CN116355838A - 一种改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法 - Google Patents
一种改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于细胞生物学技术领域,公开了一种改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法,采用C2C12细胞培养,通过棕榈酸及高胰岛素诱导建立骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗模型,利用分子生物学技术检测胰岛素抵抗的相关指标、骨骼肌细胞PI3K/AKT/mTOR自噬信号通路相关的基因、蛋白表达以及自噬相关指标,分析药物改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗及自噬调控。本发明针对T2DM骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗,以调控胰岛素信号转导及自噬因子为切入点,分析五子降糖方对T2DM骨骼肌IR相关靶点的调控作用,通过将现代分子生物学技术与中医药理论融合阐释五子降糖方调控自噬改善骨骼肌IR的作用机制,为防治2型糖尿病的中药新药开发提供新的靶点和理论依据。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于细胞生物学技术领域,尤其涉及一种改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法。
背景技术
目前,2型糖尿病(type 2diabetes mellitus,T2DM)约占糖尿病总数的90~95%,病因病机较为复杂,其中胰岛素抵抗(Insulin Resistance,IR)是代谢紊乱的主要病理基础,也被认为是诱发T2DM的始动因素。IR发生机制非常复杂,近年来研究发现细胞自噬调控功能的异常,密切参与糖脂代谢的过程,并初步证实自噬可通过胰岛素信号转导、氧化应激、炎症等途径造成胰岛素抵抗。因此,以调控自噬改善胰岛素抵抗为靶向开展防治糖尿病药物越来越受到学者的关注。
近年来,中医药在T2DM防治方面研究进展较快,改善骨骼肌IR的中药研究受到广泛的关注。团队从T2DM病机分析入手,根据临床经验归纳及大量文献研究,发现该病多中年后发病,且肥胖者居多,具有肾气亏虚、气化不及的基础,及肥甘太过、久坐少动等诱因,反观T2DM胰岛素抵抗的原因,则主要与脂肪堆积及胰岛素信号转导过程出现障碍密切相关。随着细胞自噬与IR关系研究的不断深入,营养过剩可导致IR和自噬失调已经成为学术界的共识。
自噬(Autophagy),是细胞的一种自我保护性机制,存在于真核生物细胞,属于II型程序性细胞死亡(Programmed cell death,PCD)。自噬对于维持细胞稳态发挥着重要作用,然而过度的、异常的自噬均会损伤机体。自噬异常将导致许多疾病的发生,如糖尿病、免疫系统疾病、肿瘤、神经退行性病变、感染性疾病、衰老等。近年来,以调控自噬信号通路为靶向开展防治糖尿病药物研究越来越受到学者的关注。哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(Mammalian Target of Rapamycin,mTOR)是自体吞噬诱导过程中关键的分子,ULK1复合物(unc-51like autophagy activating kinase 1)是一种哺乳动物丝/苏氨酸激酶,在体内是连接上游营养或能量感受器mTOR与下游自噬体形成的桥梁,磷酸化的ULK1一直以来都被认为是自噬的一个关键调控因子,目前发现mTOR可催化ULK1的磷酸化,这在自噬中起着十分重要的作用。III级PI3K复合体,包括Beclin-1(酵母Atg6的哺乳动物同源物)都是自体吞噬诱导所需要的。LC3的脂质形式,即LC3-II,吸附在自噬体膜上,从而将LC3与自噬小泡联系起来,自噬体中LC3的存在及其向低迁移形式的LC3-II的转化被作为自噬发生的指示器,以上研究结果也为本项目指标的选取提供理论依据。目前,越来越多的研究证实高糖条件能够诱导细胞自噬行为异常,深入研究自噬相关分子机制,可为糖尿病的防治提供新的思路和方法。
许多信号通路都对自噬具有调节作用,其中mTOR是细胞中营养感受器和自噬信号通路上的关键靶点,PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路在细胞自噬中具有重要的调控功能。PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路即胰岛素受体(InR)-胰岛素受体底物(IRSs)(IRSs)-PI3K-AKT-mTOR细胞代谢通路。此通路信号转导过程的任何环节障碍均可引起IR及自噬调控异常。IRSs是一种受体后信号传导蛋白,在胰岛素信号传递过程中起主要作用的是IRS-1和IRS-2。动物或人给予高脂饮食,组织中IRS1和IRS2下调,胰岛素的PI3K→Akt信号通路削弱,诱发胰岛素抵。PI3K是调节葡萄糖转运的关键蛋白,通过催化生第二信使PIP3并激活磷酸肌醇依赖的蛋白激酶1(PDK1)、蛋白激酶C(PKC)、蛋白激酶B(AKT)、糖原合成酶激酶-3(GSK-3)等下游因子,将多种生长因子及细胞因子的信号传递到细胞内,从而对葡萄糖转运起重要的调节作用。被激活的AKT发生磷酸化,即P-AKT。磷酸化的AKT可以直接激活mTOR参与自噬调控。mTOR是氮依赖的负向调控真核生物自噬的靶点,具有丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶活性,可以感受环境的变化,并调节细胞代谢和生长。当体内高糖或者是能量过剩时,PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路被激活,促进细胞合成代谢;而在营养缺乏或者应激状态下mTOR被抑制,可激活机体外周组织细胞自噬,自噬通过消除/降解和再利用细胞内衰老或者失能细胞元件、细胞器和蛋白质,维持细胞内的能量平衡。
骨骼肌是胰岛素作用的主要靶器官,自噬水平过度或不足均会导致骨骼肌蛋白的代谢紊乱。糖尿病初期自噬水平适度增加可以阻止IR进展,当自噬受到抑制时,细胞生存反而受到伤害。骨骼肌自噬受多种途径调控,其中P13K-AKT-mTOR可能是骨骼肌自噬水平调控关键途径。长期高脂饮食诱导的胰岛素抵抗的小鼠模型中,其骨骼肌细胞mTORC1的活性显著上升,自噬水平下降。另有研究还发现,当骨骼肌细胞自噬活性被抑制后,其葡萄糖摄取功能显著下降,提示骨骼肌细胞自噬活性与葡萄糖摄取功能密切相关。
中医学认为T2DM属于“消渴病”的范畴。近年来,中药及活性成分改善IR及调控自噬的研究也取得一定进展。菟丝子主要成分槲皮素可以上调Beclin1的表达,并降低mTOR活性,通过AKT/mTOR途径上调自噬、减少凋亡防治糖尿病并发症。女贞子降血糖的功效则可能与其含有的齐墩果酸有关。研究表明齐墩果酸可改善自然衰老大鼠糖脂代谢紊乱与自噬能力。紫苏子富含a-亚麻酸,多项临床研究表明,α-亚麻酸能增强机体组织对胰岛素的敏感性,改善胰岛素抵抗现象。莱菔子通过抑制DPP-4及α-葡萄糖苷酶发挥其降血糖的作用。同时,有研究发现较高浓度的车前子提取物能够降低小鼠体内高浓度的血糖。
综上,胰岛素抵抗(IR)是2型糖尿病(T2DM)主要的病理基础,其发生机制非常复杂。骨骼肌作为利用葡萄糖和维持血糖平衡的重要组织,是IR的三大靶器官之一,其中胰岛素刺激下的葡萄糖摄取约80%是由骨骼肌完成的。近年来研究发现细胞自噬的功能失调,密切参与了糖脂代谢的过程,其可通过胰岛素信号转导等途径造成胰岛素抵抗。五子降糖方从补肾益气,清化痰浊立方,具有良好的糖脂代谢调节作用。本发明前期分析成果已证实五子降糖方可有效改善胰岛素抵抗的骨骼肌细胞的葡萄糖代谢,但其具体作用机制尚不明确。
通过上述分析,现有技术存在的问题及缺陷为:现有技术中关于五子降糖方有效改善胰岛素抵抗的骨骼肌细胞葡萄糖代谢的具体作用机制尚未见报道。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供了一种改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法,尤其涉及一种基于骨骼肌细胞PI3KAKTmTOR自噬信号通路改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗(Insulin Resistance,IR)的方法。
本发明是这样实现的,一种改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法,改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法包括:采用C2C12细胞培养,通过棕榈酸以及高胰岛素诱导建立骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗模型,利用分子生物学技术检测胰岛素抵抗的相关指标、骨骼肌细胞PI3K/AKT/mTOR自噬信号通路相关的基因、蛋白表达以及自噬相关指标,分析药物改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗以及自噬调控。
进一步,改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法中,细胞活力与增殖指标为:CCK-8法检测细胞活力;胰岛素抵抗指标为:检测上清中葡萄糖浓度;骨骼肌细胞岛素信号转导通路胰岛素抵抗相关蛋白、基因表达指标为:IRS-1、PI3K、AKT以及mTOR;自噬指标为:mTOR、Beclin、LC3-I/LC3-II、ULK1以及p-ULK1;利用光镜以及透射电镜观察不同干预条件下C2C12细胞形态的改变情况。
进一步,改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一,进行五子降糖方的制备和提取;
步骤二,进行骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗模型的制备;
步骤三,对实验数据进行统计学分析。
进一步,步骤一中的五子降糖方的制备和提取包括:
(1)将菟丝子、女贞子、紫苏子、莱菔子和车前子按比例混合,用10倍量的80%乙醇热回流提取3次,2h/次,滤过,乙醇提取液回收乙醇,得醇提物;
(2)加8倍量水加热提取2次,2h/次,滤过,得水提物;将水提物与醇提物混合经喷雾干燥制得颗粒,干预给药时用纯净水制成混悬液;
(3)采用LC/MS方法研究五子降糖方的指纹图谱,确定指纹图谱测定、分析方法,获得稳定的可重复的多成分数据资料。
进一步,步骤(1)中的五子降糖方中,将菟丝子、女贞子、紫苏子、莱菔子和车前子按照3:3:2:2:2的比例混合。
进一步,步骤二中的骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗模型的制备包括:
(1)细胞培养
根据小鼠骨骼肌细胞的培养特点,分别放入培养基,置入培养箱中,于37℃、5%CO2、95%湿度的条件下培养,每2d更换1次培养基;待细胞长到80%,用0.25%胰酶进行消化并传代,每2~3d传代1次。
(2)确定造模浓度
CCK-8检测细胞活力:细胞接种于96孔板,进行相应干预后,加入CCK-8,孵育2h,450nm处检测OD值,计算细胞活力,筛选胰岛素浓度。
(3)细胞分组
正常组:骨骼肌C2C12细胞正常培养;
模型组:棕榈酸+高胰岛素干预24h;
五子降糖方组:棕榈酸+胰岛素+五子降糖方混悬液24h;
二甲双胍组:棕榈酸+胰岛素+二甲双胍干预24h。
(4)指标检测
1)利用CCK-8检测细胞活力并进行胰岛素抵抗检测;
2)利用Western Blot检测骨骼肌C2C12细胞胰岛素信号转导通路的蛋白、基因表达;
3)利用光镜及透射电镜观察不同干预条件下C2C12细胞形态的改变情况。
进一步,步骤(1)中的小鼠骨骼肌为C2C12,培养基包括10%胎牛血清、100IU/mL青霉素和100IU/mL链霉素。
进一步,步骤1)中的利用CCK-8检测细胞活力为:细胞接种于96孔板,进行相应干预后,加入CCK-8,孵育2h;于450nm处检测OD值,计算细胞活力,并筛选用于造模的胰岛素浓度。
胰岛素抵抗检测为:细胞接种于96孔板,制备胰岛素抵抗模型后,用PBS清洗3次,加入无酚红诱导液180μL,24h后测定各组细胞上清液葡萄糖含量。
进一步,步骤2)中的利用Western Blot检测骨骼肌C2C12细胞胰岛素信号转导通路的蛋白、基因表达为:提取骨骼肌C2C12细胞的总蛋白,进行浓度测定;SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,转膜,封闭后与特异性一抗和二抗孵育;利用化学发光法获取条带,并用图像分析软件对结果进行定量分析。
进一步,步骤三中的统计学分析包括:实验数据采用SPSS17.0统计软件分析,结果以均数x±标准差s表示;三组以上均数的比较采用单因素方差分析,多组内两两比较用LSD法检验,以P<0.05被认为有统计学差异。
结合上述的技术方案和解决的技术问题,本发明所要保护的技术方案所具备的优点及积极效果为:
第一,针对上述现有技术存在的技术问题以及解决该问题的难度,紧密结合本发明的所要保护的技术方案以及研发过程中结果和数据等,详细、深刻地分析本发明技术方案如何解决的技术问题,解决问题之后带来的一些具备创造性的技术效果。具体描述如下:
本发明通过分析肥胖者的病理状态,发现肥胖者IR状态与中医“元气不胜谷气其人肥而不寿”观点及肾气亏虚、气化不足、肥甘厚味不得化气而生痰湿脂浊壅积体内的基本特点相符合。基于此,本发明认为气化不足、脂浊壅积与现代医学IR具有高度关联性,故确定了以补肾、泄浊为主要功效的五子降糖方,该方以《奇效良方》中的茯菟丹及《寿世保元》中的三子养亲汤为基础化裁组成,通过补肾以增气化,通过泄浊以去脂浊壅积。由于中药复方的组分复杂,作用靶点多样,本发明以中医理论为指导,通过细胞学实验,观察胰岛素抵抗骨骼肌细胞模型胰岛素信号转导及自噬水平,明确五子降糖方改善骨骼肌IR,对防治T2DM的具体分子机制具有重要意义。
本发明选择的五子降糖方是根据临床经验归纳及大量文献研究总结得出,该方以菟丝子平补肾阴肾阳,女贞子平补肝肾之阴,二者合用使肾之阴阳得补,肾气得充,进而蒸腾、气化推动和调节胃之“游溢精气”、脾之“散精”、肺之“通调水道”,使津液输布代谢正常,则痰浊无以内生。紫苏子降气润肠、消痰,莱菔子消食导滞、化痰,车前子渗湿、利尿、祛痰。五药配伍使肾虚得补,气机得畅、痰浊得化。本发明前期实验发现五子降糖方各剂量组可降低T2DM大鼠的血糖,可改善其氧化应激和炎症反应,并使T2DM大鼠骨骼肌组织中p-IRS-1、GLUT4的表达量明显升高,PTP-1B的表达量明显降低,提示五子降糖方改善胰岛素抵抗与调节骨骼肌PI3K/GLUT4胰岛素信号转导因子通路有关。
本发明根据文献分析及以前期工作基础,提出如下假说:该病多中年后发病,且肥胖者居多,具有肾气亏虚、气化不及的基础及肥甘太过、久坐少动等诱因,而T2DM患者营养过剩可导致IR和PI3K/AKT/mTOR细胞自噬信号通路出现调控异常,五子降糖方以补肾行气、清化痰浊为原则,通过调控PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路蛋白基因表达改善骨骼肌IR,以期为临床防治T2DM合理用药提供实验依据,同时也为防治T2DM的中药新药开发提供新的思路。
本发明通过棕榈酸以及高胰岛素诱导建立骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗模型,利用分子生物学技术检测胰岛素抵抗等相关指标、骨骼肌细胞PI3K/AKT/mTOR自噬信号通路相关的基因、蛋白表达以及自噬相关指标。本发明通过将现代分子生物学技术与中医药理论融合阐释五子降糖方调控自噬改善骨骼肌IR的作用机制,为防治2型糖尿病的中药新药开发提供了新的靶点和理论依据。
第二,把技术方案看做一个整体或者从产品的角度,本发明所要保护的技术方案具备的技术效果和优点,具体描述如下:
本发明针对T2DM骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗,以调控胰岛素信号转导及自噬因子为切入点,分析五子降糖方对T2DM骨骼肌IR相关靶点的调控作用,阐明其改善骨骼肌IR的具体作用机制,为该复方的深层次开发提供实验依据。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对本发明实施例中所需要使用的附图做简单的介绍,显而易见地,下面所描述的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例提供的改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法流程图;
图2是本发明实施例提供的改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法原理图;
图3是本发明实施例提供的五子降糖方对T2DM大鼠空腹血糖的影响图;
图4是本发明实施例提供的五子降糖方对T2DM大鼠餐后2h血糖的影响土;
图5是本发明实施例提供的五子降糖方对T2DM大鼠骨骼肌IRS-1及其磷酸化蛋白表达影响示意图;
图6是本发明实施例提供的五子降糖方对T2DM大鼠骨骼肌PTP1B蛋白表达影响示意图;
图7是本发明实施例提供的五子降糖方对T2DM大鼠骨骼肌GLUT4蛋白表达影响示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供了一种改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法,下面结合附图对本发明作详细的描述。
一、解释说明实施例。为了使本领域技术人员充分了解本发明如何具体实现,该部分是对权利要求技术方案进行展开说明的解释说明实施例。
本发明实施例提供的改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法包括:采用C2C12细胞培养,通过棕榈酸以及高胰岛素诱导建立骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗模型,利用分子生物学技术检测胰岛素抵抗的相关指标、骨骼肌细胞PI3K/AKT/mTOR自噬信号通路相关的基因、蛋白表达以及自噬相关指标,分析药物改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗以及自噬调控。其中,细胞活力与增殖指标为:CCK-8法检测细胞活力;胰岛素抵抗指标为:检测上清中葡萄糖浓度;骨骼肌细胞岛素信号转导通路胰岛素抵抗相关蛋白、基因表达指标为:IRS-1、PI3K、AKT以及mTOR;自噬指标为:mTOR、Beclin、LC3-I/LC3-II、ULK1以及p-ULK1;利用光镜以及透射电镜观察不同干预条件下C2C12细胞形态的改变情况。
如图1所示,本发明实施例提供的改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法包括以下步骤:
S101,进行五子降糖方的制备和提取;
S102,进行骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗模型的制备;
S103,对实验数据进行统计学分析。
本发明实施例提供的步骤S101中的五子降糖方的制备和提取包括:
(1)将菟丝子、女贞子、紫苏子、莱菔子和车前子按比例混合,用10倍量的80%乙醇热回流提取3次,2h/次,滤过,乙醇提取液回收乙醇,得醇提物;
(2)加8倍量水加热提取2次,2h/次,滤过,得水提物;将水提物与醇提物混合经喷雾干燥制得颗粒,干预给药时用纯净水制成混悬液;
(3)采用LC/MS方法研究五子降糖方的指纹图谱,确定指纹图谱测定、分析方法,获得稳定的可重复的多成分数据资料。
本发明实施例提供的步骤(1)中的五子降糖方中,将菟丝子、女贞子、紫苏子、莱菔子和车前子按照3:3:2:2:2的比例混合。
本发明实施例提供的步骤S102中的骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗模型的制备包括:
(1)细胞培养
根据小鼠骨骼肌细胞的培养特点,分别放入培养基,置入培养箱中,于37℃、5%CO2、95%湿度的条件下培养,每2d更换1次培养基;待细胞长到80%,用0.25%胰酶进行消化并传代,每2~3d传代1次。
(2)确定造模浓度
CCK-8检测细胞活力:细胞接种于96孔板,进行相应干预后,加入CCK-8,孵育2h,450nm处检测OD值,计算细胞活力,筛选胰岛素浓度。
(3)细胞分组
正常组:骨骼肌C2C12细胞正常培养;
模型组:棕榈酸+高胰岛素干预24h;
五子降糖方组:棕榈酸+胰岛素+五子降糖方混悬液24h;
二甲双胍组:棕榈酸+胰岛素+二甲双胍干预24h。
(4)指标检测
1)CCK-8检测细胞活力:细胞接种于96孔板,进行相应干预后,加入CCK-8,孵育2h;450nm处检测OD值,计算细胞活力,筛选用于造模的胰岛素浓度;
2)胰岛素抵抗检测:细胞接种于96孔板,制备胰岛素抵抗模型后,用PBS清洗3次,加入无酚红诱导液180μL,24h后测定各组细胞上清液葡萄糖含量;
3)利用Western Blot检测骨骼肌C2C12细胞胰岛素信号转导通路的蛋白、基因表达:提取骨骼肌C2C12细胞的总蛋白,进行浓度测定;SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,转膜,封闭后与特异性一抗和二抗孵育;利用化学发光法获取条带,并用图像分析软件对结果进行定量分析;
4)利用光镜及透射电镜观察不同干预条件下C2C12细胞形态的改变情况。
本发明实施例提供的步骤S103中的统计学分析包括:实验数据采用SPSS17.0统计软件分析,结果以均数x±标准差s表示;三组以上均数的比较采用单因素方差分析,多组内两两比较用LSD法检验,以P<0.05被认为有统计学差异。
二、实施例相关效果的证据。本发明实施例在研发或者使用过程中取得了一些积极效果,和现有技术相比的确具备很大的优势,下面内容结合试验过程的数据、图表等进行描述。
实施例:基于骨骼肌PI3K/AKT/mTOR自噬信号通路研究五子降糖方改善胰岛素抵抗的作用机制
1、发明概述
本发明分析药物改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗及自噬调控:采用C2C12细胞培养,棕榈酸+胰岛素造模,分为正常组、模型组、五子降糖方高剂量组、五子降糖方中剂量组、五子降糖方低剂量组和二甲双胍组,观察以下指标:
①细胞活力与增殖:CCK-8法检测细胞活力;②胰岛素抵抗:检测上清中葡萄糖浓度;③骨骼肌细胞岛素信号转导通路胰岛素抵抗相关蛋白、基因表达指标:IRS-1、PI3K、AKT、mTOR;自噬指标:mTOR、Beclin、LC3-I/LC3-II、ULK1及p-ULK1;④用光镜及透射电镜观察不同干预条件下C2C12细胞形态的改变情况。
通过以上实验,阐明药物通过调控胰岛素相关信号通路和自噬,改善骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗。本发明通过棕榈酸、高胰岛素诱导骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗模型的细胞实验,阐释补肾行气、清化痰浊的五子降糖方通过对骨骼肌胰岛素信号转导及细胞自噬水平的调控作用改善骨骼肌IR的分子机制,以期为临床防治T2DM合理用药提供新的思路和实验依据。本发明旨在基于骨骼肌细胞PI3K/AKT/mTOR自噬信号通路探讨五子降糖方改善骨骼肌IR的分子机制。
2、发明内容
(1)五子降糖方制备和提取
五子降糖方按制菟丝子、女贞子、紫苏子、莱菔子、车前子按3:3:2:2:2的比例混合,用10倍量的80%乙醇热回流提取3次,2h/次,滤过,乙醇提取液回收乙醇,得醇提物;再加8倍量水加热提取2次,2h/次,滤过,得水提物,与醇提物混合经喷雾干燥制得颗粒,干预给药时用纯净水制成混悬液。采用LC/MS方法研究五子降糖方的指纹图谱,确定指纹图谱测定、分析方法,获得稳定的可重复的多成分数据资料。
(2)骨骼肌细胞IR模型制备
1)细胞培养
根据小鼠骨骼肌(C2C12)细胞的培养特点,分别放入培养基(10%胎牛血清、100IU/mL青霉素、100IU/mL链霉素),置入培养箱中,于37℃、5%CO2、95%湿度的条件下培养,每2d更换1次培养基。待细胞长到80%左右,用0.25%胰酶进行消化并传代,每2~3d传代1次。
2)确定造模浓度
CCK-8检测细胞活力:细胞接种于96孔板,进行相应干预后,加入CCK-8,孵育2h,450nm处检测OD值,计算细胞活力,筛选胰岛素浓度。
3)细胞分组
正常组:骨骼肌C2C12细胞正常培养;
模型组:棕榈酸+高胰岛素干预24h;
五子降糖方组:棕榈酸+胰岛素+五子降糖方混悬液24h;
二甲双胍组:棕榈酸+胰岛素+二甲双胍干预24h。
4)指标检测
①CCK-8检测细胞活力:细胞接种于96孔板,进行相应干预后,加入CCK-8,孵育2h,450nm处检测OD值,计算细胞活力,筛选用于造模的胰岛素浓度。
②胰岛素抵抗检测:细胞接种于96孔板,制备胰岛素抵抗模型后,用PBS清洗3次,加入无酚红诱导液180μL,24h后测定各组细胞上清液葡萄糖含量。
③Western Blot检测骨骼肌C2C12细胞胰岛素信号转导通路的蛋白、基因表达:提取骨骼肌C2C12细胞的总蛋白,进行浓度测定,SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,转膜,封闭后与特异性一抗(自噬指标:mTOR、Beclin、LC3-II/LC3-I、ULK及p-ULK1;胰岛素抵抗相关指标:IRS-1、PI3K、AKT、mTOR)和二抗孵育,用化学发光法获取条带,并用图像分析软件对结果进行定量分析。
④用光镜及透射电镜观察不同干预条件下C2C12细胞形态的改变情况。
(3)统计学分析
实验数据采用SPSS17.0统计软件分析,结果以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,三组以上均数的比较采用单因素方差分析,多组内两两比较用LSD法检验,以P<0.05被认为有统计学差异。
本发明实施例提供的技术路线图如图2所示。
3、可行性分析
(1)理论依据充分:T2DM病人肥胖者居多,具有肾气亏虚、气化不及的基础及肥甘太过、久坐少动等诱因,气化不及久则生痰浊,顾补肾行气辅以清化痰浊更切合T2DM病机,本发明所选五子降糖方组方严谨,疗效确切,在临床上主要用于T2DM治疗。
(2)分析基础良好:五子降糖方是本发明的经验复方,具有较丰富的分析基础。本发明分析发现:该方具有DPP-4抑制作用,可以很好的调节T2DM大鼠的糖脂代谢,并有一定抗氧化,抗炎的效果。本发明还发现该方够通过调控AKT/GSK-3β信号通路改善T2DM大鼠肝胰岛素抵抗,通过提高GLUT4蛋白的表达改善T2DM大鼠骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗,通过细胞实验发现五子降糖方可以有效改善胰岛素抵抗的骨骼肌细胞的葡萄糖代谢,且改善作用具有剂量依赖性。这些结果均为本发明打下良好的工作基础。
本发明针对T2DM骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗,以调控胰岛素信号转导及自噬因子为切入点,分析五子降糖方对T2DM骨骼肌IR相关靶点的调控作用,阐明其改善骨骼肌IR的具体作用机制,为该复方的深层次开发提供实验依据。
4、在前期工作中,对于五子降糖方相关的基础分析内容如下:
(1)五子降糖方对T2DM大鼠血糖及氧化应激影响
本发明在前期实验中应用高脂喂养联合腹腔注射链脲佐菌素建立T2DM大鼠模型,实验结果表明五子降糖方可降低T2DM大鼠FBG及2hPG水平(见图3~4)。
(2)五子降糖方可以有效改善胰岛素抵抗骨骼肌细胞的葡萄糖代谢
前期实验中取SD乳鼠的原代骨骼肌细胞,利用高胰岛素诱导骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗模型,实验结果显示五子降糖方可以有效改善胰岛素抵抗骨骼肌细胞的葡萄糖代谢,并呈现剂量依赖性(见表1)。
表1五子降糖方对胰岛素抵抗骨骼肌原代细胞葡糖糖代谢的影响
注:与正常组比较,★P<0.05,★★P<0.01;与模型组比较,▲P<0.05,▲▲P<0.01
(3)五子降糖方通过调控信号转导通路中关键因子改善骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗
本发明前期通过高脂饮食饲养联合小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ腹腔注射制备T2DM大鼠模型,检测T2DM大鼠骨骼肌中IRS-1、PTP1B、GLUT4蛋白表达水平,结果显示五子降糖方改善骨骼肌IR可能与降低骨骼肌内PTP1B表达水平及增加P-IRS-1、GLUT4表达水平有关(见图5~7)。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法,其特征在于,改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法包括:采用C2C12细胞培养,通过棕榈酸以及高胰岛素诱导建立骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗模型,利用分子生物学技术检测胰岛素抵抗的相关指标、骨骼肌细胞PI3K/AKT/mTOR自噬信号通路相关的基因、蛋白表达以及自噬相关指标,分析药物改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗以及自噬调控。
2.如权利要求1所述的改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法,其特征在于,改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法中,细胞活力与增殖指标为:CCK-8法检测细胞活力;胰岛素抵抗指标为:检测上清中葡萄糖浓度;骨骼肌细胞岛素信号转导通路胰岛素抵抗相关蛋白、基因表达指标为:IRS-1、PI3K、AKT以及mTOR;自噬指标为:mTOR、Beclin、LC3-I/LC3-II、ULK1以及p-ULK1;利用光镜以及透射电镜观察不同干预条件下C2C12细胞形态的改变情况。
3.如权利要求1所述的改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法,其特征在于,改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一,进行五子降糖方的制备和提取;
步骤二,进行骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗模型的制备;
步骤三,对实验数据进行统计学分析。
4.如权利要求3所述的改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法,其特征在于,步骤一中的五子降糖方的制备和提取包括:
(1)将菟丝子、女贞子、紫苏子、莱菔子和车前子按比例混合,用10倍量的80%乙醇热回流提取3次,2h/次,滤过,乙醇提取液回收乙醇,得醇提物;
(2)加8倍量水加热提取2次,2h/次,滤过,得水提物;将水提物与醇提物混合经喷雾干燥制得颗粒,干预给药时用纯净水制成混悬液;
(3)采用LC/MS方法研究五子降糖方的指纹图谱,确定指纹图谱测定、分析方法,获得稳定的可重复的多成分数据资料。
5.如权利要求4所述的改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中的五子降糖方中,将菟丝子、女贞子、紫苏子、莱菔子和车前子按照3:3:2:2:2的比例混合。
6.如权利要求3所述的改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法,其特征在于,步骤二中的骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗模型的制备包括:
(1)细胞培养
根据小鼠骨骼肌细胞的培养特点,分别放入培养基,置入培养箱中,于37℃、5%CO2、95%湿度的条件下培养,每2d更换1次培养基;待细胞长到80%,用0.25%胰酶进行消化并传代,每2~3d传代1次;
(2)确定造模浓度
CCK-8检测细胞活力:细胞接种于96孔板,进行相应干预后,加入CCK-8,孵育2h,450nm处检测OD值,计算细胞活力,筛选胰岛素浓度;
(3)细胞分组
正常组:骨骼肌C2C12细胞正常培养;
模型组:棕榈酸+高胰岛素干预24h;
五子降糖方组:棕榈酸+胰岛素+五子降糖方混悬液24h;
二甲双胍组:棕榈酸+胰岛素+二甲双胍干预24h;
(4)指标检测
1)利用CCK-8检测细胞活力并进行胰岛素抵抗检测;
2)利用Western Blot检测骨骼肌C2C12细胞胰岛素信号转导通路的蛋白、基因表达;
3)利用光镜及透射电镜观察不同干预条件下C2C12细胞形态的改变情况。
7.如权利要求6所述的改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中的小鼠骨骼肌为C2C12,培养基包括10%胎牛血清、100IU/mL青霉素和100IU/mL链霉素。
8.如权利要求6所述的改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中的利用CCK-8检测细胞活力为:细胞接种于96孔板,进行相应干预后,加入CCK-8,孵育2h;于450nm处检测OD值,计算细胞活力,并筛选用于造模的胰岛素浓度;
胰岛素抵抗检测为:细胞接种于96孔板,制备胰岛素抵抗模型后,用PBS清洗3次,加入无酚红诱导液180μL,24h后测定各组细胞上清液葡萄糖含量。
9.如权利要求6所述的改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中的利用Western Blot检测骨骼肌C2C12细胞胰岛素信号转导通路的蛋白、基因表达为:提取骨骼肌C2C12细胞的总蛋白,进行浓度测定;SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,转膜,封闭后与特异性一抗和二抗孵育;利用化学发光法获取条带,并用图像分析软件对结果进行定量分析。
10.如权利要求3所述的改善骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的方法,其特征在于,步骤三中的统计学分析包括:实验数据采用SPSS17.0统计软件分析,结果以均数x±标准差s表示;三组以上均数的比较采用单因素方差分析,多组内两两比较用LSD法检验,以P<0.05被认为有统计学差异。
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