CN111296687B - Compound feed for improving body shape of grass goldfish and application thereof - Google Patents
Compound feed for improving body shape of grass goldfish and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111296687B CN111296687B CN202010200573.4A CN202010200573A CN111296687B CN 111296687 B CN111296687 B CN 111296687B CN 202010200573 A CN202010200573 A CN 202010200573A CN 111296687 B CN111296687 B CN 111296687B
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Images
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
A compound feed for improving the body shape of a grass goldfish and an application thereof are disclosed, wherein the feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 16% of fish meal, 11-19% of soybean meal, 4% of peanut meal, 17-33% of bran, 0-12% of soybean oil, 15-19% of flour, 10% of spirulina, 1% of mixed vitamin, 2% of mixed mineral, 2% of monocalcium phosphate and 2% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose. The method for feeding the grass goldfish by applying the feed comprises the following steps: the compound feed is used for feeding the grass goldfish once every 7:00 and 17:00 days, the feeding amount per day is 2-3% of the weight of the goldfish, and the feeding is continuously carried out for 60 days.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a culture feed, belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a compound feed for improving the body shape of a grass goldfish and application thereof.
Background
The grass carp (Carassius auratus red var) is commonly called as red crucian or golden crucian, is the oldest of the goldfishes, belongs to Cyprina carpioides (Percoiformes), Cyprinaceae (Sparidae) and Carassius, is one of four categories of goldfish characters, eggs, dragon and grass, and is popular in the water market due to the characteristics of bright color, strong physique, wide eating range, strong adaptability, easy feeding and low price.
According to the statistics of '2019 Chinese fishery statistics yearbook', the total amount of ornamental fish freshwater aquaculture in China in 2018 reaches 535216 thousands of tails, and huge development potential exists. The ornamental fish and the edible fish have different culture purposes, and the ornamental fish pays more attention to the shape, the body color and the health. The body shape is an important factor for measuring the ornamental value and the market price of the ornamental fish. According to the grading standard of the goldfish (SC/T5706-. Besides the optimized fish species, the indexes, especially the body shape indexes, can be optimized and improved in the culture process by improving the feed, so that the proportion of the goldfish meeting the first-class standard is increased, and the culture benefit is further increased.
The fat is one of main nutrient substances necessary for the survival, growth and development of the fish, can supply essential fatty acid besides providing energy, saves protein, and is convenient for the absorption of vitamins as a solvent of fat-soluble vitamins. In the process of culturing the goldfish, when the fat content in the feed is insufficient, deficiency of essential fatty acid and fat-soluble vitamins occurs, which is manifested by slow growth, emaciation and disease resistance of the fish and metabolic disturbance of the fish. However, when the fat content in the feed is too high, the fat deposition of the fish body is increased, the body shape is too fat to lose the unique ornamental value, and the growth and health are influenced, so that how to provide the compound feed capable of improving the body shape of the goldfish to improve the breeding benefit of the goldfish becomes an urgent problem to be solved in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a compound feed for improving the body shape of a goldfish, and an application thereof, wherein the compound feed can improve the growth performance of the goldfish, improve the body shape of the goldfish, increase the ornamental value of the goldfish, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the goldfish culture.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the compound feed for improving the body shape of the goldfish is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: the feed consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 16% of fish meal, 11-19% of soybean meal, 4% of peanut meal, 17-33% of bran, 0-12% of soybean oil, 15-19% of flour, 10% of spirulina, 1% of mixed vitamin, 2% of mixed mineral, 2% of monocalcium phosphate and 2% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
The compound feed for improving the body shape of the goldfish further comprises, by mass, 3% -15% of crude fat and 32% -32.5% of crude protein.
The compound feed for improving the body shape of the goldfish is characterized in that the mixed vitamins provide the following components per kilogram of feed: vitamin A12000IU, vitamin E4 mg, vitamin B110mg of vitamin B210mg of vitamin B610mg of vitamin B122.6 μ g, vitamin C10mg, nicotinamide 50mg, calcium pantothenate 12mg, folic acid 0.4mg, methionine 60mg, potassium 60mg, chlorine 80mg。
The compound feed for improving the body shape of the goldfish is characterized in that the mixed minerals provide the following components per kilogram of feed: MnSO4·H2220mg of O (Mn content 31.8%), ZnSO4·H2174mg of O (Zn content: 34.5%), FeSO4·H2O (Fe content 30.0%) 200mg, CuSO4·5H28mg of O (Cu content 25.06%), 1mg of KI (I content 76.5%) and 19.397g of zeolite powder.
The compound feed for improving the body shape of the goldfish is characterized in that the soybean oil content is 3-9 wt%.
The compound feed for improving the body shape of the goldfish is characterized in that the soybean oil content is 2.5-3.5 wt%, and the crude fat content is 5.65-6.65 wt%.
The compound feed for improving the body shape of the goldfish is further composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 16% of fish meal, 13% of soybean meal, 4% of peanut meal, 29% of bran, 3% of soybean oil, 18% of flour, 10% of spirulina, 1% of mixed vitamin, 2% of mixed mineral, 2% of monocalcium phosphate and 2% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
The compound feed for improving the body shape of the goldfish is further composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 16% of fish meal, 15% of soybean meal, 4% of peanut meal, 25% of bran, 6% of soybean oil, 17% of flour, 10% of spirulina, 1% of mixed vitamin, 2% of mixed mineral, 2% of monocalcium phosphate and 2% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
The compound feed for improving the body shape of the goldfish is further composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 16% of fish meal, 17% of soybean meal, 4% of peanut meal, 21% of bran, 9% of soybean oil, 16% of flour, 10% of spirulina, 1% of mixed vitamin, 2% of mixed mineral, 2% of monocalcium phosphate and 2% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
The method for feeding the goldfish by applying the compound feed for improving the body shape of the goldfish is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the compound feed is used for feeding the goldfish once every 7:00 and 17:00 days, the feeding amount is 2-3% of the weight of the goldfish every day, and the goldfish is continuously fed for 60 days.
The invention also provides application of the compound feed for improving the body shape of the goldfish in the breeding of the goldfish, and further provides application of the compound feed for improving the body shape of the goldfish.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the compound feed provided by the invention has the advantages of simple proportioning, lower raw material cost, stable supply, simple and easy operation and suitability for popularization.
2. According to the formula of the compound feed provided by the invention, specific raw materials are selected and reasonably matched according to a specific proportion, so that the compound feed has balanced nutrition, higher feed conversion rate and low feed coefficient, can meet the nutritional requirement of normal growth of experimental goldfish living in an aquarium, obviously improves the growth performance of the goldfish, improves the body shape of the goldfish, and improves the quality grade of the goldfish, thereby improving the culture benefit of the goldfish.
3. The spirulina added in the feed is a high-quality protein raw material, is comprehensive and rich in nutrition, is easy to digest by aquatic animals, is good in palatability, can promote the growth of a fish body, can increase the vividness of the body color of the grass goldfish and improve the nonspecific immunity of the fish body, so that the body color of the grass goldfish can be improved while the body shape of the grass goldfish can be improved by the compound feed, and the quality of the grass goldfish is further improved.
4. The mixed mineral substance and the mixed vitamin can provide nutrient elements necessary for the growth of the goldfish, and ensure the healthy and rapid growth of the goldfish.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of measurement sites in a feeding effect experiment.
Detailed Description
In order to better explain the invention, the following further illustrate the main content of the invention in connection with specific examples, but the content of the invention is not limited to the following examples. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
The formulations and nutritional ingredients of examples Z1-Z5 are shown in Table 1
Table 1 test feed formulation and nutrient composition (air dry basis) (%)
Note: 1) the Vitamin blend provides The mixed Vitamin fermented product of The following kg of vitamins per kg of feed: VA 12000IU, VE 4mg, VB1 10mg，VB2 10mg，VB6 10mg，VB122.6 μ g, VC 10mg, nicotinamide 50mg, calcium pantothenate 12mg, folic acid 0.4mg, methionine 60mg, potassium 60mg, chlorine chloride 80 mg.
2) The mixed minerals provide The mixed Mineral provided The felling per kg of diet: 70mg of manganese Mn, 60mg of zinc Zn, 60mg of iron Fe, 2mg of copper Cu and I1 mg.
Experiment of feeding effect
In order to better illustrate the cultivation effect of the compound feed for promoting the growth of the goldfish and improving the body shape on the goldfish, the test process and the test results are explained and analyzed as follows:
the healthy grass goldfish for the test is purchased from Tianjin modern morning brightness science and technology group Limited, the initial weight is (85.53 +/-2.75) g, the initial length is (13.67 +/-0.23) cm, the grass goldfish is transported to Tianjin agriculture college, the grass goldfish is raised in a circulating water culture system in a laboratory, and the test is carried out after 4 weeks of acclimation. The 450 healthy grass goldfishes are randomly divided into 5 groups, each group has 3 repetitions, each repetition has 30 fish, and the fish are respectively raised in 15 aquariums with the size of 60cm multiplied by 40cm multiplied by 35cm, and the aquariums are respectively marked with Z1-1, Z1-2, Z1-3-Z5-1, Z5-2 and Z5-3. The raw materials of the compound feed prepared in the examples 1 to 5 are all crushed, sieved by a 40-mesh sieve, added with distilled water and uniformly mixed, prepared into granulated feed with the grain diameter of 2mm by a granulator, cured for 40min at 60 ℃ in an oven, placed in a cool and ventilated place for airing, and subpackaged in sealing bags and stored in a dark place. Feeding at 7:00 and 17:00 every day, wherein the feeding rate is 2-3% of the weight of the fish. During the test period, 24h of continuous aeration is carried out, and water is changed every 3 days, wherein the water change amount is 1/3 of the total water amount. At the beginning and the end of the test, each group of test fishes is counted and weighed, the total length, the body height, the body width, the head length, the kiss length, the eye diameter, the back head length, the tail handle height, the tail fin length, the tail fin width, the chest fin length, the abdomen fin length, the hip fin length and the back fin length of the test fishes are recorded, and the measurement sites are shown in figure 1. After feeding for 60 days, counting the change of the body weight and the body shape.
TL is the total length; BH: the height of the body; BL: body length; BW: body width; HL: the height of the body; SL: the length of the kiss;
ED: the diameter of the eye; LBY: posterior ocular length; CPL: the tail handle is long; CPH: the tail handle is high; CFL: the tail fin is long; CFW: the tail fin is wide;
PFL: the chest fin is long; PPL is ventral fin length; AFL: the hip and fin are long; DFL: length of back fin
The calculation formula of the related parameters is as follows:
weight gain (WG%) < 100 × (W)t-W0)/W0
Specific growth rate (SGR%/d) of 100 × (ln (W)t)-ln(W0))/t
Protein efficiency (PER%) < 100 × (W)t-W0)/(Id×Pd)
Fullness (CF%) -100 xwt(g)/L3(cm)
Feed Factor (FCR) ═ Id/(Wt-W0)
Survival rate (SR%) < 100 × (N)2/N1)
Wherein, WtThe final fish body mass (g); w0The initial fish body mass (g); l is the length (cm) of the fish body at the end of the test; i isdTotal amount ingested (g); pdThe content (%) of protein in the feed; t is the feeding time (d); n is a radical of1The initial fish mantissa of the test is obtained; n is a radical of2The fish tail number is the final test.
The influence of the fat content in the feed on the growth performance of the goldfish and the utilization rate and body shape of the feed is shown in tables 2 and 3.
TABLE 2 influence of fat content in feed on growth performance and feed utilization of grass carp
Note: there was a significant difference between the same column of data for the superscript letter (P < 0.05).
TABLE 3 Effect of feed fat level on the physique of Goldfish
Note: there is a significant difference between the same row of data for the different ones of the superscript letters (P < 0.05).
The test results in tables 2 and 3 show that the weight gain rate, specific growth rate and protein efficiency of the grass goldfish in the Z2 group are significantly higher than those in the other 4 groups (P <0.05), the feed coefficient of the grass goldfish in the Z2 and Z3 groups is significantly lower than those in the other 3 groups (P <0.05), the feed coefficient of the Z2 group is the lowest, Z3 times is lower, and the difference between the two groups is small (P > 0.05). The fullness was significantly higher in Z2 and Z4 groups than in Z1 (P <0.05), with Z2 being the highest. The fullness of the Z3 group was not significantly different from the rest groups (P > 0.05). The activity of each component is more than 90% (P > 0.05). In 15 proportional traits, the indexes are remarkably different (P <0.05) except that the caudal peduncle height/body length and the dorsal fin length/body length have no remarkable difference among the groups (P > 0.05). According to the grading standard of the grass goldfish (SC/T5706-plus 2018 goldfish), the Z3 group meets the first-level standard, the Z1 group and the Z5 group meet the third-level standard, and the Z2 group and the Z4 group meet the second-level standard. As can be seen from tables 2 and 3, the compound feeds prepared according to the raw material formulas provided in examples 2 to 4 can relatively well promote the growth and improve the physique of the goldfish, wherein the compound feed shown in example 3 has the best effects of promoting the growth and improving the physique of the goldfish when the crude protein content is 32.31% and the crude fat content is 9.15%.
Claims (2)
1. The application of the compound feed in improving the body shape of the goldfish is characterized in that: the compound feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 16% of fish meal, 17% of soybean meal, 4% of peanut meal and 21% of bran9% of soybean oil, 16% of flour, 10% of spirulina, 1% of mixed vitamin, 2% of mixed mineral, 2% of monocalcium phosphate and 2% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose; the mixed vitamins are provided for each kilogram of feed: 12000IU of vitamin A, 4mg of vitamin E and vitamin B110mg of vitamin B210mg of vitamin B610mg of vitamin B122.6 mug, vitamin C10mg, nicotinamide 50mg, calcium pantothenate 12mg, folic acid 0.4mg, methionine 60mg, potassium 60mg, chlorine 80 mg; the mixed minerals provide the following components for each kilogram of feed: MnSO4•H2O 220 mg， ZnSO4•H2O174 mg，FeSO4•H2O 200 mg，CuSO4•5H2O8 mg, KI 1mg and zeolite powder 19.397 g.
2. The use of claim 1, wherein: the compound feed is used for feeding the grass goldfish once every 7:00 and 17:00 days, the feeding amount per day is 2-3% of the weight of the goldfish, and the feeding is continuously carried out for 60 days.
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| CN104381670A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-03-04 | 石亮亮 | Compound goldfish feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN107095083A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-08-29 | 天津市晨辉饲料有限公司 | A kind of low nitrogen grass goldfish young stage feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN107173635A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-09-19 | 天津市晨辉饲料有限公司 | A kind of hyperchromic feed of grass goldfish and preparation method thereof |
| CN107212159A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-09-29 | 天津现代晨辉科技集团有限公司 | A kind of body colour that improves improves goldfish feed of immunity and preparation method thereof |
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