CN110464756A - 一种用于调节肥胖机体的葛根芩连汤水提取物 - Google Patents
一种用于调节肥胖机体的葛根芩连汤水提取物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及中医药技术领域,具体公开了一种用于调节肥胖机体的葛根芩连汤水提取物。该葛根芩连汤水提取物,由葛根、黄芩、黄连、炙甘草,经药材配伍和水煎煮而得到;所述的药材配伍以质量份数计为:葛根7‑9份、黄芩2‑4份、黄连2‑4份、炙甘草1‑3份;该葛根芩连汤水提取物应用于制备调节肥胖机体肠道湿热的肠道菌群和肝脏生物钟基因的药物,具有逆转Akkermansia和Lactobacillus菌的作用,同时上调肝脏Clock、Arntl基因表达转录水平,能有效降低机体血清甘油三酯水平,对总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血糖、胰岛素等其他血脂和血糖指标有调控作用,对短链、中链和长链脂肪酸、色氨酸、犬尿酸和大麻素等机体代谢物也有调节作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中医药技术领域,具体涉及一种用于调节肥胖机体的葛根芩连汤水提取物,特别是涉及一种用于调节肥胖机体肠道湿热的肠道菌群Akkermansia、Lactobacillus和肝脏生物钟基因Clock、Arntl的葛根芩连汤水提取物。
背景技术
从单细胞细菌到植物和动物,几乎所有的生物都表现出行为、生理和生物化学节律,这种生物节律与地球自转的时间接近,即约24h 昼夜节律。生物钟主要受周围环境等信号刺激调节,如光照、摄食、温度、湿度等。在高等的多细胞生物中生物钟可以分为母钟(主生物钟)和子钟(外周生物钟),哺乳动物的生理系统主要由一个中央起搏器组成,被称为主生物钟,位于下丘脑视交叉上核(SCN)区域,主要受光夹带;子钟位于外周组织(肺、心脏、胰腺和脂肪组织等)细胞内。生物节律通过共用一套分子机制,由相互连接的反馈回路组成,在转录和翻译水平进行调节人体的生命活动。正向回路包括 Clock 和 Arntl(也称Bmal1),它们是 E-box 转录因子。它们共同诱导负反馈调节因子、Period (Per)和Cryptochrome (Cry)基因组分的转录。Clock突变小鼠表现出高甘油三脂血症,很可能是源于肠道过度吸收与肝脏过度合成。在Bmal1 基因敲除的动物实验中,小鼠表现短期发生寿命改变,增加睡眠时间,改变血压调节,葡萄糖稳态,脂质代谢和脂肪生成。
人类肠道菌群对宿主个体维持稳态平衡起着非常重要的作用。其机制包括:通过它们的代谢,把宿主无法消化的食物转化为可利用的营养成分,调节能量代谢;通过它们消化纤维食物和分解的代谢产物,在宿主免疫系统发育成熟等方面发挥巨大作用;通过肠道菌群的代谢产物和免疫系统共同影响肠道形态和功能的成熟,预防病原微生物的入侵,保护宿主免于感染。肠道菌群对宿主的生理结构和功能影响是多方面的,还有很多方面我们所知甚少。肠道微生物群复杂地参与肥胖相关的代谢疾病的发展,如非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)、2型糖尿病和胰岛素抵抗(IR),因此肥胖是大多数代谢性疾病的基础。饮食性肥胖以及2型糖尿病前期的特征是肠道微生物群的改变、脂肪细胞的附着和肠道屏障的破坏。在肥胖期间,肠道屏障被破坏,肠紧密连接蛋白表达减少,肠道紧密度下降,肠道环境发生变化,微生物组成和与宿主相互作用影响肠道屏障功能。Akkermansia 菌是目前疣微菌属中唯一能在体外培养出来的肠道微生物,在2004年首次被分离出来,作为人类肠道最丰富的菌种之一,占肠道细菌量的0.5%-5%,它能够对肠道的粘液进行分解,以此当做营养来源,也是能够比较容易通过宏基因组分析检测到的人类肠道微生物中的一种,这种细菌的存在与啮齿动物和人类的体重呈负相关。通过测定不同人群的肠道微生物可以发现,2型糖尿病患者的肠内该菌丰度明显降低;动物实验也证明了,Akkermansia 菌可减轻高脂饮食的小鼠体重增加,还可以修复高脂饮食所引起的上皮完整性受损,中和小鼠体内内毒素,改善胰岛素抵抗。肠道失调和昼夜节律紊乱与很多疾病有关,包括肥胖、代谢综合征和炎症性肠道疾病。“糖尿病前期”可转为正常血糖状态,它的特质是糖调节受损,肥胖湿热和痰湿体质是糖调节受损的主要体质类型,当前临床用药双胍类、磺酰脲类二代、非磺酰脲类促胰岛素分泌剂等口服降糖药物,在治疗2型糖尿病过程中周期较长,长期口服不仅副作用明显,而且药物抗性会逐渐增加,预后明显变差。
葛根芩连汤最早在《伤寒论》出现,主要用于治疗湿热所导致的痢疾和腹泻,也有文献报道能改善代谢综合征,降低血糖血脂的水平,具有抗炎和影响肠道菌群作用,列如:李颖萌,范雪梅,王义明,等. 葛根芩连汤治疗2型糖尿病的研究进展[J]. 江西中医药,2013,44(11):75-77;又如:曾艺鹏,冯新格,谷成英,等. 葛根芩连汤治疗对2型糖尿病湿热证肠道菌群影响[J]. 河北医学,2016,22(10):1731-1734.;还如:冯新格,严育忠,曾艺鹏,等. 葛根芩连汤对2型糖尿病湿热证肠道菌群的影响[J]. 世界中西医结合杂志,2016,11(08):1110-1112。
但迄今为止,尚无有关葛根芩连汤水提取物在生物节律方面影响肠道湿热的肠道菌群和血糖血脂及胰岛素方面的标准研究,也无合理运用中医四诊合参技术来考察葛根芩连汤水提取物的药效作用方法。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:针对现有的通过葛根芩连汤水提取物来调节糖尿病前期肥胖病症肠道菌群和肝脏生物钟基因的表达水平,进而研究治疗糖尿病前期肥胖病症,还缺少相关报道等缺陷与不足,本技术提供一种用于调节肥胖机体肠道湿热的肠道菌群和调节肝脏生物钟基因表达水平的葛根芩连汤水提取物及其应用。本发明基于传统的“异病同治”中医基础理论,结合现代疾病机制研究新进展,从肠道菌群的调节和肝脏生物节律基因表达水平两个角度探索其治疗糖脂代谢紊乱,并期望通过葛根芩连汤水提取物来有效调节糖尿病前期肥胖机体肠道湿热的肠道菌群和肝脏生物钟基因表达水平,降低机体血清甘油三酯水平,达到有效治疗糖尿病前期肥胖病症和预防2型糖尿病的目的。
本发明采用如下技术方案,来实现发明目的。
首先本发明公开了一种用于调节肥胖机体肠道湿热的肠道菌群和肝脏生物钟基因表达水平的葛根芩连汤水提取物。
该葛根芩连汤水提取物由葛根、黄芩、黄连、炙甘草,经药材配伍和水煎煮而得到。
进一步地,所述的药材配伍以质量份数计为:葛根7-9份、黄芩2-4份、黄连2-4份、炙甘草1-3份;优选地,葛根8份、黄芩3份、黄连3份、炙甘草2份。
进一步地,所述的水煎煮,包括加水浸泡、加热煎煮、减压浓缩步骤。
更进一步地,所述的加水浸泡为:按1重量份药材加5-10重量份的纯净水比例,加水浸泡30-60min;所述的加热煎煮为:将浸泡后的药材与浸泡水,加热至沸腾,维持煎煮30-60min过滤得煎煮滤液,重复煎煮,合并煎煮滤液;所述的减压浓缩为:将合并后的煎煮滤液在≤-0.08MPa的真空条件下,低温浓缩至1重量份的原生药材得到1体积份提取物浓缩液,即1克原生药材经浸泡-煎煮-浓缩,得到1毫升的浓缩液,浓缩温度为60℃-65℃。
进一步地,所述的葛根芩连汤水提取物,赋形制成制剂;所述的制剂选自颗粒剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、片剂、散剂、膏剂和口服液剂中的一种。
其次,本发明公开了上述葛根芩连汤水提取物的一种用途。
该葛根芩连汤水提取物应用于制备调节肥胖机体肠道湿热的肠道菌群和肝脏生物钟基因的药物。该葛根芩连汤水提取物具有逆转Akkermansia和Lactobacillus菌的作用,同时上调肝脏Clock、Arntl基因表达转录水平,能有效降低机体血清甘油三酯水平,对总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血糖、胰岛素等其他血脂和血糖指标有调控作用,对短链、中链和长链脂肪酸、色氨酸、犬尿酸和大麻素等机体代谢物也有调节作用。
进一步地,所述的肥胖机体,为因肥胖症导致肠道菌群失调的肥胖机体或因肠道菌群紊乱和肝脏生物钟基因改变而引起生物节律紊乱,继而引起代谢综合症的肥胖或高脂血症或2-型糖尿病前期肥胖机体。
所述的肠道菌群,选自norank_f__Bacteroidales_S24-7_group、 Bacteroides 、Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group、unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae、Clostridium_ sensu_stricto_1、Akkermansia中的一种或多种。
所述的肝脏生物钟基因,选自Arntl、Clock、Per3 和Scd1 mRNA转录表达水平中的一种或者多种。
更进一步地,所述的肠道菌群,优选为Akkermansia和/或Lactobacillus菌;所述的肝脏生物钟基因,优选为Arntl和/或Clock基因。
有益效果:
(1)本发明基于传统的“异病同治”中医基础理论,结合现代疾病机制研究新进展,从肠道菌群和生物节律的调节角度探索其治疗糖脂代谢紊乱,糖尿病前期的预防和治疗,本发明所获得的葛根芩连汤水提取物可有效调节糖尿病前期肥胖机体肠道湿热的肠道菌群和肝脏生物钟基因表达水平,并能有效防治糖尿病前期肥胖和胰岛素抵抗。在肥胖后期,肥胖症表现Akkermansia菌(Akk菌)和肝脏Clock、Arntl基因表达转录水平上调,而Lactobacillus菌(乳酸杆菌)下调,这种生物节律和菌群的显著变化将是一个敏感的信号,对于糖尿病前期的肥胖阶段而言,可作为其临床检测的标志物,在糖尿病的防治工作中具有重大的意义。
(2)本发明基于高脂饮食造成的肥胖大鼠体重增加、会引起血液生化指标改变(包括甘油三酯水平上升)和肠道菌群组成与结构上的改变并造成生物节律紊乱(这里表现为肝脏生物钟基因的影响),即高脂饮食会改变肠道菌群代谢以及肝脏生物节律,将过度被消化的食物转化为可利用的营养成分,改变了能量代谢,减少了脂质代谢,使得脂肪在机体内不断积累,造成机体血液中甘油三酯升高。本发明所获得的葛根芩连汤水提取物具有逆转肠道菌群Akkermansia(Akk菌)、Lactobacillus(乳酸杆菌)和肝脏Arntl、Clock基因上调的作用,能有效降低机体血清甘油三酯水平。
附图说明
图1为造模期间大鼠体重、体长、Lee’s指数的变化。
图2为高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠模型第4周血脂指标的变化。
图3 为GQD给药前后血脂变化。
图4 为GQD给药前后Akk(Akkermansia)菌属丰度变化;
其中:C表示正常组,OB表示模型组,LD表示葛根芩连汤低剂量组,MD表示葛根芩连汤中剂量组,HD表示葛根芩连汤高剂量组,SIM表示辛伐他汀组。
图5 为GQD给药前后Lactobacillus菌属丰度变化;
其中:C表示正常组,OB表示模型组,LD表示葛根芩连汤低剂量组,MD表示葛根芩连汤中剂量组,HD表示葛根芩连汤高剂量组,SIM表示辛伐他汀组。
图6 为GQD给药前后Arntl基因变化。
图7 为GQD给药前后Clock基因变化。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但本发明并不限于以下实施例。所述方法如无特别说明均为常规方法。所述原材料如无特别说明均能从公开商业途径获得。
实施例1:葛根芩连汤水提取物口服液剂的制备
药材配伍:以质量份数计为葛根8份、黄芩3份、黄连3份、炙甘草2份。
加水浸泡:将上述已称量配伍好的药材1公斤,按1:8的加水比例,加入干净水8公斤,加水浸泡30-60min;
加热煎煮:将上述已浸泡后的药材及浸泡水,加热至沸腾,维持煎煮30-60min过滤得煎煮滤液,重复煎煮1 次,合并煎煮滤液;
减压浓缩:将上述合并后的煎煮滤液在≤-0.08MPa的真空条件下,低温浓缩至浓缩液体积1升止,浓缩温度为60℃-65℃。
制成制剂;将上述经减压浓缩所得到的葛根芩连汤水提取物浓缩液,经消毒与分装,制成口服液剂。
实施例2:调节肥胖机体肠道菌群的动物试验
一、实验方案
本批次共计90只大鼠,随机分组为空白组和肥胖模型组,空白组给予含10%脂量的普通饲料喂养,模型组给予含60%脂量的高脂饲料喂养,造模成功后,沿用造模对照组(Control,简称C),给予普通饲料。按照体重将模型组随机分为肥胖模型组(OB)、GQD高剂量组(HD)、GQD中剂量组(MD)、GQD低剂量组(LD),辛伐他汀组(SIM),每组15只,给予高脂饲料。给药组以每千克大鼠体重计算药量,进行每天1次的灌胃给药,直到17周。各组动物具体给药情况如下,以下为每千克大鼠体重给予的药量:
辛伐他汀组(SIM):4mg/kg
GQD高剂量组(HD):实施例1制备得到的口服液剂14.85ml/kg
GQD中剂量组(MD):实施例1制备得到的口服液剂4.85ml/kg
GQD低剂量组(LD):实施例1制备得到的口服液剂1.65ml/kg
二、检测方案
(1)血糖和血脂检测:
所有血清样品送往江西省中医院测定血脂成分(GLU、LDL-C、HDL-C、TC、TG与胰岛素)。检测仪器为全自动生化分析仪:罗氏Modular P800(罗氏公司)。
(2)肠道微生物DNA提取以及16S rRNA测序:
采用Qiagen DNA Mini Kit试剂盒法提取肠道微生物的总DNA,使用核酸蛋白测定仪NanoDrop ND-2000测量其浓度,采用琼脂糖检测DNA分子的完整性,结果表明,凝胶电泳PCR扩增产物经纯化、定量和均一化形成测序文库,在Illumina HiSeq 2500平台上利用双末端测序(Paired-End)的方法进行高通量测序(上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司)。
(3)q-PCR(TaqMan)法检测大鼠肝脏的生物钟基因Clock 、 Arntl mRNA转录表达水平:
Trizol法提取肝脏组织中的总RNA,使用 LightCycler® 480 II 型高通量荧光定量PCR 仪,TaqMan 探针水解法对目的基因进行定量检测。荧光基团连接在探针的 5’末端,称为报告基团(Reporter,R),本研究采用的是 FAM,而连接在 3’末端,则称为淬灭基团(Quencher,Q)。
三、检测结果
(1)尿液和粪便观察
与空白组比较,三种高脂饲料喂养的模型组SD大鼠明显减少活动度和饮食,体重增加,毛色经历了一个黯淡到发黄过程,脱毛现象严重,有齿痕,苔白厚腻,还产生了便溏现象,尿液和粪便呈黄色。
(2)西医临床检测指标体重、体长、Lee’s指数,都产生了显著性差异(P<0.01,见图1)。
(3)4周检测血脂的生化指标发现,两模型的胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HLD)都出现显著差异(P<0.01)。体征与生化指标变化对肥胖模型的造模成功有着相同的趋势(见图2)。
(4)第4周造模成功后,肥胖模型组随机分组,第5周末开始给药,于第10、12、16周测定血清的TG含量,在药物对肥胖的干预下,GQD效果显著,与SIM组比较发现,GQD降低TG效果较好,血清的生化各项指标的趋向空白组,其中TG的水平如表1-7以及图1-3所示,同时大鼠的体重也有下降趋势(见图3)。
(5)模型组和空白组肠道菌群门水平上:菌群种类相同,但比例不同。空白组拟杆菌门最高(56.32%)、厚壁菌门其次(40.32%)、疣微菌门(1.99%)次之。模型组中厚壁菌门最高(57.00%),拟杆菌门其次(33.84%)、疣微菌门次之(7.06%)(见下表)。
(6)空白组中:
norank_f__Bacteroidales_S24-7_group 最高(38.59%)、
Bacteroides 其次(17.03%)、
Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group(10.31%)次之、
unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae(4.02%);
肥胖模型组中:
norank_f__Bacteroidales_S24-7_group最高(23.83%)、
Bacteroides 其次(9.26%)、
Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1次之(7.65%)。
其中,Akkermansia 菌在模型组中丰度高于空白组(该结果与既往文献报道有差别,见下表)。
(7)norank_f__Bacteroidales_S24-7_group、Bacteroides、 Lachnospiraceae_ NK4A136_group、unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae、norank_f__Clostridiales_ vadinBB60_group 在空白组中丰度高,具有显著差异;
Akkermansia菌、Romboutsia、Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1、Blautia、 Epulopiscium、Anaerotruncus、norank_f__Lachnospiraceae、norank_f__Peptococcaceae肥胖模型组中高,具有显著差异。
其中,Akkermansia菌在既往研究一般在肥胖者中Akkermansia菌丰度较低,与2型糖尿病呈现负相关。(2018-07-31,Article,10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315565;2018-02-10,Comment,10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315732),在本次检测结果中则相反,Akkermansia菌在肥胖大鼠中丰度更高。
同时,也发现了一些与既往研究相一致的菌群。如 Bacteroides 在空白(2006-12-21, Article, 10.1038/nature05414)组中丰度更高、Blautia、Anaerotruncus高在肥胖模型组中更高(J Ginseng Res. 2014 Apr;38(2):106-15.doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2013.12.004. Epub 2014 Jan 9.)(见下表)。
(8)Bacteroides、Akkermansia、Marvinbryantia、Subdoligranulum、norank_f__ Peptococcaceae、unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae、norank_f__Ruminococcaceae、 Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 在治疗后显著增加;
norank_f__Bacteroidales_S24-7_group、Blautia、Coprococcus_1、 Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group、Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1、unclassified_o__ Bacteroidales 治疗后减少。
其中 Blautia 与肥胖相关,Akkermansia一般在健康人中富集,在肥胖和糖尿病患者中减少。
(9)Bacteroides、Akkermansia、Marvinbryantia、Subdoligranulum、norank_f__ Peptococcaceae、unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae、norank_f__Ruminococcaceae、 Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 在治疗后显著增加;
norank_f__Bacteroidales_S24-7_group、Blautia、Coprococcus_1、 Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group、Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1、unclassified_o__ Bacteroidales 治疗后减少。其中Blautia与肥胖相关,Akkermansia一般在健康人中富集,在肥胖和糖尿病患者中减少。菌群变化与高剂量治疗后一致。
(10)Bacteroides、Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005、norank_f__Ruminococcaceae、 Parabacteroides、Akkermansia、Christensenellaceae_R-7_group 在治疗后增加,而norank_f__Bacteroidales_S24-7_group、Romboutsia、Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group、 Coprococcus_1、Anaerotruncus、Oscillibacter、Epulopiscium、Tyzzerella、 Erysipelatoclostridium 治疗后减少。
其中Blautia 与肥胖相关,Akkermansia 一般在健康人中富集,在肥胖和糖尿病患者中减少,而此研究结果刚好相反。Akkermansia 一般是生长在肠道壁上,对肠道起到屏障功能的作用,该研究结果在模型组中反而大量增加,可能是跟肠道壁受损,大量掉入肠道内粪便中有关。进一步,对肠道紧密连接蛋白Claudin1、Zo1的蛋白的表达量进行了分析,与空白组比较,模型组的表达量呈显著下降趋势(P<0.01,见下表)。
两蛋白的相对灰度值比较(±s) 此外,还对Akkermansia 、Lactobacillus菌属给药前后的变化进行了分析,发现低剂量的葛根芩连汤具有显著下调Akkermansia作用,而高剂量的葛根芩连汤具有显著上调Lactobacillus作用(见图4与图5)。
图4 为GQD给药前后Akk(Akkermansia)菌属丰度变化。其中:C表示正常组,OB表示模型组,LD表示葛根芩连汤低剂量组,MD表示葛根芩连汤中剂量组,HD表示葛根芩连汤高剂量组,SIM表示辛伐他汀组。
图5 为GQD给药前后Lactobacillus菌属丰度变化。其中:C表示正常组,OB表示模型组,LD表示葛根芩连汤低剂量组,MD表示葛根芩连汤中剂量组,HD表示葛根芩连汤高剂量组,SIM表示辛伐他汀组。。
(11)SIM 组和 OB 组中,高丰度差异物种仅有 Bacteroides(OB 组富集)、Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group(OB 组富集)。
(12)从肝脏q-PCR 结果中可以观察到(图6 为GQD给药前后Arntl基因变化;图7为GQD给药前后Clock基因变化),肥胖模型组较空白组Clock、Arntl基因的表达,mRNA 表达的水平上调,其中肥胖模型组Arntl基因较空白组有显著差异(P<0.05),给药后,Clock基因GQD中剂量、低剂量组的 mRNA 表达水平较模型组有显著差异(P<0.05),并且上调了该基因的表达;Arntl 基因辛伐他汀组以及各浓度 GQD 给药组的 mRNA 表达水平较模型组有显著差异(P<0.05),呈上调趋势。说明葛根芩连汤可以上调肝脏生物钟基因Clock 、Arntl基因的转录表达水平。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了详细描述,但其只是作为范例,本发明并不限制于以上描述具体实施例。对于本领域技术人员而言,任何对本发明进行的等同修改和替代也都在本发明的范畴之中。因此,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下所作的均等变换和修改,都涵盖在本发明范围内。
Claims (3)
1.一种用于调节肥胖机体的葛根芩连汤水提取物,其特征在于:由葛根、黄芩、黄连、炙甘草,经药材配伍和水煎煮而得到;
所述的药材配伍以质量份数计为:葛根7-9份、黄芩2-4份、黄连2-4份、炙甘草1-3份;
所述的水煎煮:包括加水浸泡、加热煎煮、减压浓缩步骤;
所述的加水浸泡为:按1重量份药材加5-10重量份的纯净水比例,加水浸泡30-60min;
所述的加热煎煮为:将浸泡后的药材与浸泡水,加热至沸腾,维持煎煮30-60min过滤得煎煮滤液,重复煎煮,合并煎煮滤液;
所述的减压浓缩为:将合并后的煎煮滤液在≤-0.08MPa的真空条件下,低温浓缩至1重量份的原生药材得到1体积份提取物浓缩液,浓缩温度为60℃-65℃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于调节肥胖机体的葛根芩连汤水提取物,其特征在于,所述的葛根芩连汤水提取物,赋形制成制剂;所述的制剂选自颗粒剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、片剂、散剂、膏剂、口服液剂中的一种。
3.一种如权利要求1-2任一所述的葛根芩连汤水提取物的用途,其特征在于:用于制备调节肥胖机体肠道湿热的肠道菌群和肝脏生物钟基因的药物。
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