CN116178384A - 四种小檗碱中短链脂肪酸盐的制备 - Google Patents
四种小檗碱中短链脂肪酸盐的制备 Download PDFInfo
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- C07D491/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D491/14—Ortho-condensed systems
- C07D491/147—Ortho-condensed systems the condensed system containing one ring with oxygen as ring hetero atom and two rings with nitrogen as ring hetero atom
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
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Abstract
本发明公开了四种小檗碱中短链脂肪酸盐的制备。以盐酸小檗碱为原料,在水相中,分别与丁酸钠,己酸钠,辛酸钠,癸酸钠加热反应,经纯化,分别制得丁酸小檗碱,己酸小檗碱,辛酸小檗碱和癸酸小檗碱。相对盐酸小檗碱,这些小檗碱脂肪酸盐的溶解度和脂水分配系数系数均有增大,能够更好的被机体吸收,有望增强小檗碱的药物活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及四种小檗碱中短链脂肪酸盐的制备,这些化合物在癌症治疗领域有潜在的良好的应用前景。
背景技术
小檗碱是黄连等中药的主要有效成分。目前市售的法定药物是盐酸小檗碱(黄连素),传统上用于肠道感染性腹泻,安全有效。近年来,陆续发现小檗碱有多种重要药理活性和临床用途,如降糖、调脂、抗心血管疾病、抗神经退化性变性、抗癌等。小檗碱在多种癌症模型中已被证明可以抑制细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤血管生成和转移,这使小檗碱成为一种有前途的癌症治疗药物。然而,小檗碱是一种异喹啉季胺型强极性化合物,水溶性差(1 mg/1 mL),脂溶性差,黏膜渗透性小,导致血药浓度很低,同时,小檗碱在体内易受p-糖蛋外排和p-450代谢的影响,这些缺点严重制约了小檗碱的临床应用。小檗碱的结构修饰将是解决这一困境的有效途径。到目前为止,已有200多个小檗碱衍生物被修饰和合成,结构和功能关系研究表明,小檗碱的四环结构及其平面构型是不可改变的,可以产生活性。这些衍生物大多是通过在平面环上接枝长脂肪链或杂环来提高活性,但由于结构变化太大,小檗碱的生物安全性也随之丧失。在这一点上,人们提出了盐型修饰的新策略。盐型修饰的主要特点是保持小檗碱的母体结构不变,只改变阴离子,这样可以改变小檗碱的理化性质,也可以协同提高药理活性。事实证明,这种成盐修饰策略在疾病治疗方面有很大的潜力。
本专利的基本思路和技术路线就是采取盐型修饰,即采用中短链脂肪酸盐与盐酸小檗碱反应,发生阴离子交换,生成相应小檗碱脂肪酸盐。本专利采用的中短链脂肪酸盐包括癸酸钠、辛酸钠、己酸钠和丁酸钠。由于短链和中链脂肪酸具有优越的性能,它们在体内能迅速被氧化,快速提供能量,而不会造成细胞内的脂质堆积,可以改善脂质代谢紊乱,并促进胰岛素抵抗。大量研究表明,中短链脂肪酸具有增加能量代谢、抗炎、免疫调节、保护肠粘膜屏障功能等治疗作用。丁酸还作为一种组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂,具有抗癌作用。因此,短链和中链脂肪酸阴离子是有希望的用于盐酸小檗碱修饰的阴离子部分。
本专利选择癸酸根离子、辛酸根离子、己酸根离子和丁酸根离子等四种中短链脂肪酸的阴离子,分别与季胺型小檗碱阳离子通过成盐作用,制备相应的小檗碱盐,国内外未见报道。这四种小檗碱中短链脂肪酸盐将用作新药成药前的相关研究,预期将提高小檗碱口服生物利用度和增强药物活性和疗效,是有基础的,是有可能的。此外,癸酸、辛酸、己酸和丁酸的药物活性与小檗碱部分疗效有不同程度的一致性。这四种脂肪酸是口服安全的食品或药品。市场已有辛酸注射液和复方己酸注射液,因此安全性是可靠的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种合成成本低、操作容易、抗癌活性高的经丁酸钠,己酸钠,辛酸钠,癸酸钠修饰的四种小檗碱中短链脂肪酸盐的制备方法。
本发明制备的四种小檗碱中短链脂肪酸盐的化学结构。
本发明提供了上述化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1) 将盐酸小檗碱和丁酸钠按一定物质量比混合,溶解在水中,加热反应一段时间后,至冰箱冷却结晶,过滤除去固体。浓缩滤液得到无定形固体,用无水乙醇洗涤该固体,真空干燥得到丁酸小檗碱;
(2) 将盐酸小檗碱分别和己酸钠,辛酸钠,癸酸钠按一定物质量比混合,溶解在水中,加热反应一段时间,用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相在冰箱中结晶。倾析除去乙酸乙酯,真空干燥残余物,分别得到己酸小檗碱,辛酸小檗碱,癸酸小檗碱。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。在不背离本发明精神和实质的情况下,对本发明方法、步骤或条件所作的修改或替换,均属于本发明的范围。
若未特别指明,实施例中所用的化学试剂均为常规市售试剂,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。
实施例1. 丁酸小檗碱的合成
将盐酸小檗碱(100 mg,269 mmol)和丁酸钠(44.4 mg,403 mmol)溶解在水中(20mL),并在 80℃下搅拌 60 分钟。 将混合物冷却并在-4℃冰箱中结晶12小时以上,过滤除去固体。 浓缩滤液得到无定形固体。 固体用无水乙醇洗涤(20 mL×3),真空干燥得到丁酸小檗碱。1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) 9.89 (s, 1 H), 8.95 (s, 1 H), 8.20(d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.00 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.80 (s, 1 H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 6.17 (s, 2 H), 4.94 (s, 2 H), 4.08 (d, J = 13.5 Hz, 6 H), 3.20 (s, 2 H),1.89 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 2 H) , 1.42 (d, J = 7 Hz, 1 H),0.82 (t, J = 7 Hz, 3 H)。
实施例2. 己酸小檗碱的合成
将盐酸小檗碱(100 mg,269 mmol)和己酸钠(55.7 mg,403 mmol)的混合物溶解在水中(20 mL),并在 80℃下搅拌 60 分钟。 将反应混合物冷却至20℃,用乙酸乙酯(20 mL×3)萃取,有机相在-4℃冰箱中结晶12小时。 倾析除去乙酸乙酯,真空干燥残余物,得到己酸小檗碱。1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) 9.89 (s, 1 H), 8.94 (s, 1 H),8.20 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.00 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.80 (s, 1 H), 7.09 (s,1 H), 6.17 (s, 2 H), 4.93 (s, 2 H), 4.08 (d, J = 12.5 Hz, 6 H), 3.21 (s, 2H), 1.86 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 2 H) , 1.42 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 1.22 (d, J = 8.5Hz,, 1 H), 0.85 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 3 H)。
实施例3. 辛酸小檗碱合成
将盐酸小檗碱(100 mg,269 mmol)和辛酸钠(67.4 mg,403 mmol)的混合物溶解在水中(20 mL),并在 80℃下搅拌 60 分钟。 将反应液冷却至20℃,乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相在-4℃冰箱中结晶12小时。 倾析除去乙酸乙酯,真空干燥,得辛酸小檗碱 。1H NMR (500MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) 9.89 (s, 1 H), 8.94 (s, 1 H), 8.20 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.80 (s, 1 H), 7.09 (s, 1 H), 6.17 (s, 2 H),4.93 (d, J = 12.5 Hz, 2 H), 4.08 (s, 6 H), 3.20 (s, 2 H), 1.85 (t, J = 7.0Hz, 2 H) , 1.40 (s, 1 H), 1.21 (s, 1 H), 0.85 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 3 H)。
实施例4. 癸酸小檗碱的合成
将盐酸小檗碱 (100 mg, 269 mmol) 和癸酸钠 (78.4 mg, 403 mmol) 的混合物溶解在水 (20 mL) 中并在 80oC 下搅拌 60 分钟。将反应液冷却至20℃,乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相在-4℃冰箱中结晶12小时。倾析除去乙酸乙酯,真空干燥,得癸酸小檗碱 。1H NMR(500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) 9.89 (s, 1 H), 8.94 (s, 1 H), 8.20 (d, J = 9.5Hz, 1 H), 8.00 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.80 (s, 1 H), 7.09 (s, 1 H), 6.17 (s, 2H), 4.93 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 2 H), 4.08 (s, 6 H), 3.20 (s, 2 H), 1.95 (t, J =7.0 Hz, 2 H), 1.23 (s, 1 H), 1.21 (s, 1 H), 0.85 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 3 H)。
1. 表面电势的测定:四种盐型修饰小檗碱表面电势测定方法:采用ZetasizerNano ZS激光粒度仪测试盐型修饰小檗碱的表面电势。测试条件:测试温度为25oC,He-Ne激光源,波长633 nm,射角173o。每份样品测量三次,取平均值。丁酸小檗碱的Zeta电位为-12.6 ± 1.5 mV,己酸小檗碱的Zeta电位为﹣21.2 ± 3.7 mV,辛酸小檗碱的Zeta电位为﹣17.5 ± 2.4 mV,癸酸小檗碱的Zeta电位为﹣17.1 ±2.5 mV。
2. 溶解度的测定:用纯化水将盐酸小檗碱、丁酸小檗碱、己酸小檗碱、辛酸小檗碱和癸酸小檗碱配制成1 mg/mL的母液,然后从中取出不同体积稀释至4 mL配置成浓度梯度为0.004, 0.006, 0.008, 0.01, 0.012, 0.014 mg/mL的溶液。在紫外波长345 nm处测定吸光度,得到吸光度与浓度的标准曲线图。将过量的盐酸小檗碱、丁酸小檗碱、己酸小檗碱、辛酸小檗碱和癸酸小檗碱加入少量水中,超声处理1小时,静置24小时,使悬浮液达到相应的饱和度。将溶液离心、稀释200倍,在紫外 345 nm 波长处测量吸光度,然后代入线性方程以获得饱和溶液的浓度。丁酸小檗碱的溶解度为1.86 mg/mL,己酸小檗碱的溶解度为2.62mg/mL,辛酸小檗碱的溶解度为1.7 mg/mL,癸酸小檗碱的溶解度为1.49 mg/mL。
3. 采用摇瓶法测定了盐酸小檗碱和四种小檗碱脂肪酸盐的脂水分配系数,盐酸小檗碱的脂水分配系数为0.23,丁酸小檗碱的脂水分配系数为0.84,己酸小檗碱的脂水分配系数为0.63,辛酸小檗碱的脂水分配系数为0.68,癸酸小檗碱的脂水分配系数为0.47。
此外,不需要某种设备或方法来表达本发明所解决的每个问题,因为它们都已包括在本发明的权利要求之内。另外,无论本发明公开事实中的所有部分、成分,或者方法步骤是否在权利要求中被明确叙述,它们都没有贡献给公众。但是,对本领域普通技术人员来说,很明显在不背离如所附权利要求中所阐明的本发明的实质和范围的前提下,可以在形式、试剂和合成细节上做出各种改变和修饰。
Claims (5)
1.四种小檗碱中短链脂肪酸盐的制备,其特征在于以盐酸小檗碱为原料,在水相中,分别与丁酸钠,己酸钠,辛酸钠,癸酸钠加热反应,经纯化,分别制得丁酸小檗碱,己酸小檗碱,辛酸小檗碱和癸酸小檗碱。
2.根据权利要求1所述小檗碱中短链脂肪酸盐的制备方法,其特征在于该制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1) 将盐酸小檗碱和丁酸钠按一定物质量比混合,溶解在水中,加热反应一段时间后,至冰箱冷却结晶,过滤除去固体,浓缩滤液得到无定形固体,用无水乙醇洗涤该固体,真空干燥得到丁酸小檗碱;
(2) 将盐酸小檗碱分别和己酸钠,辛酸钠,癸酸钠按一定物质量比混合,溶解在水中,加热反应一段时间,用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相在冰箱中结晶,倾析除去乙酸乙酯,真空干燥残余物,分别得到己酸小檗碱,辛酸小檗碱,癸酸小檗碱。
3.根据权利2 所述的小檗碱中短链脂肪酸盐的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(1)(2)中的投料比为:盐酸小檗碱与丁酸钠,或己酸钠,或辛酸钠,或癸酸钠的物质量比为1 :1 - 1 : 2;以水为溶剂,用量为:20 mL;反应温度为:60oC-80oC;反应时间为1 h - 2 h;乙醇用量为:每克盐酸小檗碱需乙醇20 mL - 40mL;乙酸乙酯用量为:每克盐酸小檗碱需乙酸乙酯20 mL - 40 mL。
4.权利要求1所述的四种小檗碱中短链脂肪酸盐对B16-F10、A549、HepG2等癌细胞具有较好的抑制活性,在癌症治疗领域有潜在的良好的应用前景。
5.根据权利要求4 的应用,其特征在于,所述的肿瘤选自肝癌,肺癌,乳腺癌,皮肤癌,前列腺癌,胃癌等。
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