CN116283255B - 一种用于低固相含量陶瓷浆料的直写3d打印方法 - Google Patents
一种用于低固相含量陶瓷浆料的直写3d打印方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及陶瓷材料增材制造技术领域，具体涉及一种陶瓷浆料制备方法，包括以下步骤：将陶瓷材料微粒和二氧化硅纳米粒子以1∶1～2的重量比混合后，倒入去离子水中形成混合液，使固态颗粒在混合液中的固态含量占比为30％～40％，利用超声处理使固体颗粒在混合液中的分散得到陶瓷浆料。本发明还提供一种精密直写3D打印方法，包括：S1、在基板上设置加热板，在加热板上设置吸水微孔石膏板；S2、对加热板进行预热，将陶瓷浆料注入直写3D打印机的针管中在吸水微孔石膏板上进行直写3D打印得到陶瓷件中间体；S3、在打印完成后将带有吸水微孔石膏板的陶瓷件中间体放入温箱烧结成为三维零件，具有打印精度高、成本低以及效率高的优势，实用性佳。
Description
本案是以申请日为2022-11-01，申请号为CN202211355213.7，名称为“一种陶瓷浆料制备方法以及一种精密直写3D打印方法”的发明专利为母案而进行的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷材料增材制造技术领域，具体涉及一种用于低固相含量陶瓷浆料的直写3D打印方法。
背景技术
传统的陶瓷零件制备工艺分为干粉压制工艺以及湿法工艺，干粉压制工艺通过将固相粉末压制入模具然后烧结制备陶瓷零件，湿法工艺包括注塑成型、流延成型、冷冻铸造或注浆成型，二者的原理均是将陶瓷基原料注入模具后固化烧结。传统的陶瓷零件制备工艺需要模具，存在成本高、周期长以及制作复杂的缺点。
直写3D打印是近年来最受欢迎的增材制造技术之一，按照工作原理归属于材料挤出式增材制造技术，其原理为：将材料制备为打印性能良好的墨水，通过活塞将墨水从活塞挤出通过层层堆积成为三维零件。
直写3D打印目前已经广泛应用于陶瓷零件的制备中。为了保持陶瓷浆料在直写3D打印过程中具有高粘度以保持成形的稳定性，现有技术均制备高固相含量的陶瓷浆料用于直写3D打印。例如，申请号为CN113045297B、名称为一种3D直写打印复合陶瓷浆料、制备方法及得到的陶瓷的授权发明专利公开了一种直写3D打印的高固相含量的复合陶瓷浆料。采用高固相含量的陶瓷浆料，必须选用内径较大的喷嘴才能将浆料挤出。然而，喷嘴内径越大，直写3D打印的打印精度越低。为实现精密直写3D打印，需要制备低固相含量的陶瓷浆料，但低固相含量的陶瓷浆料又无法满足在直写3D打印中保持形状稳定性的要求。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：提供一种用于低固相含量陶瓷浆料的直写3D打印方法，提高了低固相含量的陶瓷浆料在直写3D打印中的形状保持性。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：一种用于低固相含量陶瓷浆料的直写3D打印方法，包括以下步骤：
在基板上设置加热板，在加热板上设置吸水微孔石膏板；对加热板进行预热，将低固相含量陶瓷浆料注入直写3D打印机的针管中在吸水微孔石膏板上进行直写3D打印得到陶瓷件中间体；在打印完成后将带有吸水微孔石膏板的陶瓷件中间体放入温箱烧结成为三维零件。
进一步地，选用孔隙尺寸为0.5～1mm的吸水微孔石膏板。
进一步地，使吸水微孔石膏板的孔隙的长度方向垂直于基板。
进一步地，预热后的加热板的温度控制在65～75℃的范围内。
进一步地，在进行直写3D打印前先将低固相含量陶瓷浆料放入真空干燥机中进行干燥。
进一步地，在进行直写3D打印前，选用内径范围为0.05～0.15mm的喷嘴，预设喷嘴的移动速度为5mm/s～15mm/s，预设层高范围为0.05～0.15mm。
进一步地，将陶瓷件中间体放入温箱后，以20℃/min的升温速度从室温升至650℃～750℃并保温3～4小时，然后随室温冷却。
本发明的有益效果在于：提供一种陶瓷浆料制备方法以及一种精密直写3D打印方法，制备了低固相含量的陶瓷浆料，低固相含量的陶瓷浆料可以采用小内径的喷嘴实现精密直写3D打印，同时，通过在基板上设置加热板和吸水微孔石膏板提高了低固相含量的陶瓷浆料在直写3D打印中的形状保持性，具有打印精度高、成本低以及效率高的优势，实用性佳。
附图说明
图1为本发明的精密直写3D打印方法的流程示意图；
图2为本发明的精密直写3D打印方法的加热板和吸水微孔石膏板的安装位置示意图；
1、基板；2、加热板；3、吸水微孔石膏板。
具体实施方式
为详细说明本发明的技术内容、所实现目的及效果，以下结合实施方式并配合附图予以说明。
本发明提供一种陶瓷浆料制备方法以及一种精密直写3D打印方法，应用在直写3D打印技术中。
请参照图1至图2，一种陶瓷浆料制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将陶瓷材料微粒和二氧化硅纳米粒子以1∶1～2的重量比混合后，倒入去离子水中形成混合液，使固态颗粒在混合液中的固态含量占比为30％～40％，利用超声处理使固体颗粒在混合液中的分散得到陶瓷浆料。
从上述描述可知，本发明的有益效果在于：提供一种陶瓷浆料制备方法，制备了低固相含量的陶瓷浆料，低固相含量的陶瓷浆料可以采用小内径的喷嘴实现精密直写3D打印，同时，通过在基板1上设置加热板2和吸水微孔石膏板3提高了低固相含量的陶瓷浆料在直写3D打印中的形状保持性，具有打印精度高、成本低以及效率高的优势，实用性佳。
在可选实施例中，所述步骤具体包括：陶瓷材料微粒的粒径选择为7～12微米，二氧化硅纳米粒子的粒径选择为80～100纳米。
在可选实施例中，所述步骤具体包括：超声处理的时长为6～8小时。
本发明还提供一种精密直写3D打印方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、在基板1上设置加热板2，在加热板2上设置吸水微孔石膏板3；
S2、对加热板2进行预热，将陶瓷浆料注入直写3D打印机的针管中在吸水微孔石膏板3上进行直写3D打印得到陶瓷件中间体；
S3、在打印完成后将带有吸水微孔石膏板3的陶瓷件中间体放入温箱烧结成为三维零件。
从上述描述可知，本发明的有益效果在于：提供一种精密直写3D打印方法，制备了低固相含量的陶瓷浆料，低固相含量的陶瓷浆料可以采用小内径的喷嘴实现精密直写3D打印，同时，通过在基板1上设置加热板2和吸水微孔石膏板3提高了低固相含量的陶瓷浆料在直写3D打印中的形状保持性，具有打印精度高、成本低以及效率高的优势，实用性佳。
在可选实施例中，所述S1具体包括步骤S11：
选用孔隙尺寸为0.5～1mm的吸水微孔石膏板3。
在可选实施例中，所述S1具体包括步骤S12：
使吸水微孔石膏板3的孔隙的长度方向垂直于基板1.
在可选实施例中，所述S2具体包括步骤S21：
预热后的加热板2的温度控制在65～75℃的范围内。
在可选实施例中，所述S2具体包括步骤S22：
在进行直写3D打印前先将陶瓷浆料放入真空干燥机中进行干燥。
由上述描述可知，干燥可以去除浆料中的气泡。
在可选实施例中，所述S2具体包括步骤S23：
在进行直写3D打印前，选用内径范围为0.05～0.15mm的喷嘴，预设喷嘴的移动速度为5mm/s～15mm/s，预设层高范围为0.05～0.15mm。
在可选实施例中，所述S3具体包括步骤S31：
将陶瓷件中间体放入温箱后，以20℃/min的升温速度从室温升至650℃～750℃并保温3～4小时，然后随室温冷却。
请参照图1至图2，本发明的实施例一为：一种用于精密直写3D打印的陶瓷浆料；
该陶瓷浆料的制备过程为：陶瓷材料微粒和二氧化硅纳米粒子以1∶1～2的比例混合，混合的固态颗粒倒入去离子水中形成混合液，固态颗粒在混合液中的固态含量为30％-40％；利用超声处理实现固体颗粒在混合液中的分散。
优选地，陶瓷材料微粒可选用碳化硅陶瓷微粒，氮化硅陶瓷微粒，氮化硼陶瓷微粒，氮化铝陶瓷微粒，氧化锆陶瓷微粒中的其中一种。
优选地，陶瓷材料微粒的粒子直径为7-12微米。
优选地，二氧化硅纳米粒子的粒子直径为80-100纳米。
优选地，超声处理时间为6-8小时。
优选地，获得的陶瓷浆料粘度为300-1000Pa·s。
请参照图1至图2，本发明的实施例二为：一种针对制备的陶瓷浆料的直写3D打印方法；包括以下步骤：
S1、在基板1上设置加热板2，在加热板2上设置吸水微孔石膏板3；
S2、预热加热板2，将陶瓷浆料注入直写3D打印机中的针管中进行直写3D打印；
S3、在打印完成后将带吸水微孔石膏板3的陶瓷件中间体放入温箱烧结成为三维零件。
在步骤S1中，加热板2放置在基板1上方，吸水微孔石膏板3放置在加热板2上方。
打印的陶瓷浆料沉积在吸水微孔石膏板3上。
优选地，吸水微孔石膏板3的孔隙尺寸为0.5-1毫米且孔隙长度方向垂直于基板1。
在步骤S2中，预热加热板2设置的温度为65-75℃；在将陶瓷浆料注入直写3D打印机中的针管中进行直写3D打印前将陶瓷浆料放入真空干燥机中进行干燥以去除浆料中的气泡；
在步骤S2中，进行直写3D打印时，喷嘴内径为0.05-0.15mm，喷嘴移动速度设置为5mm/s-15mm/s，层高设置为0.05-0.15mm。
在步骤S3中，温箱设置的温度为：以20℃/min的升温速度从室温升至650℃-750℃保温3-4小时，然后随室温冷却；冷却后从吸水微孔石膏板3上用刮刀取下陶瓷三维零件，完成3D打印。
所提出的一种针对制备的陶瓷浆料的直写3D打印方法能够实现低固相含量的陶瓷浆料在直写3D打印中保持形状稳定性的原因为：加热板2上设置的吸水微孔石膏板3中的微孔隙的毛细吸管效应将陶瓷浆料的水分快速吸走，且加热板2加速了直写3D打印过程中浆料的固化以提升陶瓷浆料在直写3D打印过程中的形状保持稳定性。
综上所述，本发明提供一种陶瓷浆料制备方法以及一种精密直写3D打印方法，制备了低固相含量的陶瓷浆料，低固相含量的陶瓷浆料可以采用小内径的喷嘴实现精密直写3D打印，同时，通过在基板上设置加热板和吸水微孔石膏板提高了低固相含量的陶瓷浆料在直写3D打印中的形状保持性，具有打印精度高、成本低以及效率高的优势，实用性佳。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等同变换，或直接或间接运用在相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于低固相含量陶瓷浆料的直写3D打印方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
在基板上设置加热板，在加热板上设置吸水微孔石膏板；对加热板进行预热，将低固相含量陶瓷浆料注入直写3D打印机的针管中在吸水微孔石膏板上进行直写3D打印得到陶瓷件中间体；在打印完成后将带有吸水微孔石膏板的陶瓷件中间体放入温箱烧结成为三维零件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于低固相含量陶瓷浆料的直写3D打印方法，其特征在于，选用孔隙尺寸为0.5～1mm的吸水微孔石膏板。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于低固相含量陶瓷浆料的直写3D打印方法，其特征在于，使吸水微孔石膏板的孔隙的长度方向垂直于基板。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于低固相含量陶瓷浆料的直写3D打印方法，其特征在于，预热后的加热板的温度控制在65～75℃的范围内。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于低固相含量陶瓷浆料的直写3D打印方法，其特征在于，在进行直写3D打印前先将低固相含量陶瓷浆料放入真空干燥机中进行干燥。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于低固相含量陶瓷浆料的直写3D打印方法，其特征在于，在进行直写3D打印前，选用内径范围为0.05～0.15mm的喷嘴，预设喷嘴的移动速度为5mm/s～15mm/s，预设层高范围为0.05～0.15mm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于低固相含量陶瓷浆料的直写3D打印方法，其特征在于，将陶瓷件中间体放入温箱后，以20℃/min的升温速度从室温升至650℃～750℃并保温3～4小时，然后随室温冷却。
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| CN110039903A (zh) * | 2018-01-16 | 2019-07-23 | 张彦振 | 一种基于卫星液滴的高分辨率打印新方法 |
| CN109365787A (zh) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-02-22 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | 一种负泊松比铝基点阵结构及其制备方法 |
| CN110228996A (zh) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-09-13 | 陕西博鼎快速精铸科技有限责任公司 | 一种基于浆料直写成型的陶瓷型芯制备方法 |
| KR20210085581A (ko) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-07-08 | 한국세라믹기술원 | 3차원 프린팅 방법에 의한 세라믹 성형체의 제조방법 및 세라믹 슬러리 수용 용기 |
| CN213734143U (zh) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-07-20 | 绍兴市本业纺织科技有限公司 | 一种带有干燥结构的数码打印机 |
| CN113666764A (zh) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-11-19 | 北京理工大学 | 一种短切碳纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷复合材料墨水直写成型方法 |
| KR102393830B1 (ko) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-05-04 | 이상규 | 3d프린터를 이용한 장신구 제조방법 |
| CN114750411A (zh) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-07-15 | 季华实验室 | 材料挤出式3d打印方法 |
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| CN116444257A (zh) | 2023-07-18 |
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