CN116314453A - 一种TOPCon太阳能电池的制备方法及电池 - Google Patents
一种TOPCon太阳能电池的制备方法及电池 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种TOPCon太阳能电池的制备方法及电池,包括:(1)对硅片进行清洗制绒;(2)采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积的方法,正面沉积含硼氧化硅层,背面沉积遂穿氧化硅层以及掺杂多晶硅层;(3)管式炉高温退火;(4)化学清洗;(5)管式炉双面氧化;(6)正面沉积第一钝化膜层;(7)背面沉积第二钝化膜层;(8)背面、正面分别制备电极;(9)经过光注入处理后得到TOPCon太阳能电池。由本发明提供的方法制备得到的TOPCon电池转换效率高,工艺步骤少,流程较传统工艺更加简单,同时设备投资也少,适用于商业化大批量生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于太阳能电池技术领域,具体涉及一种TOPCon太阳能电池的制备方法及电池。
背景技术
随着经济全球化进程的不断加速和工业经济的迅猛发展,世界范围内的能源短缺和环境污染已成为制约人类社会可持续发展的重要问题,大力发展可再生无污染的能源十分迫切。而太阳能的取之不尽、用之不竭以及无污染的特性受到越来越多政府和人们的重视,光伏技术不断的发展,作为将太阳能转化为电能的半导体器件的太阳能电池产品也得到了快速的开发。
近年来,N型太阳能电池因光致衰减低,稳定性好,双面发电等优良特性而受到广泛关注,N型太阳能电池在光伏市场的占比越来越大。2022年,TOPCon量产提速,光伏电池厂商开始布局规模化的TOPCon量产线。TOPCon能规模化的量产的主要原因在于其可以最大程度兼容PERC产线,量产难度低于其它N型电池技术,有机构预测2023年中国TOPCon电池产能有望超过300GW。
但是TOPCon技术相比PERC技术工艺步骤明显增加,需要12-13步,工序增加将带来规模化生产管理控制难度。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术中的不足,提供一种新型的TOPCon太阳能电池的制备方法及电池,电池转换效率高,工艺步骤少,流程较传统工艺更加简单,同时设备投资也少,适用于商业化大批量生产。
技术方案:本发明所述的一种TOPCon太阳能电池的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1) 对硅片进行清洗制绒;
(2) 对硅片采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积的方法,正面沉积含硼氧化硅层,背面沉积遂穿氧化硅层以及掺杂多晶硅层;
(3) 对硅片使用管式炉进行高温退火;
(4) 对硅片进行化学清洗;
(5) 对硅片使用管式炉进行双面氧化;
(6) 在硅片正面沉积第一钝化膜层;
(7) 在硅片背面沉积第二钝化膜层;
(8) 在硅片背面、正面分别制备电极;
(9) 光注入处理。
在一些实施方式中,步骤(2)中,所述正面沉积含硼氧化硅层,需要通入的反应气体及流量分别为硅烷1000-4000sccm,一氧化二氮3000-5000sccm、乙硼烷100-500sccm、氢气200-300sccm。
在一些实施方式中,步骤(2)中,所述正面含硼氧化硅层的厚度为60-200nm,背面遂穿氧化硅层的厚度为1-3nm,掺杂多晶硅层的厚度为50-250nm。
在一些实施方式中,步骤(2)中,所述掺杂多晶硅层中的掺杂元素为磷和碳。
在一些实施方式中,步骤(2)中,所述沉积掺杂多晶硅层,需要通入的反应气体及流量分别为硅烷1500-5000sccm,磷烷300-2500 sccm,甲烷50-300 sccm,氮气4000-7000sccm。
在一些实施方式中,步骤(3)中,所述高温退火使用的气体及流量分别为氧气1000-5000sccm,氮气500-8000sccm,温度为900-1080℃,时间为90-135min。
在一些实施方式中,步骤(5)中,所述双面氧化为正背面同时生长氧化硅层,控制温度为550-750℃,厚度为3-6nm。
在一些实施方式中,步骤(6)中,所述第一钝化膜层包括由内向外依次镀设的氧化铝层和复合介质层,所述复合介质层包括氮化硅层、氮氧化硅层和氧化硅层中的一种或多种;所述氧化铝层的厚度为6-20 nm,所述复合介质层的厚度为55-90 nm。
在一些实施方式中,步骤(7)中,所述第二钝化膜层包括氮化硅层、氮氧化硅层和氧化硅层中的一种或多种,其总厚度为60-95 nm。
另一方面,本发明还公开了一种TOPCon太阳能电池,该电池由所述的制备方法制备得到。
有益效果:本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点:
通过等离子体增强化学气相沉积的方法,连续沉积正面固态硼源,背面遂穿氧化硅层以及掺杂多晶硅层,最后通过一步退火的方法完成正面硼发射极制作以及背面掺杂多晶硅的晶化,这样可以有效减少TOPCon电池的工艺步骤,减少设备数量,提高了生产产能。
此外,使用等离子体增强化学气相沉积方法制作的硼发射极具有无富硼层、对绒面金字塔损伤小、无绕镀,均匀性好等优点,完全具备工业化制备高效TOPCon电池的可行性。
附图说明
图1为本发明一个实施例TOPCon太阳能电池的制备方法流程示意图。
实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
下面通过具体的实施例子并结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细描述。
实施例
如图1所示,一种TOPCon太阳能电池的制备方法及电池,流程包括:
S01:N型硅片进行清洗制绒;
S02:采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积的方法,正面沉积含硼氧化硅层,背面沉积遂穿氧化硅层以及掺杂多晶硅层;
S03: 使用管式炉进行高温退火;
S04: 化学清洗;
S05: 使用管式炉正背面生长氧化硅层;
S06: 正面沉积第一钝化膜层;
第一膜层包括由内向外依次镀设的氧化铝层和复合介质层,复合介质层包括氮化硅层、氮氧化硅层和氧化硅层中的一种或多种,氮化硅层、氮氧化硅层和氧化硅层为独立的一层,三层镀设不分顺序,具有多种排列方式;其中,氧化铝层、氮化硅层、氮氧化硅层和氧化硅层为单层或多层,多层是指:镀设氧化铝层可以镀设多层,镀设氮化硅层可以镀设多层,镀设氮氧化硅层可以镀设多层,镀设氧化硅层可以镀设多层。
S07: 背面沉积第二钝化膜层;
第二钝化膜层包括氮化硅层、氮氧化硅层和氧化硅层中的一种或多种,氮化硅层、氮氧化硅层和氧化硅层为独立的一层,三层镀设不分顺序,具有多种排列方式;其中,氮化硅层、氮氧化硅层和氧化硅层为单层或多层。
S08: 背面、正面分别制备电极;
S09: 光注入处理;
实施例
一种TOPCon太阳能电池的制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)选取N型硅片,电阻率为1.0Ω.cm,用碱溶液及制绒添加剂对硅片进行制绒;
(2)将硅片置于等离子体增强化学气相沉积设备中,先沉积固态的含硼氧化硅层,通入反应气体硅烷3000sccm,一氧化二氮4200sccm、乙硼烷230sccm、氢气290sccm,厚度为160nm。接着背面沉积遂穿氧化硅层和掺杂多晶硅层,通入反应气体氧气1500sccm,硅烷2800sccm,磷烷1300 sccm,甲烷120 sccm,氮气5500 sccm,遂穿氧化硅层厚度1.7nm,掺杂多晶硅层厚度120nm;
(3)使用管式炉在980℃温度下退火110min,使用的气体及流量分别为氧气3000sccm,氮气5000sccm;
(4)化学清洗去除退火后正、背面的氧化层以及边缘的PN结;
(5)继续使用管式炉正背面生长氧化硅层,工艺温度650℃,氧化硅厚度为3nm;
(6)正面沉积第一膜层,第一膜层包括氧化铝层和复合介质层,具体地:首先沉积氧化铝层,厚度为16 nm,再依次沉积复合介质层氮化硅层、氮氧化硅层和氧化硅层,其中,氮化硅层的厚度为35nm,氮氧化硅层的厚度为30nm,氧化硅层的厚度为10nm;
(7)背面沉积第二膜层,第二膜层包括氮化硅层、氮氧化硅层和氧化硅层,其中,氮化硅层的厚度为30nm,氮氧化硅层的厚度为25nm,氧化硅层的厚度为25nm;
(8)通过丝网印刷的方式背面印刷银浆,正面印刷银铝浆,经烧结后完成金属电极;
(9)通过光注入(光强13000 W/m2)的方式进行进一步的处理后,完成该TOPCon太阳能电池的制备。
对比例
传统的TOPCon电池制作工艺:制绒、管式扩散炉硼扩散、碱抛光、背面沉积遂穿氧化层和掺杂多晶硅、高温退火、化学清洗、正面沉积第一膜层、背面沉积第二膜层、正背面金属电极制备。
实施例和对比例结果对比:
表1 实施例和对比例的表征结果
分组 | iVoc(mV) | J0(fA/cm2) |
实施例2 | 745 | 3.0 |
对比例 | 743 | 3.1 |
表2 实施例和对比例的电性能结果
分组 | Uoc(V) | Isc(A) | FF(%) | Efficiency(%) |
实施例2 | 0.7139 | 13.341 | 83.74 | 24.16 |
对比例 | 0.7128 | 13.343 | 83.81 | 24.14 |
通过表1的数据对比,实施例相比对比例钝化表征结果略微提高一些;通过表2的数据对比,实施例相比对比例电性能,效率有0.02%的提升。
通过以上数据表明,本发明的一种TOPCon太阳能电池的制备方法及电池,相比于目前传统的制备方法,测试结果具有优势,并且其可以有效减少制作工艺步骤,具备大批量生产的应用前景。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上,然而并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,当可利用上述揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例,但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种TOPCon太阳能电池的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1) 对硅片进行清洗制绒;
(2) 对硅片采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积的方法,正面沉积含硼氧化硅层,背面沉积遂穿氧化硅层以及掺杂多晶硅层;
(3) 对硅片使用管式炉进行高温退火;
(4) 对硅片进行化学清洗;
(5) 对硅片使用管式炉进行双面氧化;
(6) 在硅片正面沉积第一钝化膜层;
(7) 在硅片背面沉积第二钝化膜层;
(8) 在硅片背面、正面分别制备电极;
(9) 光注入处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种TOPCon太阳能电池的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,所述正面沉积含硼氧化硅层,需要通入的反应气体及流量分别为硅烷1000-4000sccm,一氧化二氮3000-5000sccm、乙硼烷100-500sccm、氢气200-300sccm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种TOPCon太阳能电池的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,所述正面含硼氧化硅层的厚度为60-200nm,背面遂穿氧化硅层的厚度为1-3nm,掺杂多晶硅层的厚度为50-250nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种TOPCon太阳能电池的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,所述掺杂多晶硅层中的掺杂元素为磷和碳。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种TOPCon太阳能电池的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,所述沉积掺杂多晶硅层,需要通入的反应气体及流量分别为硅烷1500-5000sccm,磷烷300-2500 sccm,甲烷50-300 sccm,氮气4000-7000 sccm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种TOPCon太阳能电池的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,所述高温退火使用的气体及流量分别为氧气1000-5000sccm,氮气500-8000sccm,温度为900-1080℃,时间为90-135min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种TOPCon太阳能电池的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)中,所述双面氧化为正背面同时生长氧化硅层,控制温度为550-750℃,厚度为3-6nm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种TOPCon太阳能电池的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(6)中,所述第一钝化膜层包括由内向外依次镀设的氧化铝层和复合介质层,所述复合介质层包括氮化硅层、氮氧化硅层和氧化硅层中的一种或多种;所述氧化铝层的厚度为6-20 nm,所述复合介质层的厚度为55-90 nm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种TOPCon太阳能电池的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(7)中,所述第二钝化膜层包括氮化硅层、氮氧化硅层和氧化硅层中的一种或多种,其总厚度为60-95 nm。
10.一种TOPCon太阳能电池,其特征在于:该电池由权利要求1-9任意一项所述的制备方法制备得到。
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