CN103168967B - TMR feed formula for reducing lamb weaning stress reaction and promoting growth - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a TMR feed formula for reducing lamb weaning stress reaction and promoting growth. The TMR feed formula is characterized by being divided into three stages of feed diet formula, wherein the first stage comprises 51-60 days, the second stage comprises 61-65 days, and the third stage comprises 66-90 days. A large amount of a TMR feed can be prepared in one time and sub-packaged for storage so as to be convenient to use, and facilitate the mechanized operation and commercial promotion.

Description

A TMR Feed Formula for Reducing Weaning Stress Response and Promoting Growth of Goat Lambs

technical field

The invention relates to a feed formula and feeding technology for sheep, in particular to a TMR feed formula and feeding technology for reducing the weaning stress response of goat lambs and promoting growth.

Background technique

The number of goats in stock and the total output of mutton in China rank first in the world, and the supply of products has long been in short supply. However, since 2005, the stock of sheep has been in a state of hesitation, and the total annual mutton output is difficult to exceed 4 million tons. However, the total mutton output in 2015 set by the Ministry of Agriculture is 4.4 million tons, making it difficult for the total mutton output to achieve the planned target. An important restrictive factor is the severe weaning stress reaction after weaning of goat lambs at the age of 2 months, and the resulting lambs' early growth retardation, or stunting, or stop growing, or negative growth, as well as disease incidence and mortality High and serious production technology problems.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, solve the long-standing production technical problems in the production of meat goats, and provide a TMR feed formula and feeding technology that reduces the weaning stress response of goat lambs and promotes growth, mainly for goat lambs TMR feed formula and feeding technique before and after weaning at 2 months old.

The present invention realizes above-mentioned purpose through following technical scheme:

A TMR feed formula that reduces the weaning stress response of goat lambs and promotes growth, is characterized in that, the feed formula is divided into three stages of feed ration formula, the first stage is 51-60 days old, the second stage is 61 -65 days old, the third stage is 66-90 days old. The formula of the feed ration in the first stage is: taking the daily food intake as the standard unit, corn: 36.27%, soybean meal: 10.10%, wheat bran: 5.17%, yeast powder 1.96%, soybean straw: 2.07%, silkworm excrement: 4.13% %, milk replacer 34.42%, salt: 1.00%, green hay: 2.88%, mineral nutritional additives: 2.0%. The formula of the feed ration for the second stage is: corn: 44.0%, soybean meal: 12.20%, wheat bran: 6.40%, yeast powder: 2.40%, soybean straw: 2.50%, silkworm excrement: 5.00%, salt: 1.00%, Milk replacer: 21.00%, green hay: 3.50%, mineral nutritional additives 2.00%.

The formula of the feed ration in the third stage is: taking daily food intake as the standard unit, corn: 56.22%, soybean meal: 15.66%, wheat bran 8.01%, yeast powder: 3.04%, soybean straw: 3.21%, silkworm excrement: 6.40%, salt: 1.00%, green hay: 4.46%, mineral nutritional additives: 2.00%.

The mineral nutritional additives are: 0.696% of iron sulfate, 0.349% of copper sulfate, 0.462% of manganese sulfate, 1.722% of zinc sulfate, 2.600% of magnesium sulfate, 0.0200% of cobalt chloride, 0.0035% of potassium iodide, 0.0060% of sodium selenite, Heavy calcium carbonate 85.451%, methionine 2.500%, lysine 3.500%, AD3 powder 2.000%, bacitracin zinc 0.150%, cellulase 1.000%.

A kind of TMR feed formulation and feeding technology that reduces the weaning stress response of goat lambs and promotes growth, is characterized in that, weigh each raw material according to the aforementioned ration formula, use feed processing equipment to pulverize concentrate and roughage, Mix well separately, weigh and mix evenly according to different fine-to-grain ratios when using, add clean drinking water with about 20% of the dry weight of the feed and mix it wet before feeding. Concentrated materials are corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, corn and yeast powder; coarse materials are soybean straw and green hay. When feeding, the concentrate is first made into a mixed concentrate, and then the coarse material is added in different proportions and mixed before feeding.

The coarse material is: a feed with a crude fiber content higher than 18% in the feed;

The concentrate is: feed with crude fiber content lower than 18%.

Feeding technique:

(1) Yeast powder is scientific: sheep are ruminants, and ruminants mainly digest food through microorganisms and forestomach movement. , Other ruminants are directly contacted or formed by external infection. Generally, various ciliates and bacteria can appear in ruminants at the age of 90-120 days. The yeast contained in the yeast powder can help digestion and absorption, and can also provide high-quality protein. At the same time, the yeast powder has a fragrance, which increases the appetite of sheep, improves the palatability of feed, and reduces waste of feed.

(2) Scientificity of cellulase preparation: cellulase can improve the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose in feed, and at the same time, it can degrade non-digestible macromolecular polysaccharides, proteins and lipids into small molecular substances, which is beneficial to the gastrointestinal tract of sheep It can activate the secretion of endogenous enzymes, supplement the deficiency of endogenous enzymes, increase the contact area between enzymes and nutrients, promote good digestion of feed, and work together with other enzymes to improve the decomposition and digestion of feed nutrients by sheep. Guarantee the normal digestion and absorption function of sheep; eliminate anti-nutritional factors, promote the healthy growth of sheep, play a role in disease prevention and growth promotion; cellulase also has the function of maintaining the integrity of small intestinal villi and promoting the absorption of nutrients.

(3) Scientific nature of bacitracin zinc: bacitracin zinc has the effect of promoting the growth of young animals. The main mechanism of action is: one is to enhance the body's resistance, mainly by inhibiting the proliferation of intestinal pathogenic microorganisms, promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms and reducing disease The second is to promote the digestion and absorption function of the body, mainly through thinning the intestinal wall, increasing the permeability of the intestinal mucosa and changing the intestinal metabolic environment to promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients.

(4) Green dry grass powder is scientific: because the digestive organs of weaned lambs are still in the initial growth and development stage, the volume of the gastrointestinal tract and digestive physiological functions are not perfect, while traditional breeding mainly feeds fresh grass, on the one hand, fresh grass has a lot of water content , with less dry matter, which cannot meet the nutritional needs of sheep, so that lambs eat too much grass and cause poor growth and development ("two sharp ends, big middle"), or cause severe diarrhea and other diseases that seriously hinder growth and development; Eating a lot of fresh grass, especially the first crop of young fresh grass in the changing season, will produce too much gas in the rumen, which cannot be excreted in time, and it is easy to form acute gas in the rumen, which is easy to cause the death of sheep. Eating green hay can not only meet the nutritional needs, but also promote the growth and development of the digestive organs of the gastrointestinal tract, and avoid the death of goats caused by factors such as diarrhea and acute gas.

(5) Advantages of powdery feed: powdery feed has good palatability, and can effectively utilize many forages that goats cannot eat or do not like to eat (such as soybean stalks, silkworm excrement, etc.), and improve the utilization rate of forage resources. And to a large extent, the phenomenon of lamb picky eaters and feed waste is reduced. At the same time, the powdery feed has a long storage period, and can be used in large quantities for a long time after one preparation. It can significantly promote the growth and development of sheep, and has long-term significance in promoting large-scale and standardized production of the sheep industry. Because from the perspective of the biological structure of sheep, sheep do not have upper incisors, but have lower incisors and upper and lower incisors. The upper and lower lips are very flexible, and the sense of smell is particularly sensitive (thus they are more picky eaters than other livestock). When eating, sheep always use their flexible upper and lower lips to hold a bunch of forage grass into their mouths, and then use their upper and lower incisors to bite off the forage grass. Most of the forage will fall to the ground, thus causing a lot of waste of forage.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

The TMR feed formula and feeding technology of the present invention can effectively reduce the weaning stress response of goat lambs after weaning at the age of 2 months and the resulting early growth retardation, or stop growth, or negative growth, as well as disease incidence and death High production rate and other major production technical problems, to reduce the weaning stress response of lambs, reduce the incidence of diseases, improve the survival rate of lambs, and promote growth and health; the feed contains yeast powder, cellulase preparations and bacitracin zinc, and in some It is beneficial to decompose the nutrients in the feed, promote the gastrointestinal absorption of goats, and at the same time provide protein, which is beneficial to the healthy development of the goats’ gastrointestinal tract. At the same time, the feed has a long storage period, is convenient to use, is convenient to mechanized operation, and is easy to popularize. It is conducive to mechanization, scale and standardization of raising goats.

Detailed ways

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

A TMR feed formula and feeding technology for reducing the weaning stress response of goat lambs and promoting growth, characterized in that the feed is divided into three stages, the first stage is 51-60 days old, and the second stage is 61-65 days old Age, the third stage is 66-90 days old. The formula of the feed ration in the first stage is: taking the daily food intake as the standard unit, corn: 36.27%, soybean meal: 10.10%, wheat bran: 5.17%, yeast powder 1.96%, soybean straw: 2.07%, silkworm excrement: 4.13% %, milk replacer 34.42%, salt: 1.00%, green hay: 2.88%, mineral nutritional additives: 2.0%. The formula of the feed ration for the second stage is: corn: 44.0%, soybean meal: 12.20%, wheat bran: 6.40%, yeast powder: 2.40%, soybean straw: 2.50%, silkworm excrement: 5.00%, salt: 1.00%, Milk replacer: 21.00%, green hay: 3.50%, mineral nutritional additives 2.00%.

The formula of the feed ration in the third stage is: taking daily food intake as the standard unit, corn: 56.22%, soybean meal: 15.66%, wheat bran 8.01%, yeast powder: 3.04%, soybean straw: 3.21%, silkworm excrement: 6.40%, salt: 1.00%, green hay: 4.46%, mineral nutritional additives: 2.00%. The mineral nutritional additives are: 0.696% of iron sulfate, 0.349% of copper sulfate, 0.462% of manganese sulfate, 1.722% of zinc sulfate, 2.600% of magnesium sulfate, 0.0200% of cobalt chloride, 0.0035% of potassium iodide, 0.0060% of sodium selenite, Heavy calcium carbonate 85.451%, methionine 2.500%, lysine 3.500%, AD3 powder 2.000%, bacitracin zinc 0.150%, cellulase 1.000%.

51-60 days old: The lambs in the experimental group were separated from the ewes during the day and fed formula TMR feed for induction, and then put back into the ewes pen at night for the experiment. The purpose of the experiment is to induce lambs to adapt to the feed ration after weaning in advance, so as to reduce the stress response after sudden weaning. In order to reduce the artificial fright stress of the lambs during the process, a small isolation pen inside the sheep house was used for isolation.

61-90 days: The feeding schedule of lambs should be adapted to the characteristics of their nutritional needs. Because during the early weaning period, the lamb's gastrointestinal development is very imperfect, the gastrointestinal volume and digestive function are weak, and the dry matter absorption is less, so the quality of the solid feed provided to the newly weaned lambs is closely related to the impact of sudden weaning of the lambs. The proportion of crude protein solid feed is very practical. Especially on the 61st to 65th day after weaning, in order to reduce the "weaning stress response" of lambs from mainly feeding on milk to grass-feeding, a transitional period (5 days after weaning) feeding was designed and implemented. After induction feeding before weaning, continue to use TMR feed with high milk substitute powder to increase the protein level in feeding and reduce food refusal caused by sudden change of feed, and then use TMR feed for 66-90 days to reduce the "weaning stress" of lambs. Response", the purpose of promoting the rapid growth and development of lambs.

The lambs in the experimental group were fed with an adjustment of the fine-to-coarse ratio every ten days: during the experiment, according to the growth and development of the lambs, the ratio of fine-to-coarse was reasonably adjusted from 6:4 every ten days to 5:5 to improve feed utilization ,reduce manufacturing cost.

During the experiment, the control group and the experimental group were completely separated to prevent the lambs from running around and stealing feed from each other, and observed, recorded, and measured in strict accordance with the requirements of animal experiments.

Table 1 100Kg eclipse feed formula and cost table (51-60 days old)

Note: The lambs in the control group were fed in a conventional way, and no special induction feeding was carried out

Table 2 100Kg weaning transition feed diet formula and cost table (61-65 days old)

Table 3 100Kg feed ration formula and cost table (66-90 days old)

2. Measure the body weight and body size of the sheep in the experimental group, and record the feed intake and growth of the experimental group and the control group in detail, and calculate the cost-effectiveness. Effects of different feeds and feeding methods on the daily gain of lambs.

Table 4 61-90d daily weight gain table

index test group control group Initial weight BW1 (Kg/piece) 11.8 11.6

End weight BW2(Kg/piece) 16.6 14.3 Daily weight gain ADG (g/d/piece) 150.0 79.1

Table 5 61-90d Economic Benefit Accounting Form

Note: Economic income is calculated according to the actual sales price of breeding sheep

As can be seen from Table 1-5, the TMR feed formula that reduces the weaning stress response of goat lambs of the present invention and promotes growth is fast in feeding and gaining weight quickly, specifically the 61-90 day-old benefit is +88.78% compared with the control, and the feed is fed simultaneously. It is convenient to feed, and can be prepared in large quantities for long-term storage to facilitate mechanized large-scale feeding, reduce diarrhea and other diseases caused by changes in forage grass, and has great economic benefits. Therefore, a scientific and reasonable feed formula combined with a new feeding technology is a feeding mode with feasible quality and production benefits.

Of course, the above is only one embodiment of the present invention, and it should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make some improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention. and retouching all belong to the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of TMR feed formula that reduces goat weaning stress response and promotes growth, is characterized in that, described feed formula is divided into the feed ration formula of three stages, and the first stage is 51-60 days old, and the second stage 61-65 days old, the third stage is 66-90 days old; The formula of the feed ration in the first stage is: taking the daily food intake as the standard unit, corn: 36.27%, soybean meal: 10.10%, wheat bran: 5.17%, yeast powder 1.96%, soybean straw: 2.07%, silkworm excrement: 4.13% %, milk substitute powder 34.42%, salt: 1.00%, green hay: 2.88%, mineral nutritional additives: 2.0%; The formula of the feed ration for the second stage is: corn: 44.0%, soybean meal: 12.20%, wheat bran: 6.40%, yeast powder: 2.40%, soybean straw: 2.50%, silkworm excrement: 5.00%, salt: 1.00%, Milk replacer: 21.00%, green hay: 3.50%, mineral nutritional additives 2.00%; The formula of the feed ration in the third stage is: taking daily food intake as the standard unit, corn: 56.22%, soybean meal: 15.66%, wheat bran 8.01%, yeast powder: 3.04%, soybean straw: 3.21%, silkworm excrement: 6.40%, salt: 1.00%, green hay: 4.46%, mineral nutritional additives: 2.00%; The mineral nutritional additives are: 0.696% of iron sulfate, 0.349% of copper sulfate, 0.462% of manganese sulfate, 1.722% of zinc sulfate, 2.600% of magnesium sulfate, 0.0200% of cobalt chloride, 0.0035% of potassium iodide, 0.0060% of sodium selenite, Heavy calcium carbonate 85.451%, methionine 2.500%, lysine 3.500%, AD3 powder 2.000%, bacitracin zinc 0.150%, cellulase 1.000%.