RU2271655C1 - Method for rearing mature macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimps - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aquaculture.

SUBSTANCE: the present innovation deals with industrial year-round rearing mature individuals of giant fresh-water Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp. It is necessary to introduce shrimps into the basin with a closed type of water supply cycle supplied with volumetric substrate and feeding. Volumetric substrate should be introduced into the basin at the quantity of 10-15 sq. m/cu. m, not more, and density of shrimp's breeding should be determined as density of breeding against the area of substrate at the quantity of about 25-30 shrimps/sq. m and up to 30 shrimps/sq. m, correspondingly, moreover, temperature in the basin should correspond to about 21-26° C. The innovation suggested enables to provide 80% survival rate in shrimps in case of meeting all the above-mentioned requirements.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of rearing.

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Description

The invention relates to aquaculture and can be used for industrial year-round maintenance of adults of giant freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in swimming pools.

A known method of growing planting material of shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii (RF patent 2060657, A 01 K 61/00. Publ. 27.05.96. BI No. 15), the essence of which lies in the fact that the larvae of the shrimp contain in the growth tank simultaneously with zooplankton, phytoplankton and omnivorous aquarium fish. The necessary hydrochemical regime and temperature are maintained in the tank, which is chosen from the conditions of the optimum temperature for the development of shrimp and the acceptable temperature for keeping fish.

The specified method relates to the cultivation of larvae and does not consider the content of adult individuals.

A known method of growing planting material of freshwater shrimp (RF patent 2165143, A 01 K 61/00. Publ. 20.04.01. BI No. 11), the essence of which is to grow larvae by simultaneously keeping shrimp and zooplankton larvae in the aquatic environment, adaptation of the larvae to fresh water and their growth in growing tanks until receiving planting material. In this case, an egg mixture is additionally introduced into the aquatic environment, and the sizes of its particles and the necessary concentration of food objects are selected depending on the stage of development and the size of the larvae.

The described method also does not consider the conditions of detention of adults in swimming pools.

A known method of commercial growth of giant freshwater shrimp (RF patent 2180775, A 01 K 61/00. Publ. March 27, 02. BI No. 9), the essence of which is a two-stage implementation of the production process: at the first stage, the shrimp larva is grown to juvenile hinge 0 , 2-2.0 g, and on the second - they carry out the rearing of juveniles to a commercial sample of 50-80 g in an open feeding pond at natural water temperature.

The disadvantage of this method is the possibility of its use for keeping adults only in the temperate continental climate of southern Russia in the summer months (June-September) and the impossibility of use in more northern areas. The conditions of shrimp are unregulated and completely depend on the climatic conditions. Landing density is low: 2-3 pcs / m ² pond. In addition, the method considers the cultivation of commercial shrimp, and not the long-term maintenance of already grown individuals.

A known method of breeding shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii (RF patent 2060004, A 01 K 61/00), which involves growing them in cages on warm waste water of energy objects at a water temperature of 28-31 ° C and planting density for commodity cultivation is 16-22 pcs. / m ² . This method also cannot be used year-round, as it partially depends on the natural and climatic conditions, and partially on the thermal mode of operation of the power facility, and does not provide for adjustable environmental conditions. The temperature of the water when growing shrimp is too high for adult individuals and requires increased feed costs and contributes to the intense manifestation of cannibalism.

A known method of commercial cultivation of shrimp in installations with a closed cycle of water supply (Kiselev A.Yu. et al. "Technology for growing giant freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii in installations with a closed cycle of water supply." M .: VNIIPRH, 1995. - S.9-11) , which involves growing in pools with water circulation and regulation of the basic parameters of the aquatic environment. The method includes the use of special shelters in the form of tubes or perforated gratings to protect individuals from manifestations of cannibalism. The water temperature in this case is 28-30 ° C.

The disadvantage of this method is the high temperature of the water, contributing to cannibalism and increased feed costs. In addition, the number of special shelters is unreasonably selected, and the shrimp landing density is in no way related to the number or area of these shelters.

The closest analogue of the proposed method, which allows to achieve the highest yield of bioproducts when containing commercial shrimp, is a method that involves growing them in pools with a closed water supply cycle and adjustable conditions of the aquatic environment with a planting density of 2-10 pcs / m ^{2 of the} pool using a bulk substrate to cover the shrimp , which increased the growth area to 30 m ² . The water temperature is maintained in the range of 24-28 ° С, and the shrimp is fed with granular feed containing 30% protein (Stepanov D.N. et al. “Biotechnology for increasing the productivity of industrial farms with a closed water supply cycle, growing crustaceans on an industrial scale” Fish in, ser. Freshwater aquaculture, analytical and abstract inform. M .: VNIERH. - 2000. - Issue 1. - S.11-22).

The main significant disadvantages of this method from the point of view of keeping adult individuals are an overestimated temperature range, low planting density of individuals without taking into account the area of available shelters and the use of an unreasonable amount of these shelters.

One of the important technological stages of shrimp cultivation in countries with a temperate climate is the long-term maintenance of broodstock in pools before the spawning campaign and the long-term overexposure of commercial shrimp in the cold period, lasting more than 6-8 months a year. The main difficulty in this case is the struggle with the manifestation of cannibalism during molting of individuals, which is associated with high planting densities compared to pond cultivation.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method of overexposure of commercial shrimp in pools to provide a sufficient number of producers for subsequent spawning at the beginning of the spring-summer cultivation cycle or year-round sale of live shrimp in live form, which significantly (3-4 times) increases their cost and accordingly, the results of cultivation in general.

The problem is achieved in the method of keeping adult shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii, including the landing of individuals in a pool with a closed water supply cycle, equipped with a bulk substrate and feeding, while the bulk substrate is placed in the pool in an amount of not more than 10-15 m ² / m ³ and the density shrimp planting is defined as the density of planting on the substrate and bottom area in an amount of 25-30 pcs / m ² and up to 30 pcs / m ^3, respectively, while the temperature in the pool is set at 21-26 ° C.

Shrimp is fed with granular compound feed containing 35% protein in an amount of 1% of the total weight of individuals per day (maintenance diet). These technological parameters ensure the survival of individuals at least 80% per month.

The survival of shrimp without the use of shelters is about 80% at a planting density of 10 pcs / m ^{2 of the} bottom of the pool and decreases sharply with its further increase.

The growth of shrimp survival occurs as the specific area of shelters in the basin increases to 10-15 m ² / m ³ . A subsequent increase in the specific area of shelters does not lead to a significant increase in shrimp survival, which remains at the level of 80-85%, while the unproductive costs of shelter materials increase. Moreover, with an increase in the specific area of shelters above 35-40 m ² / m ^{3, there} is a tendency to a decrease in survival. The causes of this phenomenon require further study.

With a shrimp planting density of 25-30 pcs / m ^{2 of} shelters, the most complete use of the introduced substrate and the survival of individuals are ensured. With a higher density of landing, survival is reduced, with a lower density, the efficiency of using the material of shelters and the whole volume of the pool are reduced.

With a shrimp planting density of up to 30 pcs / m ^{2 of} the pool bottom and the presence of the above number of shelters, the most complete use of the pool area is ensured. A decrease in density reduces the efficiency of capacity utilization, and an increase increases cannibalism.

Maintaining a water temperature in the range of 21-26 ° C provides the greatest survival of shrimp. A further increase in water temperature increases the physiological activity of shrimp and their nutritional needs, the frequency of molts, which ultimately sharply increases cannibalism.

A drop in water temperature below 21 ° C reduces the physiological activity of shrimp, and cases of cannibalism are rare, but shrimp survival is also reduced. The main reason for the death of aquatic organisms in this case is the impossibility of full molting at low water temperatures. Shrimps are not able to completely throw off the old exuvium, which leads to their death.

Example. The average weight of shrimp imported from Astrakhan was 45 g, and the total amount was 6521. Shelters in the form of branches of artificial plants made of plastic, as well as scraps of polypropylene pipes based on 15 m2 ^of shelter area in each cubic meter of pool water, were placed in pools with water circulation intended for shrimp. After this, the shrimp were planted in pools with a planting density of 30 pcs / m ^{2 of} bottom and at the same time 25 individuals per 1 m ^{2 of} shelters. As a result, 217 m ² (131 pieces) of fish hatcheries loaded with a bulk substrate in the form of shelters with a total area of 237 m ^{2 were used} . Shrimp was fed sturgeon feed with a protein content of 35%, in the amount of 1% per day of body weight. The water temperature was maintained in the range of 25 ° C.

Shrimp survival for a period of 29 to 33 days under the above conditions was at least 80%.

Claims (1)

The method of keeping adult shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii, including planting individuals in a pool with a closed water supply cycle, equipped with a volumetric substrate, and feeding, characterized in that the volumetric substrate is placed in the pool in an amount of not more than 10-15 m ² / m ³ and planting density shrimp is determined as the density of landing on the area of the substrate and the bottom in the amount of 25-30 pcs / m ² and up to 30 pcs / m ^2, respectively, while the temperature in the pool is set to 21-26 ° C.