CN116239707A - 一种胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及生物医药技术领域,具体涉及一种胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物及其制备方法和应用。本发明采用化学法将胰岛素连接到非抗凝肝素上制备了一种胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物(INS‑NAHP2),所述INS‑NAHP2相比于非抗凝肝素具有良好的血脑屏障透过率。对糖尿病合并帕金森病模型小鼠进行INS‑NAHP2给药治疗,发现可改善小鼠的帕金森病症行为,并能提高酪氨酸羟化酶和多巴胺转运蛋白的表达,同时,小鼠血糖也得到了有效控制,说明INS‑NAHP2对糖尿病合并帕金森病具有良好的潜在疗效。因此,本发明提供的胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物可用于制备用于治疗和改善糖尿病合并帕金森病的食品或药物,具有较高的临床应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医药技术领域,具体涉及到一种胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物及其制备方法和应用,尤其涉及在治疗糖尿病合并帕金森病中的应用。
背景技术
帕金森病和糖尿病分别属于中枢神经退行性疾病和代谢性疾病,两者看似不相关,但实际上它们之间存在着复杂的联系。临床上约有20%的帕金森病患者会同时患有糖尿病。另外,调查研究发现,与非糖尿病患者相比,糖尿病患者患帕金森病的风险增加了1.34倍;另一项在美国的研究发现,超过10年糖尿病史的患者患帕金森病的风险会增加1.75倍。截至2021年,我国约有1.4亿糖尿病患者,因此具有很高的糖尿病合并帕金森病的患病风险。帕金森和糖尿病都是终身性疾病,需长期使用药物治疗。注射胰岛素是控制血糖最常用的手段,对于帕金森病,可以通过左旋多巴类等药物来缓解症状,但这类药物会使血糖升高,需要密切监测血糖。因此,帕金森合并糖尿病患者需要长期不间断地使用不同的药物来控制病情,开发多效药物将极大程度地提高患者的生活质量。
血脑屏障是存在于毛细血管与脑组织之间的一层特殊的保护屏障,它能有效地阻止代谢废物和有毒物质通过血液循环进入中枢神经系统,同时又将重要的营养物质运送到大脑。这些功能对维持中枢神经系统正常生理功能有着十分重要的意义。然而,很多治疗神经系统疾病的药物不能通过血脑屏障,不能进入大脑,这对于神经系统疾病的治疗造成了巨大的阻碍。血脑屏障是脑部药物开发的瓶颈,也是限制神经治疗未来发展的最重要因素,因此,研发出能够通过血脑屏障的药物是目前神经系统疾病治疗的当务之急。研究表明,一些蛋白如胰岛素、低密度脂蛋白和转铁蛋白等蛋白可以通过受体介导转运穿过血脑屏障,将治疗药物结合到这些蛋白上,可以有效提高药物的血脑屏障透过率,这种方法为脑内药物递送提供了新思路。美国Denali公司已经运用该策略成功将LRRK2抑制剂等药物转入脑内,用于治疗神经变性疾病,该类药物在国内还处于空白。
肝素是一种高度硫酸化、非均一的线性糖胺聚糖。近年来研究发现,肝素在改善帕金森病方面表现出了巨大潜力,而且肝素作为临床应用的抗凝药物,具有较好的生物安全性。但是,由于高负电性,肝素很难透过血脑屏障,更难以发挥其抗帕金森活性。而胰岛素可以通过载体介导转运而透过血脑屏障,因此,本发明利用胰岛素能穿过血脑屏障的特性,将非抗凝肝素结合到胰岛素上,制备胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物,不仅可以提高肝素的血脑屏障透过率,用于改善帕金森病症,而且胰岛素保持了降血糖活性,可同时用于糖尿病和帕金森病的治疗。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种胰岛素修饰的非抗凝肝素衍生物和其制备方法,及其在制备治疗糖尿病合并帕金森病食品或药物中的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物,其特征在于,肝素糖链还原端的半缩醛羟基与NH2-PEGm-COOH的氨基发生缩合反应,胰岛素的氨基与NH2-PEGm-COOH的羧基反应形成酰胺键;结构通式如下:
其中,R1为氢或磺酸基;R2为氢、乙酰基或磺酸基;R3为氢或磺酸基;n为1-20之间的任意整数;m为1-12之间的任意整数;x表示与1个胰岛素分子连接的肝素链数量,为1-4之间的任意整数;所述结构式中最右侧酰胺键中的氨基为胰岛素的氨基。
所述胰岛素修饰的非抗凝肝素衍生物的制备方法为:
(1)将1.0 g肝素钠(纯度>95%)溶于5-20 mL纯水中,加入25 mL现配的100-200mmol/L NaIO4溶液,搅拌均匀,在4°C条件下避光反应24 h,然后使用1-5 kDa超滤膜离心脱盐;加入50 mg NaBH4将醛基还原为羟基;调节反应溶液的pH=4.0,继续搅拌15 min,水解打开的糖环,用NaOH溶液调节pH至7.0,加入乙醇至乙醇浓度为70-80% (v/v)时,静置收集沉淀。沉淀复溶后采用1-5 kDa超滤膜离心脱盐后冻干,得到非抗凝肝素(NAHP);
(2)将步骤(1)制备的非抗凝肝素、NH2-PEGm-COOH和氰基硼氢化钠(质量比为1:1-3:2-6)在适量水中混合,在50-80℃下反应24-48小时,再加入同等质量的氰基硼氢化钠继续反应24-48小时;反应完成后,采用截留分子量为1-5 kDa的超滤膜离心脱盐、冻干;
(3)使用0.05-0.2 mol/L的MES缓冲液(0.1 mol/L 2-(N-吗啉基)乙磺酸,0.5mol/L NaCl,pH=6.0)将(2)中产物配置成10 mg/mL溶液,加入肝素5-20倍物质的量的1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和20-50倍物质的量的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(Sulfo-NHS),混合均匀后室温反应15分钟;
(4)使用0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液溶解胰岛素(10 mg/mL),按照胰岛素与肝素的物质的量之比(胰岛素:肝素=1:1-4)加入到(3)溶液中,混合均匀后室温反应1-4小时,超滤脱盐、冻干,得到胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生产物INS-NAHP2。
所述胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物INS-NAHP2在制备治疗糖尿病合并帕金森病食品或药物中的应用。
所述胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物INS-NAHP2的血脑屏障透过率为0-30%。
所述胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物INS-NAHP2能同时治疗模型小鼠的帕金森病(改善行为学病症,并提高酪氨酸羟化酶T和多巴胺转运蛋白DAT的表达)和降低疾病小鼠的血糖水平(血糖浓度在4.5-10.0 mmol/L之间)。
以所述胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物INS-NAHP2为活性成分,与药学或食品上可接受的辅料或辅助添加剂成分混合后,按照常规制剂方法,可以用来制备治疗糖尿病合并帕金森病的食品或药物。
本发明所具有的优点:
本发明首次提供了一种胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物INS-NAHP2及其制备方法,并提供了INS-NAHP2在制备治疗糖尿病合并帕金森病食品或药物中的应用。INS-NAHP2具有良好的血脑屏障透过率,极大提高了非抗凝肝素入脑剂量,从而发挥肝素的改善帕金森活性,同时,INS-NAHP2保持了胰岛素的降血糖活性。另外,INS-NAHP2具有良好的生物安全性。因此,INS-NAHP2能够用于制备治疗糖尿病合并帕金森病的药物,具有潜在的开发利用价值。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物INS-NAHP2的合成路线图;其中R1为氢或磺酸基中的任意一种;R2为氢、乙酰基或磺酸基中的任意一种;R3为氢或磺酸基中的任意一种;n为1-20之间的任意整数;m为1-12之间的任意整数;x表示与1个胰岛素分子连接的肝素链数量,为1-4之间的任意整数:
图2为本发明实施例提供的胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物和非抗凝肝素在小鼠体内的药代动力学研究结果图;其中图2A为胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物及非抗凝肝素的药代动力曲线测定结果图;图2B为胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物及非抗凝肝素在给药45 min后小鼠脑脊液和血液里药物浓度的测定结果图;
图3为本发明实施例提供的胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物给药后小鼠的行为学研究结果图;其中图3A为胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物给药后小鼠的旷场实验结果图;图3B为胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物给药后小鼠的旷场实验柱状图;图3C为胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物给药后小鼠的爬杆实验结果图;图3D为胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物给药后小鼠的悬挂实验结果图;
图4为本发明实施例提供的胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物给药后小鼠脑组织中蛋白酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)和多巴胺转运蛋白(DAT)表达情况图;其中图4A为的胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物给药后小鼠黑质致密部病理切片的TH免疫组化染色结果图;图4B为胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物给药后小鼠黑质致密部病理切片的TH免疫组化染色结果柱状图;图4C为胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物给药后对小鼠脑组织中TH和DAT蛋白表达的影响图;图4D和4E为胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物给药后对小鼠脑组织中TH和DAT蛋白表达的影响结果柱状图;
图5为本发明实施例提供的胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物和非抗凝肝素给药后对小鼠血糖的影响图;
图6为本发明实施例3疾病模型造模和注射非抗凝肝素时间图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行详细描述。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本发明所限定的范围。
实施例1 胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物INS-NAHP2的制备方法,合成路线如图1所示,具体步骤如下:
(1)非抗凝肝素(NAHP)的制备
将1.0 g肝素钠(纯度>95%)溶于10 mL纯水中,加入25 mL现配的140 mM NaIO4溶液,搅拌均匀,在4°C条件下避光反应24 h,然后使用3 kDa超滤膜离心脱盐。加入50 mgNaBH4将醛基还原为羟基。调节反应溶液的pH=4.0,继续搅拌15 min,水解打开的糖环。用NaOH溶液调节pH至7.0,加入乙醇至乙醇浓度为75% (v/v)时,静置收集沉淀。沉淀复溶后采用3 kDa超滤膜离心脱盐后冻干,得到非抗凝肝素(NAHP)。
(2)INS-NAHP2的制备
①将非抗凝肝素NAHP、NH2-PEG3-COOH和氰基硼氢化钠(NaCNBH3)(质量比为1:1:2)在适量水中混合,在80℃下反应24小时,再加入同等质量的氰基硼氢化钠继续反应24小时。反应完成后,采用截留分子量为3 kDa的超滤膜离心脱盐、冻干;
②使用0.1 mol/L的MES缓冲液(0.1 mol/L 2-(N-吗啉基)乙磺酸,0.5mol/LNaCl,pH=6.0)将非抗凝肝素配置成10 mg/mL溶液,加入非抗凝肝素10倍物质的量的1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和30倍物质的量的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(Sulfo-NHS),混合均匀后室温反应15分钟;
③使用0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液溶解胰岛素(10 mg/mL),按照胰岛素与非抗凝肝素的物质的量之比(胰岛素:肝素=1:2)加入到②中溶液,混合均匀后室温反应4小时,透析脱盐、冻干,得到胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生产物INS-NAHP2。
实施例2 胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物INS-NAHP2血脑屏障透过率的测定
实验方法:
购买18只C57BL/6雄性小鼠,分为空白对照组、肝素组和INS-NAHP2组,每组6只小鼠。INS-NAHP2组每只小鼠尾静脉注射400 μg INS-NAHP2,肝素组注射等量非抗凝肝素,空白组注射等量生理盐水。注射后每组随机抽取3只小鼠,每隔15 min尾静脉取血,持续2 h,进行药代曲线测定。每组中其它3只小鼠在注射药物45 min后进行麻醉,采用尾静脉取血法取100 μL左右血液,分离出血清;另外,用酒精灯加热采血管,拉成丝状,制备微量吸管。将小鼠麻醉后固定,在后脑(两耳连线中点)至颈部沿中线将皮肤剪开,并用止血钳固定。用镊子将肌肉小心剥离并用止血钳固定,直到露出白色的硬脊膜,期间避免出血。用无菌棉球轻轻擦拭后,将自制的微量吸管轻轻旋入硬脊膜,直到有透明脑脊液(CSF)沿吸管上升,每只小鼠约取5 μL脑脊液。分别取3 μL脑脊液和血清,加入2 µL肝素酶Ӏ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ溶液和2 µL酶解缓冲液,37℃酶解48 h。采用LC-MS测定样本中肝素二糖的含量,采用非抗凝肝素作为外标,根据二糖峰面积对脑脊液与血清中各二糖进行定量。脑脊液与血清中二糖总含量的比值即为INS-NAHP2或非抗凝肝素的血脑屏障透过率。
LC-MS分析条件:Phenomenex Luna HILIC色谱柱;流动相A为5 mmol/L醋酸铵水溶液,B 为5 mmol/L醋酸铵 98%乙腈溶液;流速为 0.15 mL/min;进样量:8 μL;程序:0-20min 95% B,20-122 min 95%-77%B,122-127 min 77%-50% B,127-150 min 50% B,150-151min 50%-95% B,151-170 min 95% B。LTQ Orbitrap XL质谱参数:喷雾电压-4.5 kV;鞘气流速 20 arb;辅助气流速 5 arb;毛细传输管温度275℃;扫描范围240-800 m/z。
药代实验结果如图2A所示,注射INS-NAHP2或非抗凝肝素后,血药浓度在60 min内呈下降趋势,60 min后稳定在20 μg/mL;血脑屏障透过率的测定结果如图2B所示,肝素组药物的血脑屏障透过率仅为1.3%,而INS-NAHP2组药物的血脑屏障透过率为19.8%,约为非抗凝肝素的15倍。可见,经过胰岛素修饰后,肝素的血脑屏障透过率得到了显著提高。而且,注射INS-NAHP2后实验小鼠没有表现出任何不良反应,说明INS-NAHP2具有良好的生物安全性。
实施例3 胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物INS-NAHP2对糖尿病合并帕金森病模型小鼠行为学的影响
实验方法:
购买48只7~8周龄的C57/BL6雄性小鼠,平均分为4组:空白对照组、疾病模型组、肝素组和INS-NAHP2组。出空白对照组外,其它组连续皮下注射1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)(20 mg/kg/day)8天以建立帕金森病模型,连续腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(50 mg/kg/day)8天以建立Ӏ型糖尿病模型,空白对照组注射等量生理盐水。糖尿病合并帕金森病小鼠造模成功后,肝素组注射非抗凝肝素(20 mg/kg/day),INS-NAHP2组注射INS-NAHP2(20mg/kg/day),其它组注射等量生理盐水,持续治疗28天,如图6所示。
小鼠给药结束后第三天进行旷场、爬杆和悬挂行为学实验,以评价低分子肝素的治疗效果。每组测试6只,每只测试3次,结果取平均值。
旷场实验:取干净大鼠笼,从各组随机抽取一只小鼠轻轻置于笼内,采用摄像仪进行录像,记录在5 min内小鼠的行动路程及平均速度。采用Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件进行视频分析,绘制热点图。
爬杆实验:在大鼠笼中放置一根长55 cm、直径约10 mm的木杆,将小鼠头朝上置于杆顶小球,记录小鼠完全转身向下的时间和后爪完全着地的时间。
悬挂实验:取一根棉质长绳,固定在离地面约50 cm的高度,使小鼠前爪抓住绳子,观察小鼠行为并打分,同时也按照悬挂时间评分。
旷场实验结果如图3A和图3B所示,INS-NAHP2能显著改善帕金森小鼠的运动能力,INS-NAHP2组小鼠的运动距离显著增加;爬杆实验结果如图3C所示,INS-NAHP2治疗后疾病小鼠的爬杆总时间和掉头时间显著缩短;悬挂实验结果如图3D所示,INS-NAHP2组在悬挂实验中的得分也明显高于模型组。行为学实验说明INS-NAHP2能有效改善帕金森病症。
实施例4 胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物INS-NAHP2对糖尿病合并帕金森病模型小鼠脑部蛋白酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)和多巴胺转运蛋白(DAT)表达的影响
实验方法:
(1)病理学评价。从实施例3的每组中取6只小鼠,麻醉后进行多聚甲醛灌注,解剖取脑组织,浸泡于多聚甲醛中固定,脱水后石蜡包埋。对黑质致密部切片进行酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)免疫组化染色,根据阳性细胞数来评价多巴胺能神经元的存活率。
(2)免疫印迹法(Western blotting)。提取小鼠脑组织总蛋白,用BCA试剂盒测定总蛋白浓度。用PBS调整浓度一致,然后加入5倍的上样缓冲液,在100℃的金属浴中加热5min。采用凝胶试剂盒制备10% SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶。在上样孔中加入等量变性蛋白溶液(20 μg)和5 μL预染色蛋白Marker。电泳在200V恒压下进行,当溴酚蓝带到达凝胶下缘时终止。去除凝胶,使用湿自旋法将蛋白转移到醋酸纤维素(PVDF)膜上(转移电流200 mA,持续90 min)。根据Maker的相对分子质量切出带有转移的目标蛋白(TH和DAT)的PVDF膜,立即用5%的脱脂奶粉封闭2 h。在4℃下与一抗杂交过夜,在含有TBST的培养皿中小心去除膜并冲洗3次,每次10 min。随后,PVDF膜与二抗在室温下杂交1 h,然后用TBST冲洗3次。采用Vazyme增强ECL化学发光检测试剂盒进行制备,ChemiDoc MP系统检测Western blot,Image Jv. 1.52a定量条带灰度值。
TH染色结果如图4A和图4B所示,INS-NAHP2给药后INS-NAHP2组的TH阳性细胞数量明显高于模型组;Western blotting结果如图4C、图4D和图4E所示,INS-NAHP2组中TH和DAT的表达量相比于模型组,分别增加了约1.86倍和1.72倍。这些结果说明,INS-NAHP2对帕金森病具有良好的潜在治疗效果。
实施例5 胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物INS-NAHP2对糖尿病合并帕金森病模型小鼠血糖的影响
实验方法:
从实施例3所述各组中随机选取3只小鼠,在造模和给药阶段全程进行血糖监测。小鼠禁水禁食12 h,固定小鼠,用手术刀片轻轻割破小鼠尾静脉,注意不要切断尾巴,出血后用插有血糖试纸的血糖仪进行测定,记录每只小鼠的血糖数值。每4天测量一次,连续监测28天后,绘制各组血糖变化趋势图。
血糖检测结果如图5所示,造模期间小鼠血糖急剧升高,造模8天后血糖水平接近30 mmol/L。在INS-NAHP2给药治疗8天后,小鼠血糖显著降低,接近正常水平(5-10 mmol/L),而肝素组小鼠的血糖没有明显变化,依然保持较高的血糖水平。结果说明INS-NAHP2能有效地控制糖尿病小鼠的血糖。
Claims (9)
2.一种权利要求1所述的胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,采用以下步骤:
(1)在肝素钠溶液中加入NaIO4溶液,搅拌均匀,避光反应,脱盐;加入NaBH4调节反应溶液的pH,继续搅拌,调节pH,加入乙醇,静置收集沉淀;沉淀复溶后脱盐冻干,得到非抗凝肝素;
(2)将步骤(1)制备的非抗凝肝素、NH2-PEGm-COOH和氰基硼氢化钠在水中混合,在50-80℃下反应24-48 h,再加入同等质量的氰基硼氢化钠继续反应24-48 h,反应完成后,脱盐、冻干;
(3)用MES缓冲液将步骤(2)中制备的产物配置成溶液,加入非抗凝肝素5-20倍物质的量的1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐和20-50倍物质的量的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺,混合均匀后室温反应;
(4)使用磷酸盐缓冲液溶解胰岛素,按照胰岛素与非抗凝肝素的物质的量之比为1:1-4加入到步骤(3)制备的溶液中,混合均匀后室温反应1-4小时,超滤脱盐、冻干,得到胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生产物。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述肝素钠溶液为将1.0 g肝素钠溶于5-20 mL纯水中制备得到;所述NaIO4溶液为25 mL现配的100-200 mmol/L NaIO4溶液;步骤(1)所述的避光反应为在4℃条件避光反应24 h。
4. 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述加入NaBH4调节反应溶液的pH为4.0,继续搅拌后调pH为7.0;步骤(1)中加入乙醇为加入无水乙醇调节溶液乙醇体积浓度为70-80%;步骤(1)和(2)所述脱盐均采用1-5 kDa超滤膜离心脱盐。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述非抗凝肝素、NH2-PEGm-COOH和氰基硼氢化钠的质量比1:1-3:2-6。
6. 根据权利要求2所述制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述MES缓冲液的浓度0.05-0.2 mol/L。
7.一种权利要求1所述的胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物或权利要求2-6所述制备方法制备的胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物的应用,其特征在于,所述胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生产物在制备治疗糖尿病合并帕金森病食品或药物中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物的应用,其特征在于,所述治疗糖尿病合并帕金森病的药物或药物组合物中INS-NAHP2的血脑屏障透过率为0-30%。
9.根据权利要求7所述的胰岛素修饰的肝素衍生物的应用,其特征在于:以INS-NAHP2为活性成分,与药学或食品上可接受的辅料或辅助添加剂成分混合后,按照常规制剂方法,用来制备治疗糖尿病合并帕金森病的食品或药物。
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