CN116250510B - Artificial rearing method for leg-swelling bees - Google Patents
Artificial rearing method for leg-swelling bees Download PDFInfo
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- CN116250510B CN116250510B CN202310462978.9A CN202310462978A CN116250510B CN 116250510 B CN116250510 B CN 116250510B CN 202310462978 A CN202310462978 A CN 202310462978A CN 116250510 B CN116250510 B CN 116250510B
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- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 5
- 208000010729 leg swelling Diseases 0.000 title description 12
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 241000254109 Tenebrio molitor Species 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000382353 Pupa Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000254173 Coleoptera Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 241001558929 Sclerotium <basidiomycota> Species 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000256856 Vespidae Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 241001481710 Cerambycidae Species 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 8
- 241000233779 Cyclocarya paliurus Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 5
- 206010039710 Scleroderma Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 240000005528 Arctium lappa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001530056 Athelia rolfsii Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000168036 Populus alba Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000183024 Populus tremula Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000893031 Pteroceltis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001161341 Saperda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000467911 Sclerodermus guani Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001481304 Vespoidea Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006286 nutrient intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial breeding method of a tube-type legged hornet, belonging to the technical field of biological control, placing the yellow meal worm pupae and the breeding bees of the tube-type legged bees into a breeding box, and laying eggs on the yellow meal worm pupae until the breeding bees develop into adults after larval stage and pupal stage; the adults are put into a breeding device of natural host larvae for artificial feed breeding. According to the invention, only wild poplar barks, poplar branches and poplar leaves are crushed, and drying or other artificial feeds are not required to be added, so that the natural parasitic environment of the leg-tube-type sclerotium bee is restored, and the leg-tube-type sclerotium bee is also connected back to a natural host, thereby being beneficial to improving the capability of the leg-tube-type sclerotium bee for adapting to the natural environment and improving the identification capability of the leg-tube-type sclerotium bee to the natural host.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological control, and particularly relates to an artificial breeding method for legged tube bees.
Background
The cyclocarya paliurus (Saperda populunea Linnaeus) belongs to Coleoptera (Coleoptera) longicoidae (Cerambycidae) [1], is one of main trunk-boring pests which harm poplars in northern China, belongs to one of poplar quarantine pests in China, has the hazard rate of 21-100% on different species, and is difficult to obtain good control effects by traditional control methods such as manual control, physical control and the like because the egg stage, the larva stage and the pupa stage of the cyclocarya paliurus are hidden in trunks. The chemical control is simple to implement, has quick short-term effect and broad insecticidal spectrum, but has short boards with drug resistance, environmental pollution, high input cost, ecological balance destruction and the like. The biological control effect is better, especially the natural enemy insects are mainly used, and the natural enemy insects can search and kill pests independently and can control the population quantity of the pests in a sustainable way, so that the comprehensive control of the insect stem pests with strong concealment, such as the young longicorn, mainly used for biological control is an effective approach recognized at home and abroad.
The leg-tube-shaped bees (Scleroderma guani Xiao et Wu) are special parasitic bees in vitro in China, are mainly used for preventing and controlling trunk-boring pests such as coleopteran longhorners, jibuhui and the like at present, are main natural enemies for parasitic small and medium-sized longhorners and the like, and can effectively control the spreading of insect pests of the populus longhorners by preventing and controlling the populus longhorners by using the leg-tube-shaped bees. With the increasing severity of longicorn insect pests in recent years, the leg-tube sclerotium rolfsii is in short supply.
At present, the artificial propagation method of the leg-swelling bees mainly replaces the longicorn beetles and the like as the artificial intermediate hosts through the specific intermediate hosts, and completes the whole life history of the leg-swelling bees in an indoor environment.
Therefore, how to improve the parasitic activity of the legged tube bees while improving the artificial breeding quantity of the legged tube bees is a problem to be solved by the person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an artificial breeding method for a legged tube-type legged tube bee so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
The artificial raising method of the leg-swelling bees comprises the following steps:
1) Placing the yellow meal worm pupae and the breeding bees of the tube-type legged bees into a breeding box, laying eggs on the yellow meal worm pupae, and passing through larva stage and pupa stage until the breeding bees develop into adults, wherein the breeding bees are copulated;
2) The adults are put into a breeding device of natural host larvae for artificial feed breeding.
The beneficial effects are that: the yellow meal worm pupa which is rich in substances such as sugar, protein and the like in the body is used as an intermediate host of the breeding bees, so that sufficient nutrient substances can be provided for the yellow meal worm pupa; because of the difference of physiological habits and life states of the intermediate host and the natural host, the Chinese sclerotium lappa raised by the intermediate host only lacks identification degree to the natural host, and the invention connects the adults back to the natural host, can domesticate the adults, and is helpful for better preventing and controlling tree insect damage in the natural state.
Further, the yellow meal worm pupae in the step 1) are frozen yellow meal worm pupae.
The beneficial effects are that: the nutrition condition of the intermediate host is a main factor influencing the reproduction of the tube's leg swelling bees, and the invention reduces the consumption of the self nutrition components in the metabolism process of the intermediate host by freezing the intermediate host, ensures sufficient nutrition in the growth process of the tube's leg swelling bees, and meets the reproductive development requirement of the tube's leg swelling bees.
Further, the temperature of the freezing treatment is-9 to-8 ℃, and the freezing time is 20 to 24 hours.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention discovers that the metabolism of the intermediate host yellow meal worm pupa can be furthest reduced under the premise of keeping the survival state of the intermediate host yellow meal worm pupa when the freezing treatment temperature of the intermediate host yellow meal worm pupa is-9 to-8 ℃ and the freezing time is 20-24 hours through experiments.
Further, the number ratio of the yellow meal worm pupae to the breeding bees in the step 1) is 3-4:1.
Further, the natural host larvae in the step 2) are longhorn beetles or white poplar pteroceles.
Further, the artificial feed in the step 2) consists of poplar bark sawdust, poplar branch sawdust and poplar leaf sawdust according to the mass ratio of (4-5) to (2-3) to 1; the wood chips, branch chips and leaf chips of the poplar in the artificial feed are obtained by crushing the poplar bark, branch and leaf directly obtained from the wild poplar forest.
The beneficial effects are that: the natural hosts live in the wild poplar forest, the poplar tree is produced by poplar bark and the like, and the poplar tree contains volatile matters Yang Shuyou, wherein the poplar bark has more poplar oil content, and the natural host living environment which is closer to natural smell can be obtained by limiting the mass ratio of the wood chips of the poplar bark, the wood chips of the poplar branch and the wood chips of the poplar leaf, so that the guanshi shan bees receive chemical stimulus in the simulated wild environment, form instinct memory, and are favorable for quickly searching the hosts after returning to the wild environment, and the parasitic process is completed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, through freezing the yellow meal worm pupa, the growth and development of the yellow meal worm pupa are inhibited, most of nutrient substances in the body of the yellow meal worm pupa are reserved, enough nutrients are provided for subsequent parasitic spawning of the breeding bees, the spawning quantity and the male-female ratio of the breeding bees are improved, and the frozen yellow meal worm is in a static state, so that the parasitic of the leg-tube-type parasitic wasps is facilitated.
(2) According to the invention, only wild poplar barks, poplar branches and poplar leaves are crushed, and drying or other artificial feeds are not required to be added, so that the natural parasitic environment of the leg-tube-type sclerotium bee is reduced, the leg-tube-type sclerotium bee is also connected back to a natural host, the adaptation of the leg-tube-type sclerotium bee to the natural environment is facilitated, and the identification capability of the natural host is improved.
(3) The invention adopts artificial feeding natural host larvae, and the artificial feed is composed of poplar bark sawdust, poplar branch sawdust and poplar leaf sawdust, so that the raw materials of the artificial feed are easy to obtain, and the artificial feed is beneficial to large-scale popularization.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the invention, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the application described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the application. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present application. The specification and examples of the present application are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean an inclusion, but not limited to.
The embodiment of the invention provides an artificial rearing method for leg-swelling bees of tube-type:
1) Placing yellow meal worm pupae and the female bees of the copulated tube type leg swelling bees serving as the breeding bees into a breeding box, and allowing the breeding bees to spawn on hosts until the breeding bees develop into adults through larva stage and pupa stage;
2) Raising natural host larvae through artificial feed;
3) And (3) putting the adults obtained in the step (1) into a breeding box for artificially breeding natural host larvae for breeding.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the yellow meal worm pupae in step 1) is frozen yellow meal worm pupae; in a more preferred embodiment, the temperature of the freezing treatment is-9 to-8 ℃ and the freezing time is 20 to 24 hours.
In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the ratio of the yellow meal worm pupae to the breeding bees in step 1) is 3-4:1.
In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the natural host in step 2) is longicorn or a ptera chrysalis; the artificial feed consists of poplar bark sawdust, poplar branch sawdust and poplar leaf sawdust in the mass ratio of (4-5) to (2-3) to 1; the wood chips, branch chips and leaf chips of the poplar in the artificial feed are obtained by crushing the poplar bark, branch and leaf directly obtained from the wild poplar forest.
The yellow meal worm pupa in the embodiment can be selected according to the prior art, can be obtained by hatching purchased eggs, or can be obtained by purchasing yellow meal worm adults, and is obtained by artificial feeding, spawning and hatching with wheat bran as feed. The legged tube bees are obtained from poplar forests endangered by the longhorners of populus, and bred and kept for 2-3 generations by yellow meal worm larvae in a thermostatic chamber. The cyclocarya paliurus is obtained from poplar forests endangered by the cyclocarya paliurus, and is bred by referring to the formula and the breeding method of the cyclocarya paliurus research group of the plant protection institute of China academy of sciences, and larvae are obtained.
Example 1 (parallel test 3 group)
Placing the yellow meal worm pupa in a culture dish, placing in a refrigerator, freezing at-8deg.C for 24h, taking out, placing in a culture box, taking the female bee of the copulated leg of tube type as a breeding bee, inoculating the breeding bee to the host according to the number ratio of the yellow meal worm pupa to the breeding bee of 4:1, and spawning through larva stage and pupa stage until the breeding bee develops into an adult; the temperature in the cultivation box was kept at 25.+ -. 0.5 ℃ and the humidity was kept at 73.+ -. 2%, and the number of eggs laid, the amount of bees produced and the ratio of male to female were calculated, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Example 2 (parallel test 3 group)
Placing the yellow meal worm pupa in a culture dish, placing in a refrigerator, freezing at-9 ℃ for 20 hours, taking out, placing in a culture box, taking the female bee of the copulated leg bees as a breeding bee, inoculating the breeding bee on a host for spawning according to the number ratio of the yellow meal worm pupa to the breeding bee of 3:1, and passing through larva stage and pupa stage until the breeding bee develops into an adult; the temperature in the cultivation box is 25+/-0.5 ℃, the humidity is 73+/-2%, and the spawning quantity, the bee yield and the male-female ratio of the breeding bees are calculated, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1 (parallel test 3 group)
The difference from example 1 is that the number of eggs laid, the amount of bees produced and the ratio of male and female were calculated by freezing at-10℃for 24 hours, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 2 (parallel test 3 group)
The difference from example 1 is that the number of eggs laid, the amount of bees produced and the ratio of male and female were calculated by freezing at-7℃for 24 hours, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1: the low temperature can inhibit the physiological activity of the intermediate host yellow meal worm pupa and reduce the consumption of the in-vivo nutrient substances: the treatment temperature of the yellow meal worm pupa is too low, death of the yellow meal worm pupa is easy to cause, the parasitic effect of the tube's leg-swelling bee is affected, the effect of inhibiting physiological activities cannot be achieved due to the too high temperature, and nutrient substances are consumed by the yellow meal worm pupa, so that the spawning quantity, the bee output and the male-female ratio of the tube's leg-swelling bee are affected.
Example 3 (parallel test 3 group)
Taking wild fresh poplar barks, poplar branches and poplar leaves, crushing, mixing the obtained poplar barks, the obtained poplar branch scraps and the obtained poplar leaf scraps according to the mass ratio of 4:3:1 to obtain artificial feed, putting the obtained artificial feed into a cultivation box, and then putting the artificial feed into the larva of the longicorn; the adults obtained in example 1 were placed in a cultivation box for artificial breeding of longicorn larvae.
Example 4 (parallel test 3 group)
Taking wild fresh poplar barks, poplar branches and poplar leaves, crushing, mixing the obtained poplar barks, the obtained poplar branch scraps and the obtained poplar leaf scraps according to the mass ratio of 5:2:1 to obtain artificial feed, putting the obtained artificial feed into a cultivation box, and then putting the artificial feed into the larva of the longicorn; the adults obtained in example 1 were placed in a cultivation box for artificial feeding of larva of aspen and pteroceltis.
Comparative example 3 (parallel test 3 group)
The difference is that the obtained poplar bark chips, poplar branch chips and poplar leaf chips were mixed in a mass ratio of 6:3:1 as in example 3.
Comparative example 4 (parallel test 3 group)
The difference is that the obtained poplar bark chips, poplar branch chips and poplar leaf chips were mixed in a mass ratio of 3:3:1 as in example 3.
Comparative example 5 (parallel test 3 group)
The procedure of example 3 was repeated except that the adults obtained in comparative example 1 were returned to the cultivation box in which the larvae of longicorn beetles were artificially cultivated.
Application example
In order to verify the parasitic capacities of the leg-tube-type scleroderma reesei bees obtained by the artificial feeding method of the leg-tube-type scleroderma reesei bees provided by the invention, the leg-tube-type scleroderma reesei bees obtained in example 3 and comparative examples 3 to 5 were compared with the parasitic capacities of wild leg-tube-type scleroderma reesei bees.
The parasitic rate of the legged tube bees on the horned beetles is compared by adopting the same method and conditions, specific indexes and detection methods are shown in the technical procedure of prediction and forecast of the horned beetles (DB 13/T659-2005), the parasitic rate= (absolute parasitic rate/harmful strain rate) ×100%, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from table 2: the poplar oil content in the poplar bark is higher than that of the poplar branches and leaves, and the poplar dander content in comparative example 3 is higher than that in example 3, so that the overall poplar oil content in the artificial feed is higher; the poplar dander content in comparative example 4 was lower than in example 3, resulting in lower overall poplar oil content in the artificial feed; the guan's legged bees are sensitive to the smell of poplar oil, and as the mass ratio of poplar bark sawdust to poplar branch sawdust to poplar leaf sawdust is adjusted in comparative examples 3 and 4, the smell of the poplar oil in the obtained artificial feed is greatly different from that in the natural environment, and the memory caused by the chemical stimulus of the environment is greatly deviated from that caused by the chemical stimulus of the guan's legged bees in the natural environment, so that the parasitic rate is reduced.
The only difference between example 3 and comparative example 5 was that the legged guan-shanked bees that were returned to the natural host were different, and the legged guan-shanked bees returned in example 3 and legged guan-shanked bees returned in comparative example 5 were different in nutrient intake during spawning and larval stages, resulting in different parasitic capacities.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The artificial rearing method for the legged tube bees is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Placing the yellow meal worm pupae and the breeding bees of the tube-type legged bees into a breeding box, laying eggs on the yellow meal worm pupae, and passing through larva stage and pupa stage until the breeding bees develop into adults, wherein the breeding bees are copulated;
2) Placing the adults into a breeding device of natural host larvae, and carrying out artificial feed breeding;
The yellow meal worm pupa in the step 1) is the frozen yellow meal worm pupa;
The temperature of the freezing treatment is-8 ℃, and the freezing time is 24 hours;
The natural host larvae in the step 2) are the longhorn beetles;
The artificial feed in the step 2) consists of poplar bark sawdust, poplar branch sawdust and poplar leaf sawdust according to the mass ratio of 4:3:1;
the artificial feed is obtained by crushing poplar barks, poplar branches and poplar leaves which are directly obtained from wild poplar forests.
2. The artificial rearing method of the legged tube bees according to claim 1, wherein the number ratio of the yellow meal worm pupae to the breeding bees in the step 1) is 3-4:1.
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