CN112075551A - Additive for improving survival rate of aquaculture animals and application thereof - Google Patents
Additive for improving survival rate of aquaculture animals and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses an additive for improving the survival rate of aquaculture animals, which comprises any one compound of an active substance 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a derivative or a salt thereof. The invention also discloses application of the compound in aquaculture. The additive of the invention can improve the anoxic condition on one hand, and synergistically improve the survival rate of the high-density fish and shrimp in the culture process by improving the water quality and promoting the organism health of aquatic animals on the other hand.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a feed additive which is added in aquaculture of aquatic animals and can effectively improve the survival rate of the aquatic animals and application thereof.
Background
5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and derivatives or salts thereof, which are active substances widely existing in animal, plant and microbial cells, are used for biosynthesizing chlorophyll, heme, porphyrin and vitamin B12The important precursor substances of the tetrapyrrole compounds are nontoxic to human and livestock, are easy to degrade in the environment and have no residue, and play an important role in the life process as endogenous substances of organisms, and the application of the tetrapyrrole compounds added into livestock feed has been reported, but no application of the tetrapyrrole compounds in aquatic feed additives exists.
The microecological preparation plays an important role in decomposing and converting the excrement and the residual bait of the cultured organisms and regulating the water quality, and is a novel green feed additive. The bacillus is a ubiquitous aerobic bacterium, has the advantages of good stability, strong stress resistance, high survival rate and the like, can be metabolized to generate various digestive enzymes, degrades part of anti-nutritional factors in the feed, and improves the feed conversion rate; the bacillus can also improve the water quality of the aquaculture water by reducing the content of nitrate and nitrite in the water. Adding Bacillus subtilis preparation into the water body for culturing white shrimps for 8 weeks by HadiZaokaeifar and the like (Zaokaeifar, 2014), and then adding NH4 +-N and NO2 -A significant reduction in the N concentration (P)<0.05), and good water quality in the culture process is kept.
In aquaculture (including fish, shrimp and crab), the aquaculture density of aquatic species is gradually increased in order to obtain higher economic benefits in unit area and unit time. The investigation of the Hatch Aquaculture Accelerator in Ireland shows that the culture density in China is the highest in 6 shrimp-cultivating big countries, and the survival rate of 300 shrimps/square meter which averagely reach 220-. When the culture density is too high, the respiration of aquatic organisms such as fish, shrimps and the like is increased, the oxygen consumption is also increased, the shortage of dissolved oxygen in the water body is easily caused, and the survival rate of aquatic animals is reduced. In addition, a large amount of excrement and residual bait can be gathered at the bottom of the culture pond, so that the bottom sludge is anoxic, pathogenic bacteria are bred, and the survival and growth of aquatic organisms are threatened. How to effectively improve the anoxic condition in the high-density fish and shrimp culture process, keep good water quality in the culture process and improve the culture survival rate is one of the main problems faced by the current aquaculture, additives with better effects in the existing research comprise vitamin C, nucleotide, humic acid, kelp, betaine, small peptide, astaxanthin, limonin analogues, carnitine hydrochloride, saccharicterpenin, chitosan, traditional Chinese medicine additives and the like, can relieve the culture stress to a certain extent and improve the production performance and the survival rate, but have no better effect under the condition of oxygen deficiency of the high-density culture; on the other hand, the method for solving the high-density culture survival rate of the fishes and the shrimps focuses on improving culture equipment or reducing culture density, and effective feed additives are not reported in research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the survival rate of high-density fish and shrimp culture is reduced due to insufficient oxygen and poor water quality, and the 5-ALA or (bacillus and 5-ALA are used together) is added into the feed as a feed additive, so that the anoxic condition can be improved, and the survival rate of the high-density fish and shrimp culture can be synergistically improved by improving the water quality and promoting the body health of aquatic animals.
An additive for aquaculture comprising as an active substance any one compound of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a derivative thereof or a salt thereof.
In one embodiment according to the invention the active substance 5-aminolevulinic acid is added to the aquatic feed in an amount of 1mg-100mg/Kg feed.
In one embodiment according to the invention, the additive further comprises bacillus added in an amount of 104-108cfu/Kg feed or 102-105cfu/mL aquaculture water.
In one embodiment according to the present invention, the bacillus is selected from one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus coagulans, mixed in any ratio.
In one embodiment according to the invention, 5-aminolevulinic acid is present in the additiveThe bacillus and other aquatic feed components are evenly mixed and then granulated; wherein the mass ratio of the 5-aminolevulinic acid to the bacillus is 1: 10-3-103。
The invention also provides the application of the additive in aquaculture.
In one embodiment according to the invention, the additive is administered by adding 5-ALA together with Bacillus to the feed after uniform granulation; or adding 5-ALA into the feed, uniformly granulating, and uniformly splashing the bacillus into the aquaculture water body while feeding.
In one embodiment according to the invention, the additive is added in an amount of 1mg to 1000mg per kg of feed. The additive can be independently composed of 5-aminolevulinic acid, can also be composed of 5-aminolevulinic acid and bacillus with a certain mass ratio, and can further comprise other common aquaculture additive components.
In one embodiment according to the invention, the bacillus is added in an amount of 10 per kg of feed4-108cfu; preferably 105-107cfu; or the addition amount of the bacillus in the water body is 102-105cfu/mL, more preferably 103-104cfu/mL。
In one embodiment according to the present invention, the aquaculture aquatic animal is selected from any one of penaeus vannamei, shrimp, river shrimp, crucian, grass carp, silver carp, large yellow croaker, crayfish or tilapia.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the additive can improve the anoxic condition of fish and shrimp bodies in the fish and shrimp culture (particularly high-density fish and shrimp culture) process and improve the water quality of culture water, thereby reducing the disease rate of the fish and shrimp, ensuring the culture survival rate to reach more than 98 percent, reducing the fish and shrimp culture cost and improving the culture benefit.
The action effect reaction mechanism of the feed additive for improving the survival rate of aquatic animals is as follows: 5-ALA can act alone or cooperate with bacillus, on one hand, enhance the immune response of aquatic animals, mainly because 5-ALA up-regulates the expression of related genes of immunity and defense, and enhance the aerobic energy metabolism ability, and further can increase the ATP level in cells, and meanwhile, the addition of 5-ALA can also influence other pathways (Yamada et. al, 2017), the heme synthesized by mitochondria is transported through a mitochondrial membrane, and a series of aerobic metabolic processes such as transcription, translation, transportation, processing, cell differentiation and the like are regulated; on the other hand, the bacillus can degrade and convert pollutants in the culture water body, and beneficial factors generated in the microbial metabolism process of the bacillus can promote the growth and development of aquatic animals; the 5-ALA and the bacillus are used for improving the autoimmunity and the growth water quality of the aquatic animals, so that the synergistic effect is achieved.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided to enable those skilled in the art to more readily understand the advantages and features of the present invention and to clearly define the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The feed additive is applied to high-density crucian culture, and the pond area is 0.08 hm2. The test crucian carp is temporarily cultured in a cement pond for 2 weeks before the test is started, and is called to be replayed into a fence after the temporary culture is finished, wherein the specification of the fence is as follows: 4 m.times.4 m.times.1.5 m, the experiments were performed in 18 grids. Crucian carps (43.88 +/-1.36 g) with similar initial weight are 2700, 4 treatment groups, 1 control group and 5 test groups are arranged, each treatment group has 3 repetitions, each repetition has 150 repetitions, and the test time is 21 days. The control group is fed with conventional feed, and treatment 1 is fed with 5-ALA (10 mg/Kg feed) and Bacillus licheniformis (2 × 10 Kg feed)6cfu/Kg feed), treating 2 feeding control group feed, adding 5-ALA (20 mg/Kg feed) and Bacillus licheniformis (2X 10 Kg feed)6cfu/Kg feed), treatment 3 on the control feed, 5-ALA (30 mg/Kg feed) and Bacillus licheniformis (2X 10) were added simultaneously6cfu/Kg feed), treating 4 groups of feed control group, and adding 5-ALA (40 mg/Kg feed) and ALABacillus licheniformis (2X 10)6cfu/Kg feed), 5-ALA (50 mg/Kg feed) and Bacillus licheniformis (2X 10) are added simultaneously on the basis of the feed of the 5-feeding control group6cfu/Kg feed), wherein the specification of the bacillus licheniformis is 2 x 107cfu/g, when in use, 100 g/ton of 5-ALA and bacillus are added, and the application mode is to evenly mix the mixture with other feed components and then to pelletize and feed the mixture. Feeding mode: 2 times daily (9: 00 and 15: 00). The feeding amount is 3% of the weight of the crucian. The test conditions and the feeding management were performed conventionally. When the test is finished, fishing each processed fish, counting and calculating the survival rate; meanwhile, 10 fish were randomly drawn from each test pen, hemoglobin content in blood was determined by the wenzi solution method, protease activity in intestinal tract was determined by the Folin-phenol method, and amylase activity in intestinal tract was determined by the starch-iodine method.
TABLE 15 influence of ALA and Bacillus on crucian survival rate, hemoglobin content and intestinal digestive enzyme activity
| Survival rate (%) | Hemoglobin content (g/L) | Intestinal proteinase (U/g) | Intestinal amylase (U/g) | |
| Control group | 91.13±0.82 | 58.28±0.92 | 14.89±0.74 | 16.54±0.69 |
| Treatment of 1 (5-ALA 10mg/Kg feed + Bacillus licheniformis (2X 10)6cfu/Kg feed)) | 98.26±0.29 | 61.45±0.93 | 16.71±0.52 | 17.82±1.32 |
| Treatment of 2 (5-ALA 20mg/Kg feed + Bacillus licheniformis (2X 10)6cfu/Kg feed)) | 99.20±0.59 | 62.32±1.16 | 17.01±0.73 | 18.86±1.45 |
| Treatment of 3 (5-ALA 30mg/Kg feed + Bacillus licheniformis (2X 10)6cfu/Kg feed)) | 98.42±0.31 | 61.05±2.03 | 16.89±0.88 | 17.94±1.77 |
| Treatment of 4 (5-ALA 40mg/Kg feed + Bacillus licheniformis (2X 10)6cfu/Kg feed)) | 97.56±0.36 | 61.29±1.07 | 16.35±0.76 | 16.98±1.87 |
| Treatment of 5 (5-ALA 50mg/Kg feed + Bacillus licheniformis (2X 10)6cfu/Kg feed)) | 97.17±0.89 | 60.27±1.58 | 15.76±0.76 | 17.23±0.46 |
As shown in table 1, by applying the feed additive for improving the survival rate of fish and shrimp in the present invention, in the 6 treatment groups provided in the example, the survival rates of the high-density cultivated crucian carps in the treatment groups 1,2,3,4 and 5 reached 98.26%, 99.20%, 98.42%, 97.56% and 97.17%, respectively, and were improved by 7.13, 8.07, 7.29, 6.43 and 6.04% points compared to the basic ration group. The improvement of the oxygen-deficient state of the aquatic animals can cause the oxygen-carrying amount of blood, and the oxygen-carrying amount can be realized by increasing the number of red blood cells in the blood, increasing the concentration of hemoglobin and the like; it is believed that the digestive enzyme activity in the body of the aquatic animal greatly affects the ability of the aquatic animal to absorb and utilize the bait, thereby promoting the growth of the aquatic animal. Compared with a control group, the content of hemoglobin is remarkably increased by 5.44%, 6.93%, 4.75%, 5.16% and 3.41%, the activity of intestinal protease is remarkably improved by 12.22%, 14.24%, 13.43%, 9.81% and 5.84%, and the activity of amylase is respectively improved by 7.41%, 13.68%, 8.14%, 2.35% and 3.86% by applying the additive disclosed by the invention (table 1). In addition, the bacillus can stimulate immunity, stimulate humoral immunity and cellular immunity and enhance the immunological activity of animals by producing antibodies, promoting phagocytosis and the like.
Example 2
Selecting Penaeus vannamei Boone and 16800 tails of shrimp seedlings. The shrimp larvae are temporarily raised for 5 days, and the test is started after weighing the initial weight. Initial body weight was 1.18. + -. 0.37 g. The raising facility is a 1000L glass fiber barrel, and 16800 shrimp fries are evenly distributed. 7 treatment groups, 1 control group and 6 test groups were set, with 3 replicates per treatment group, 800 shrimp replicates per replicate, and the test period was 14 days. Control group is fed with conventional feed, and treatment 1 is fed with 5-ALA (20 mg/Kg feed)Treating 2-feeding control group feed, adding Bacillus subtilis (1 × 10)3cfu/mL water body), treating 3-feeding control group feed, and simultaneously adding 5-ALA (20 mg/Kg feed) and Bacillus subtilis (1 × 10 feed)2cfu/mL water body), processing 4-feeding control group feed, adding 5-ALA (20 mg/Kg feed) and Bacillus subtilis (1 × 10 feed)3cfu/mL water body), processing 5-feeding control group feed, adding 5-ALA (20 mg/Kg feed) and Bacillus subtilis (1 × 10 feed)4cfu/mL water body), processing 6-feeding control group feed, adding 5-ALA (20 mg/Kg feed) and Bacillus subtilis (1 × 10 feed)5cfu/mL water). Wherein the addition amount of 5-ALA is 20mg/Kg feed, and the feed is granulated and fed after being uniformly mixed with other feed components; the bacillus subtilis powder is uniformly sprinkled with water with the corresponding mass (the mass of the bacillus subtilis powder sprinkled in 1000L of water is 0, 5, 0.5, 5, 50 and 500 g) by 2 multiplied by 10 according to the bacterial quantity specification8cfu/g of inoculum was sprinkled once a week in each 1000L bucket). In the test, the temperature of the water body is 25 ℃, and the salinity is 30 ppt. Feeding mode: 4 times daily (6: 00, 10: 00, 15: 00, 20: 00). The feeding amount is 5 percent of the weight of the shrimps. The test conditions and the feeding management were performed conventionally. At the end of the test, all surviving shrimps in each bucket were scooped up, weighed, and the survival rate and FCR calculated.
Survival rate (%) = final prawn quantity/initial prawn quantity x 100
Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) = feed intake/net weight gain
TABLE 25 Effect of ALA and Bacillus on Penaeus vannamei survival and FCR
| Survival rate (%) | FCR | |
| Control group | 88.66±5.7 | 1.13±0.08 |
| Treatment 1 (5-ALA 20mg/Kg feed) | 94.03±2.9 | 1.08±0.12 |
| Treatment 2 (Bacillus subtilis 1X 10)3cfu/mL water body) | 93.72±5.8 | 1.08±0.05 |
| Treatment of 3 (5-ALA 20mg/Kg feed + Bacillus subtilis 1X 102cfu/mL water body) | 96.02±6.3 | 1.04±0.07 |
| Treatment of 4 (5-ALA 20mg/Kg feed + Bacillus subtilis 1X 103cfu/mL water body) | 98.06±6.3 | 1.01±0.08 |
| Treatment of 5 (5-ALA 20mg/Kg feed + Bacillus subtilis 1X 104cfu/mL water body) | 96.80±7.1 | 1.03±0.10 |
| Treatment of 6 (5-ALA 20mg/Kg feed + Bacillus subtilis 1X 105cfu/mL water body) | 94.99±4.3 | 1.04±0.08 |
By applying the feed additive for improving the survival rate of fish and shrimp culture in the invention, the results show that (Table 2) the additive components fed by the treatment 1 and the treatment 2 respectively comprise 5-ALA (with the addition of 20mg/Kg feed) and bacillus subtilis (with the addition of 1 multiplied by 10 bacillus subtilis)3cfu/mL water body), the results show that the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone is respectively improved by 5.37 percent and 5.06 percent, and the feed conversion rate is respectively reduced from 1.13 to 1.08 and 1.08; the additive composition of the invention is that 5-ALA and bacillus subtilis with different amounts are added in a synergistic way when the 3,4,5 and 6 groups are treated respectively, the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei reaches 96.02%, 98.06%, 96.80% and 94.99% respectively, and is improved by 7.36%, 9.40%, 8.14% and 6.33% respectively compared with the basic ration group; meanwhile, the feed conversion rate is reduced from 1.13 to 1.04, 1.01, 1.03 and 1.04, and a synergistic effect is shown on both the survival rate and the feed conversion rate. In addition, the survival rate and the feed conversion rate are improved, so that the production cost can be obviously reduced, and the fish and shrimp culture income is further improved.
Example 3
The feed additive is applied to tilapia culture, and the pond area is 0.08 hm2. The test fish is temporarily cultured in a cement pond for 2 weeks before the test is started, and is called to be replayed into a fence after the temporary culture is finished, wherein the specification of the fence is as follows: 4 m.times.4 m.times.1.5 m. Selecting 5400 domesticated young tilapia with the average weight of 2.59 +/-0.51 g and the average body length of 4.42 +/-0.31 cm, randomly distributing the domesticated young tilapia with the average weight of 5400 domesticated young tilapia into 18 aquaria, randomly dividing the 18 aquaria into 6 treatments, wherein each treatment comprises 3 repetitions, each repetition comprises 300 tails, and the treatment groups are respectively a control group as basic ration; treatment 1 group is 20mg/Kg of 5-ALA +100 g/ton of Bacillus subtilis, namely the addition amount of the Bacillus is 107cfu/Kg feed; treatment 2 group was with 20mg/Kg 5-ALA +100 g/ton Bacillus coagulans, i.e. the amount of Bacillus added was 107cfu/Kg feed; the treatment 3 groups are that 20mg/Kg 5-ALA +5 g/ton of bacillus subtilis and 5 g/ton of bacillus coagulans are added in a composite way, namely the adding amount of the bacillus is 106cfu/Kg feed; the treatment 4 groups are 20mg/Kg 5-ALA +50 g/ton bacillus subtilis and 50 g/ton bacillus coagulans composite additiveAdding, i.e. adding amount is 107cfu/Kg feed; the treatment 5 groups are prepared by adding 5-ALA of 20mg/Kg and 500 g/ton of Bacillus subtilis and 500 g/ton of Bacillus coagulans in a composite manner, namely the adding amount is 108cfu/Kg feed; wherein the specification of the bacillus subtilis is 1 multiplied by 108cfu/g, Bacillus coagulans specification of 1 × 108The application mode of cfu/g, 5-ALA and bacillus is to mix with other feed components evenly and then to pelletize and feed. Feeding mode: 3 times a day (6: 00, 13: 00 and 20: 00), and the feeding amount is 3% of the weight of the tilapia. The test conditions and the breeding management were performed conventionally, and the breeding was performed for 42 days. When the test is finished, fishing each processed fish, counting and calculating the survival rate; separating stomach and intestinal tract of genetically improved farmed tilapia, accurately weighing, performing ice bath homogenization according to the weight-volume ratio of 1: 9, and determining stomach and intestinal tract protease by adopting a forskolin phenol method.
TABLE 35 influence of Bacillus synergistically ALA on survival rates of Tilapia mossambica and digestive tract digestive enzyme activities
The fish and shrimp culture benefit is positively correlated with the digestion and absorption capacity of nutrient substances and the activity of digestive enzyme. The results of this example show (table 3), that after the feed additive of the present invention is applied to a control group fed with a basic ration, the survival rate of tilapia in treatment 1, treatment 2, treatment 3, treatment 4 and treatment 5, and the activities of pepsin and intestinal protease all play a significant role in improving, 5-ALA and bacillus synergistically improve the survival rate of tilapia, which respectively reaches 97.75%, 97.64% and 98.15%, and simultaneously, the addition amount of bacillus has a greater effect on the survival rate, the activities of protease and intestinal protease, and the addition amount of bacillus is 10%6-108The best effect is obtained when cfu/Kg of feed is used; and the survival rate of the compound addition of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus coagulans is slightly higher than that of the single application.
The above summary and the detailed description are intended to demonstrate the practical application of the technical solutions provided by the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Various modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements may be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and principles of the invention. The scope of the invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An additive for improving the survival rate of aquaculture animals, which comprises an active substance 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a derivative thereof or any compound of salts thereof.
2. The additive according to claim 1, wherein the active substance 5-aminolevulinic acid is added in the aquatic feed in an amount of 1mg-100mg per Kg feed.
3. The supplement of claim 1, further comprising bacillus in an amount of 104-108cfu/Kg feed, preferably 105-107cfu; or 102-105cfu/mL aquaculture water body, preferably 103-104cfu/mL aquaculture water.
4. The additive according to claim 3, wherein the Bacillus is selected from the group consisting of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus coagulans, or a mixture thereof in any ratio.
5. The additive according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the 5-aminolevulinic acid and the bacillus bacteria in the additive are granulated after being homogeneously mixed with other aquatic feed components; wherein the mass ratio of the 5-aminolevulinic acid to the bacillus is 1: 10-3-103。
6. Use of an additive according to any one of claims 1-5 in aquaculture.
7. The use as claimed in claim 6 wherein the additive is administered by adding 5-ALA together with Bacillus to the feed after uniform granulation; or adding 5-ALA into the feed, granulating uniformly, and sprinkling the bacillus into the aquaculture water body uniformly while feeding.
8. The use as claimed in claim 7, wherein the additive is added in an amount of 1mg to 1000mg per Kg of feed.
9. The use according to claim 7, wherein the bacillus is added in an amount of 10 per kg of feed4-108cfu; preferably 105-107cfu; or the addition amount of the bacillus in the water body is 102-105cfu/mL, more preferably 103-104cfu/mL。
10. The use according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the aquaculture aquatic animal is selected from any one of penaeus vannamei, shrimp, crucian, grass carp, silver carp, large yellow croaker, crayfish or tilapia.
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| CN117598398B (en) * | 2023-11-27 | 2024-05-24 | 山东省海洋科学研究院(青岛国家海洋科学研究中心) | Non-resistance compound feed additive for aquatic animals |
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| WO2022063295A1 (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-03-31 | 天津博菲德科技有限公司 | Additive for increasing survival rate of aquaculture animals and application thereof |
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| WO2022063295A1 (en) | 2022-03-31 |
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Application publication date: 20201215 |