CN116349629A - Indoor intensified cultivation method for macrobrachium rosenbergii - Google Patents
Indoor intensified cultivation method for macrobrachium rosenbergii Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention provides an indoor intensified cultivation method for macrobrachium rosenbergii, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture. The method comprises the following steps: sterilizing a greenhouse and a shrimp pond, injecting water for cultivation into the shrimp pond, and putting the water into the shrimp pond for 10 months and ten days laterFeeding macrobrachium rosenbergii seed shrimps with basic feed and nutrient supplement for 1 time each day in the morning and at night, continuously feeding for 60 days, and sprinkling microbial preparation into a seed shrimp pond for 10 days continuously; wherein the feeding density of the macrobrachium rosenbergii seeds is 1.0-1.5kg/m 3 . According to the breeding method of the macrobrachium rosenbergii, the reasonable stocking density is set, the microbial system is sprayed, the macrobrachium rosenbergii basic feed is fed, and the nutrition enhancer beef is added, so that the body quality and egg holding rate of female parent macrobrachium rosenbergii are improved, the development of female shrimp ovaries is accelerated, the development time is shortened, and the activity of protease in intestinal tracts of the macrobrachium rosenbergii parent and the oxidation resistance of individuals can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to an indoor reinforced cultivation method for macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Background
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is also named Malaysia macrobrachium rosenbergii, is a main shrimp cultivated in fresh water worldwide, and has been successfully cultivated in Guangdong, guangxi, hunan, hubei, zhejiang and the like, and has remarkable economic benefit. In recent years, the macrobrachium rosenbergii is influenced by adverse factors such as germplasm degeneration, poor stress resistance and the like, and the problems of reduced reproductive performance, slow development of ovaries, low egg holding rate, poor larva quality and the like of female parents occur in the breeding process.
In order to improve the quality of macrobrachium rosenbergii, in the prior art, different kinds, different combinations and different dosages of nutrition enhancers are generally used from the viewpoint of nutrition enhancement of macrobrachium rosenbergii so as to improve the ovary development degree, the synchronism and the egg holding rate of female parents. For example, patent application number CN201910091831.7 discloses a method for improving the egg holding rate of macrobrachium rosenbergii, which aims to solve the problems of slow development of female parent ovaries, low egg holding rate of female macrobrachium rosenbergii, poor larva quality and the like in the macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding process in the prior art through nutrition enhancement of macrobrachium rosenbergii. However, the breeding performance of the macrobrachium rosenbergii is related to multiple factors, and the problems of slow ovarian development and low egg holding rate of female parent macrobrachium rosenbergii can not meet the development of the current shrimp industry, and the problems of slow growth, early sexual maturity time and small individuals in the macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding process are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an indoor reinforced cultivation method for macrobrachium rosenbergii, which is characterized in that nutrition enhancers are added to the cultivation method to strengthen the nutrition of parents and improve the gonad development degree by setting the proper stocking density of macrobrachium rosenbergii in the greenhouse cultivation period, so that guidance is provided for macrobrachium rosenbergii cultivation, offspring seed production and improvement of cultivation technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an indoor reinforced cultivation method of macrobrachium rosenbergii, which comprises the following steps:
sterilizing a greenhouse and a shrimp pond, injecting culture water into the shrimp pond, putting the macrobrachium rosenbergii in the shrimp pond in the last 10 months, feeding the basic feed and the nutrition-enriched beef of the macrobrachium rosenbergii 1 time each day in the morning and evening, feeding 1/2 feed amount each day in the morning, feeding the nutrition-enriched feed first in the afternoon, feeding the rest 1/2 feed, continuously feeding for 60 days, wherein the feeding density of the macrobrachium rosenbergii is 1.0-1.5kg/m 3 。
Further, the indoor intensified cultivation method of the macrobrachium rosenbergii seed shrimps can further comprise the step of sprinkling microbial agents into the seed shrimp pond for 10 days after the macrobrachium rosenbergii seed shrimps are put into the seed shrimp pond.
Further, the greenhouse adopts potassium permanganate and formaldehyde fumigation, and the dosage is 10g of potassium permanganate and 20g of formaldehyde/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The shrimp pond is soaked in 35mg/L strong chlorine essence full pond full water, soaked and disinfected for 3 days, and then washed by clean water.
Further, the daily total feeding amount of the macrobrachium rosenbergii basic feed and the nutrient supplement is 0.5% -1% of the total mass of macrobrachium rosenbergii, the mass ratio of the macrobrachium rosenbergii basic feed to the nutrient supplement is 4:1, and the mass of the nutrient supplement is the mass of dry matters in the nutrient supplement, namely, the mass of the actually weighed nutrient supplement=the mass of dry matters in the required nutrient supplement (100% -water content).
Further, the preparation method of the nutrition-enriched beef comprises the following steps: cutting fresh beef into pieces, adding water, steaming, cooling to room temperature, and pulverizing.
Further, the macrobrachium rosenbergii basic feed comprises fish meal, euphausia superba powder, fermented soybean meal, soybean protein concentrate, fish oil and phospholipids, wherein the basic composition (mass percent) is that crude protein is more than or equal to 40%, crude fat is more than or equal to 6%, crude fiber is less than or equal to 5%, crude ash is less than or equal to 15%, total phosphorus is more than or equal to 1.0%, moisture is less than or equal to 12.0%, and lysine is more than or equal to 2.6%.
Furthermore, the dissolved oxygen of the culture water is more than 7.0mg/L, the pH value is 7.2-7.5, the water temperature is 24-26 ℃, and the air stones can be hung at the positions of 70cm apart from the two long sides of the shrimp pond, so that the dissolved oxygen of the culture water meets the requirement of more than 7.0 mg/L.
Further, before the water for breeding is injected into the shrimp pond, 2mg/L of strong chlorine essence is used for disinfection and aeration for 1 day, and residual chlorine is detected by a residual chlorine detection reagent and is less than 0.02mg/L.
Further, the male-female ratio of the macrobrachium rosenbergii seed shrimp is 2:1.
Further, the microbial preparation includes bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis.
Further, the microbial preparation is used in an amount of 0.3-0.5g/m 3 And (3) a water body.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
1. by adopting the indoor intensified cultivation method for the macrobrachium rosenbergii, the reasonable stocking density is set, the microbial system is sprayed, the basic feed for the macrobrachium rosenbergii is fed, and the nutrition enhancer beef is added, so that the individual quality and egg holding rate of female parent macrobrachium rosenbergii are improved, the ovary development of female parent macrobrachium rosenbergii is accelerated, the development time is shortened, and the activity of protease in intestinal tracts of the parent macrobrachium rosenbergii and the oxidation resistance of individuals can be improved.
2. By adopting the breeding method of the invention to breed the shrimps in a stocking density manner, the macrobrachium rosenbergii can be madeThe female parent body mass is improved by 14.15%, the body length is increased by 3.73%, and the egg holding rate is improved by 17.33%. Meanwhile, the reasonable stocking density is favorable for maintaining good water quality, when ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen reach high peak values, the stocking density can reduce 58.7% of ammonia nitrogen content and 39.96% of nitrite nitrogen content by combining with the splashed microbial preparation, and water resources and cost can be effectively saved before the water quality is stable. In addition, in the present invention, 1.0 to 1.5kg/m 3 Under the stocking density of the formula, beef is adopted as a nutrition enhancer to carry out nutrition enhancement on the parent shrimps, the male and female proportion is set to be 2:1, the macrobrachium rosenbergii basic feed is fed every day, and the beef is added, so that the quality of the macrobrachium rosenbergii female shrimps is improved by 28.4%, and the results of the ovarian tissue sections show that the ovaries of the beef group are in the ovaries of stage IV (later development), the ovaries are large in volume, golden in color and high in maturity, therefore, the development of the ovaries of the female shrimps can be quickened, the development time is shortened, and the vitality of protease in the intestinal tracts of the macrobrachium rosenbergii parent and the oxidation resistance of individuals can be improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application, illustrate and explain the application and are not to be construed as limiting the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of measurement of the body weight of the powder of the female macrobrachium rosenbergii cultured in examples 1-2 and comparative example 1;
FIG. 2 shows the body length measurement results of the giant freshwater prawn female prawns bred in examples 1-2 and comparative example 1;
FIG. 3 shows the results of measuring the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in water in the indoor intensified cultivation of macrobrachium rosenbergii in examples 1, 3, 4 and 5;
FIG. 4 shows the results of measuring the nitrite nitrogen concentration in water during the indoor intensive cultivation of macrobrachium rosenbergii in examples 1, 3, 4 and 5;
FIG. 5 shows the results of the egg holding rate measurement of the female macrobrachium rosenbergii of examples 1-2 and comparative example 1;
FIG. 6 shows the results of the parent body weight measurement of macrobrachium rosenbergii of example 1 and comparative examples 2-4;
FIG. 7 shows the results of measurement of the ovarian histological features (. Times.200) of Macrobrachium rosenbergii cultured in example 1;
FIG. 8 is a measurement result of the ovary histological features (X200) of macrobrachium rosenbergii cultured in comparative example 2;
FIG. 9 is a measurement result of the ovary histological features (X200) of macrobrachium rosenbergii cultured in comparative example 3;
FIG. 10 is a measurement result of the ovary histological features (X200) of macrobrachium rosenbergii cultured in comparative example 4;
FIG. 11 is the results of the protease activity test in the intestinal tracts of the female parent of Macrobrachium rosenbergii cultured in example 1 and comparative examples 2-4;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the results of measurement of the total superoxide dismutase activity of the serum of Macrobrachium rosenbergii cultured in example 1 and comparative examples 2-4;
FIG. 13 is a measurement result of serum catalase activity of macrobrachium rosenbergii cultured in example 1 and comparative examples 2 to 4;
FIG. 14 shows the results of measuring the total antioxidant capacity of the serum of Macrobrachium rosenbergii cultured in example 1 and comparative examples 2 to 4.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the invention, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the invention described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present invention. The specification and examples of the present invention are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean an inclusion, but not limited to.
The term "room temperature" as used herein means 25.+ -. 2 ℃ unless otherwise specified.
The invention provides an indoor reinforced cultivation method of macrobrachium rosenbergii, which comprises the following steps:
sterilizing a greenhouse and a shrimp pond, injecting culture water into the shrimp pond, putting macrobrachium rosenbergii in the shrimp pond in the last 10 months (the temperature difference between an external pond and the greenhouse water is not more than 3 ℃), feeding macrobrachium rosenbergii basic feed and nutrition enhancers every day, feeding 1/2 feed amount every morning and evening, feeding nutrition enhancers every afternoon, feeding the rest 1/2 feed, and continuously feeding for 60 days; the feeding density of the macrobrachium rosenbergii seeds is 1.0-1.5kg/m 3 。
In the embodiment of the invention, the indoor intensified cultivation method of the macrobrachium rosenbergii seed shrimps can further comprise the step of sprinkling microbial agents into the macrobrachium rosenbergii seed shrimp pond for 10 days after throwing the macrobrachium rosenbergii seed shrimps into the macrobrachium rosenbergii pond.
In principle, the method for sterilizing the greenhouse and the shrimp pond is not particularly limited, and in the embodiment of the invention, the greenhouse is fumigated and sterilized by potassium permanganate and formaldehyde, and the dosage of the potassium permanganate and the formaldehyde is 10 g/m and 20 g/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the By a means ofThe shrimp pond is soaked in 35mg/L strong chlorine essence full pond water for 3 days, and then washed by clean water.
In the embodiment of the invention, the greenhouse shrimp pond is a cement pond, the size of the greenhouse shrimp pond is 5.5m long, 3.0m wide and 1.0m high, the actual water depth in each shrimp pond in the cultivation process is 0.7m, and the effective water body is 11.55m 3 。
In the embodiment of the invention, the daily total feeding amount of the macrobrachium rosenbergii basic feed and the nutrient supplement is 0.5% -1% of the total mass of macrobrachium rosenbergii seed shrimp, the mass ratio of the macrobrachium rosenbergii basic feed to the nutrient supplement is 4:1, and the mass of the nutrient supplement is the mass of dry matters in the nutrient supplement, namely the mass of the actually weighed nutrient supplement = the mass of dry matters in the required nutrient supplement (100% -water content).
In the embodiment of the invention, the nutrient supplement is beef, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps: cutting 500g of fresh beef into pieces, adding 1L of water, steaming in boiling water for 20min, cooling to room temperature, cutting into small pieces with the particle size of 0.2-0.3cm by a knife, and testing the water content to be 76.2%, wherein the mass of the actually weighed nutrient supplement is equal to the mass of dry matters in the required nutrient supplement (100% -76.2%).
In the embodiment of the invention, the macrobrachium rosenbergii basic feed comprises fish meal, euphausia superba powder, fermented soybean meal, soybean protein concentrate, fish oil and phospholipids, wherein the basic components (mass percent) are that crude protein is more than or equal to 40%, crude fat is more than or equal to 6%, crude fiber is less than or equal to 5%, crude ash is less than or equal to 15%, total phosphorus is more than or equal to 1.0%, moisture is less than or equal to 12.0%, and lysine is more than or equal to 2.6%.
In the embodiment of the invention, the dissolved oxygen of the culture water is more than 7.0mg/L, the pH value is 7.2-7.5, the water temperature is 24-26 ℃, and the air stones can be hung at the positions of 70cm of the two long sides of the shrimp pond, so that the dissolved oxygen of the culture water meets the requirement of more than 7.0mg/L, and the 1.2 m wide net sheets are hung at the positions of 30cm and 50cm deep of the shrimp pond.
In the embodiment of the invention, 2mg/L of strong chlorine essence is used for disinfection and aeration for 1 day before the water for cultivation is injected into a shrimp pond, and residual chlorine is detected by a residual chlorine detection reagent and can be used only when the residual chlorine is less than 0.02mg/L.
In the embodiment of the invention, the male-female ratio of the fed macrobrachium rosenbergii is 2:1.
In the embodiment of the invention, the microbial preparation comprises bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis, and particularly is a microbial preparation Yumeibao purchased from Yubang biotechnology (Shanghai) limited company, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus licheniformis to the saccharomyces cerevisiae is 1:1:1.
In the embodiment of the invention, the dosage of the microbial preparation is 0.3-0.5g/m 3 And (3) a water body.
In the embodiment of the invention, the average individual body mass of the macrobrachium rosenbergii is 19.7 g/shrimp.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described by the following examples.
Example 1
The greenhouse is fumigated and disinfected by potassium permanganate and formaldehyde with the dosage of 10g potassium permanganate and 20g formaldehyde/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The shrimp pond is a cement pond, the size of the shrimp pond is 5.5m, the width of the shrimp pond is 3.0m, and the height of the shrimp pond is 1.0m, the shrimp pond is fully soaked in water by 35mg/L of the strong chlorine essence, and after 3 days of soaking and disinfection, the shrimp pond is flushed with clean water;
sterilizing and aerating the breeding water with 2mg/L strong chlorine essence for 1 day, detecting with residual chlorine detecting reagent, hanging 1.2 m wide net sheet at the positions of 30cm and 50cm deep in the shrimp pond, hanging air stones at intervals of 70cm on two long sides of the pond, injecting the breeding water (with dissolved oxygen of 7.3mg/L, pH value of 7.4 and water temperature of 26 ℃) into the shrimp pond, water depth of 0.7m and effective water volume of 11.55m 3 Feeding macrobrachium rosenbergii with a male-female ratio of 2:1 into a macrobrachium rosenbergii pond on 10 months 5 days (the temperature difference between an external pond and greenhouse water is not more than 3 ℃) with a feeding density of 1.0kg/m 3 Feeding macrobrachium rosenbergii basic feed (basic composition (mass percentage) with the mass ratio of 4:1 every day, wherein the basic composition comprises 40% of crude protein, 6% of crude fat, 4% of crude fiber, 13% of crude ash, 1.5% of total phosphorus, 11.6% of water and 2.9% of lysine) and nutrient supplement (beef), the total daily feeding amount is 1% of the total mass of macrobrachium rosenbergii, 1/2 feed amount is fed in the morning and 1/2 feed amount is fed in the evening, the nutrient supplement is fed first in the afternoon, the rest 1/2 feed is fed, the feed is fed continuously for 60 days, the 1 st day of breeding of the macrobrachium rosenbergii is fed into a pond, and the microbial preparation Yumeibao (bacillus subtilis is sprayed into a pond at the same timeBacillus, bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae mixture) in an amount of 0.3g/m 3 The water body is continuously sprayed for 10 days.
Example 2
The difference is that the dosing density is 1.5kg/m as in example 1 3 。
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is only that the step of sprinkling the microbial agent into the shrimp pond is omitted, specifically:
the greenhouse is fumigated and disinfected by potassium permanganate and formaldehyde with the dosage of 10g potassium permanganate and 20g formaldehyde/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The shrimp pond is a cement pond, the size of the shrimp pond is 5.5m, the width of the shrimp pond is 3.0m, and the height of the shrimp pond is 1.0m, the shrimp pond is fully soaked in water by 35mg/L of the strong chlorine essence, and after 3 days of soaking and disinfection, the shrimp pond is flushed with clean water;
sterilizing and aerating the breeding water with 2mg/L strong chlorine essence for 1 day, detecting with residual chlorine detecting reagent, hanging 1.2 m wide net sheet at the positions of 30cm and 50cm deep in the shrimp pond, hanging air stones at intervals of 70cm on two long sides of the pond, injecting the breeding water (with dissolved oxygen of 7.3mg/L, pH value of 7.4 and water temperature of 26 ℃) into the shrimp pond, water depth of 0.7m and effective water volume of 11.55m 3 Feeding Macrobrachium rosenbergii with a male-female ratio of 2:1 into a pond for 10 months (temperature difference between the pond and greenhouse water is not more than 3 ℃) with a feeding density of 1.0kg/m 3 The macrobrachium rosenbergii basic feed (basic composition (mass percent) with the mass ratio of 4:1 is fed every day, wherein 48% of crude protein, 6% of crude fat, 4% of crude fiber, 13% of crude ash, 1.5% of total phosphorus, 11.6% of water and 2.9% of lysine) and nutrient supplement (beef) are fed, the total daily feeding amount is 1% of the total mass of macrobrachium rosenbergii, 1/2 feed amount is fed every morning and evening, the nutrient supplement is fed first in the afternoon, the rest 1/2 feed is fed again, and the feeding is carried out continuously for 60 days.
Example 4
As in example 3, the difference was that the throw-in density was 1.5kg/m 3 。
Example 5
As in example 3, the difference was that the throw-in density was 2kg/m 3 。
Example 6
The greenhouse is fumigated and disinfected by potassium permanganate and formaldehyde with the dosage of 10g potassium permanganate and 20g formaldehyde/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The shrimp pond is a cement pond, the size of the shrimp pond is 5.5m, the width of the shrimp pond is 3.0m, and the height of the shrimp pond is 1.0m, the shrimp pond is fully soaked in water by 35mg/L of the strong chlorine essence, and after 3 days of soaking and disinfection, the shrimp pond is flushed with clean water;
sterilizing and aerating the breeding water with 2mg/L strong chlorine essence for 1 day, detecting with residual chlorine detecting reagent, hanging 1.2 m wide net sheet at the positions of 30cm and 50cm deep in the shrimp pond, hanging air stones at intervals of 70cm on two long sides of the pond, injecting the breeding water (with 7.3mg/L dissolved oxygen, pH value of 7.2 and water temperature of 24 ℃) into the shrimp pond, water depth of 0.7m and effective water volume of 11.55m 3 Feeding Macrobrachium rosenbergii with a male-female ratio of 2:1 into a pond for 10 months (temperature difference between the pond and greenhouse water is not more than 3 ℃) with a feeding density of 1.0kg/m 3 Feeding macrobrachium rosenbergii basic feed (basic composition (mass percentage) with the mass ratio of 4:1 every day, wherein the basic composition comprises 48% of crude protein, 6% of crude fat, 4% of crude fiber, 13% of crude ash, 1.5% of total phosphorus, 11.6% of water and 2.9% of lysine) and nutrient supplement (beef), the total daily feeding amount is 0.5% of the total mass of macrobrachium rosenbergii, 1/2 feed amount every morning and 1/2 feed amount every afternoon, feeding the nutrient supplement first and then feeding the rest 1/2 feed, continuously feeding for 60 days, and sprinkling microbial preparation Yumeibao (bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and saccharomyces cerevisiae mixture) into a shrimp pond, wherein the dosage is 0.5g/m 3 The water body is continuously sprayed for 10 days.
Comparative example 1
The difference is that the casting density is 2.0kg/m as in example 1 3 。
Comparative example 2
The only difference from example 1 is that the nutrient supplement is snail meat, and the specific preparation method is as follows: selecting shelled snail meat, thawing, washing with tap water, weighing 500g of thawed snail meat, steaming in boiling water for 20min, taking out, draining, cutting into particles with particle size of 0.3-0.7cm, making fresh every day, and measuring water content to 62.2%. The mass of the actual weighed nutrient supplement is calculated as dry matter = mass of dry matter in the desired nutrient supplement ≡ (100% -62.2%).
Comparative example 3
The only difference from example 1 is that the nutrient supplement is egg, and the specific preparation method is: taking 3 eggs, peeling, taking egg liquid, uniformly stirring, adding tap water according to the mass ratio of the egg liquid to water of 2:1, uniformly stirring, skimming foam, putting into a steamer, steaming for 5min in a water-proof way, taking steamed egg custard, cutting into square blocks with the diameter of 0.5cm by a knife for standby, freshly making every day, and measuring the water content to be 75.6%. The egg weight is converted to dry matter, mass of the actual weighed nutrient supplement = mass of dry matter in the desired nutrient supplement ≡ (100% -75.6%).
Comparative example 4
The difference with example 1 is that the feed is 1% of the total mass of macrobrachium rosenbergii seed shrimp without adding nutrient supplement beef.
Performance testing
1. Body weight and length of powder
After 60 days of cultivation, 15 giant freshwater shrimp females in the seed shrimp pond are randomly selected for testing:
the body weight measurement results of the powder body weight of the giant freshwater shrimp bred by the methods of examples 1-2 and comparative example 1 are shown in FIG. 1, the body length measurement results are shown in FIG. 2, and it can be seen from FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 that when the stocking density is 1.0-1.5kg/m 3 When the weight and length of the minced female shrimp are significantly higher than those of the high-density group (2.0 kg/m 3 ) The invention has reasonable throwing density and can improve the body quality of the giant freshwater shrimp female parent.
2. Influence on the water quality of a pond of macrobrachium rosenbergii
The results of the changes of the ammonia nitrogen concentration and the nitrite nitrogen concentration in the water body in the breeding process of the macrobrachium rosenbergii in examples 1, 3, 4 and 5 are shown in fig. 3 and 4, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the initial water body and the nitrite nitrogen concentration in the initial water body are respectively 0.2mg/L and 0.01mg/L in the initial period of breeding of the macrobrachium rosenbergii in examples 1, 3, 4 and 5.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, after the shrimp is put into the shrimp pond, the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the water body is rapidly increased, reaches a peak value on the 11 th day, gradually decreases, and after 17 days, the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the water body is stabilized to be about 0.3 mg/L. Never, the following is trueAs for the culture density group analysis, the ammonia nitrogen concentration was increased with increasing culture density, example 5 (2.0 kg/m 3 ) Example 4 (1.5 kg/m) 3 ) Example 3 (1.0 kg/m) 3 )。
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the nitrite nitrogen concentration in the water body changed identically to the ammonia nitrogen, and increased to a peak value on day 17, wherein example 5 (2.0 kg/m 3 ) Nitrite nitrogen concentrations as high as 5.68mg/L, greater than in examples 4 and 3. The concentration of nitrite nitrogen in each density group water body is reduced to the lowest at the 27 th day, and is stabilized at about 0.3 mg/L.
Example 1 (predniso) is based on example 3, and the microbial preparation Yumeibao (a mixture of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and saccharomyces cerevisiae) is splashed, so that the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen content of the water body can be obviously reduced.
The results in FIGS. 3 and 4 show that when the stocking density is greater than 1.5kg/m 3 In the process, the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen content in the water body is high, which is unfavorable for the growth of the shrimp, and a large water exchange amount is needed for maintaining a good water environment. By accounting, comparative examples 3-5, examples 3 and 4 showed 0.83m less water per pond per day during cultivation than example 5 3 According to the water quality stabilization, the water cost is calculated according to the average price of 3 yuan/ton, and each shrimp pond can save 22.41m of water resources 3 The cost is saved by about 67 yuan.
3. Determination of egg-holding rate of giant freshwater prawn female prawn
After 60 days of cultivation, 15 giant freshwater shrimp females in the seed shrimp pond are randomly selected for testing:
the results of the egg holding rate measurement of the giant freshwater prawn female prawns in the examples 1-2 and the comparative example 1 are shown in FIG. 5. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the stocking density was 1.0kg/m 3 And 1.5kg/m 3 When the egg holding rate is 49.03 percent and 54.23 percent respectively, the egg holding rate is obviously more than 2.0kg/m 3 (comparative example 1). The result shows that when the stocking density is more than 1.5kg/m 3 When the stocking amount is increased continuously, the egg holding rate of the female shrimps cannot be improved, and the stocking density is 1.0-1.5kg/m 3 The egg holding rate is highest.
4. Nutrient enrichment effect test
After 60 days of cultivation, 15 macrobrachium rosenbergii in the seed shrimp pond are randomly selected for testing:
in example 1, beef was used as a nutrition enhancer, and in comparative examples 2 and 3, snail meat and egg were used as nutrition enhancers, respectively, in comparative example 4, no nutrition enhancer was added, and only basal feed was fed, and used as a control group (CK group), and the body weight of each group of macrobrachium rosenbergii parents was measured, and the results are shown in fig. 6, and the specific data are shown in table 1. As can be seen from fig. 6, the addition of different nutrients can improve the quality of female parents without significant impact on male parents. Among them, the powder mass of the giant freshwater shrimp of the beef group (example 1) added was 45.03g, which is significantly higher than that of the CK group (comparative example 4).
Table 1 results of measurement of the parent weights/g of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in each group
| ♂ | ♀ | |
| Beef group (example 1) | 53.65 | 45.03 |
| Snail meat (comparative example 2) | 54.30 | 36.06 |
| Egg group (comparative example 3) | 53.29 | 42.15 |
| CK (comparative example 4) | 52.08 | 35.07 |
5. Test of results of ovarian development
The results of the measurement of the ovarian histological features (x 200) of macrobrachium rosenbergii cultured by the methods of example 1 and comparative examples 2 to 4 are shown in fig. 7 to 10, wherein fig. 7 is example 1, fig. 8 is comparative example 2, fig. 9 is comparative example 3, and fig. 10 is comparative example 4. The ovary development of macrobrachium rosenbergii is known to be divided into 5 development stages, namely: an egg primordial cell, an egg yolk synthesis prophase oocyte, an endogenous egg yolk synthesis phase oocyte, an exogenous egg yolk synthesis phase oocyte and a mature egg cell. As can be seen from FIGS. 7-10, the development stage of the ovaries of macrobrachium rosenbergii of comparative example 4 (CK group), comparative example 3 (egg group) and comparative example 2 (snail meat group) is stage III ovaries (mid-development stage), the center of the ovaries is still mainly oogonial, and follicular cells are formed around a single oocyte substantially to form a follicular cavity. Whereas the ovaries of example 1 (beef group) were in stage iv ovaries (post-development), from this stage, the number of follicular cells surrounding the individual follicular chambers increased rapidly, with a larger ovaries volume, a golden color and a higher maturity, as seen with the naked eye. Therefore, the invention can improve the ovarian development degree of the macrobrachium rosenbergii by adding the beef as a nutrition enhancer.
6. Influence on intestinal digestive enzyme and antioxidant enzyme of macrobrachium rosenbergii
The results of the protease activity test in the intestinal tracts of the female parent macrobrachium rosenbergii bred by the method of example 1 and the method of comparative examples 2 to 4 are shown in FIG. 11. As can be seen from fig. 11, in example 1, the activity of protease in the intestinal tract of macrobrachium rosenbergii female parent is significantly higher than that of other groups, and is improved by 1.87 times compared with the control group (comparative example 4), which shows that the invention can improve the digestion and utilization ability of protein of macrobrachium rosenbergii by using beef as nutrition enhancer.
The results of measuring the activity of the antioxidant enzyme in the serum of the macrobrachium rosenbergii cultured by using the method of example 1 and the method of comparative examples 2 to 4 are shown in fig. 12 to 14, wherein fig. 12 shows the result of measuring the activity of the serum total superoxide dismutase, fig. 13 shows the result of measuring the activity of the serum catalase, and fig. 14 shows the result of measuring the activity of the serum total antioxidant enzyme. As can be seen from fig. 12 to 14, in example 1, the enzyme activities related to the oxidation resistance such as T-SOD (total superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), T-AOC (total oxidation resistance) and the like in the macrobrachium rosenbergii serum serving as a nutrition enhancer are significantly higher than those of the control group (comparative example 4), and the results show that the invention can significantly improve the oxidation resistance of the parent macrobrachium rosenbergii by using the beef as the nutrition enhancer.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily conceivable by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered in the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The indoor intensified cultivation method for the macrobrachium rosenbergii is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
sterilizing a greenhouse and a shrimp pond, injecting culture water into the shrimp pond, putting the macrobrachium rosenbergii into the shrimp pond in the last 10 months, feeding macrobrachium rosenbergii basic feed and nutrient supplement beef every day, 1 time in the morning and evening, and continuously feeding for 60 days; the feeding density of the macrobrachium rosenbergii seeds is 1.0-1.5kg/m 3 。
2. The method for indoor intensive cultivation of macrobrachium rosenbergii seed shrimp of claim 1, further comprising the step of sprinkling a microbial preparation into the seed shrimp pond after the macrobrachium rosenbergii seed shrimp is put in the seed shrimp pond, wherein the microbial preparation is sprinkled for 10 days continuously.
3. The indoor reinforced cultivation method of macrobrachium rosenbergii, according to claim 1, wherein the daily total feeding amount of the basic feed and the nutrient supplement of the macrobrachium rosenbergii is 0.5% -1% of the total mass of the macrobrachium rosenbergii, and the mass ratio of the basic feed to the nutrient supplement of the macrobrachium rosenbergii is 4:1.
4. The indoor reinforced cultivation method of macrobrachium rosenbergii, according to claim 3, wherein the basic feed comprises fish meal, antarctic krill meal, soybean protein concentrate, fish oil and phospholipids, and the basic composition comprises crude protein not less than 40%, crude fat not less than 6%, crude fiber not more than 5%, crude ash not more than 15%, total phosphorus not less than 1.0%, moisture not more than 12.0% and lysine not less than 2.6%.
5. The indoor intensified cultivation method for macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 1, wherein the dissolved oxygen of the cultivation water is more than 7.0mg/L, the pH value is 7.2-7.5, and the water temperature is 24-26 ℃.
6. The method for indoor intensified cultivation of macrobrachium rosenbergii in claim 1, wherein 1mg/L of strong chlorine essence is used for disinfection and aeration for 1 day before the cultivation water is injected into the macrobrachium rosenbergii pond, and residual chlorine is less than 0.02mg/L.
7. The method for the indoor intensive cultivation of macrobrachium rosenbergii of claim 1, wherein the ratio of male and female macrobrachium rosenbergii to female macrobrachium rosenbergii is 2:1.
8. The method for the indoor intensive cultivation of macrobrachium rosenbergii strain of claim 2, wherein the microbial preparation comprises bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis.
9. The method for indoor intensive cultivation of macrobrachium rosenbergii strain of claim 8, wherein the microbial preparation is used in an amount of 0.3-0.5g/m 3 And (3) a water body.
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