CN111987191A - 一种修复perc电池激光开膜损伤的方法 - Google Patents
一种修复perc电池激光开膜损伤的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种修复PERC电池激光开膜损伤的方法,包括对P型单晶硅片的正面和反面进行制绒且在正面和/或反面进行磷扩散形成磷掺杂面;使用激光器对P型单晶硅片的正面进行局域掺杂制作选择性发射极;经过背面刻蚀、热氧化、在背面沉积氧化铝与氮化硅叠层或氮化硅与氮氧化硅叠层和在正面沉积钝化减反射层,进行激光开膜和损伤修复,实现损伤区域的固相外延生长,使晶硅重新结晶恢复有序排列。本发明无需通过热处理设备,节约处理时长和能源成本,对膜层下硅衬底的损伤进行高效修复,进而提高PERC太阳能电池的转换效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能电池领域,特别涉及一种修复PERC电池激光开膜损伤的方法。
背景技术
PERC电池,背面采用氧化铝/氮化硅的叠层或是氮化硅/氮氧化硅的叠层钝化结构。这些叠层结构都无法被铝浆在高温下烧穿形成良好的接触,必须使用激光将膜层消融,打开铝浆与硅基底的接触通道。在激光开膜的过程中,激光消融膜层后,不可避免的会造成膜层下硅衬底的损伤。现在采用的办法多为使用额外的高温热处理设备。
例如,CN110676346A公开了一种PERC电池激光开槽的制作方法,使用激光开槽设备按照特定图形在硅片背面进行开槽,通过二氧化硅膜层的钝化作用对激光开槽处硅片损伤层进行表面钝化,消除激光开槽处由于硅片损伤导致的载流子复合,从而提升最终电池电池片的光电转换效率。采用的高温热处理设备为热氧化机台炉管内加热,炉管内温度650-750℃。
CN110739366A发明公开了一种修复PERC太阳能电池背膜激光开槽损伤的方法,其在背面开槽之后,将硅片置入热处理设备,所述热处理设备包括高温激活区和低温修复区,所述硅片在高温激活区内进行高温热退火处理,以增加硅基底的整体晶格热运动;然后在低温修复区内进行低温热退火处理,以使硅基底重结晶。基底硅在经过高温激活-低温重结晶的过程后使得基底硅激光损伤区得到明显的修复,从而减少由于激光损伤造成的复合损失,增加了开路电压Voc,进而提高PERC太阳能电池的转换效率。
现有技术都需要增加热处理设备,处理时间长,亟待一种成本低廉、对膜层下硅衬底的损伤进行高效修复的方法,进而提高PERC太阳能电池的转换效率。
发明内容
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点,本发明使用一种激光对损伤区域进行修复的方法,使损伤区域局部液化并再次固相外延生长,形成完整晶相的晶体硅。本发明的目的在于提供一种修复PERC电池激光开膜损伤的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
S1、对P型单晶硅片的正面和反面进行制绒,制备出金字塔形状的绒面结构;
S2、在所述P型单晶硅片的正面和/或反面进行磷扩散形成磷摻杂面;
S3、使用激光器对P型单晶硅片的正面进行局域掺杂,形成PN结作为选择性发射极;激光掺杂后方阻为60-100Ω;
S4、用酸或减溶液对P型单晶硅片进行清洗和背面刻蚀,去除背面扩散层和侧面导电通道;
S5、在管式热氧化炉中对P型单晶硅片进行热氧化;
S6、在背面沉积氧化铝与氮化硅叠层或氮化硅与氮氧化硅叠层;
S7、在正面沉积钝化减反射层;
S8、激光开膜和损伤修复:使用第一激光器1开膜后,在旋转台面的下一个工位,使用第二激光器对开膜后的损伤区域进行扫描,实现损伤区域的固相外延生长,使晶硅重新结晶恢复有序排列;
S9、在背面印刷第一电极和电场,在正面印刷第二电极。
作为本发明实施方式的进一步改进,在步骤S2中单面或双面磷扩散的工艺条件为在管式磷扩散炉中温度为500-900℃,通入三氯氧磷、干氧、氮气等气体进行扩散,扩散后方块电阻为80-200Ω,掺杂层厚度为0.2-1um。
作为本发明实施方式的进一步改进,步骤S5中热氧化的具体条件为在管式热氧化炉中温度为500-800℃,通入干氧、氮气等气体进行热氧化,氧化层厚度为1-30nm。
作为本发明实施方式的进一步改进,步骤S6具体为使用ALD或PECVD设备,通入Al(CH)3、SiH4、NH3、H2O、O2、O3等气体进行背面钝化层叠层沉积,氧化铝沉积厚度为1-10nm,氮化硅沉积厚度为40-200nm,氮氧化硅沉积厚度为 5-40nm。
作为本发明实施方式的进一步改进,步骤S7正面沉积钝化减反射层具体包括:使用PECVD设备,通入SiH4、NH3等气体沉积氮化硅薄膜,PECVD炉管温度为400-600℃,氮化硅沉积厚度为40-200nm。
作为本发明实施方式的进一步改进,步骤S8中激光开膜和损伤修复时,第二激光器的光斑小于第一激光器的光斑,第二激光器的能量也小于第一激光器的能量。
作为本发明实施方式的进一步改进,所述S9中具体包括使用快速烧结炉使浆料在正面和背面形成金属电极,烧结炉处理时间1-5mins,温度为200-900℃。
作为本发明实施方式的进一步改进,所述S1中具体为采用KOH或NaOH 溶液对硅片进行制绒,制备出金字塔底座边长1-3μm的绒面结构。
作为本发明实施方式的进一步改进,步骤S4中背面刻蚀的具体工艺为用 HF和HF/HNO3/H2SO4溶液对硅片进行清洗和背面刻蚀。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明在现有技术中传统制备方法的基础上,通过在使用第一激光器开膜后,在旋转台面的下一个工位使用第二激光器对开膜后的损伤区域进行扫描,实现损伤区域的固相外延生长,使晶硅重新结晶恢复有序排列,不需要额外增加大型设备和处理工序,不需要额外消耗热源,仅增加一个激光器实现同步损伤修复,更有效,速度快,节约了能耗和生产工艺时间,进而提高PERC太阳能电池的转换效率。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的目的在于提供一种修复PERC电池激光开膜损伤的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、对P型单晶硅片的正面和反面进行制绒,制备出金字塔形状的绒面结构;具体为采用KOH或NaOH溶液对硅片进行制绒,制备出金字塔底座边长 1-3μm的绒面结构;
S2、在所述P型单晶硅片的正面和/或反面进行磷扩散形成磷摻杂面;单面或双面磷扩散的工艺条件为在管式磷扩散炉中温度为500-900℃,通入三氯氧磷、干氧、氮气等气体进行扩散,扩散后方块电阻为80-200Ω,掺杂层厚度为 0.2-1um;
S3、使用激光器对P型单晶硅片的正面进行局域掺杂,形成PN结作为选择性发射极;激光掺杂后方阻为60-100Ω;
S4、用酸或减溶液对P型单晶硅片进行清洗和背面刻蚀,去除背面扩散层和侧面导电通道步骤S4中背面刻蚀的具体工艺为用HF和HF/HNO3/H2SO4溶液对硅片进行清洗和背面刻蚀;
S5、在管式热氧化炉中对P型单晶硅片进行热氧化;热氧化的具体条件为在管式热氧化炉中温度为500-800℃,通入干氧、氮气等气体进行热氧化,氧化层厚度为1-30nm;
S6、在背面沉积氧化铝与氮化硅叠层或氮化硅与氮氧化硅叠层;
S7、在正面沉积钝化减反射层;
S8、激光开膜和损伤修复:使用第一激光器1开膜后,在旋转台面的下一个工位,使用第二激光器对开膜后的损伤区域进行扫描,实现损伤区域的固相外延生长,使晶硅重新结晶恢复有序排列;
S9、在背面印刷第一电极和电场,在正面印刷第二电极;具体包括使用快速烧结炉使浆料在正面和背面形成金属电极,烧结炉处理时间1-5mins,温度为 200-900℃。
其中,步骤S6中制备叠层的工艺具体为使用ALD或PECVD设备,通入 Al(CH)3、SiH4、NH3、H2O、O2、O3等气体进行背面钝化层叠层沉积,氧化铝沉积厚度为1-10nm,氮化硅沉积厚度为40-200nm,氮氧化硅沉积厚度为5-40nm。
在本发明实施例中,步骤S7正面沉积钝化减反射层具体包括:使用PECVD 设备,通入SiH4、NH3等气体沉积氮化硅薄膜,PECVD炉管温度为400-600℃,氮化硅沉积厚度为40-200nm。
步骤S8中激光开膜和损伤修复时,第二激光器的光斑小于第一激光器的光斑,第二激光器的能量也小于第一激光器的能量。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明在现有技术中传统制备方法的基础上,通过在使用第一激光器开膜后,在旋转台面的下一个工位使用第二激光器对开膜后的损伤区域进行扫描,实现损伤区域的固相外延生长,使晶硅重新结晶恢复有序排列,不需要额外增加大型设备和处理工序,不需要额外消耗热源,仅增加一个激光器实现同步损伤修复,更有效,速度快,节约了能耗和生产工艺时间,进而提高PERC太阳能电池的转换效率。
上述所有可选技术方案,可以采用任意结合形成本发明的可选实施例,在此不再一一赘述。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种修复PERC电池激光开膜损伤的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
S1、对P型单晶硅片的正面和反面进行制绒,制备出金字塔形状的绒面结构:
S2、在所述P型单晶硅片的正面和/或反面进行磷扩散形成磷掺杂面;
S3、使用激光器对P型单晶硅片的正面进行局域掺杂,形成PN结作为选择性发射极;激光掺杂后方阻为60-100Ω;
S4、用酸或减溶液对P型单晶硅片进行清洗和背面刻蚀,去除背面扩散层和侧面导电通道;
S5、在管式热氧化炉中对P型单晶硅片进行热氧化;
S6、在背面沉积氧化铝与氮化硅叠层或氮化硅与氮氧化硅叠层;
S7、在正面沉积钝化减反射层;
S8、激光开膜和损伤修复:使用第一激光器开膜后,在旋转台面的下一个工位,使用第二激光器对开膜后的损伤区域进行扫描,实现损伤区域的固相外延生长,使晶硅重新结晶恢复有序排列;
S9、在背面印刷第一电极和电场,在正面印刷第二电极。
2.根据权利要求1所述的修复PERC电池激光开膜损伤的方法,其特征在于,在步骤S2中单面或双面磷扩散的工艺条件为在管式磷扩散炉中温度为500-900℃,通入三氯氧磷、干氧、氮气等气体进行扩散,扩散后方块电阻为80-200Ω,掺杂层厚度为0.2-1um。
3.根据权利要求1所述的修复PERC电池激光开膜损伤的方法,其特征在于,步骤S5中热氧化的具体条件为在管式热氧化炉中温度为500-800℃,通入干氧、氮气等气体进行热氧化,氧化层厚度为1-30nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的修复PERC电池激光开膜损伤的方法,其特征在于,步骤S6具体为使用ALD或PECVD设备,通入Al(CH)3、SiH4、NH3、H2O、O2、O3等气体进行背面钝化层叠层沉积,氧化铝沉积厚度为1-10nm,氮化硅沉积厚度为40-200nm,氮氧化硅沉积厚度为5-40nm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的修复PERC电池激光开膜损伤的方法,其特征在于,步骤S7正面沉积钝化减反射层具体包括:使用PECVD设备,通入SiH4、NH3等气体沉积氮化硅薄膜,PECVD炉管温度为400-600℃,氮化硅沉积厚度为40-200nm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的修复PERC电池激光开膜损伤的方法,其特征在于,步骤S8中激光开膜和损伤修复时,第二激光器的光斑小于第一激光器的光斑,第二激光器的能量也小于第一激光器的能量。
7.根据权利要求1所述的修复PERC电池激光开膜损伤的方法,其特征在于,所述S9中具体包括使用快速烧结炉使浆料在正面和背面形成金属电极,烧结炉处理时间1-5mins,温度为200-900℃。
8.根据权利要求1所述的修复PERC电池激光开膜损伤的方法,其特征在于,所述S1中具体为采用KOH或NaOH溶液对硅片进行制绒,制备出金字塔底座边长1-3μm的绒面结构。
9.根据权利要求1所述的修复PERC电池激光开膜损伤的方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中背面刻蚀的具体工艺为用HF和HF/HNO3/H2SO4溶液对硅片进行清洗和背面刻蚀。
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