaccharide enzyme 0.1 ~ 0.2%, phytase 0.05 ~ 0.15%, glucurone 0.05 ~ 0.15%, compounded amino acid blend 2.5 ~ 3.3%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 ~ 1.0%, fish multidimensional 0.1 ~ 0.2%, fish grandidierite 0.4 ~ 0.8%.
2. mixed feed as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described mixed feed contains the component of following percentage by weight: fish meal 12.5, FSPC 48%, enzymolysis fish meal 2.5%, mussel meat 1.5%, scallop edge albumen 1.5%, Strong flour 12%, soybean lecithin 0.5%, fish oil 8%, soya-bean oil 8%, taurine 2.1%, VBT 0.45%, non-starch polysaccharide enzyme 0.15%, phytase 0.15%, glucurone 0.15%, compounded amino acid blend 3.3%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.0%, fish multidimensional 0.2%, fish grandidierite 0.8%.
3. mixed feed as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described compounded amino acid blend is the mixture of lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan and glycine.
4. mixed feed as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the component of described compounded amino acid blend is composed as follows: 1B 55%, DL-METHIONINE 25%, threonine 10%, tryptophan 5%, glycine 5%.
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Application publication date: 20151014 |