CN116199546A - Special slow release fertilizer for interplanting dendrobium nobile and passion fruit and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special slow release fertilizer for interplanting dendrobium nobile and passion fruit and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B15/00—Organic phosphatic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/40—Fertilisers incorporated into a matrix
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of dendrobium nobile cultivation, in particular to a special slow release fertilizer for interplanting dendrobium nobile and passion fruit and a preparation method thereof, wherein the slow release fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 33-45 parts of sweet potato residue, 10-30 parts of passion fruit branches and leaves, 8-13 parts of pine needles, 50-70 parts of corn stalks, 20-45 parts of bagasse, 60-80 parts of bamboo leaves, 10-12 parts of potassium feldspar powder, 5-8 parts of limestone powder, 2-3 parts of medical stone powder, 1-3 parts of pectin, 0.1-0.3 part of animal hair, 8-10 parts of chicken bone powder, 3-5 parts of urea phosphate, 3-5 parts of corn powder, 5-7 parts of potassium humate and 0.2-0.4 part of silicate cement. The invention fully takes account of the molding characteristics and fertilizer efficiency release of carbonized particles; the used animal hair is formed by mixing chicken feather, pig feather and rabbit feather, so that the slow release effect can be further improved, the soil matrix is obviously improved, the soil water and fertilizer release effect is better, and the growth of dendrobium and passion fruits is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dendrobium nobile cultivation, in particular to a special slow release fertilizer for interplanting dendrobium nobile and passion fruit and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The dendrobium is a perennial herb plant of Dendrobium genus of Orchidaceae family, and is a national first-level and second-level protective plant. In Shennong Ben Cao Jing, dendrobium nobile is listed as the top grade, has the effects of nourishing yin and moistening lung, nourishing stomach and promoting fluid production, moistening lung and relieving cough, etc. Modern pharmacological researches have shown that dendrobium nobile has the functions of enhancing immunity, resisting aging, resisting cancer, resisting fatigue and dilating blood vessels. The dendrobium is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas such as China, thailand, burmese, vietnam and the like, and domestic areas with Guangxi, yunnan, guizhou and the like as primary areas. At present, wild resources are exhausted, and China is prohibited from picking for many years. Dendrobe is difficult to meet market demands, and therefore a large amount of artificial cultivation is required to meet the expanding market demands.
Passion fruit is a tropical vine fruit, and is quite popular in China in recent years, and due to quick response and high benefit, various governments are used for supporting the development of the new fruit which is rich in passion fruit, and in recent years, the cultivation area of only Guangxi passion fruit is over 60 ten thousand mu. However, due to the fact that the water and fertilizer management technology is behind, the problems of few flowers and fruits and low yield (most obvious in spring cultivation) of the passion fruit cultivated in a large area in several years, poor quality, serious diseases and low benefit exist in the passion fruit. This is because all fertilizers on the market (including inorganic fertilizers or organic fertilizers) have a nutrient ratio which cannot meet the requirements of passion fruit as vine fruit. The passion fruit is cultivated in spring every year, the high-temperature rainwater season of five and six months comes in summer, the passion fruit vine is easy to grow, the reproductive growth is inhibited, the nutritional growth is more vigorous, the overgrowth of the passion fruit vine is promoted, insufficient illumination is formed in a short period, the propagation growth is more difficult, and the flowering and fruiting are less, so that the yield is greatly reduced.
In the current planting environment, dendrobe belongs to an epiphytic mode, passion fruit is a shallow root plant, and the dendrobe and the passion fruit can be planted in karst regions. However, how to interplant the dendrobium and passion fruit, improving the quality of the dendrobium is one of the keys in current planting.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the special slow release fertilizer for interplanting the dendrobium and the passion fruit and the preparation method thereof, and the quality of the dendrobium is improved by pertinently improving the slow release material. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
the slow release fertilizer special for interplanting dendrobe and passion fruit comprises, by mass, 33-45 parts of sweet potato residues, 10-30 parts of passion fruit branches and leaves, 8-13 parts of pine needles, 50-70 parts of corn stalks, 20-45 parts of bagasse, 60-80 parts of bamboo leaves, 10-12 parts of potassium feldspar powder, 5-8 parts of limestone powder, 2-3 parts of medical stone powder, 1-3 parts of pectin, 0.1-0.3 part of animal hair, 8-10 parts of chicken bone powder, 3-5 parts of urea phosphate, 3-5 parts of corn meal, 5-7 parts of potassium humate and 0.2-0.4 part of portland cement.
Further, the animal hair is formed by mixing chicken hair, pig hair and rabbit hair in a mass ratio of 1:1:4-7.
The preparation method of the special slow release fertilizer for interplanting dendrobium and passion fruits comprises the following steps:
(1) Forming slow-release matrix
Adding sweet potato residue, passion fruit branches and leaves, pine needles, corn stalks, bagasse and bamboo She Dao into a cement fermentation tank, adding water with the mass 1-2 times of that of the mixture, stirring for 20-30min, standing for 2-4 days, and putting the mixture into a pulverizer to process into powder; pouring the powder into a fermentation tank again, adding potassium feldspar powder, limestone powder and medical stone powder, stirring uniformly, adjusting the water content to 88-89%, and standing for 1-2 weeks; controlling the water content of the mixture to be 18-22%, pouring the mixture into a granulator, and preparing granules with the granularity of 2-3 mm; spreading the particles on cement ground, and exposing for 1-2 days;
(2) Shaping of slow-release matrix
Placing the granules obtained in the previous step into carbonization equipment, maintaining at 600-630 ℃ for 20-30min, and regulating the temperature to 530-550 ℃ and maintaining for 2-2.5h to obtain carbonized granules;
(3) Fertilizer effect adsorption
Placing the carbonized particles prepared in the previous step into a cement pond, adding clear water with the mass 1-1.5 times of that of the carbonized particles, adding urea phosphate and potassium humate, mixing, standing at 23-25 ℃ for 16-22h, adding animal hair, chicken bone meal and corn meal, uniformly mixing, controlling the humidity of the materials to be 23-25%, and preparing the materials into particles with the granularity of 4-5 mm;
the treatment mode before the animal hair is used is as follows: mixing animal hair with clear water according to a mass ratio of 1:4-4.8, heating to water temperature of 43-45 ℃, regulating pH to 8-8.5 with 0.03-0.05% potassium hydroxide, performing enzymolysis for 20-30min, pulping the mixed solution, and drying;
(4) Hole sealing for slow release fertilizer
Diluting pectin by 1000-1500 times with clear water, adding Portland cement, and mixing to obtain plugging solution; and (3) uniformly stacking the particles in the step (3) with 15-18% of water, spraying the plugging solution on the surfaces of the particles, turning the particles, and continuing to spray the plugging solution after the surfaces of the particles are dried until the plugging solution is sprayed.
Further, the starch content of the sweet potato residues is 30-35%.
Further, the sugar content of the corn straw is 10-13%.
Further, the fineness of the potassium feldspar is 1000-1200 meshes.
Further, the fineness of the medical stone is 800-1000 meshes.
Further, the fineness of the limestone is 200-300 meshes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that:
the special slow release fertilizer for interplanting dendrobe and passion fruit adopts sweet potato residues, passion fruit branches and leaves, pine needles, corn stalks, bagasse, bamboo leaves, potassium feldspar powder, limestone powder, medical stone powder, pectin, animal hair, chicken bone powder, urea phosphate, corn flour, potassium humate and silicate cement as raw materials, and fully considers the molding characteristics and fertilizer efficiency release of carbonized particles; the animal hair is prepared by mixing chicken feather, pig feather and rabbit feather, and can further improve slow release effect.
According to the invention, the sweet potato residue, the passion fruit branches and leaves, the pine needles, the corn stalks, the bagasse and the bamboo She Dao are added into a cement fermentation tank, water is added, the mixture is stirred and placed, and the mixture is put into a pulverizer to be processed into powder, so that the refining effect of the powder is improved, and the raw material components are more easily mixed and mutually dissolved; pouring the powder into a fermentation tank again, adding potassium feldspar powder, limestone powder and medical stone powder, stirring uniformly, adjusting the water content, standing, facilitating the ion dissolution in the ore powder, and promoting the fusion between organic and inorganic components; the mixture is poured into a granulator to prepare granules, so that the components of the granules are conveniently fixed; spreading the particles on the cement ground, and insolating to further strengthen the particle structure; the starch content of sweet potato residues is controlled by improving the adhesiveness of raw materials to promote particle formation, and simultaneously, more organic components are decomposed and optimized to form a pore structure during high-temperature carbonization treatment, so that a foundation is provided for slow release of fertilizer efficiency;
placing the prepared particles into carbonization equipment, and promoting the release of carbonized gas through decomposition in different temperature sections to form a pore structure of the convergent water fertilizer; placing the prepared carbonized particles into a cement pool, adding clear water, adding urea phosphate and potassium humate, and mixing to enable the particles to fully adsorb fertilizer efficiency; adding animal hair, chicken bone powder and corn powder, mixing and granulating to make the animal hair, chicken bone powder and corn powder fully mixed on the surface of carbonized particles to form an activation layer; the animal hair is subjected to enzymolysis before being used, the fiber structure of the animal hair is disturbed, the animal hair is further refined when beating is facilitated, and the animal hair is easier to refine due to the fact that the Mao Chengduo column blocks of rabbits contain air, is easier to adhere to other components, and has a better coating effect on the surfaces of carbonized particles; the pectin is diluted by clear water and added into silicate cement to be uniformly mixed to obtain plugging solution, and the plugging solution is sprayed on the surfaces of particles to form a better coagulation structure on the surfaces of the slow release fertilizer, so that the slow release effect is improved, the soil matrix is obviously improved, the soil water and fertilizer release effect is better, and the growth of dendrobium nobile and passion fruit is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the specific surface area of carbonized particles of the present invention versus;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of passion fruit planted in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention is further defined below in conjunction with the specific embodiments, but the scope of the claimed invention is not limited to the description.
Example 1
The special slow release fertilizer for interplanting dendrobe and passion fruit comprises, by mass, 33 parts of sweet potato residues, 10 parts of passion fruit branches and leaves, 8 parts of pine needles, 50 parts of corn stalks, 20 parts of bagasse, 60 parts of bamboo leaves, 10 parts of potassium feldspar powder, 5 parts of limestone powder, 2 parts of medical stone powder, 1 part of pectin, 0.1 part of animal hair, 8 parts of chicken bone powder, 3 parts of urea phosphate, 3 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of potassium humate and 0.2 part of Portland cement; the animal hair is formed by mixing chicken hair, pig hair and rabbit hair in a mass ratio of 1:1:4.
The preparation method of the special slow release fertilizer for interplanting dendrobium and passion fruits comprises the following steps:
(1) Forming slow-release matrix
Adding sweet potato residue, passion fruit branches and leaves, pine needles, corn stalks, bagasse and bamboo She Dao into a cement fermentation tank, adding water with the mass 1 time of that of the mixture, stirring for 20min, standing for 2 days, and putting the mixture into a pulverizer to process into powder; pouring the powder into a fermentation tank again, adding potassium feldspar powder, limestone powder and medical stone powder, stirring uniformly, adjusting the water content to 88%, and standing for 1 week; controlling the moisture content of the mixture to be 18%, pouring the mixture into a granulator, and preparing granules with the granularity of 2 mm; spreading the particles on cement ground, and exposing to the sun for 1 day; the starch content of the sweet potato residues is 30%, and the sugar content of the corn stalks is 10%; the fineness of the potassium feldspar is 1000 meshes, the fineness of the medical stone is 800 meshes, and the fineness of the limestone is 200 meshes;
(2) Shaping of slow-release matrix
Placing the granules obtained in the previous step into carbonization equipment, maintaining at 600 ℃ for 20min, and regulating the temperature to 530 ℃ and maintaining for 2h to obtain carbonized granules;
(3) Fertilizer effect adsorption
Placing the carbonized particles prepared in the previous step into a cement pond, adding clear water with the mass 1 time of that of the carbonized particles, adding urea phosphate and potassium humate, mixing, standing at 23 ℃ for 16 hours, adding animal hair, chicken bone meal and corn meal, uniformly mixing, controlling the humidity of the materials to be 23%, and preparing the materials into particles with the granularity of 4 mm;
the treatment mode before the animal hair is used is as follows: mixing animal hair with clear water according to a mass ratio of 1:4, heating to a water temperature of 43 ℃, regulating pH to 8 with 0.03% potassium hydroxide, performing enzymolysis for 20min, pulping the mixed solution by a pulping machine, and drying;
(4) Hole sealing for slow release fertilizer
Diluting pectin by 1000 times with clear water, adding silicate cement, and uniformly mixing to obtain a plugging solution; and (3) controlling the moisture of the particles in the step (3) to be 15%, stacking uniformly, spraying the plugging solution on the surfaces of the particles, turning the particles, and continuing to spray the plugging solution after the surfaces of the particles are dried until the plugging solution is sprayed.
Example 2
The special slow release fertilizer for interplanting dendrobe and passion fruit comprises, by mass, 45 parts of sweet potato residues, 30 parts of passion fruit branches and leaves, 13 parts of pine needles, 70 parts of corn stalks, 45 parts of bagasse, 80 parts of bamboo leaves, 12 parts of potassium feldspar powder, 8 parts of limestone powder, 3 parts of medical stone powder, 3 parts of pectin, 0.3 part of animal hair, 10 parts of chicken bone powder, 5 parts of urea phosphate, 5 parts of corn flour, 7 parts of potassium humate and 0.4 part of Portland cement; the animal hair is formed by mixing chicken hair, pig hair and rabbit hair in a mass ratio of 1:1:7.
The preparation method of the special slow release fertilizer for interplanting dendrobium nobile and passion fruit in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) Forming slow-release matrix
Adding sweet potato residue, passion fruit branches and leaves, pine needles, corn stalks, bagasse and bamboo She Dao into a cement fermentation tank, adding water with the mass 2 times of that of the mixture, stirring for 30min, standing for 4 days, putting the mixture into a pulverizer, and processing the mixture into powder; pouring the powder into a fermentation tank again, adding potassium feldspar powder, limestone powder and medical stone powder, stirring uniformly, adjusting the water content to 89%, and standing for 2 weeks; controlling the water content of the mixture to be 22%, pouring the mixture into a granulator, and preparing granules with the granularity of 3 mm; spreading the particles on cement ground, and exposing to sun for 2 days; the starch content of the sweet potato residues is 35%, and the sugar content of the corn stalks is 13%; the fineness of the potassium feldspar is 1200 meshes, the fineness of the medical stone is 1000 meshes, and the fineness of the limestone is 300 meshes;
(2) Shaping of slow-release matrix
Placing the granules obtained in the previous step into carbonization equipment, maintaining at 630 ℃ for 30min, and regulating the temperature to 550 ℃ and maintaining for 2.5h to obtain carbonized granules;
(3) Fertilizer effect adsorption
Placing the carbonized particles prepared in the previous step into a cement pond, adding clear water with the mass 1.5 times of that of the carbonized particles, adding urea phosphate and potassium humate, mixing, standing at 25 ℃ for 22 hours, adding animal hair, chicken bone meal and corn meal, uniformly mixing, controlling the humidity of the materials to be 25%, and preparing the materials into particles with the granularity of 5 mm;
the treatment mode before the animal hair is used is as follows: mixing animal hair with clear water according to a mass ratio of 1:4.8, heating to a water temperature of 45 ℃, regulating pH to 8.5 with 0.05% potassium hydroxide, performing enzymolysis for 30min, pulping the mixed solution, and drying;
(4) Hole sealing for slow release fertilizer
Diluting pectin with clear water for 1500 times, adding Portland cement, and mixing to obtain plugging solution; and (3) controlling the moisture of the particles in the step (3) to be 18%, stacking uniformly, spraying the plugging solution on the surfaces of the particles, turning the particles, and continuing to spray the plugging solution after the surfaces of the particles are dried until the plugging solution is sprayed.
Example 3
The special slow release fertilizer for interplanting dendrobe and passion fruit comprises, by mass, 38 parts of sweet potato residues, 17 parts of passion fruit branches and leaves, 11 parts of pine needles, 66 parts of corn stalks, 33 parts of bagasse, 70 parts of bamboo leaves, 12 parts of potassium feldspar powder, 5 parts of limestone powder, 3 parts of medical stone powder, 1 part of pectin, 0.3 part of animal hair, 10 parts of chicken bone powder, 3 parts of urea phosphate, 5 parts of corn flour, 7 parts of potassium humate and 0.2 part of Portland cement; the animal hair is formed by mixing chicken hair, pig hair and rabbit hair in a mass ratio of 1:1:7.
The preparation method of the special slow release fertilizer for interplanting dendrobium nobile and passion fruit in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) Forming slow-release matrix
Adding sweet potato residue, passion fruit branches and leaves, pine needles, corn stalks, bagasse and bamboo She Dao into a cement fermentation tank, adding water with the mass 2 times of that of the mixture, stirring for 20min, standing for 4 days, putting the mixture into a pulverizer, and processing the mixture into powder; pouring the powder into a fermentation tank again, adding potassium feldspar powder, limestone powder and medical stone powder, stirring uniformly, adjusting the water content to 88%, and standing for 2 weeks; controlling the moisture content of the mixture to be 18%, pouring the mixture into a granulator, and preparing granules with the granularity of 3 mm; spreading the particles on cement ground, and exposing to sun for 2 days; the starch content of the sweet potato residues is 35%, and the sugar content of the corn stalks is 13%; the fineness of the potassium feldspar is 1000 meshes, the fineness of the medical stone is 1000 meshes, and the fineness of the limestone is 200 meshes;
(2) Shaping of slow-release matrix
Placing the granules obtained in the previous step into carbonization equipment, maintaining at 630 ℃ for 20min, and regulating the temperature to 550 ℃ and maintaining for 2h to obtain carbonized granules;
(3) Fertilizer effect adsorption
Placing the carbonized particles prepared in the previous step into a cement pond, adding clear water with the mass 1.5 times of that of the carbonized particles, adding urea phosphate and potassium humate, mixing, standing at 23 ℃ for 22 hours, adding animal hair, chicken bone meal and corn meal, uniformly mixing, controlling the humidity of the materials to be 25%, and preparing the materials into particles with the granularity of 4 mm;
the treatment mode before the animal hair is used is as follows: mixing animal hair with clear water according to a mass ratio of 1:4.8, heating to a water temperature of 45 ℃, regulating pH to 8.5 with 0.03% potassium hydroxide, performing enzymolysis for 20min, pulping the mixed solution, and drying;
(4) Hole sealing for slow release fertilizer
Diluting pectin with clear water for 1500 times, adding Portland cement, and mixing to obtain plugging solution; and (3) controlling the moisture of the particles in the step (3) to be 15%, stacking uniformly, spraying the plugging solution on the surfaces of the particles, turning the particles, and continuing to spray the plugging solution after the surfaces of the particles are dried until the plugging solution is sprayed.
Comparative example setting:
test examples
The method is carried out on a Xingzhenfeng dendrobium interplanting base according to examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-6 respectively, and after the carbonized particles are molded in comparative examples 1-4 and examples 1-3, the specific surface area of the carbonized particles is detected by using a specific surface area and pore diameter analyzer. In the planting process, the use method of the slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps: the prepared slow release fertilizer and decomposed sheep manure are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:5 and then can be applied. The mixed fertilizer is used for 200 kg/mu when dendrobium candidum is planted, and the mixed fertilizer is used for 150 kg/mu when passion fruit is planted; when the dendrobium candidum is planted, the dendrobium candidum is arranged at the edge of a land block and planted at the side surface of the land ridge, passion fruit is planted at the center of the land block, 200 kg/mu of the mixed fertilizer is used for topdressing in summer, and the dosage of the mixed fertilizer is 180 kg/mu in autumn; after planting for one year, dendrobium candidum is collected to detect polysaccharide content and extract content, passion fruit is fruiting, and the soluble solids and Vc content in the picked fruits are detected, and the results are shown in the following table.
As can be seen from the accompanying figures 1-2, the specific surface area of the carbonized particles of examples 1-3 manufactured according to the present invention is high, the specific surface area of the carbonized particles is relatively not greatly affected by comparative examples 2 and 3, and the specific surface area of the carbonized particles is significantly affected by comparative examples 1-4. As can be seen from the table, the content of dendrobium candidum polysaccharide and extract in examples 1-3 is significantly higher than that in comparative examples, and the content of passion fruit soluble solids and Vc is also significantly higher than that in comparative examples 1-6. It can be seen that the use of the sweet potato residue in comparative example 1 significantly increases the surface area of carbonized particles, optimizes the effect of slow release fertilizer, and plays an important role in the growth of passion fruits and dendrobe; in comparative examples 2 and 3, potassium feldspar and medical stone are not used, so that no obvious influence is brought to the specific surface of carbonized particles, but the loss of potassium feldspar and medical Dan Feixiao components in the slow release fertilizer has obvious influence on the growth of dendrobium and the nutrition accumulation of passion fruits; comparative example 4 the carbonization treatment temperature affects the specific surface area of carbonized particles, which has obvious influence on the release of the whole fertilizer efficiency of the slow release fertilizer, and the growth of dendrobium candidum and passion fruit is affected; in comparative example 5, when the surface of carbonized particles is blocked, the refinement degree of animal hair is influenced, so that the release process of slow release fertilizer is influenced, and the growth of dendrobium nobile and passion fruit is influenced; in comparative example 6, rabbit hair is not used, and in the process of thinning animal hair to form fibers, the fine fiber supporting effect of the rabbit hair is lacked, so that the fertilizer efficiency release effect of the slow-release fertilizer is influenced, and further the quality of dendrobe and the accumulation of passion fruit amino acid are influenced. As the content of the soluble solids and Vc is one of the main components affecting the taste quality of the passion fruits, the slow release fertilizer is applied to improve the fertilizer efficiency and absorption efficiency of the passion fruits, so that obvious effects are brought to the quality improvement of the passion fruits, the taste of the passion fruits can be improved, and market audiences can be improved.
Claims (8)
1. The slow release fertilizer special for interplanting dendrobe and passion fruit is characterized by comprising, by mass, 33-45 parts of sweet potato residues, 10-30 parts of passion fruit branches and leaves, 8-13 parts of pine needles, 50-70 parts of corn stalks, 20-45 parts of bagasse, 60-80 parts of bamboo leaves, 10-12 parts of potassium feldspar powder, 5-8 parts of limestone powder, 2-3 parts of medical stone powder, 1-3 parts of pectin, 0.1-0.3 part of animal hair, 8-10 parts of chicken bone powder, 3-5 parts of urea phosphate, 3-5 parts of corn powder, 5-7 parts of potassium humate and 0.2-0.4 part of Portland cement.
2. The slow release fertilizer special for interplanting dendrobium and passion fruit according to claim 1, wherein the animal hair is formed by mixing chicken feather, pig feather and rabbit feather in a mass ratio of 1:1:4-7.
3. A method for preparing a slow release fertilizer specially used for interplanting dendrobe and passion fruit according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Forming slow-release matrix
Adding sweet potato residue, passion fruit branches and leaves, pine needles, corn stalks, bagasse and bamboo She Dao into a cement fermentation tank, adding water with the mass 1-2 times of that of the mixture, stirring for 20-30min, standing for 2-4 days, and putting the mixture into a pulverizer to process into powder; pouring the powder into a fermentation tank again, adding potassium feldspar powder, limestone powder and medical stone powder, stirring uniformly, adjusting the water content to 88-89%, and standing for 1-2 weeks; controlling the water content of the mixture to be 18-22%, pouring the mixture into a granulator, and preparing granules with the granularity of 2-3 mm; spreading the particles on cement ground, and exposing for 1-2 days;
(2) Shaping of slow-release matrix
Placing the granules obtained in the previous step into carbonization equipment, maintaining at 600-630 ℃ for 20-30min, and regulating the temperature to 530-550 ℃ and maintaining for 2-2.5h to obtain carbonized granules;
(3) Fertilizer effect adsorption
Placing the carbonized particles prepared in the previous step into a cement pond, adding clear water with the mass 1-1.5 times of that of the carbonized particles, adding urea phosphate and potassium humate, mixing, standing at 23-25 ℃ for 16-22h, adding animal hair, chicken bone meal and corn meal, uniformly mixing, controlling the humidity of the materials to be 23-25%, and preparing the materials into particles with the granularity of 4-5 mm;
the treatment mode before the animal hair is used is as follows: mixing animal hair with clear water according to a mass ratio of 1:4-4.8, heating to water temperature of 43-45 ℃, regulating pH to 8-8.5 with 0.03-0.05% potassium hydroxide, performing enzymolysis for 20-30min, pulping the mixed solution, and drying;
(4) Hole sealing for slow release fertilizer
Diluting pectin by 1000-1500 times with clear water, adding Portland cement, and mixing to obtain plugging solution; and (3) uniformly stacking the particles in the step (3) with 15-18% of water, spraying the plugging solution on the surfaces of the particles, turning the particles, and continuing to spray the plugging solution after the surfaces of the particles are dried until the plugging solution is sprayed.
4. The method for preparing the slow release fertilizer special for interplanting dendrobe and passion fruit as claimed in claim 3, wherein the starch content of the sweet potato residues is 30-35%.
5. The method for preparing the slow release fertilizer special for interplanting dendrobe and passion fruit as claimed in claim 3, wherein the sugar content of the corn stalks is 10-13%.
6. The method for preparing the slow-release fertilizer special for interplanting dendrobe and passion fruit as claimed in claim 3, wherein the fineness of the potassium feldspar is 1000-1200 meshes.
7. The method for preparing the slow-release fertilizer special for interplanting dendrobium and passion fruit as claimed in claim 3, wherein the fineness of the medical stone is 800-1000 meshes.
8. The method for preparing the slow release fertilizer special for interplanting dendrobe and passion fruit as claimed in claim 3, wherein the fineness of the limestone is 200-300 meshes.
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