CN107980729B - Method for indoor breeding mealybugs and Brachypodium bambusicola - Google Patents
Method for indoor breeding mealybugs and Brachypodium bambusicola Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of indoor breeding of insects, in particular to a method for indoor breeding of mealybugs and small bane-bang-jumping bees. According to the invention, the water-cultured achyranthes bidentata is adopted to breed the mealybugs and the small bombyx batryticatus, so that the growth period of the mealybugs and the small bombyx batryticatus can be effectively shortened, the survival rate of the mealybugs and the single-female egg laying amount can be improved, the parasitic rate and the emergence rate of the small bombyx batryticatus to the mealybugs can be improved, and the method is particularly suitable for indoor breeding and research of the mealybugs and the parasitic natural enemies thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of indoor breeding of insects, in particular to an indoor breeding method of mealybugs and small bane bugs.
Background
The Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsey belongs to Hemiptera (Hemiptera) Lecanidae (Pseudococcidae), is an invasive pest which seriously threatens the safe production of field crops, garden ornamental plants, fruit trees, vegetables and other economic crops in recent years in China, and more than 200 plants in 55 families are harmed by the pest in 24 countries all over the world. At present, the pest is harmful in 13 provinces (directly prefectured cities) in China. The small bangesbeius bombawalei Hayat belongs to Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera) small fagaceae (Eucyrtidae), is the dominant species special parasitic wasp of the mealybugs of the hibiscus, has the wild parasitic rate as high as 50-62 percent, and has good biological control application prospect. Under the laboratory condition, the propagation of the small bombesi batrachii mainly depends on the coccid of the hibiscus sinensis bred on various host plants. The selection of a proper host variety and a reasonable cultivation mode are the precondition for ensuring the establishment and development of the broomcorn mutual bred drosophila melanogaster and the small bang jumping bee population, and are the important basis for fully utilizing the small bang jumping bee to prevent and control the broomcorn mutual bred drosophila melanogaster.
The host plants of the Lecanicillium solenopsis are wide in range, but the adaptability and the occurrence of harm of the Lecanicillium solenopsis on each host plant are different. Studies have shown that Leptococcus solonii Leoni is more harmful to Gramineae, Malvaceae, Solanaceae, Amaranthaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Pedaliaceae, Asteraceae, etc. The research of expanding propagation of the host materials of the bearded mealybugs and the bombus batrachii, Chinese forest pest, 2017 comprehensively analyzes the survival rate of the bearded mealybugs on different host plants, the difficulty of inoculation of the bearded mealybugs, the development condition of the bearded bugs, the survivability and management of the host materials, the difficulty of harvesting the parasitic wasps, the material cost, the development period and other conditions. The results show that the host plants generally have the defects of low survival rate of the scale insects, large plant volume, high production cost and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for breeding mealy bugs and small bans indoors, which greatly improves the breeding efficiency and the survival rate and can be used for large-scale production.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for breeding mealybugs indoors comprises the following steps: the achyranthes bidentata is subjected to water culture, the water-cultured achyranthes bidentata is inoculated with the Lecanicillium rosaceum for breeding, and the Lecanicillium rosaceum is transferred to a fresh water-cultured cattle lap before the achyranthes bidentata wilt.
Preferably, the achyranthes bidentata is a achyranthes bidentata branch with the length of 10-20 cm, and the achyranthes bidentata branch contains 4-6 leaves.
More preferably, the achyranthes bidentata branches are fresh branches picked at 7: 00-9: 00 am.
Preferably, the hydroponic culture solution is distilled water or 0.2mg/L indolebutyric acid solution.
More preferably, the fresh hydroponic achyranthes bidentata branches are replaced after the achyranthes bidentata branches inoculated with the Chinese hibiscus pseudomona undergo water culture for 16-32 days.
Preferably, the age of the inoculated Chinese hibiscus pseudomona is one year, and the inoculation amount is 4-20 heads per achyranthes bidentata.
The invention also provides a method for indoor breeding the small bangesbeiya, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out water culture on achyranthes bidentata, inoculating the Hippocampus sinensis mealybugs on the water-cultured achyranthes bidentata, isolating achyranthes bidentata plants inoculated with the Hippocampus sinensis mealybugs from the outside by using a gauze, and blowing the young eclosion and mated small bane into the gauze for breeding.
Preferably, the inoculation amount of the inoculated three-instar nymphs or female adults of the Hibiscus solenopsis is 10-20 heads per plant of achyranthes bidentata.
Preferably, the achyranthes bidentata is a achyranthes bidentata branch with the length of 10-20 cm, and the achyranthes bidentata branch contains 4-6 leaves.
Preferably, the hydroponic solution of the achyranthes bidentata is distilled water or 0.2mg/L indolebutyric acid solution.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention adopts water culture achyranthes bidentata to breed the Chinese white mulberry mealybugs. Achyranthes bidentata (Achyranthus bifidus Blume) is a perennial herb of the genus Achyranthes of the family Amaranthaceae, and has the advantages of abundant resources, rapid growth, easy survival and easy rooting of the stems after being isolated. The invention discovers that the achyranthes bidentata is a suitable host of the Lecanicillium bicolor, and the achyranthes bidentata can be used as an excellent host plant for breeding the Lecanicillium bicolor by carrying out water culture on the achyranthes bidentata. Meanwhile, the water culture of the achyranthes bidentata can overcome the defects of high cost, large occupied space, severe requirement on environment, susceptibility to diseases and other kinds of pests, easy escape of mealybugs and the like of pot soil cultivation.
The indoor mealybug breeding method can effectively reduce the escape of the mealybugs, and has the advantages of easy insect inoculation, good development condition of the mealybugs, long preservation time, convenient material management, easy collection of natural enemies, low material cost and the like. The achyranthes bidentata plant propagated by the water culture method can effectively shorten the growth period of the Lecanicillium involving Hirsonia, the total period of the Lecanicillium involving the Eugenia involving the achyranthes bidentata plant is 46.40 days, wherein 6.20 days for 1 year, 6.00 days for 2 years, 5.80 days for 3 years and 28.40 days for adult females. Wherein the development history of the nymphs and the female adults of 3 ages is the optimal host age of the Brazilian geblebee and is suitable for breeding the Brazilian geblebee. The survival rate of the Chinese hibiscus mealybugs bred by the method is higher than 55.00%, the egg laying amount of each female on achyranthes plants is 255.33-345.00, and the breeding effect is good.
The method breeds the Hibiscus solenopsis Leporis on the hydroponic achyranthes plant and is used for parasitizing the small bombus batrachii. The development period of the small bombus is shortened. The time from spawning to emergence of the bombus spp is only 12.40 days. The service life of the female bombus batrachius bred by the method disclosed by the invention is as long as 15.20d, the parasitic rate on mealybugs reaches 100%, the emergence rate is 91.99-98.66%, the ratio of filial generation ratio (female: male) is 1.98-3.36, and the bombus batrachii breeding method is very suitable for breeding the bombus batrachii.
The achyranthes bidentata water culture method has important significance for the indoor population propagation of the mealybugs and the small bombesi batoniae, and is particularly suitable for the indoor feeding and research of the mealybugs and the parasitic natural enemies thereof.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for breeding mealybugs indoors, which comprises the following steps: the achyranthes bidentata is subjected to water culture, the water-cultured achyranthes bidentata is inoculated with the Lecanicillium rosaceum for breeding, and the Lecanicillium rosaceum is transferred to a fresh water-cultured cattle lap before the achyranthes bidentata wilt.
According to the invention, the achyranthes root is a suitable host plant of the Lecanicillium involving Hirsonia, the achyranthes root is cultured by water, and the Lecanicillium involving Hirsonia is bred, so that the development period of the Lecanicillium involving Hirsonia can be shortened, the survival rate of the Lecanicillium involving Hirsonia and the egg laying amount per female can be improved, and the breeding efficiency of the Lecanicillium involving Hirsonia can be improved.
In the invention, the water culture of the achyranthes bidentata can be carried out by immersing the root of the entire achyranthes bidentata or the cutting end of the achyranthes bidentata branch into a water culture solution, wherein the entire achyranthes bidentata can be cultivated or picked fresh achyranthes bidentata branches can be cultivated. In a specific embodiment of the invention, achyranthes bidentata branches are used for water culture. The achyranthes bidentata branch has wide source, and the stem is easy to survive and root after being separated in vitro, so that the achyranthes bidentata branch is more suitable for water culture propagation of mealybugs.
In the present invention, fresh achyranthes bidentata branches are preferably collected for hydroponics. Preferably, fresh branches picked at 7: 00-9: 00 a.m., the freshness of the achyranthes bidentata branches picked in the time period is better and the time for keeping the leaves stretched is longer compared with the freshness of the achyranthes bidentata branches picked at other times.
In the invention, the length of the achyranthes bidentata branch is preferably 10-20 cm, and more preferably 14-18 cm. Preferably, the number of leaves contained on the achyranthes bidentata branches is 4-6. The proper branch length and the proper leaf number can keep the water absorption and transpiration of the achyranthes bidentata branch in a balanced state in the water culture process, and effectively prolong the water culture time of the achyranthes bidentata branch.
In the invention, collected achyranthes bidentata branches are preferably subjected to water culture after being disinfected. The disinfection method can adopt the conventional disinfection mode in the field to disinfect the achyranthes bidentata branches. In the present invention, the sterilization is preferably performed with carbendazim. The specific disinfection method comprises the steps of immersing the collected achyranthes bidentata branch cuts into 500-1000 times of diluent of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for disinfection for 10-20 s, more preferably, the dilution multiple of the 50% carbendazim wettable powder is 800 times of the diluent, and the disinfection time is more preferably 15 s. Under the condition, the achyranthes bidentata branches can be effectively disinfected, and the branches are prevented from being polluted or rotten in the water culture process.
In the present invention, the preferable hydroponic solution used for hydroponic cultivation of Achyranthis radix is distilled water or 0.2mg/L indolebutyric acid solution. The invention screens a plurality of hydroponic liquids to obtain the achyranthes bidentata branch hydroponic liquid by using distilled water or 0.2mg/L indolebutyric acid solution, the rooting rate, the root number and the root length of the achyranthes bidentata branch are optimal, the hydroponic time is longer, and the hydroponic achyranthes bidentata stem and leaf can survive for 32 days under laboratory conditions.
In the invention, the Chinese hibiscus mealybugs are timely inoculated on the hydroponic achyranthes root. The achyranthes bidentata plant is usually placed into a hydroponic liquid to receive the Lecanicillium rosae. Preferably, the age of the oriental white mulberry mealybugs is one year. Selecting a first-instar Chinese hibiscus mealybugs with consistent size and good physiological state to connect to the above-knee of the water-cultured cattle. In the invention, 4-20 heads of the Chinese hibiscus mealybugs are preferably grafted on each achyranthes root hydroponics plant, and more preferably 6-10 heads. The water culture achyranthes bidentata inoculated with the Chinese hibiscus mealybugs is placed in an indoor proper environment for breeding. Preferably, the breeding is carried out in an air-conditioned room with the room temperature of 23-28 ℃, the relative humidity of 70-80% and the photoperiod of L16: D8.
Before the water culture of achyranthes bidentata is wilted, the Chinese red mulberry mealybugs parasitized on the achyranthes bidentata branches are transferred to fresh water culture of achyranthes bidentata to continue breeding. The preferable time for transferring is 16-32 days after the achyranthes bidentata branch inoculated with the Hibiscus solenopsis is subjected to water culture, and more preferably 20-25 days.
When the invention breeds the Lecanicillium involving the hibiscus by using the water, the water-cultured achyranthes involving the Lecanicillium involving the hibiscus can be isolated from the outside by using the gauze, so as to prevent the escape of the Lecanicillium involving the hibiscus and the invasion of the natural enemy of the parasitism. The gauze preferably has a density of not less than 120 mesh.
The indoor breeding method of the mealybugs is also suitable for breeding the Brachychiton rupestris. The indoor breeding method of the small bangesbeiya comprises the steps of carrying out water culture on the achyranthes bidentata, inoculating the Chinese hibiscus mealybugs on the water-cultured achyranthes bidentata, isolating achyranthes bidentata plants inoculated with the Chinese hibiscus mealybugs from the outside by using a gauze, and blowing the primarily eclosized and mated small bangesbeiya into the gauze for breeding. The small bombesi batrachii takes the hibiscus mealybugs on the achyranthes bidentata as hosts to lay eggs and propagate.
In the invention, the inoculated Chinese hibiscus pseudococcineus is preferably a third-instar nymph or a female adult, and the Chinese hibiscus pseudococcineus at the instar is inoculated to the parasitism of the small bombyx bateria on the achyranthes bidentata. Or inoculating other age-old Chinese red mulberry mealybugs, and inoculating the Chinese red mulberry mealybugs on the achyranthes roots to the Blastus banseri or Blastus bombycis after the Chinese red mulberry mealybugs grow to the third-age nymph or the female imagoes. In the invention, the inoculation amount of the Hibiscus solenopsis is preferably 10-20 heads, more preferably 13-17 heads, of each achyranthes bidentata Blume for parasitizing the imagoes of the Brachypodium anisopliae.
The gauze used for isolating the achyranthes bidentata is not particularly limited, and the density of the gauze is preferably not less than 120 meshes, so that the Brazilian jumping bees can move around the hydroponic achyranthes bidentata, and the Brazilian jumping bees can find the host accurately. Meanwhile, due to the arrangement of the gauze, the escaping of the Chinese hibiscus mealybugs and the invasion of other natural enemies can be prevented.
The method can be used for immediately inoculating the small bombus batrachius after inoculating the white mulberry mealybugs, or inoculating the small bombus batrachus after breeding the white mulberry mealybugs to a certain degree. Preferably, the bombus batryticatus is inoculated to the young armyworm in the third instar nymph stage or the female adult stage of the mealybug of the hibiscus sinensis so as to improve the parasitic rate. The number of the small bombus bleekeri blown in is not specially limited, and the suitable small bombus bleekeri access amount can be set according to the number of the water-cultured achyranthes bidentata and the number of the mealybugs of the hibiscus sinensis. In the invention, 1 pair of originally emerged and copulated Brachypoda bambusicola is preferably inoculated into each achyranthes bidentata water culture, and the number of the three-instar nymphs or female adults of the Chinese hibiscus solenopsis parasitized on the ox knee is preferably not less than 10.
In the indoor breeding method of the Brachypodus baeri, the water culture mode of the achyranthes bidentata is the same as that of the indoor breeding powder, and the water culture of the achyranthes bidentata in the Brachypodus baeri breeding can be carried out by referring to the description.
The device for indoor breeding of the mealybugs and the small bans is not particularly limited, and the conventional breeding device in the field is adopted. For example, Achyranthis radix is hydroponically cultured in a hydroponic device, which comprises Achyranthis radix fixing component, water culture solution containing component, and gauze component for covering hydroponic Achyranthis radix plant.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples for better understanding the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Influence of achyranthes bidentata branches in different time periods and different lengths on water culture
Selecting 10 segments of achyranthes plant branches and leaves of 5cm stems +2 leaves, 10cm stems +4 leaves, 15cm stems +6 leaves and 20cm stems +8 leaves respectively at the time periods of 7: 00-9: 00 (20-25 ℃), 11: 00-13: 00 (35-40 ℃) and 17: 00-19: 00 (25-30 ℃) in the vigorous growth period (5-9 months), and performing grading evaluation according to the preservation conditions of the stems and leaves after moisturizing for 24 hours by using clear water. Wherein, the grading standard of the preservation condition is as follows: the leaves and stems have the highest normal fresh-keeping degree, the leaf wilting fresh-keeping degree is lower than half, and the leaf wilting fresh-keeping degree and the stems have the lowest fresh-keeping degree.
TABLE 1 comparison of freshness of achyranthes bidentata at different picking periods
Note: I. the leaves and the stems are normal;
II. Less than half of the leaves will wilt and the stem will be normal;
III, leaf wilting of more than half and stem wilting slightly;
IV, leaf and stem withering.
As can be seen from table 1, different picking periods have a greater effect on the freshness of the achyranthes plants. Wherein, the freshness of the picked plants is the highest at 7: 00-9: 00 and the freshness of the picked plants is the lowest at 11: 00-13: 00. In addition, the freshness of the achyranthes bidentata plants can be influenced by different stem lengths and the number of plant leaves, and the achyranthes bidentata branches which are 10-20 cm long in stem and retain 4-6 leaves are fresh. Therefore, the following examples take achyranthes bidentata branches with the length of 10-20 cm picked in the period of 7: 00-9: 00 and 4-6 leaves reserved as the material for water culture.
Example 2
Disinfection treatment effect of achyranthes bidentata branches
And respectively soaking the tail ends of the trimmed achyranthes stems into solutions 100 times, 500 times, 1000 times and 2000 times of 50% carbendazim for 5s, 10s, 20s and 40s for wound disinfection, then soaking the tail ends of the disinfected branches into common tap water for about 5cm, and after 24 hours, checking whether floccules appear around the wound surface and whether the water body is turbid.
TABLE 2 infection status (%) -of the cut of Achyranthis radix treated with 50% carbendazim solution at various concentrations
Note: different capital letters indicate that different treatment time differences are obvious under the same medicament treatment; different lower case letters indicate that the difference between different agents at the same treatment time is significant.
As can be seen from Table 2, different concentrations and treatment times of carbendazim have great influence on the infection status of the achyranthes bidentata incision, and the concentrations are too high or too low, and the treatment time is too long or too short, which is not beneficial to the disinfection of the incision. Wherein, the incision is immersed in 500-1000 times of diluent of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 10-20 s, and the disinfection effect is best.
Example 3
Different hydroponic liquids are selected for carrying out a pre-experiment, and the influence of the different hydroponic liquids on the hydroponic culture of the achyranthes bidentata is verified.
The selected hydroponic liquids are respectively: distilled water, IBA (0.2mg/L), NAA (0.05mg/L), composite (NAA (0.05mg/L) and rooting powder (1.0mg/L) are mixed in a volume ratio of 1: 1), tap water (sanitary Standard for Drinking Water: GB5749-2006) and rooting powder (1.0 mg/L).
The water culture solution is respectively selected to carry out water culture on the achyranthes in vitro stalks, the rooting condition is recorded day by day, and the rooting rate, the root number and the total root length are counted.
TABLE 3 Effect of different hydroponics and treatment times on rooting of achyranthes bidentata
Note: different capital letters indicate that different treatment agents have obvious difference under the same treatment time; different lower case letters indicate significant differences between different treatment times for the same treatment dose.
As can be seen from Table 3, different rooting fluids and treatment times have a greater effect on rooting of Achyranthis radix. Under the condition of 6d, the rooting rate and the number of roots are optimal under the conditions of distilled water and tap water, and respectively reach 75.00-87.50 percent and 12.50-13.25, but the average root length of different rooting treatments is not different; under the condition of 10d, the rooting rate and the root number of different rooting treatments are not different, but the average root length under the treatment of distilled water, IBA and tap water is longer than that under other treatments; in the case of 16d, the treatment results of distilled water and IBA were not significantly different from those of 6d and 10d, and the values of the other rooting solutions were all zero.
Example 4
And (3) picking achyranthes bidentata branches at a time period of 7: 00-9: 00 (20-25 ℃) in a vigorous growth period of the achyranthes bidentata, wherein the length of each achyranthes bidentata branch is 15cm and each achyranthes bidentata branch is provided with 6 leaves. The lower end of the picked achyranthes bidentata branch needs to be immediately immersed in water; obliquely shearing the tail end of the achyranthes bidentata branch at an angle of 45 degrees under water, wherein the oblique shearing position is 2.0-3.0 cm below a nodule, and keeping the achyranthes bidentata branch for 12 cm; immersing 5.0cm of the lower end of the pruned branch into 1000 times of diluent of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 10s, and fixing the achyranthes bidentata branch in a water culture device filled with distilled water. 20-year-old Hibiscus solenopsis Leyss of the same size is connected to the above-mentioned water-cultured beef, and the water-cultured achyranthes root after insect-catching is covered with 120-mesh air-permeable gauze, and isolated from outside. The seeds are placed in an air-conditioned room with the room temperature of 23-28 ℃, the relative humidity of 70-80% and the photoperiod of L16: D8 for breeding. Before the water culture of achyranthes bidentata is wilted, the one-year old hibiscus mealybugs are inoculated to fresh water culture cattle knees for periodic cultivation according to the method.
Example 5
And (3) picking achyranthes bidentata branches at a time period of 7: 00-9: 00 (20-25 ℃) in a vigorous growth period of the achyranthes bidentata, wherein the length of each achyranthes bidentata branch is 20cm and each achyranthes bidentata branch is provided with 8 leaves. The lower end of the picked achyranthes bidentata branch needs to be immediately immersed in water; obliquely shearing the tail end of the achyranthes bidentata branch at an angle of 45 degrees under water, wherein the oblique shearing position is 2.0-3.0 cm below a nodule, and keeping the achyranthes bidentata branch for 15 cm; immersing 5.0cm of the lower end of the pruned branch into a diluent of which the concentration is 500 times that of carbendazim wettable powder for 20s, and fixing the achyranthes bidentata branch in a water culture device containing 0.2mg/L of indolebutyric acid solution. 4-year-old Hibiscus solenopsis Leyss of the same size is connected to the water-cultured beef knee, and the water-cultured achyranthes bidentata after insect receiving is covered by a 120-mesh breathable gauze and isolated from the outside. The seeds are placed in an air-conditioned room with the room temperature of 23-28 ℃, the relative humidity of 70-80% and the photoperiod of L16: D8 for breeding. Before the water culture of achyranthes bidentata is wilted, the one-year old hibiscus mealybugs are inoculated to fresh water culture cattle knees for periodic cultivation according to the method.
Examples 6 to 9
6, 8, 10 and 12 single-instar Chinese hibiscus mealybugs with the same size were respectively inoculated on the hydroponic achyranthes roots as examples 6-9. The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 5.
Comparative example 1
Immersing root of Achyranthis radix seedling in 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 10s, and transplanting into flowerpot filled with garden soil, wherein each pot contains one Achyranthis radix plant. After 24 hours, 20 old Chinese hibiscus mealybugs with the same size are transplanted to the survived achyranthes plants, and the potted achyranthes after being transplanted is covered by a 120-mesh breathable gauze and isolated from the outside. The seeds are placed in an air-conditioned room with the room temperature of 23-28 ℃, the relative humidity of 70-80% and the photoperiod of L16: D8 for breeding. Before the potted achyranthes bidentata wilt, the one-year old hibiscus scirus solomorpha is inoculated to a fresh potted cow above the knee for periodic cultivation according to the method.
Comparative example 2
Picking cotton leaves with stalks in a period of 7: 00-9: 00 (20-25 ℃) in a vigorous growth period of cotton. The lower end of the cotton leafstalk is required to be immediately immersed in water; obliquely shearing the tail end of the cotton petiole at an angle of 45 degrees under water; and (3) immersing the lower end of the trimmed cotton petiole in 1000-time diluent of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 10s, and fixing the cotton petiole in a water culture device filled with distilled water. 20-head first-instar Chinese hibiscus mealybugs with the same size are connected to the water culture cotton, and the water culture cotton after insect connection is covered by a 120-mesh breathable gauze and isolated from the outside. The seeds are placed in an air-conditioned room with the room temperature of 23-28 ℃, the relative humidity of 70-80% and the photoperiod of L16: D8 for breeding. Before the water culture cotton wilt, the one-year-old Hibiscus solenopsis is inoculated to the fresh water culture cotton according to the method for periodic cultivation.
Comparative example 3
Picking potato branches at a temperature of 7: 00-9: 00 (20-25 ℃) in a vigorous growth period of the potatoes, wherein the length of each potato branch is 15cm and each potato branch is provided with 6 leaves. The lower ends of the picked potato branches need to be immediately immersed in water; obliquely shearing the tail end of the potato branch at an angle of 45 degrees under water, wherein the oblique shearing position is 2.0-3.0 cm below a nodule, and keeping the potato branch at 12 cm; and (3) immersing the lower ends of the pruned branches into 1000 times of diluent of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 10s, and fixing the potato branches in a water culture device filled with distilled water. 20-head first-instar Chinese hibiscus mealybugs with the same size are connected to the water-cultured potatoes, and the water-cultured potatoes after being connected with insects are covered by a 120-mesh breathable gauze and isolated from the outside. The seeds are placed in an air-conditioned room with the room temperature of 23-28 ℃, the relative humidity of 70-80% and the photoperiod of L16: D8 for breeding. Before the water culture potatoes are withered, the one-year-old hibiscus mealybugs are inoculated to the fresh water culture potatoes according to the method for periodic cultivation.
Comparative example 4
Picking tomato branches at a temperature of 7: 00-9: 00 (20-25 ℃) in a vigorous tomato growth period, wherein the lengths of the tomato branches are 15cm and the tomato branches are provided with 6 leaves. The lower end of the picked tomato branch needs to be immediately immersed in water; obliquely shearing the tail end of the tomato branch at an angle of 45 degrees under water, wherein the oblique shearing position is 2.0-3.0 cm below a node, and keeping the tomato branch at 12 cm; and (3) immersing the lower end of the pruned branch into 1000 times of diluent of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 10s, and fixing the tomato branch in a water culture device filled with distilled water. 20-head single-age Hibiscus solenopsis Leyss of the same size are connected to the water-cultured tomatoes, and the water-cultured tomatoes which are connected with the insects are covered by a 120-mesh breathable gauze and isolated from the outside. The seeds are placed in an air-conditioned room with the room temperature of 23-28 ℃, the relative humidity of 70-80% and the photoperiod of L16: D8 for breeding. Before the water culture tomatoes wither, the one-year-old hibiscus mealybugs are inoculated to the fresh water culture tomatoes for periodic cultivation according to the method.
Example 10
And (3) picking achyranthes bidentata branches at a time period of 7: 00-9: 00 (20-25 ℃) in a vigorous growth period of the achyranthes bidentata, wherein the length of each achyranthes bidentata branch is 13cm and each achyranthes bidentata branch is provided with 4 leaves. The lower end of the picked achyranthes bidentata branch needs to be immediately immersed in water; obliquely shearing the tail end of the achyranthes bidentata branch at an angle of 45 degrees under water, wherein the oblique shearing position is 2.0-3.0 cm below a nodule, and keeping the achyranthes bidentata branch 10 cm; immersing 5.0cm of the lower end of the pruned branch into 1000 times of diluent of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 10s, and fixing the achyranthes bidentata branch in a water culture device filled with distilled water. 15 nymphs of three-year-old Hibiscus solenopsis Lecanis with the same size are connected to a water-cultured bovine lap, and the water-cultured achyranthes bidentata after being connected is covered by a 120-mesh breathable gauze and isolated from the outside. Then 1 pair of the preliminarily emerged (1-2D) mated Bay jumping bees are blown into the device, and the device is placed in an air-conditioned room with the room temperature of 23-28 ℃, the relative humidity of 70-80% and the photoperiod of L16: D8 for breeding.
Example 11
15 adult female Lecanicillium solenopsis of the same size were inoculated on the above-ground bovine side in the hydroponic culture, and the procedure was the same as in example 10.
Comparative examples 5 to 7
15 nymphs of three-instar Hibiscus solenopsis which are consistent in size are respectively connected to the hydroponic plants in the comparative examples 2-3, and the connected hydroponic achyranthes roots are covered by a 120-mesh breathable gauze and isolated from the outside. Then 1 pair of the preliminarily emerged (1-2D) mated Bay jumping bees are blown into the device, and the device is placed in an air-conditioned room with the room temperature of 23-28 ℃, the relative humidity of 70-80% and the photoperiod of L16: D8 for breeding.
Example 12
Comparing the influence of different host plant cultivation modes and plant species on the escape amount of the Leptococcus solonii
The process of example 4 and the comparison documents 1 to 4 were repeated 5 times, and the number of the remaining mealybugs was counted after 24 hours. The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 mealybug escape differences over different cultivation methods and host plant species
| Host plant | Number of the rest mealybugs (head) | |
| Example 4 | Hydroponic achyranthes bidentata | 19.20±0.37a |
| Comparative example 1 | Potted achyranthes bidentata | 11.00±0.71b |
| Comparative example 2 | Water culture cotton | 12.80±0.58b |
| Comparative example 3 | Hydroponic potato | 8.80±0.58c |
| Comparative example 4 | Hydroponic tomatoes | 6.20±0.37d |
Note: different lower case letters indicate that the difference between different cultivation methods/host types is significant.
It can be seen from table 4 that the mealybugs of hibiscus solenopsis hardly escape from the hydroponic stems and leaves of achyranthes bidentata, while about half of the mealybugs escape from the potted achyranthes bidentata seedlings, the hydroponic stems and leaves of cotton and the hydroponic stems and leaves of potato, and more than 2/3 of the mealybugs escape from the hydroponic stems and leaves of tomato.
Example 13
Evaluation of the propagation influence of different host plants on Lecanicillium involving Hibiscus
In the process of developing the 1 st nymphae of the mealybugs of the hibiscus sinensis to female adults, comparing the difficulty of artificial inoculation of water culture seedlings of 4 host plants, the development condition of the coccid, the survivability, the material management, the difficulty of natural enemy harvesting, the material cost and the like; the influence of the water culture seedlings of different host plants on the survival, development and propagation of the mealybugs is determined.
TABLE 5 propagation indexes of different hydroponic host plants for raising Hibiscus solenopsis
Note: different lower case letters indicate that the difference between different host types is significant, as follows.
As can be seen from Table 5, during the process of inoculation, the leaves of achyranthes bidentata are flat and large in quantity, and the insects are easy to inoculate; the cotton leaves are large, and the insect inoculation is easy; the surface area of the potato and tomato leaves is small, nymphs are easy to drop during inoculation, and the nymphs are difficult to inoculate. The hydroponic achyranthes stem and leaf can survive for 32 days under laboratory conditions, which is much higher than other host plant species, can effectively reduce the times of host plant replacement, and is beneficial to saving working hours and promoting the development and propagation of mealybugs. The hydroponic achyranthes stem and leaf is superior to other varieties in terms of the development degree of the inoculated insects, the difficulty of indoor management and the difficulty of natural enemy harvesting. In addition, the raw material cost of the achyranthes root which is a common wild plant is close to 0.
TABLE 6 survival rate, development stage and propagation difference of Lecanicillium graminis on different hydroponic host plants
As can be seen from Table 6, there were large differences in the survival, development and propagation of Leptococcus solonii on different hydroponic host plants. Wherein, the survival rate of the mealybugs, the development period of 3-year nymphs and female adults (the optimal host age of the small bombesi batrachii) and the egg laying amount per female are respectively 55.00 percent, 34.00d and 328.00 grains by using the water culture achyranthes bidentata stem and leaf excellent.
Generally, the survival rate of 1 st gecko nymphs is low. Among them, the density of different mealybugs is an important factor affecting the survival rate thereof. In the embodiment 5-9, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 nymphs of 1-year old Hibiscus solenopsis are respectively inoculated on the hydroponic achyranthes bidentata, and the treatment is repeated for 3 times; the death and molting conditions are recorded day by day, and the development period, the development time of each age and the egg laying amount of the female adults are counted.
TABLE 7 Effect of different Lepidium meyenii Rupr nymphs on survival and oviposition
| Density of mealybug | Survival rate (%) | Egg laying amount (granule) | |
| Example 5 | 4 | 66.67±16.67a | 311.00±18.04a |
| Example 6 | 6 | 94.44±5.56a | 345.00±11.93a |
| Example 7 | 8 | 70.83±15.02a | 330.00±20.84a |
| Example 8 | 10 | 66.67±18.56a | 342.00±15.87a |
| Example 9 | 12 | 58.33±17.35a | 255.33±5.36b |
Note: different lower case letters indicate that the difference between different mealybugs is significant.
As can be seen from Table 7, the density of different mealybugs has a great influence on the egg laying amount of the single female, wherein the egg laying amount of the single female is 311.00-342.00 eggs when the density of 1 instar mealybug nymphs is 4-10, which is far higher than that of the mealybug nymphs which are 12. Meanwhile, when the 1 st nymph eating the achyranthes bidentata leaf develops to a female adult, the single female spawning amount is higher than that of tomatoes, eggplants (yellow aromas, etc., 2011), cottons (deer east and commercial break force, 2016) and hibiscus tender leaves (king super, etc., 2016).
TABLE 8 development of mealybug eggs, nymphs and female adults on achyranthes plants
The shortened development period of the mealybugs is probably related to the promotion of the individual development acceleration of the host plants in favor of the eating and digestion of the mealybugs. For feeding the bombus batrachii, a proper host plant variety is selected, the development period of the mealybugs of the hibiscus is shortened as much as possible, a host age (3-year nymphs and female adults) suitable for parasitism is obtained, and the propagation efficiency can be greatly improved. The results in Table 8 show that the development duration of 1-2 instar Ericerus fuscipes on the achyranthes bidentata plant is 12.2d, which is shorter than the development duration on pumpkin (16.53d) and okra (12.8d), and the development duration on cotton (the most suitable host of Ericerus fuscipes) is not different from the development duration on cotton (yellow fragrant, et al, 2011; Wu Dongdong and Shang Wu, 2016).
Example 14
Evaluation of the propagation Effect of different host plants on the Potentilla bambusae
The small bangesbeiya is inoculated according to the methods of examples 10-11 and comparative examples 5-7, the small bangesbeiya is sucked out after 72 hours, and the number of the stiff geckos of the cotton bollworm of the hibiscus sinensis, the emergence rate of the bees and the proportion of female offspring are counted after 14 days. Evaluating the effect of water culture seedlings of different host plants on the development duration, the life and the fitness of the female bees of the Babylonia.
TABLE 9 growth, female life and fitness differences of Brachypoda bambusicola on different hydroponic host plants
As can be seen from table 9, different hydroponic host plants had an effect on both the development of the bane jumping bees, the longevity of the female bees and the fitness of the parasitism. The time from egg laying to emergence of the small bang-Shi bees using the mealybugs on the stems and leaves of the hydroponic achyranthes bidentata is shortest (only 12.40 days), the life of the female insects is longest (up to 15.20 days), the parasitic rate to the mealybugs (96.00%) and the offspring ratio (female: male ═ 2.97) are highest.
TABLE 10 parasitic rate, emergence rate and offspring ratio of Boswellia serrata parasitic on cattle laptop hibiscus solenopsis
| Age of host | Parasitic ratio (%) | Eclosion Rate (%) | Offspring sex ratio (male: female) | |
| Example 10 | 3-year-old nymphs | 95.97±1.32a | 98.67±1.33a | 3.36±0.97a |
| Example 11 | Adult female | 96.00±1.87a | 95.89±1.03a | 2.97±0.60a |
The parasitic rate, the emergence rate and the offspring ratio of the hibiscus solenopsis 3-year nymphs and female adults on the achyranthes bidentata parasitic on the small bee of bans are close to 100 percent, the emergence rate is higher than 90 percent, and the offspring ratio is 2.97-3.36, which is far higher than the parasitic rate, the emergence rate and the offspring ratio on potatoes (he 23247; fen, etc., 2012) and cotton (Huangjun, etc., 2012; Zhang, etc., 2014; Zhang et al, 2016).
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for breeding mealybugs indoors comprises the following steps: carrying out water culture on achyranthes bidentata, inoculating a Hippocampus sinensis Leyss-Beck on the water-cultured achyranthes bidentata for breeding, and transferring the Hippocampus sinensis Leyss-Beck to a fresh water-cultured beef knee before the achyranthes bidentata wilt;
the achyranthes bidentata is a achyranthes bidentata branch with the length of 10-20 cm, and the number of leaves contained on the achyranthes bidentata branch is 4-6;
the achyranthes bidentata branches are fresh branches picked at 7: 00-9: 00 am;
the hydroponic culture solution is distilled water and 0.2mg/L indolebutyric acid solution;
the achyranthes bidentata branch inoculated with the Hibiscus solenopsis is subjected to water culture for 16-32 days, and then a fresh water-cultured achyranthes bidentata branch is replaced;
the age of the inoculated hibiscus sinensis mealybugs is one year, and the inoculation amount is 4-20 heads per achyranthes bidentata.
2. A method for indoor breeding of Brachypodium bambusicola comprises the following steps: carrying out water culture on achyranthes bidentata, and inoculating the mealybugs of Hibiscus rosasinensis to the water-cultured achyranthes bidentata; isolating achyranthes bidentata inoculated with the Hibiscus soloniella from the outside by using a gauze, and blowing the primarily eclosized and mated small bane into the gauze for breeding;
the inoculated Chinese hibiscus mealybugs are third-instar nymphs or female adults, and the inoculation amount is 10-20 heads per achyranthes bidentata;
the achyranthes bidentata is a achyranthes bidentata branch with the length of 10-20 cm, and the achyranthes bidentata branch contains 4-6 leaves;
the water culture solution of achyranthes bidentata is distilled water or 0.2mg/L indolebutyric acid solution.
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