CN103380761B - Novel Yimeng black pig breeding method - Google Patents
Novel Yimeng black pig breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103380761B CN103380761B CN201310319207.0A CN201310319207A CN103380761B CN 103380761 B CN103380761 B CN 103380761B CN 201310319207 A CN201310319207 A CN 201310319207A CN 103380761 B CN103380761 B CN 103380761B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the fields of animal genetic breeding and animal feeding production. A Yimeng black pig breeding method particularly includes that a Yimeng black pig is utilized as a female parent, a Fengjing pig is utilized as a male parent, the two pigs are hybridized to obtain a Fengyi binary hybridized female pig, then a Dingyuan male pig is utilized as a terminal male parent, the Fengyi binary hybridized female pig and the Dingyuan male pig are hybridized to obtain novel Yinmeng black commercial pigs, the number of the born pigs is 13, the weight of a single commercial pig at birth is 1.4kg, the weaning weight of the single commercial pig is 8.9kg when the commercial pig is 28 days old, and the weight is 19kg when the commercial pig is 60 days old. The daily gain of the weight is 720g in a fattening period, the ratio of the feed to the weight is 2.9, the meat factor is 61%, and the intramuscular fat rate is 3.8%. By means of the method, the performances of growing, developing, multiplying and the like of Yimeng black pigs are greatly improved, and the application prospects are wide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the selection of the black pig in new Yimeng, belong to Animal Genetics and animal feeding production field.
Background technology
The black pig in Yimeng originates in northern Yinan, Linyi Prefecture, Shandong Province, Yishui, three border lands, county, Juxian County, and nineteen eighty-two, the black pig in Yimeng is incorporated into " the Chinese native pigs will " of being organized writing by the Ministry of Agriculture, formally becomes the representative landrace of China.The black pig in Yimeng has " black, the full money of whole body top, cover ear, two back " feature.Fertility is higher, the equal litter size of nest is more than 13, growth rate and fatten performance and have outstanding performance, age in June, body weight was 67 kilograms, fattened 600-620 grams of average daily gains, carcass lean meat percentage 51-52%, meat detects as good, and adaptability is extensive, and resistance against diseases is strong, meat is better, and it is also reasonable growing and fattening performance in landrace.But, from Pig Industry industry development level and Pork Market demand, the development that the growth rate of the black pig in Yimeng and lean meat output have fallen behind the times.
China for a long time, utilize external several main lean meat species product boars as Large White, Landrace, duroc and Hampshire etc., China's Native Pig is carried out to binary and three way cross, or directly utilize foreign kind to carry out foreign three way cross, to improving China's pig industry level of production, the meat problem of eating that solves China people has played great role, obtains significant achievement, China has become world's amount of livestock on hand the first of raising pigs, the country of pork output first.But, current domestic pig industry and pork commodity market, " foreign ternary " pork pig that pure outer kind is hybridized is because its meat is poor and pork taste is not good, be not subject to the welcome of consumers in general and meat processing enterprise, and cause tremendous economic loss, it is reported, the U.S. is due to approximately 3.2 hundred million dollars of the annual losses of PSE meat, only, due to an index of muscular system waterpower decline, just lose every year approximately 1000 tons of porks.The meat of poor quality producing in Denmark market pig accounts for 10% China's domestic goods pig meat of poor quality and also causes considerable damage.In addition, the hybridization market pig that contains 50% Native Pig blood lineage or 50% above blood lineage, because its trunk is more fertile, the slow and food utilization rate variance of growth rate, is not also subject to the producer, meat processing enterprise and pig consumers welcomed.
The seed selection of the black pig in new Yimeng has adopted three product boar hybridization, is respectively the black pig in Yimeng, maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig, Dingyuan pig, this hybrid combination has no report both at home and abroad, new Yimeng black pig hair black, dorsal body setae is not close not rare, and build is the black pig in Yimeng seemingly outward, build median size, growth rate is more than 720 grams/day, and carcass lean meat percentage is more than 61%, and nest litter size is not less than 13,8 pairs of teat numbers, resistance against diseases is strong, and adaptability is extensive, and meat is good.Given full play to the effect in Pig Industry is produced of Yimeng black pig, enriched characteristic Pork Market, to promote growth of agricultural efficiency, increasing peasant income all tool be of great significance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to cultivate and contain the black pig in landrace Yimeng, suitable Linyi, maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig blood lineage and Dingyuan pig blood lineage, nest litter size is many, meat good, have again the black pig in the new Yimeng of kind of high lean meat percentage.New Yimeng black pig hair black, dorsal body setae is not close not rare, and build is the black pig in Yimeng seemingly outward, build median size, growth rate is more than 720 grams/day, and carcass lean meat percentage is more than 61%, and nest litter size is not less than 13,8 pairs of teat numbers, resistance against diseases is strong, and adaptability is extensive, and meat is good.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A selection for the black pig in new Yimeng, is characterized in that
(1) take the black pig in Yimeng as maternal, maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig is male parent, and maple Yihe River two-way cross sow is produced in hybridization, then to take Dingyuan pig boar be terminal male, with the hybridization of maple Yihe River binary sow, produces the black pig market pig in new Yimeng;
(2) feed fermentation: the fermentation of main foodstuff: 35 parts of dregs of beans, 30 parts, wheat bran, 30 parts of analysis for soybean powder, 20 parts of chaffs, 30 parts of swills, 3 parts of salt, 1 part of composite bacteria liquid (by weight ratio above-mentioned).By mentioned component mixing and stirring, and the humidity regulation of mixed material to 55-60%, pile height and be no more than 1 meter, the windrow wide, length is not limit, hides and sternly to carry out anaerobic fermentation 3-6 days with plastic foil, obtains hybridized pig fermented forage;
Wherein composite bacteria liquid is: according to Issatchenkia orientalis bacterium liquid (Issatchenkia orientalis) CGMCC NO:4927 (referring to CN102268382A), ATCC 10876(for example for Bacillus cercus liquid (Bacillus cereus)
new J. Chem., 2007,
31, 748-755), bacillus subtilis liquid (
bacillus subtilis) CGMCC No:0954(CN1554744A for example), streptococcus lactis liquid (Streptococcus lactis) CGMCC NO.0878 (for example CN1530437A) volume ratio of pressing 7:5:3:2 mixes, wherein, in above-mentioned four kinds of bacterium liquid, the concentration of thalline is all about 1 * 10
8individual/mL;
(3) foodstuff is thrown something and fed: when pig grows to 3 kilograms, and fermented forage prepared by the step (2) that starts to throw something and feed, every pig 0.3 kg/day; When pig grows to 6 kilograms, start basic upslide at the fermented forage material that grazes, the throw something and feed amount of fermented forage of every pig is that the amount of 0.3 kg/day, the forage of throwing something and feeding is every pigweed material 0.6 kg/day; The amount of 12 kilograms of stages and above thrown something and fed fermentation material is that the amount of every pig 1 kg/day, the forage of throwing something and feeding is every pig 3 kg/day;
Another object of the present invention is for providing a kind of hybridized pig fermented forage, this feed is not containing chemical substance and hormone, it is all pure natural substance preparation, the hybridized pig meat of feeding is superior, the preparation method of described fermented forage is: 35 parts of dregs of beans, 30 parts, wheat bran, 30 parts of analysis for soybean powder, 20 parts of chaffs, 30 parts of swills, 3 parts of salt, 1 part of composite bacteria liquid (by weight ratio above-mentioned).By mentioned component mixing and stirring, and the humidity regulation of mixed material to 55-60%, pile height and be no more than 1 meter, the windrow wide, length is not limit, hides and sternly to carry out anaerobic fermentation 3-6 days with plastic foil, obtains hybridized pig fermented forage;
Wherein composite bacteria liquid is: according to Issatchenkia orientalis bacterium liquid (Issatchenkia orientalis) CGMCC NO:4927 (referring to CN102268382A), ATCC 10876(for example for Bacillus cercus liquid (Bacillus cereus)
new J. Chem., 2007,
31, 748-755), bacillus subtilis liquid (
bacillus subtilis) CGMCC No:0954(CN1554744A for example), streptococcus lactis liquid (Streptococcus lactis) CGMCC NO.0878 (for example CN1530437A) volume ratio of pressing 7:5:3:2 mixes, wherein, in above-mentioned four kinds of bacterium liquid, the concentration of thalline is all about 1 * 10
8individual/mL;
The black pig in Yimeng has " black, the full money of whole body top, cover ear, two back " feature.Fertility is higher, and the equal litter size of nest is more than 13, and produce and live young several 11.5, growth rate and fatten performance and have outstanding performance, age in June, body weight was 67 kilograms, fattened 600-620 grams of average daily gains, carcass lean meat percentage 51-52%, meat detects as good.The crossbreeding effect that the black pig in old Yimeng makes maternal two-way cross and three way cross belongs to advanced level at home, and their average daily gain is respectively 670 grams and 700 grams, and carcass lean meat percentage is respectively 54-56% and 58-60%.
Dingyuan pig build is larger, large, the sagging nose that surpasses of ear, mouth tube length is straight, back of the body waist is straight narrow, buttocks tilts, four limbs are solid strong, skin, hair black, skin depth, hair is thick and close, winter close raw brownish red fine hair, 7～9 pairs of nipples.Producing region, center is in the Dingyuan County in Anhui Province.Often overflow in the Yellow River, producing region, Huaihe River, Haihe River, easily easily waterlogging of drought, and soil is barren, and grain yield is low and unstable.Crop be take the dry farming such as wheat class, sweet potato, corn, beans, peanut, Chinese sorghum, millet as main.Due to scarcely populated, scattered plots of unutilized land are more, and more the masses raise pigs to adopt and herd or herd the mode combining with drylot feeding, and pig is cultivated and forms under arduouser condition.128.33 centimetres of the boar body length of growing up, 101.33 centimetres of chest measurements, 70.33 centimetres of heights, sow should be mutually: 119.17 centimetres, 103.83 centimetres, 68.17 centimetres.Dingyuan pig distributes wide, can adapt to more extensive raising condition, though growth rate is slower, carcass lean meat percentage is higher.
Maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig skeleton is between plum mountain pig and rice pig.Wholesale is wide, forehead gauffer is many, dark, ear is especially big, soft and sagging, have sharp ears is neat or surpass the corners of the mouth, is similar to large cattail leaf fan.Whole body is by hair black or cinerous, and hair is sparse, and scopular is close, and scopular spacing is large, and skin of abdomen is aubergine more, also has nose kiss white or tail point white.Nipple is symmetrical, and number of nipples mostly is 16～18 pieces.At the bottom of nipple, there is a stain, claim " cloves milk ".Maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig belongs to meat fat dual-purpose type breeding, delicious meat.Precocity, maternal instinct is good, and farrowing is many, crude feed tolerance, strong adaptability.14 left and right of the every tire farrowing of sow.152.75 ± 10.06 kilograms of the boar body weight of growing up, long 150.57 ± 3.75 centimetres of body, 124.0 ± 3.10 centimetres of chest measurements, 75.14 ± 2.49 centimetres of heights, sow should be mutually: 125.76 ± 1.80 kilograms, 143.58 ± 0.66 centimetres, 114.18 ± 1.09 centimetres, 67.96 ± 0.35 centimetres.
Select 60 of the black pig sows in the bodily form good Yimeng good, that reproductive performance is high, require the equal litter size of nest more than 13, breast majority is 8 pairs, and the age is in 2-6 parity, healthy anosis.Take the black pig in Yimeng as maternal, and maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig is male parent, and maple Yihe River two-way cross sow is produced in hybridization, then to take Dingyuan pig boar be terminal male, with the hybridization of maple Yihe River binary sow, produces the black pig market pig in new Yimeng; The individuality of reserving seed for planting require black wool look, cover ear or half drop ear, the two sterns of two ridge, effectively 8 pairs of nipples or more than, 6 monthly age of replacement gilt, body weight was more than 90 kilograms.
, there is proterties segregation phenomenon in the individual underlying group that forms of ideal type, hair color has gene ater individual, genetic heterozygosis individuality etc. after traversed by.Black hair individuality is after coat color gene analysis and detecting, and gene ater individuality can be reserved seed for planting.Prevent that phenotype from being black wool look, the breeding but the individuality that genotype is heterozygote is selected and remain.
The present invention obtains following beneficial effect:
The seed selection of 1 tri-crossbreeding, the selection of male parent and female parent is most important, the application adopts take the black pig in Yimeng as maternal, maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig is male parent, and maple Yihe River two-way cross sow is produced in hybridization, then to take Dingyuan pig boar be terminal male, obtain 13 of the multiparity sow average litter sizes of the black pig in new Yimeng with the hybrid combination of maple Yihe River binary sow hybridization, 1.4 kilograms of birth individual weights, within 28 days, weaning weight is 8.9 kilograms, 60 19 kilograms of age in days body weight.Material anharmonic ratio 2.9, lean meat percentage 61%, intramuscular fat rate 3.8%.
The swill of the main foodstuff of 2 the present invention derives from hotel, dining room, and swill is nutritious, cheap, by becoming a kind of high nutrition, non-harmful feed after fermentation, realizes twice laid.
The pig growth cycle that 3 the present invention cultivate is short, only raises and becomes market pig in 2-3 month, has reduced greatly production and operation risk, and the pig that the present invention cultivates do not feed commercial feed, without hormone etc., is absolute pure free of contamination pollution-free food.
Embodiment 1
A selection for the black pig in new Yimeng, is characterized in that
(1) take the black pig in Yimeng as maternal, maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig is male parent, and maple Yihe River two-way cross sow is produced in hybridization, then to take Dingyuan pig boar be terminal male, with the hybridization of maple Yihe River binary sow, produces the black pig market pig in new Yimeng;
(2) feed fermentation: the fermentation of main foodstuff: 35 parts of dregs of beans, 30 parts, wheat bran, 30 parts of analysis for soybean powder, 20 parts of chaffs, 30 parts of swills, 3 parts of salt, 1 part of composite bacteria liquid (by weight ratio above-mentioned).By mentioned component mixing and stirring, and the humidity regulation of mixed material to 55-60%, pile height and be no more than 1 meter, the windrow wide, length is not limit, hides and sternly to carry out anaerobic fermentation 3-6 days with plastic foil, obtains hybridized pig fermented forage;
Wherein composite bacteria liquid is: according to Issatchenkia orientalis bacterium liquid (Issatchenkia orientalis) CGMCC NO:4927 (referring to CN102268382A), ATCC 10876(for example for Bacillus cercus liquid (Bacillus cereus)
new J. Chem., 2007,31,748-755), bacillus subtilis liquid (Bacillus subtilis) CGMCC No:0954(CN1554744A for example), the volume ratio that streptococcus lactis liquid (Streptococcus lactis) CGMCC NO.0878 (for example CN1530437) presses 7:5:3:2 is mixed, wherein, in above-mentioned four kinds of bacterium liquid, the concentration of thalline is all about 1 * 10
8individual/mL;
Bacterial classification of the present invention all can be bought and obtain from commercial sources such as CGMCC and US mode culture collection warehousings (ATCC).The preparation method of composite bacteria liquid of the present invention comprises the zymocyte liquid (1 * 10 of preparing above-mentioned four kinds of bacterium
8individual/ml), after mixing according to volume fraction, wherein each strain fermentating liquid can obtain according to the mode of conventional cultivation bacterial strain, reaches 1 * 10 to the concentration of thalline in zymotic fluid
8individual/mL.
(3) foodstuff is thrown something and fed: when pig grows to 3 kilograms, and fermentation foodstuff prepared by the step (2) that starts to throw something and feed, every pig 0.3 kg/day; When pig grows to 6 kilograms, start the basic upslide material that grazes at fermentation foodstuff, the throw something and feed amount of fermentation material of every pig is that the amount of 0.3 kg/day, the forage of throwing something and feeding is every pigweed material 0.6 kg/day; The amount that is every pig 1 kg/day, the forage of throwing something and feeding to 12 kilograms of stages to the amount of delivering thrown something and fed fermentation material for sale is every pig 3 kg/day, and it is every cubic centimetre of 1200-1500 that feeding environment keeps negative ion concentration;
Application modern breeding method, has accelerated the seed selection process of the black pig in new Yimeng, has completed seed selection program with the time of 3-4, and has obtained significant improved effect.Before seed selection, being wherein the black pig in Yimeng, is the black pig in new Yimeng after seed selection, and properties improves as follows:
1, the acquisition marked change of growing
As seen from the above table, the forward and backward comparison of seed selection, 6 monthly age body weight, body length, chest measurement, leg enclose and improve respectively 35.86%, 11.04%, 9.08%, 16.22%.The black pig growth and development in the new Yimeng that forms after seed selection is accelerated, and body body is elongated, and during to 6 monthly age, its body weight, body long hair are educated the requirement that reaches bacon hogs, and performance body length, rear dorsal line, rear quarters are plentiful.
2, fatten with carcass quality and reach bacon hogs requirement
Fatten the comparison with carcass quality
Before and after seed selection, relatively, fattening period speed of weight increment accelerates 21.74%, and feed consumption reduces by 14.70%, and trunk is long lengthens 14.02%, and back-fat thickness reduces 12.70mm, and back leg is than improving 42.06%, and carcass lean meat percentage improves 10.5 percentage points, reaches 61.50%.The black hog on hook major traits in new Yimeng reaches the requirement of bacon hogs as back-fat thickness, carcass lean meat percentage.Because the meat quality of the black pig in new Yimeng is good, as yellowish pink 3.02 minutes, marble grain 3.15 minutes, percentage of water loss 15.50%, muscle fat 3.8% grade is all good than external bacon hogs, thereby has more application value.
3, reproductive performance still keeps some superiority
The comparative unit of reproductive performance:, kilogram
As can be seen from the table, the black pig in new Yimeng is except nest litter size reduces to some extent, all the other breeding indexs all have obvious improvement as produced young number alive, nascent individual weight, wean individual weight, 2 monthly age individual weights etc., so, the black pig in new Yimeng is as a kind of bacon hogs strain, owing to thering is reproductive performance advantage simultaneously, will be subject to the favor of vast large aquaculture family.
Meat situation after the special fermented forage of the present invention is raised
| Project | Index |
| PH value | ＞6.0 |
| Tender degree (shearing force N meter) | ≦26 |
| Dehydration power (%) | ≤24.46 |
| Moisture (%) | ≤45.36 |
| Yellowish pink (colorimetric) | 3 grades scarlet |
| Linoleic acid in intramuscular fat (%) | ≥18 |
The black pig in use Yimeng, maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig, the Dingyuan pig three way cross pattern of the selection innovation of the black pig in the new Yimeng of the present invention, solved excessively slaughtering due to the black pig in Yimeng, quantity falls sharply, and this lean meat pig to our province produces to high-quality and efficient direction and transforms the problem that is an acomia loss of retrieving.The seed selection of the black pig in new Yimeng makes this kind on original basis, no matter all there is raising to a great extent in quality or in productivity, for a valuable Germplasm Resources of Local has been preserved in the development of our province Swine Production, promote the bacon hogs improvement of Linyi City and surrounding area, large quantities of populations are promoted in the Ke Xiang whole city and surrounding area.These have not only directly increased the ratio of lean meat breeding in pig kind structure, also will provide high yield, high-quality, efficient hybrid strain for the improvement of lean meat pig simultaneously.And in-depth bacon hogs kind seed selection and breeding technology, promote the raising of livestock technology progress and the level of raising pigs, in selection, paid attention to the hereditation of excellent individual, both retained the breediness of the black pig in Yimeng, guaranteed that again colony's inbreeding level increases in right amount, has accelerated breeding process.Along with constantly going deep into the popularization of boar and supporting technology and can drive the further raising of Linyi City scientific and technological level.Although, above with general explanation and embodiment, this case having been done to detailed explanation, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, the modification done without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention or improvement, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a selection for the black pig in new Yimeng, is characterized in that
(1) take the black pig in Yimeng as maternal, maple river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi pig is male parent, and maple Yihe River two-way cross sow is produced in hybridization, then to take Dingyuan pig boar be terminal male, with the hybridization of maple Yihe River two-way cross sow, produces the black pig market pig in new Yimeng;
(2) feed fermentation: get 35 parts of dregs of beans according to weight proportion, 30 parts, wheat bran, 30 parts of analysis for soybean powder, 20 parts of chaffs, 30 parts of swills, 3 parts of salt, 1 part of composite bacteria liquid, by mentioned component mixing and stirring, then the humidity regulation of mixed material to 55-60%, pile height and be no more than 1 meter, the windrow wide, length is not limit, with plastic foil, hide and sternly carry out anaerobic fermentation 3-6 days, obtain hybridized pig fermented forage;
Wherein composite bacteria liquid is: according to the volume ratio of Issatchenkia orientalis bacterium liquid, Bacillus cercus liquid, bacillus subtilis liquid, streptococcus lactis liquid 7:5:3:2, mix, wherein, in above-mentioned four kinds of bacterium liquid, the concentration of thalline is 1 * 10
8individual/mL;
(3) feedstuff feeding: when pig grows to 3 kilograms, fermented forage prepared by the step (2) that starts to throw something and feed, every pig 0.3 kg/day; When pig grows to 6 kilograms, start basic upslide at the fermented forage material that grazes, the throw something and feed amount of fermented forage of every pig is that the throw something and feed amount of forage of 0.3 kg/day, every pig is 0.6 kg/day; When pig grows to 12 kilograms, the amount of the fermented forage of throwing something and feeding is that the amount of every pig 1 kg/day, the forage of throwing something and feeding is every pig 3 kg/day.
2. selection according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (3), it is every cubic centimetre of 1200-1500 that feeding environment keeps negative ion concentration.
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| CN104542461A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-29 | 重庆富灵子黑猪有限公司 | Breeding method for Laiwu pigs |
| CN105638558A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-06-08 | 凯里市时新酒曲开发有限公司 | Cultivation method for hybridized black pigs |
| CN105994147A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-10-12 | 高启忠 | Method for cultivating robust pig specialized strain by means of yulan black pigs |
| CN109937962B (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2021-09-10 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Method for breeding black three-element mating series pork pig |
| CN114586740A (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-06-07 | 甘肃农业大学 | Crossbreeding method of high-quality pork pig and special pig feed thereof |
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| JPH10304825A (en) * | 1997-04-28 | 1998-11-17 | Eijirou Mino | Raising of pig and its regulating substance |
| RO115100B1 (en) * | 1999-04-21 | 1999-11-30 | Sc Testsuin Sa | Swine line "big white of gornesti" |
| CA2387003A1 (en) * | 2002-05-21 | 2003-11-21 | 984012 Alberta Ltd. | Method for improving efficiencies in livestock production |
| KR20060035420A (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2006-04-26 | 주식회사 비피도 | Method for the production of organic pig using lactic acid bacteria |
| RU2376756C1 (en) * | 2008-04-11 | 2009-12-27 | ФГНУ Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт племенного дела (ВНИИплем) | Method for selection of pairs of specialised breeds, types and lines in hybridisation of pigs |
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