CN116268208A - Chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116268208A CN116268208A CN202310552076.4A CN202310552076A CN116268208A CN 116268208 A CN116268208 A CN 116268208A CN 202310552076 A CN202310552076 A CN 202310552076A CN 116268208 A CN116268208 A CN 116268208A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
- A23K20/121—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen or sulfur as hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of feed additives. The preparation method of the chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity comprises the following steps: preparing a first active ingredient, preparing a second active ingredient, mixing. The chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity can avoid the problems of poor palatability of livestock and poultry animal feed and large gastrointestinal irritation to livestock and poultry animal caused by direct and massive addition of Chinese herbal medicines in the prior art; the immunity of the livestock and poultry animals can be effectively improved while the high-temperature high-humidity heat stress resistance of the livestock and poultry animals is improved; and effectively improves the long-term stability of the feed additive in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment and avoids the invalidation of active ingredients.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of feed additives, in particular to a chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Animal heat stress refers to the sum of nonspecific physiological responses of the animal body at high ambient temperatures to any demands placed on the body by the heat environment. The nonspecific physiological response of animals to heat stress mainly comprises: wheezing, increased heart rate, increased oxidative metabolism in the body, increased metabolism of substances, and disturbed electrolyte balance.
In the prior art, the high-density intensive cultivation mode leads to the situation that livestock and poultry animals are easy to suffer from high-temperature and high-humidity cultivation environments and are easy to generate high-temperature and high-humidity heat stress. And the global warming and the prolongation of the high-temperature period in summer are added, so that the occurrence of the situation is further aggravated. The high-temperature high-humidity heat stress can greatly influence the physiological functions, endocrine system, digestive system, autoimmune power and the like of livestock and poultry animals, so that the physiological functions are reduced, the endocrine system and the digestive system are disordered, the autoimmune power is obviously reduced, and finally the problems of low survival rate, high morbidity, low cultivation benefit and the like of the livestock and poultry animals are caused.
The feed additive is a core technology for preparing livestock and poultry feed. At present, feed additives developed in succession at home and abroad comprise microecologics, chemical preparations, enzyme preparations, acidulants and the like. In order to solve the problems, the prior art discloses that a feed additive containing Chinese herbal medicine powder is added into livestock and poultry animal feed in a matched manner so as to improve the anti-stress capability and immunity of livestock and poultry animals.
However, the existing feed additive aims at improving the heat stress resistance of livestock and poultry animals, and the effect of improving the immunity needs to be further improved; meanwhile, the pharmacological and toxicological effects of the Chinese herbal medicine components on livestock and poultry animals are not clear, and a proper effect can be obtained only by a large amount of long-term application, and the direct and large addition of the Chinese herbal medicine can cause poor palatability of livestock and poultry animal feeds and large gastrointestinal irritation on livestock and poultry animals. Furthermore, the existing feed additive adopting Chinese herbal medicine components is stored in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, the active ingredients are easy to lose efficacy, and the long-term stability is required to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides the chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity and the preparation method thereof, which can avoid the problems of poor palatability of livestock and poultry animal feed and large gastrointestinal irritation to livestock and poultry animals caused by direct and massive addition of Chinese herbal medicine components; the immunity of the livestock and poultry animals can be effectively improved while the high-temperature high-humidity heat stress resistance of the livestock and poultry animals is improved; and effectively improves the long-term stability of the feed additive in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment and avoids the invalidation of active ingredients.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity comprises the following steps: preparing a first active ingredient, preparing a second active ingredient, mixing.
The preparation of the first active ingredient consists of the following steps: extracting and embedding active ingredients.
The active ingredients are extracted, the first raw material is cleaned by purified water with the volume of 10-15 times, then the water content of the raw material is 6-10wt% after heat preservation and drying at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, the raw material is ground to 100-120 meshes, and the raw material powder is obtained after sieving; adding the raw material powder into 20-25 times of ethanol solution, ultrasonically extracting for 30-60min at 40-50deg.C, and filtering to obtain a solid substance to obtain a first extract; putting the solid into an ethanol solution with 15-20 times of the weight of the solid, ultrasonically extracting for 30-60min at the temperature of 40-50 ℃, and filtering out the solid to obtain a second extract; adding the solid into ethanol solution with 10-12 times of weight, performing microwave extraction for 10-15min, and filtering to obtain third extract; mixing the first extractive solution, the second extractive solution, and the third extractive solution, and concentrating at 45-55deg.C under vacuum degree of 0.06-0.08MPa to 30-40% of the original volume to obtain active ingredient solution.
In the extraction of the active ingredients, the first raw material consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of green tea, 10-12 parts of passion flower, 7.5-8.5 parts of blackberry lily, 7.5-8.5 parts of dandelion, 6-7 parts of cinnamon, 4-5 parts of giant knotweed and 4-5 parts of herba patriniae.
In the extraction of the active ingredients, the volume concentration of ethanol in the ethanol solution is 60-70%;
in ultrasonic extraction, the ultrasonic frequency is 35-45kHz, and the ultrasonic power is 350-450W;
in the microwave extraction, intermittent microwave radiation is adopted to control the temperature to be 45-55 ℃, the microwave frequency to be 2200-2300MHz and the microwave power to be 400-500W.
The embedding treatment, namely putting maltodextrin, sodium alginate and gelatin into deionized water, heating to 50-60 ℃, and stirring until the maltodextrin, the sodium alginate and the gelatin are completely dissolved to prepare wall material liquid; adding zeolite powder and tween-80 into the active component liquid, and uniformly dispersing to obtain emulsified core material liquid; adding the emulsified core material liquid into wall material liquid with the volume of 2-2.5 times, homogenizing for 2-3 times under high pressure, and spray drying to obtain the first active ingredient.
In the embedding treatment, the concentration of maltodextrin in the wall material liquid is 15-18wt%, the concentration of sodium alginate is 0.5-0.8wt% and the concentration of gelatin is 0.2-0.3wt%;
in the emulsified core material liquid, the weight ratio of the zeolite powder to the tween-80 to the active component liquid is 10-12:0.2-0.3:100;
the high-pressure homogenizing pressure is 20-22MPa, and the single time of high-pressure homogenizing is 30-40min.
The second active ingredient is prepared, chitosan is dissolved in acetic acid solution with the concentration of 0.8-1wt percent, and the concentration of the chitosan is controlled to be 1-1.5g/L; continuously adding corn protein powder, tween-80 and the second raw material under stirring, dispersing uniformly, standing for 30-60min, and spray drying to obtain the second active ingredient.
In the preparation of the second active ingredient, the weight ratio of the chitosan to the corn gluten meal to the tween-80 to the second raw material is 10-12:20-25:1-2:4-5.
In the preparation of the second active ingredient, the second raw material consists of the following components in parts by weight: 8-9 parts of a clematis extract, 8-9 parts of a licorice extract and 5-6 parts of a physalis alkekengi extract;
the particle size specification of the amaranthus spinosus extract is 80-100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10-20:1;
the grain size specification of the licorice extract is 80-100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10-20:1;
the particle size of the acid pulp extract is 80-100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10-20:1.
The chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity is prepared by uniformly mixing the first active ingredient, the second active ingredient, the compound amino acid, fish oil, shell powder, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, magnesium stearate and calcium hydrophosphate.
In the mixing, the weight ratio of the first active ingredient to the second active ingredient to the compound amino acid to the fish oil to the shell powder to the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to the magnesium stearate to the calcium hydrophosphate is 30-35:10-12:2-3:8-10:3-4:0.1-0.2:0.2-0.3:0.2-0.3;
in the mixing, the compound amino acid consists of the following components in parts by weight: lysine 5-6 parts, methionine 1-2 parts, threonine 1-2 parts.
A chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity is prepared by the method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The preparation method of the chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity comprises the steps of selecting a first raw material with specific composition and proportion; the first active ingredient is prepared by embedding the active ingredient liquid of the first raw material with the specific wall material and the core material. The second active ingredient is prepared by selecting a second raw material with specific composition and proportion and matching the second raw material with chitosan. The first active ingredient and the second active ingredient are used for preparing the chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity, so that the problems of poor palatability and large gastrointestinal irritation to livestock and poultry animal caused by direct and massive addition of Chinese herbal medicines in the prior art can be avoided; the immunity of the livestock and poultry animals can be effectively improved while the high-temperature high-humidity heat stress resistance of the livestock and poultry animals is improved; and effectively improves the long-term stability of the feed additive in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment and avoids the invalidation of active ingredients.
(2) According to the chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity, the inventor pertinently screens out a first raw material (green tea, passion flower, blackberry lily, dandelion, cinnamon, polygonum cuspidatum and north patrinia) and a second raw material (bitter stone, liquorice and acid pulp) with obvious anti-stress and immunoregulation effects and chitosan by establishing an animal high-temperature high-humidity heat stress model, an immunosuppression model and the like, and can effectively improve the anti-high-temperature high-humidity heat stress capability of animals while improving the non-specific immune function of animals, enhancing the phagocytic capability of macrophages, regulating the specific immunity and promoting the cellular immunity and humoral immunity functions by mutually matching the active ingredients and a specific preparation method.
(3) The chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity is used in daily ration of laying hens in an additive amount of 3.5wt% for continuous feeding for 35 days, has no vomiting or diarrhea, has good palatability, has small gastrointestinal irritation to laying hens and is easy to absorb active ingredients.
(4) According to the chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity, through experiments, the chitosan-containing feed additive is used in the daily ration of the experimental laying hens in an additive amount of 3.5wt%, the experimental laying hens are continuously fed for 35 days, and then the experimental laying hens are placed in an environment with the temperature of 22 ℃ and the humidity of 65%, and are continuously fed for 168 hours; transferring to 37 ℃ and 85% humidity environment, and continuously feeding for 168 hours; the percentage of the whole blood lymphocytes, the T lymphocyte conversion rate and the B lymphocyte conversion rate of the test laying hen are reduced to a certain extent, and the content of the plasma corticosterone is increased; however, after the test laying hen is separated from a high-temperature high-humidity environment, feeding the test laying hen for 36 hours at 22 ℃ under a 65% humidity environment, and rapidly recovering the whole blood lymphocyte percentage, the T lymphocyte conversion rate, the B lymphocyte conversion rate and the plasma corticosterone content of the test laying hen, so that the high-temperature high-humidity heat stress state can be rapidly relieved, and the original immunity level can be recovered; in the test process, the survival rate of the test laying hen is 100%, and the immunity can be improved while the high-temperature and high-humidity heat stress resistance is improved.
(5) The chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity has the stable storage time of 387-409 days at 40 ℃ under the environment of 75% humidity, and has good long-term stability.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in order to provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of the first active ingredient
1) Active ingredient extraction
Cleaning the first raw material with 10 times of purified water, then drying the raw material at 50 ℃ under the condition that the water content of the raw material is 6wt%, grinding to 100 meshes, and sieving to obtain raw material powder; adding the raw material powder into an ethanol solution with 20 times of weight, performing ultrasonic extraction at 40 ℃ for 30min, and filtering out solid matters to obtain a first extract; putting the solid into an ethanol solution with 15 times of weight, ultrasonically extracting for 30min at 40 ℃, and filtering out the solid to obtain a second extract; adding the solid into an ethanol solution with 10 times of weight, performing microwave extraction for 10min, and filtering the solid to obtain a third extract; mixing the first extractive solution, the second extractive solution, and the third extractive solution, and concentrating at 45deg.C under vacuum degree of 0.06MPa to 30% of the original volume to obtain active ingredient solution.
The first raw material consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of green tea, 10 parts of passion flower, 7.5 parts of blackberry lily, 7.5 parts of dandelion, 6 parts of cinnamon, 4 parts of giant knotweed and 4 parts of patrinia.
The volume concentration of ethanol in the ethanol solution was 60%.
In ultrasonic extraction, the ultrasonic frequency is 35kHz and the ultrasonic power is 350W.
In the microwave extraction, intermittent microwave radiation is adopted to control the temperature to 45 ℃, the microwave frequency to 2200MHz and the microwave power to 400W.
2) Embedding treatment
Adding maltodextrin, sodium alginate and gelatin into deionized water, heating to 50 ℃, and stirring until the maltodextrin, the sodium alginate and the gelatin are completely dissolved to prepare wall material liquid; adding zeolite powder and tween-80 into the active component liquid, and uniformly dispersing to obtain emulsified core material liquid; and (3) adding the emulsified core material liquid into wall material liquid with the volume being 2 times, homogenizing for 2 times under high pressure, and then performing spray drying to obtain the first active ingredient.
Wherein, in the wall material liquid, the concentration of maltodextrin is 15wt%, the concentration of sodium alginate is 0.5wt%, and the concentration of gelatin is 0.2wt%.
The weight ratio of the zeolite powder to the tween-80 to the active component liquid is 10:0.2:100.
The high-pressure homogenizing pressure is 20MPa, and the single time of high-pressure homogenizing is 30min.
2. Preparation of the second active ingredient
Dissolving chitosan in acetic acid solution with concentration of 0.8wt%, and controlling the concentration of chitosan to be 1g/L; continuously adding corn protein powder, tween-80 and the second raw material under stirring, dispersing uniformly, standing for 30min, and spray drying to obtain the second active ingredient.
Wherein the weight ratio of the chitosan to the corn gluten meal to the tween-80 to the second raw material is 10:20:1:4.
The second raw material consists of the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of a clematis extract, 8 parts of a licorice extract and 5 parts of a physalis alkekengi extract. Wherein, the amaranthus spinosus extract, the licorice extract and the acid pulp extract can be purchased from a commercial way, the particle size specification of each extract is 80 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10:1.
3. Mixing
Uniformly mixing the first active ingredient, the second active ingredient, the compound amino acid, fish oil, shell powder, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, magnesium stearate and calcium hydrophosphate to obtain the chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity.
Wherein the weight ratio of the first active ingredient to the second active ingredient to the compound amino acid to the fish oil to the shell powder to the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to the magnesium stearate to the calcium hydrophosphate is 25:10:2:8:3:0.1:0.2:0.2.
The compound amino acid consists of the following components in parts by weight: lysine 5 parts, methionine 1 part, threonine 1 part.
Example 2
A preparation method of a chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of the first active ingredient
1) Active ingredient extraction
Cleaning the first raw material with 12 times of purified water, then drying the raw material at 55 ℃ under the condition that the water content of the raw material is 7wt%, grinding the raw material to 110 meshes, and sieving the raw material to obtain raw material powder; adding raw material powder into an ethanol solution with the weight of 22 times of that of the raw material powder, carrying out ultrasonic extraction for 45min at the temperature of 45 ℃, and filtering out solid matters to obtain a first extract; putting the solid into an ethanol solution with 18 times of weight, ultrasonically extracting for 45min at the temperature of 45 ℃, and filtering out the solid to obtain a second extract; adding the solid into an ethanol solution with the weight being 11 times that of the solid, carrying out microwave extraction for 13min, and filtering the solid to obtain a third extract; and combining the first extract, the second extract and the third extract, and carrying out heat preservation and concentration at 50 ℃ to 35% of the original volume under the environment of 0.07MPa of vacuum degree to obtain the active ingredient liquid.
The first raw material consists of the following components in parts by weight: 11 parts of green tea, 11 parts of passion flower, 8 parts of blackberry lily, 8 parts of dandelion, 6.5 parts of cinnamon, 4.5 parts of giant knotweed and 4.5 parts of patrinia.
The volume concentration of ethanol in the ethanol solution was 65%.
In ultrasonic extraction, the ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz and the ultrasonic power is 400W.
In the microwave extraction, intermittent microwave radiation is adopted to control the temperature to 50 ℃, the microwave frequency to 2250MHz and the microwave power to 450W.
2) Embedding treatment
Adding maltodextrin, sodium alginate and gelatin into deionized water, heating to 55deg.C, stirring to dissolve completely to obtain wall material solution; adding zeolite powder and tween-80 into the active component liquid, and uniformly dispersing to obtain emulsified core material liquid; and (3) adding the emulsified core material liquid into the wall material liquid with the volume of 2.2 times, homogenizing for 3 times under high pressure, and performing spray drying to obtain the first active ingredient.
Wherein, in the wall material liquid, the concentration of maltodextrin is 17wt%, the concentration of sodium alginate is 0.6wt%, and the concentration of gelatin is 0.25wt%.
The weight ratio of the zeolite powder to the tween-80 to the active component liquid is 11:0.25:100.
The high-pressure homogenizing pressure is 21MPa, and the single time of high-pressure homogenizing is 35min.
2. Preparation of the second active ingredient
Dissolving chitosan in acetic acid solution with concentration of 1wt%, and controlling the concentration of chitosan to be 1.3g/L; continuously adding corn protein powder, tween-80 and a second raw material under stirring, dispersing uniformly, standing for 45min, and spray drying to obtain a second active ingredient.
Wherein the weight ratio of the chitosan to the corn gluten meal to the tween-80 to the second raw material is 11:23:1.5:4.5.
The second raw material consists of the following components in parts by weight: 8.5 parts of amaranthus extract, 8.5 parts of licorice extract and 5.5 parts of physalis alkekengi extract. Wherein, the amaranthus spinosus extract, the licorice extract and the acid pulp extract can be purchased from a commercial way, the particle size specification of each extract is 100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 20:1.
3. Mixing
Uniformly mixing the first active ingredient, the second active ingredient, the compound amino acid, fish oil, shell powder, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, magnesium stearate and calcium hydrophosphate to obtain the chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity.
Wherein the weight ratio of the first active ingredient to the second active ingredient to the compound amino acid to the fish oil to the shell powder to the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to the magnesium stearate to the calcium hydrophosphate is 28:11:2.5:9:3.5:0.15:0.25:0.25.
The compound amino acid consists of the following components in parts by weight: lysine 5.5 parts, methionine 1.5 parts, threonine 1.5 parts.
Example 3
A preparation method of a chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of the first active ingredient
1) Active ingredient extraction
Cleaning the first raw material with 15 times of purified water, then drying the raw material at 60 ℃ under the condition that the water content of the raw material is 10wt%, grinding to 120 meshes, and sieving to obtain raw material powder; adding the raw material powder into an ethanol solution with the weight being 25 times that of the raw material powder, carrying out ultrasonic extraction for 60min at the temperature of 50 ℃, and filtering out solid matters to obtain a first extract; putting the solid into an ethanol solution with 20 times of weight, ultrasonically extracting for 60min at 50 ℃, and filtering out the solid to obtain a second extract; adding the solid into 12 times of ethanol solution in weight portion, performing microwave extraction for 15min, and filtering the solid to obtain a third extract; mixing the first extractive solution, the second extractive solution, and the third extractive solution, and concentrating at 55deg.C under vacuum degree of 0.08MPa to 40% of the original volume to obtain active ingredient solution.
The first raw material consists of the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of green tea, 12 parts of passion flower, 8.5 parts of blackberry lily, 8.5 parts of dandelion, 7 parts of cinnamon, 5 parts of giant knotweed and 5 parts of patrinia.
The volume concentration of ethanol in the ethanol solution was 70%.
In ultrasonic extraction, the ultrasonic frequency is 45kHz and the ultrasonic power is 450W.
In the microwave extraction, intermittent microwave radiation is adopted to control the temperature to 55 ℃, the microwave frequency to 2300MHz and the microwave power to 500W.
2) Embedding treatment
Adding maltodextrin, sodium alginate and gelatin into deionized water, heating to 60 ℃, and stirring until the maltodextrin, the sodium alginate and the gelatin are completely dissolved to prepare wall material liquid; adding zeolite powder and tween-80 into the active component liquid, and uniformly dispersing to obtain emulsified core material liquid; and (3) adding the emulsified core material liquid into the wall material liquid with the volume of 2.5 times, homogenizing for 3 times under high pressure, and performing spray drying to obtain the first active ingredient.
Wherein, in the wall material liquid, the concentration of maltodextrin is 18wt%, the concentration of sodium alginate is 0.8wt%, and the concentration of gelatin is 0.3wt%.
The weight ratio of the zeolite powder to the tween-80 to the active component liquid is 12:0.3:100.
The high-pressure homogenizing pressure is 22MPa, and the single time of high-pressure homogenizing is 40min.
2. Preparation of the second active ingredient
Dissolving chitosan in acetic acid solution with concentration of 0.9wt%, and controlling the concentration of chitosan to be 1.5g/L; under stirring, continuously adding corn gluten meal, tween-80 and the second raw material, dispersing uniformly, standing for 60min, and spray drying to obtain the second active ingredient.
Wherein the weight ratio of the chitosan to the corn gluten meal to the tween-80 to the second raw material is 12:25:2:5.
The second raw material consists of the following components in parts by weight: 9 parts of a clematis extract, 9 parts of a licorice extract and 6 parts of a physalis alkekengi extract. Wherein, the amaranthus spinosus extract, the licorice extract and the acid pulp extract can be purchased from a commercial way, the particle size specification of each extract is 90 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 15:1.
3. Mixing
Uniformly mixing the first active ingredient, the second active ingredient, the compound amino acid, fish oil, shell powder, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, magnesium stearate and calcium hydrophosphate to obtain the chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity.
Wherein the weight ratio of the first active ingredient to the second active ingredient to the compound amino acid to the fish oil to the shell powder to the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to the magnesium stearate to the calcium hydrophosphate is 30:12:3:10:4:0.2:0.3:0.3.
The compound amino acid consists of the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of lysine, 2 parts of methionine and 2 parts of threonine.
Comparative example 1
In order to avoid unnecessary redundancy, the technical solution of embodiment 2 is adopted in comparative example 1, and the following modifications are made: 1) In the preparation of the first active ingredient, the embedding step is omitted, and the active ingredient liquid is freeze-dried to prepare the first active ingredient, and then the first active ingredient is mixed with other raw materials in the subsequent mixing step, wherein the addition amount is 40wt% of the original addition amount.
Comparative example 2
In order to avoid unnecessary redundancy, the technical solution of embodiment 2 is adopted in comparative example 2, and the following modifications are made: 1) The step of preparing the second active ingredient is omitted. 2) In the mixing step, the corn gluten meal, the second raw material and other raw materials in the mixing step are mixed to prepare the feed additive. Wherein the weight ratio of the corn gluten meal to the second raw material to the first active ingredient is 9:2:33.
Comparative example 3
In order to avoid unnecessary redundancy, the technical solution of embodiment 2 is adopted in comparative example 3, and the following modifications are made: 1) The first raw material is prepared by omitting passion flower, blackberry lily, giant knotweed rhizome and herba patriniae; 2) In the second raw material, the herba sophorae flavescentis extract and the acid pulp extract are omitted.
The feed additives prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were tested for heat stress resistance and immunity adjustment properties of animals. Specifically, 300 healthy laying hens (the laying hen variety is Jining Bai Ri) of 24 weeks old are selected as test subjects, and are randomly divided into 6 groups of 50 laying hens each.
The feed additives prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were added to conventional layer diet, respectively, and the addition amount of the feed additive was controlled to 3.5wt% based on the weight of the diet. Feeding 1-6 groups of layers for 35 days continuously. The corresponding relation is as follows: examples 1-3 correspond to groups 1-3, respectively; comparative examples 1 to 3 correspond to groups 4 to 6, respectively. During feeding, each group of laying hens are fed by independent fences, and eat and drink water freely. Before raising, the chicken house, the place in the fence, the trough and the water tank are cleaned and disinfected, and the conventional cleaning, epidemic disease immunization, disinfection and other works are performed during raising. And in the process of continuous feeding for 35 days, the condition of vomiting and diarrhea of the laying hens in each group is counted, and the vomiting rate and diarrhea rate are calculated. The specific results are as follows:
after the continuous feeding is finished for 35 days, placing each group of laying hens in an environment with the temperature of 22 ℃ and the humidity of 65%, continuously feeding for 168 hours, and keeping the addition of feed additives; at 168h, the layers in each group were subjected to sub-fin vein blood sampling, and the whole blood lymphocyte percentage, T lymphocyte conversion rate, B lymphocyte conversion rate and plasma corticosterone content of the layers under the environmental conditions of 22 ℃ and 65% humidity were measured and averaged.
Wherein, the percentage of whole blood lymphocytes is detected by adopting an ANAE staining method. T lymphocyte conversion rate and B lymphocyte conversion rate respectively use Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and bacterial endotoxin (LPS) as stimulus source of T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte, and adopt trace whole blood culture 3 H-TdR incorporation was detected. The content of the plasma corticosterone is detected by using an FJ-2003/100 gamma radioimmunoassay counter method. The specific detection results are as follows:
then, placing each group of laying hens in an environment with the temperature of 37 ℃ and the humidity of 85%, continuously feeding for 168 hours, and keeping the addition of feed additives; and at 168h, counting the survival rate of the laying hens in each group, carrying out vein blood sampling on the laying hens in each group, detecting the whole blood lymphocyte percentage, the T lymphocyte conversion rate, the B lymphocyte conversion rate and the plasma corticosterone content of the laying hens under the environment condition of 35 ℃ and 85% humidity, and taking an average value to determine the anti-stress capability and the immunity change condition of the laying hens under the high-temperature high-humidity condition. The specific detection results are as follows:
then, placing each group of laying hens in an environment with the temperature of 22 ℃ and the humidity of 65%, continuously feeding for 36 hours, and keeping the addition of feed additives; and at 36h, carrying out vein blood sampling on the layers in each group, detecting the percentage of whole blood lymphocytes, the T lymphocyte conversion rate, the B lymphocyte conversion rate and the plasma corticosterone content of the layers under the environmental conditions of 22 ℃ and 65% humidity, and taking an average value to determine the recovery condition of the layers after the heat stress is removed. The specific detection results are as follows:
it can be seen that the chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity, disclosed by the embodiment 1-3, is used for feeding the laying hens in an additive amount of 3.5wt% of conventional daily ration, has good palatability, is small in gastrointestinal irritation to the laying hens, is easy to absorb effective components, has no vomiting or diarrhea in the feeding process, can improve the anti-stress capability of the laying hens in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment while improving the immunity of the laying hens, and shows that after the test laying hens are fed for 168 hours in a 35 ℃ and 85% humidity environment, the whole blood lymphocyte percentage, T lymphocyte conversion rate and B lymphocyte conversion rate are reduced to a certain extent, so that the immunity of the laying hens is reduced to a certain extent, and the blood plasma corticosterone content is increased; after the test laying hen is separated from a high-temperature high-humidity environment, the test laying hen is fed for 36 hours at the temperature of 22 ℃ and the humidity of 65%, and the whole blood lymphocyte percentage, the T lymphocyte conversion rate, the B lymphocyte conversion rate and the plasma corticosterone content of the test laying hen are quickly recovered, so that the high-temperature high-humidity heat stress state can be quickly relieved, the original immunity level is recovered, and various indexes are basically recovered to the pre-test level.
Further, the feed additives prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were placed under an atmosphere of 40℃and 75% humidity, respectively, until deliquescence, caking, discoloration and the like occurred, and the storage stability time was recorded. The specific results are as follows:
the chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity of the embodiments 1-3 of the invention is prepared by selecting a first raw material (green tea, passion flower, blackberry lily, dandelion, cinnamon, giant knotweed and patrinia); the first active ingredient is prepared by embedding the active ingredient liquid of the first raw material with the specific wall material and the core material. The second active ingredient is prepared by selecting the second raw materials (bitter stone, liquorice and acid pulp) with specific compositions and proportions and matching with chitosan. The first active ingredient and the second active ingredient are used for preparing the chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity, so that the problems of poor palatability and large gastrointestinal irritation to livestock and poultry animal caused by direct and massive addition of Chinese herbal medicines in the prior art can be avoided; the immunity of the livestock and poultry animals can be effectively improved while the high-temperature high-humidity heat stress resistance of the livestock and poultry animals is improved; and effectively improves the long-term stability of the feed additive in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment and avoids the invalidation of active ingredients.
The percentages used in the present invention are mass percentages unless otherwise indicated.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity is characterized by comprising the following steps of: preparing a first active ingredient, preparing a second active ingredient, and mixing;
the preparation of the first active ingredient consists of the following steps: extracting and embedding active ingredients;
the active ingredient is extracted, ethanol solution is adopted to carry out ultrasonic extraction and microwave extraction on the first raw material, and the extracting solutions are combined and concentrated to prepare active ingredient liquid;
in the extraction of the active ingredient, the first raw material consists of the following components: green tea, passion flower, blackberry lily, dandelion, cinnamon, polygonum cuspidatum and patrinia;
the embedding treatment comprises the steps of putting maltodextrin, sodium alginate and gelatin into deionized water, heating, stirring and dissolving to obtain wall material liquid; adding zeolite powder and tween-80 into the active component liquid, and uniformly dispersing to obtain emulsified core material liquid; adding the emulsified core material liquid into the wall material liquid, homogenizing for 2-3 times under high pressure, and spray drying to obtain a first active ingredient;
the preparation of a second active ingredient, wherein chitosan is dissolved in acetic acid solution; continuously adding corn gluten meal, tween-80 and a second raw material under stirring, uniformly dispersing, standing for 30-60min, and spray drying to obtain a second active ingredient;
in the preparation of the second active ingredient, the second raw material consists of the following components: herba Sonchi Oleracei extract, glycyrrhrizae radix extract, and fructus Physalis extract;
the chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity is prepared by mixing, and comprises the following components: a first active ingredient and a second active ingredient.
2. The method for preparing the chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity according to claim 1, wherein in the extraction of the active ingredients, the first raw material consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of green tea, 10-12 parts of passion flower, 7.5-8.5 parts of blackberry lily, 7.5-8.5 parts of dandelion, 6-7 parts of cinnamon, 4-5 parts of giant knotweed and 4-5 parts of herba patriniae.
3. The method for preparing chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity according to claim 1, wherein in the embedding treatment, the concentration of maltodextrin in the wall material liquid is 15-18wt%, the concentration of sodium alginate is 0.5-0.8wt%, and the concentration of gelatin is 0.2-0.3wt%;
in the emulsified core material liquid, the weight ratio of the zeolite powder to the tween-80 to the active component liquid is 10-12:0.2-0.3:100;
the volume ratio of the wall material liquid to the emulsified core material liquid is 2-2.5:1;
the high-pressure homogenizing pressure is 20-22MPa, and the single time of high-pressure homogenizing is 30-40min.
4. The method for preparing a chitosan-containing feed additive for enhancing immunity of animals according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the acetic acid solution in the preparation of the second active ingredient is 0.8-1wt%;
the concentration of chitosan in the acetic acid solution is 1-1.5g/L;
the weight ratio of the chitosan to the corn gluten meal to the tween-80 to the second raw material is 10-12:20-25:1-2:4-5.
5. The method for preparing the chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity according to claim 1, wherein in the preparation of the second active ingredient, the second raw material consists of the following components in parts by weight: 8-9 parts of a clematis extract, 8-9 parts of a licorice extract and 5-6 parts of a physalis alkekengi extract;
the particle size specification of the amaranthus spinosus extract is 80-100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10-20:1;
the grain size specification of the licorice extract is 80-100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10-20:1;
the particle size of the acid pulp extract is 80-100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10-20:1.
6. The method for preparing the chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity according to claim 1, wherein the mixing is carried out by uniformly mixing the first active ingredient, the second active ingredient, the compound amino acid, the fish oil, the shell powder, the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, the magnesium stearate and the calcium hydrophosphate to prepare the chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity;
the compound amino acid consists of the following components: lysine, methionine, threonine.
7. The method for preparing the chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity according to claim 6, wherein in the mixing, the weight ratio of the first active ingredient to the second active ingredient to the compound amino acid to the fish oil to the shell powder to the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to the magnesium stearate to the calcium hydrophosphate is 30-35:10-12:2-3:8-10:3-4:0.1-0.2:0.2-0.3:0.2-0.3;
in the compound amino acid, the weight ratio of lysine to methionine to threonine is 5-6:1-2:1-2.
8. The method for preparing a chitosan-containing feed additive for enhancing immunity of animals according to claim 1, wherein the active ingredient is extracted, and the first raw material is washed, dried and ground to prepare raw material powder;
adding the raw material powder into 20-25 times of ethanol solution, ultrasonically extracting for 30-60min at 40-50deg.C, and filtering to obtain a solid substance to obtain a first extract; putting the solid into an ethanol solution with 15-20 times of the weight of the solid, ultrasonically extracting for 30-60min at the temperature of 40-50 ℃, and filtering out the solid to obtain a second extract; adding the solid into ethanol solution with 10-12 times of weight, performing microwave extraction for 10-15min, and filtering to obtain third extract; mixing the first extractive solution, the second extractive solution, and the third extractive solution, and vacuum concentrating to 30-40% of the original volume to obtain active ingredient solution.
9. The method for preparing a chitosan-containing feed additive for enhancing immunity of animals according to claim 8, wherein in the extraction of the active ingredient, the volume concentration of ethanol in the ethanol solution is 60-70%;
in ultrasonic extraction, the ultrasonic frequency is 35-45kHz, and the ultrasonic power is 350-450W;
in the microwave extraction, intermittent microwave radiation is adopted to control the temperature to be 45-55 ℃, the microwave frequency to be 2200-2300MHz and the microwave power to be 400-500W.
10. A chitosan-containing feed additive for improving animal immunity, characterized in that it is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN117256730B (en) * | 2023-11-23 | 2024-04-02 | 山东广元药业科技有限公司 | Probiotic-containing feed additive for conditioning animal intestinal tracts and preparation method thereof |
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| CN116268208B (en) | 2023-08-22 |
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