CN102948637A - Method for preventing and treating soft shell disease of South America penaeus vannamei - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating soft shell disease of South America penaeus vannamei Download PDFInfo
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- CN102948637A CN102948637A CN2012102607236A CN201210260723A CN102948637A CN 102948637 A CN102948637 A CN 102948637A CN 2012102607236 A CN2012102607236 A CN 2012102607236A CN 201210260723 A CN201210260723 A CN 201210260723A CN 102948637 A CN102948637 A CN 102948637A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preventing and treating soft shell disease of penaeus vannamei, and belongs to technical field of biological disease prevention. In the breeding process, the penaeus vannamei is molted in molting stages or due to outside stress and can be supplied with a soft calcium supplement, wherein the soft calcium supplement comprises nutrition calcium A and nutrition calcium B, the nutrition calcium A contains one sixth sodium percarbonate and five sixths amino calcium gluconate; the nutrition calcium B is food-grade calcium lactate of more than 90%; and the splashing concentration of the nutrition calcium A in the soft calcium supplement is 1.5ppm-3ppm, and the splashing concentration of the nutrition calcium B is 0.2-0.3ppm. The method has the beneficial effects of preventing and treating incapability of hardening the body shells, commonly known as soft shell, of the penaeus vannamei after being molted in molting stages or due to outside stress in breeding process, having obvious effects on hardening the shells, building a body and strengthening the body, and eliminating the sub-health condition of the penaeus vannamei.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the preventing and curing biological diseases technical field, relate in particular to and a kind ofly in the breeding process of Penaeus Vannmei, suffer from the prevention of soft-shell disease and the method for the treatment of for Penaeus Vannmei.
Background technology
For crustacean prawn, the physilogical characteristics of regular shell are arranged, only have by normal shell, prawn could grow, but under certain conditions, as because change in weather, the shell that water temperature sudden change etc. causes is too much, the water quality calcium content crosses lowly etc., and two kinds of situations may appear in the prawn shell, and the one, after the prawn shell, the growth retardation of shell, showing as shell can not in time harden, and shrimp body softness is unable, jejunum, custom " ghost " sense, body colour mud is yellow, the shrimp shell is thicker, and is crisp or soft, the severe patient jejunum; Food is few in not serious person's intestines, and intermittent, colony's food ration is not in normal range (NR), and body colour is partially yellowish, differs not obvious with normal color, is difficult for differentiating, thereby causes smoothly shell of prawn, shell occurs incomplete.Above phenomenon often causes the reduction of prawn opposing external environment ability and makes the gradually dead or dead phenomenon of batch of prawn, the soft shell case occurred comparatively frequent over the past two years, cause comparatively serious economic loss, at present the culturist do not recognize calcium deficiency because of with the good plan of replenishing the calcium.In the pond culture process of Penaeus Vannmei, even in the situation that manage with delicacy, also often can run into situation as above, must replenish the calcium when especially the shrimp shell is softer during the prawn shell, but key is how to mend just to reach prevention and therapeutic purposes.
The cause of disease causes that the factor of soft shell shrimp is a lot, in sluice gate culture of Penaeus vannamei process, causes that the factor of shrimp shell deliquescing may have following several: 1, long-term bait throwing in is not enough, makes prawn be starvation.2, the feed nutrition proportioning is unbalanced, and the ratio of calcium and phosphorus is incorrect, a lot of agricultural low-grade feeds of shrimp Penaeus Vannmei of throwing something and feeding, and these feeds often do not reach requirement.3, the putrid and deteriorated feed of throwing something and feeding.4, the content decrease of the dissolved phosphorus of Chi Shuizhong, prawn is taken the photograph the phosphorus quantity not sufficient, and phosphorus is the formation of prawn crust and the essential element of calcification process.5, because local cultivation density is too high, and breeding environment is abominable, and water quality deterioration causes the deliquescing of shrimp shell, the concurrent Other diseases of severe patient forms disease outbreak.6, contain organotin or organophosphorus insecticide in the water, it is chitinous synthetic in the prawn crust that pesticide can suppress.7, inappropriate medication or water quality mutation cause prawn stress, abnormal shelling phenomenon, prawn is difficult to recover normal state at short notice.
Control, the deliquescing of shrimp shell tend to catch and disease outbreak occur, and when receiving shrimp, the soft shell shrimp is dried up to be easy to death, causes the decline of transportation survival rate in addition, therefore answer the ratio of reduce soft shell shrimp in breeding process.Now adopt following method can reduce the ratio of soft shell shrimp: 1, to keep good water quality, substrate, build good breeding environment.2, strictly control calcium, phosphorus ratio in the water, the pH value is controlled between the 7.8-8.6, prevents that ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen from exceeding standard.3, throw something and feed weekly at ordinary times 3-5 time solid shell element 2 ‰-3 ‰, high steady Catergen ‰-3 ‰, liver safe 2 ‰ can play prevention effect.If 4 when prawn disease occurring, safe 8 ‰ with solid shell element 10 ‰, high steady vitamin C 10 ‰, liver, and other antibiotic is such as gram bacterium king 10 ‰, or orfloxacin 7 ‰, etc., connect and fed 3-5 days.Also can make the thickening of shrimp shell if 5 consumptions that strengthen solid shell element before going out shrimp can reduce the ratio of soft shell shrimp, the shrimp shell is not easy impaired.Its consumption was fed 5-6 days for solid shell 10 ‰-12 ‰, the multidimensional 10 ‰ together company of being used in conjunction with.If the 6 solid shell elements of can throwing something and feeding for a long time with good conditionsi play short long prophylaxis effect.
Have following deficiency for above prevention with treatment: find can not effectively treat behind the soft shell, treatment time is oversize, and the shell of soft shell shrimp can not harden in one day then can be dead; Non-soft shell shrimp and crisp shell shrimp are to PVP-I, C5H6Br2N2O2, calcium superphosphate, quick lime reaction excitatory and produce shell; The shrimp that soft shell occurs can not accelerate death by duricrust on the contrary because of the as above stimulation of medicine; PVP-I, C5H6Br2N2O2, quick lime tend to the algae in the water is played killing action, and " oxygen debt " aggravation causes soft shell to increase at the bottom of the pond; And the time that the soft shell shrimp occurs is usually in change in weather, such as change of the wind, rain in torrents etc.More should not change the various factors of water body this moment, otherwise can accelerate the death of prawn after using medicine; The soft shell shrimp no longer ingests in addition, and the medicine erbium is treated without any effect soft shell and crisp shell shrimp.Have again, the culturist can not be each time to the above-mentioned soft-shell disease that causes because of can both be for each situation just absolutely accurate medication and in time medication, above these methods all can not be fine to soft shell shrimp or crisp shell shrimp are given treatment to.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiency of above prevention with treatment prawn soft-shell disease, I am carrying out on the abundant Investigational basis, according to the calcium in the prawn body except the metabolism of a small amount of participation enzyme, other calcium mainly are at ectoskeleton (shell), with aquatile absorb need to be than high-solubility oxygen when utilizing calcium, both selecting can be to soft shell, the shrimp of crisp shell is given treatment to, can be healthy and strong to the shrimp of not shell again, the calcium tonic of strong body, the dissolved oxygen that increases simultaneously water body reaches water body is detoxified and the increase carbon source, make the required nutrition calcium of prawn quick obtaining, and the water environment of improvement prawn life.
The technical solution used in the present invention is, a kind of prevention and the method for the treatment of the prawn soft shell, in the culture of Penaeus vannamei process, each shell phase or be subjected to the external world to cause shell after, give prawn supply software calcium tonic, described software calcium tonic is comprised of nutrition calcium A and nutrition calcium B, and nutrition calcium A is 1/6 SODIUM PERCARBONATE and 5/6 glucosaminicacid calcium; Nutrition calcium B is the food-grade calcium lactate of content more than 90%; The nutrition calcium A concentration of splashing is 1.5ppm～3ppm in the described software calcium tonic, and the nutrition calcium B concentration of splashing is 0.2～0.3ppm.
The using method of described software calcium tonic is: the software calcium tonic is splashed with the rear full pool of plastic ware dissolving, used once in per 5 days～7 days.
Preferably: changing the water body that the water frequency is higher or quantity of exchanged water is larger suitably increases the number of times of splashing.
Preferably: use the software calcium tonic in high dissolved oxygen situation, effect is better.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: for each shell phase in the culture of Penaeus vannamei process or after being subjected to the external world to cause shell, body surface shell can not in time harden prevention and the treatment of (being commonly called as soft shell), to solid shell, be healthy and strong, strong body plays fairly obvious effect, eliminate prawn and be in sub-health status.Penaeus Vannmei parent shrimp is in strengthening process, and the prawn combination nutrient calcium of splashing every day obviously improves the vigor of close shrimp.Use the software calcium tonic to have simple and easy, efficient, safe, effect fast.
The specific embodiment
Further the present invention is illustrated below in conjunction with the specific embodiment;
Replenishing of embodiment 1, water quality nutritional agents-software calcium tonic uses the software calcium tonic to the treatment comparative test of soft shell shrimp in the pond behind the rain;
Experimentation: 5-6 was between the month in 2011, in the abundant testing site of husky ox, after the rainwater, find that the soft shell phenomenon appears in 5 mouthfuls of ponds morning next day, food ration reduces to 1/2 of commercial weight, carried out three group splash nutrition calcium A, nutrition calcium Bs, nutrition calcium A+ nutrition calcium B test to 5 mouthfuls of ponds noon, situation such as following table:
Pond soft shell shrimp treatment comparative test (such as following table) behind the abundant rain of husky ox of 2011 (the 5-6 months)
As seen, the 3rd group is used the software calcium tonic, namely use nutrition calcium A+ nutrition calcium B combination, be better than single nutritious calcium A or the nutrition calcium B of making, after the test of splashing this time, this testing site afterwards before the raining in the breeding process or temperature or the wind direction wind-force weather nutrition calcium A that all splashes when changing make up with nutrition calcium B, eliminated the generation of soft shell phenomenon, avoided causing owing to above reason the excessive minimizing of food ration.When rainy or temperature or the transformation of wind direction wind-force weather, the good condition of shrimp forms a sharp contrast with the situation of supporting the shrimp generation on every side, does not have the too much phenomenon generation of soft shell generation or material reducing, receives preferably effect.
Conclusion: water quality uses the software calcium tonic to splash when being subjected to ectocine, to the solid shell of white leg Shrimp body and larger effect is arranged.
Embodiment 2: use the software calcium tonic, i.e. the ill illustration of nutrition calcium A and nutrition calcium B combination rescue prawn liver.
The test cause: from by the end of February, raising in 4 cement pits has 2000 tail Penaeus Vannmeis, and density is 10 tails/m approximately
2, specification 20 tail/jin～22 tail/jin.To original treaty 3 wheat harvesting periods in June, white shrimp has 1～2 tail dead every day in the pond, 3～4 days have been continued, think it is long-term underfed cause in the pond, or water quality is bad causes, and at first carries out disinfecting in the pond, changes water body, Vc stress spirit, and according to experience in the past: dead shrimp is because the malnutrition that the long-term artifical compound feed of throwing something and feeding causes.Through the fresh oyster meat of throwing something and feeding, can receive through three to five days good effect behind the oyster of throwing something and feeding, did not only have effect afterwards, and death toll increases to 3～12 tails every day on the contrary.
This ill shrimp and the difference of underfed reveal any symptoms: this ill shrimp anatomy: the light Bai Weihong of the body colour that is in a bad way, heavy body colour is abnormal, and enteron aisle has food, and empty stomach is jejunum (ingest time is not long) not, not inflammation.The liver pancreas has serious degeneration necrosis, atrophy is arranged, and spotty necrosis is arranged.Cause of disease detects as follows:
Cause of disease detects: (1) virus detects: be the SPF shrimp.Studying in one's power Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau through the Guangxi aquatic products detects negative.(2) Bacteria Detection: do not detect.(3) parasite: body surface, appendage, the gill do not detect.
Take measures: measure 1: drug therapy: the liver protecting medicine through throwing something and feeding 10 days, the state of an illness is without any the sign that changes.Measure 2: the software calcium tonic is splashed: to mid-June, change water every day after, 3ppm nutrition calcium A and 0.3ppm nutrition calcium B splash in the pond.Result of use: the software calcium tonic of splashing, i.e. nutrition calcium A and nutrition calcium B combination, after three days, dead shrimp stops, and muscle power strengthens after 6 days, and food ration increases approximately 10%.Body colour becomes yellowish green.The body surface light.Use continuously the software calcium tonic can improve the prawn liver function, strengthen the shrimp vitality of subject.
Embodiment 3: the result of use of Different Nutrition calcium in the Penaeus Vannmei culture pond
On the basis of above two tests, because during July, temperature is high, during cultivating, the cement pit Penaeus Vannmei changes the water body amount larger, the Penaeus Vannmei death rate has the phenomenon of rising, for a change this present situation verifies also whether nutrition calcium has good effect simultaneously, has carried out following contrast test in the pond.
The result of use (such as following table) of Different Nutrition calcium in the Penaeus Vannmei culture pond
Result of the test shows: use the software calcium tonic, i.e. nutrition calcium A+ nutrition calcium B combination can obviously reduce Penaeus Vannmei and convert the death rate that shell causes, improves survival rate.
When reality was used, because prawn has part directly to ingest, effect was apparent in view when the prawn 5cm left and right sides when gold calcium used; Nutrition calcium B can all be dissolved in water body, and effect is also more obvious after using continuously 8～10 days shell cycles; Calcium ion components is relatively high in the calcium gluconae (medical grade), mixes hello effect and is better than front two kinds, and price is higher.
Embodiment 4 field tests: cultured prawn uses the nutrition CAL
Time: 2011.4～2011.12
Place: anti-big dragon testing site, city, shrimp Lou point
Operating position: calcium, glucose in nutrition calcium A, nutrition calcium B, the calcium
Using method: splash, throw something and feed;
Working concentration: software calcium tonic (nutrition calcium A2.5ppm+ nutrition calcium B0.3ppm); Glucose (calcium 10 ‰～16 ‰ in the 1.5ppm+ calcium);
The combined effect of nutrition calcium A and nutrition calcium B is better than the combination of calcium in glucose and the calcium in this time testing.
By above embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and embodiment 4, determine the necessity that nutrition calcium uses in the culture of Penaeus vannamei process, can improve survival rate and prawn muscle power fully, to solid shell, be healthy and strong, strong body plays fairly obvious effect, eliminate prawn and be in sub-health status.Penaeus Vannmei parent shrimp is in strengthening process, and the prawn combination nutrient calcium of splashing every day obviously improves the vigor of close shrimp.Use the software calcium tonic to have simple and easy, efficient, safe, effect fast.
This shows, in the culture of Penaeus vannamei process, each shell phase or be subjected to the external world to cause shell after, per 5 days～7 days full pools software calcium tonic of splashing a time, to body surface shell can not in time harden prevention and the treatment of (being commonly called as soft shell), to solid shell, be healthy and strong, strong body plays fairly obvious effect, eliminates prawn and is in sub-health status, obviously improves the vigor of close shrimp.
It should be noted that at last: obviously, above-described embodiment only is for example of the present invention clearly is described, and is not the restriction to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description, the apparent variation of being extended out thus or change still are among protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the method for a prevention and treatment prawn soft-shell disease, be characterised in that in the culture of Penaeus vannamei process, each shell phase or be subjected to the external world to cause shell after, give prawn supply software calcium tonic, described software calcium tonic is comprised of nutrition calcium A and nutrition calcium B, and nutrition calcium A is 1/6 SODIUM PERCARBONATE and 5/6 glucosaminicacid calcium; Nutrition calcium B is the food-grade calcium lactate of content more than 90%; The nutrition calcium A concentration of splashing is 1.5ppm～3ppm in the described software calcium tonic, and the nutrition calcium B concentration of splashing is 0.2～0.3ppm.
2. a kind of prevention according to claim 1 and the method for the treatment of the prawn soft-shell disease is characterised in that the using method of described software calcium tonic is: the software calcium tonic is splashed with the rear full pool of plastic ware dissolving, used once in per 5 days～7 days.
3. a kind of prevention according to claim 1 and the method for the treatment of the prawn soft-shell disease is characterised in that changing the water body that the water frequency is higher or quantity of exchanged water is larger suitably increases the number of times of splashing.
4. a kind of prevention according to claim 1 and the method for the treatment of the prawn soft-shell disease is characterised in that and uses the software calcium tonic in high dissolved oxygen situation.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103583803A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-02-19 | 蚌埠市丰牧牛羊肉制品有限责任公司 | Feed for penaeus vannamei at shelling period and preparation method thereof |
| CN105638527A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-06-08 | 宁波大学 | Environment-friendly and high-yield breeding method for penaeus vannamei boone |
| CN106721520A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-05-31 | 天津荣利生物科技发展有限公司 | A kind of fortification breast for aquiculture animal |
| CN112273297A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-29 | 天津蕴华农业科技发展有限公司 | Method for breeding penaeus vannamei boone |
| CN113557999A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-10-29 | 渤海水产科技(滨州)有限公司 | Water-free alive-keeping transportation method for shrimps |
-
2012
- 2012-07-26 CN CN2012102607236A patent/CN102948637A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103583803A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-02-19 | 蚌埠市丰牧牛羊肉制品有限责任公司 | Feed for penaeus vannamei at shelling period and preparation method thereof |
| CN105638527A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-06-08 | 宁波大学 | Environment-friendly and high-yield breeding method for penaeus vannamei boone |
| CN105638527B (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2018-09-07 | 宁波大学 | A kind of culture of Penaeus vannamei method of green high yield |
| CN106721520A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-05-31 | 天津荣利生物科技发展有限公司 | A kind of fortification breast for aquiculture animal |
| CN112273297A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-29 | 天津蕴华农业科技发展有限公司 | Method for breeding penaeus vannamei boone |
| CN113557999A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-10-29 | 渤海水产科技(滨州)有限公司 | Water-free alive-keeping transportation method for shrimps |
| CN113557999B (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-21 | 渤海水产科技(滨州)有限公司 | Water-free alive-keeping transportation method for shrimps |
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Application publication date: 20130306 |