CN116171819A - Method for intercropping karst macadimia nut woods into leguminous plants - Google Patents
Method for intercropping karst macadimia nut woods into leguminous plants Download PDFInfo
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- CN116171819A CN116171819A CN202310269173.2A CN202310269173A CN116171819A CN 116171819 A CN116171819 A CN 116171819A CN 202310269173 A CN202310269173 A CN 202310269173A CN 116171819 A CN116171819 A CN 116171819A
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- leguminous plants
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- montmorillonite
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000024346 drought recovery Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000024121 nodulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 160
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 150000004804 polysaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 49
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- YJPIGAIKUZMOQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Melatonin Natural products COC1=CC=C2N(C(C)=O)C=C(CCN)C2=C1 YJPIGAIKUZMOQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- DRLFMBDRBRZALE-UHFFFAOYSA-N melatonin Chemical compound COC1=CC=C2NC=C(CCNC(C)=O)C2=C1 DRLFMBDRBRZALE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 229960003987 melatonin Drugs 0.000 claims description 45
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 34
- OORIKNJWZHTXDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCC(CC)C(CC)(C(=O)OCC)N Chemical compound CCCC(CC)C(CC)(C(=O)OCC)N OORIKNJWZHTXDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N (S,S)-paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000005985 Paclobutrazol Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000018330 Macadamia integrifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 240000000912 Macadamia tetraphylla Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000003800 Macadamia tetraphylla Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000589180 Rhizobium Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000208467 Macadamia Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
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- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
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- WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malondialdehyde Chemical compound O=CCC=O WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 102000003992 Peroxidases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[K] Chemical compound [P].[K] RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group, wherein Cn means a carbon skeleton not containing a ring; Thio analogues thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for intercropping karst macadimia nut woods into leguminous plants, which comprises the following steps: (1) Australian nut orchard pretreatment; (2) sowing and sowing fertilizer management; (3) seedling stage management; (4) picking and post-picking treatment. When the leguminous plants are sown, root-promoting fertilizer for increasing drought resistance and waterlogging resistance of the leguminous plants and promoting nodulation of the leguminous plants is applied, so that the crop yield can be ensured, and the economic benefit is high; the main components of the drought tolerance enhancer and the waterlogging tolerance enhancer are montmorillonite, the volume of the montmorillonite can be expanded by a plurality of times after water is added, the volume of the montmorillonite is contracted after the montmorillonite is dehydrated by heating, the functions of retaining water, resisting drought and loosening soil and increasing the air permeability of the soil are achieved, the functions of increasing the drought tolerance and the waterlogging tolerance of leguminous plants are achieved, and the montmorillonite has strong adsorption capacity and can play roles of slowly releasing drought resistant active substances and waterlogging resistant active substances, so that the leguminous plants can continuously resist drought and waterlogging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for intercropping karst macadimia nut woods into leguminous plants.
Background
The karst landform area is a quite fragile area of the ecological environment, in Guangxi, the area of the karst landform area reaches 12 ten thousand square kilometers, the karst landform area accounts for about 60% of the total area of the whole area of the country, and 45 karst counties with karst areas being 30% larger than the area of the land are one of areas with wide karst distribution and typical development in China. The Guangxi full-area stony desertification land is about 192.6 ten thousand hectares, and accounts for 23.1% of the karst area. 51% of the land is stony desertification and potential stony desertification land, the mountain is high (the altitude is about 1000 meters), and the mountain peaks are clustered and continuous. The stone mountains are round depressions and are embedded in the group peaks. The round depressions are of a large and small size, are distributed in a honeycomb shape, and are arranged in a bead shape. Most round depressions have drought or no waterlogging, and few round depressions are dry or waterlogged. The round depression is a main farming area, the soil layer is shallow, the farming land is scattered, the field is small, and only a little soil exists in stone seams in some places, and the round depression is often a bowl and a ladle and is hung on the four walls of the round depression. The ground lacks river system, the groundwater is buried deeply, the exploitation difficulty is great, and the current utilization is little. The severe agricultural ecological environment causes frequent occurrence of natural disasters such as flooding, drought and the like in karst landform areas, so that the development of local agricultural economy and agricultural industrialization is limited to a great extent, the difficulty of stony desertification control in the areas is increased, and the implementation of modern agricultural development strategies is severely restricted.
The macadimia nut has good market prospect and good ecological benefit and economic benefit. The method for cultivating the macadimia nut in the karst landform area can drive local agricultural economy, however, the process is long, how to further promote the increase of the yield and income of farmers is a new problem to be solved, and the problem that the round depression area has drought or no waterlogging or is dry and waterlogged is urgent to develop a method for cultivating leguminous plants in the karst macadimia nut forest, which can still guarantee the crop yield under the drought or drought and waterlogged conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for intercropping leguminous plants in karst macadimia nut forests, which can still ensure the crop yield and has high economic benefit under drought or drought and waterlogging conditions.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method of karst macadamia nut woods intercropping leguminous plants comprising the steps of:
(1) Pretreatment of Australian hard orchard: weeding, deinsectization and soil preparation of the macadimia nut garden;
(2) Sowing and sowing fertilizer management: digging fertilization ditches among the macadimia nut garden rows, applying decomposed livestock manure in the fertilization ditches as a base fertilizer, and then applying root-promoting fertilizer for increasing drought resistance and waterlogging resistance of leguminous plants and promoting nodulation of the leguminous plants; finally, leguminous plants with rhizobium are selected for sowing; the root promoting fertilizer consists of 60-80 parts of alginic acid water-soluble fertilizer, 2-4 parts of medium trace element fertilizer, 3-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 40-60 parts of drought tolerance enhancer, 30-50 parts of waterlogging tolerance enhancer and 7-9 parts of nodulation promoter by weight;
the drought tolerance enhancer consists of 1000 parts of montmorillonite, 3-5 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 5-7 parts of paclobutrazol and 150-180 parts of algal polysaccharide according to parts by weight;
the waterlogging resistance enhancer consists of 1000 parts of montmorillonite, 2-4 parts of melatonin, 50-80 parts of calcium chloride and 130-150 parts of sodium chloride in parts by weight;
the nodulation promoter consists of, by weight, 10-15 parts of ammonium molybdate, 5-10 parts of manganese chloride and 15-20 parts of borax;
(3) Seedling stage management:
seedling initial management: applying a nodulation promoting fertilizer to the root of the seedling, wherein the nodulation promoting fertilizer consists of 70-90 parts of turfy soil and 50-70 parts of edible fungus residues according to parts by weight;
seedling medium-term management: spraying borax water solution with the weight percent of 0.20-0.25% on the whole plant;
seedling late management: spraying borax water solution with the weight percent of 0.30-0.35% on the whole plant;
(4) Picking and post-picking treatment: harvesting the leguminous plants which can be matured at proper time; harvesting leguminous plants which cannot be matured at proper time; and then the leguminous plants are covered on the Australian nut plates.
Further, the root promoting fertilizer in the step (2) consists of 65-80 parts by weight of an alginic acid water-soluble fertilizer, 3-4 parts by weight of a medium trace element fertilizer, 4-5 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate, 45-60 parts by weight of a drought tolerance enhancer, 35-50 parts by weight of a waterlogging tolerance enhancer and 8-9 parts by weight of a nodulation accelerator.
Further, the drought tolerance enhancer in the step (2) consists of 1000 parts of montmorillonite, 4-5 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 6-7 parts of paclobutrazol and 160-180 parts of algal polysaccharide according to parts by weight.
Further, the preparation method of the drought tolerance enhancer in the step (2) comprises the following steps: 1) Weighing the components composing the drought resistance enhancer according to the proportion; 2) Dividing seaweed polysaccharide into two equal parts, mixing one part of seaweed polysaccharide with diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and paclobutrazol, adding water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution; 3) Adding montmorillonite into the mixed solution, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain a mixture; 4) And uniformly mixing the other part of algal polysaccharide with water to obtain algal polysaccharide liquid, uniformly spraying the algal polysaccharide liquid on the outer surface of the mixture, and drying to obtain the drought tolerance enhancer.
Further, the waterlogging resistance enhancer in the step (2) consists of 1000 parts of montmorillonite, 3-4 parts of melatonin, 60-80 parts of calcium chloride and 140-150 parts of sodium chloride in parts by weight.
Further, the preparation method of the waterlogging resistance enhancer in the step (2) comprises the following steps: 1) Weighing the components composing the waterlogging resistance enhancer according to the proportion; 2) Mixing sodium chloride, calcium chloride and melatonin in water to obtain melatonin mixed solution; 3) And adding the melatonin mixed solution into the montmorillonite, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain the waterlogging resistance enhancer.
Further, the nodulation promoter in the step (2) consists of 12-15 parts by weight of ammonium molybdate, 7-10 parts by weight of manganese chloride and 18-20 parts by weight of borax.
Further, the nodulation promoting fertilizer in the step (3) consists of 80-90 parts by weight of turfy soil and 60-70 parts by weight of edible fungus residues.
Further, when the leguminous plant is peanut or soybean, the method further comprises flowering phase management, wherein the method for flowering phase management comprises the following steps: during the flowering period, applying stress-resistant midwifery fertilizer to the root of the plant, and then watering; the stress-resistant midwifery fertilizer consists of 30-40 parts by weight of magnesium humate, 50-60 parts by weight of zinc humate and 300 parts by weight of montmorillonite.
Further, when the leguminous plant is peanut or soybean, the method further comprises pod stage management, wherein the pod stage management method comprises the following steps: in the pod bearing period, 500-600 kg of biogas slurry is applied to each mu, and 22-25 kg of monopotassium phosphate is applied to each mu for topdressing.
The invention relates to a method for intercropping leguminous plants in karst macadimia nut woods, which aims at the problems of drought or waterlogging or drought and waterlogging in round depressions, and applies root-promoting fertilizer for increasing drought tolerance and waterlogging tolerance of the leguminous plants and promoting nodulation of the leguminous plants during sowing of the leguminous plants, so that the crop yield can be ensured, and the economic benefit is high; the main components of the drought-tolerance enhancer and the waterlogging-tolerance enhancer are montmorillonite, the volume of the montmorillonite can be expanded by a plurality of times after water is added to form paste, the volume of the montmorillonite is contracted after the montmorillonite is dehydrated by heating, the functions of water retention, drought resistance and soil loosening and soil air permeability increasing are achieved, the montmorillonite plays a great role in increasing the drought tolerance and the waterlogging tolerance of leguminous plants, and the montmorillonite has a very strong adsorption capacity and can play a role in slowly releasing drought-resistant active substances and waterlogging-resistant active substances, so that leguminous plants can continuously resist drought and waterlogging and the yield of the leguminous plants is practically increased.
According to the method for intercropping leguminous plants in karst macadimia nut woods, montmorillonite in a drought tolerance enhancer plays a role in slowly releasing diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and paclobutrazol, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate can improve the activities of plant peroxidase and nitrate reductase, improve the chlorophyll content, accelerate the photosynthetic speed, promote the division and elongation of plant cells, promote the development of root systems and regulate the balance of nutrients in a body; paclobutrazol is used as a plant growth regulator, and has the effects of delaying plant growth, inhibiting stem elongation, shortening internode, promoting plant tillering, increasing plant stress resistance, improving yield and the like; the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and the paclobutrazol are organically combined together, so that the drought tolerance of leguminous plants can be effectively improved.
According to the method for intercropping leguminous plants in the karst macadimia nut woodland, the montmorillonite in the waterlogging resistance enhancer plays a role in slowly releasing melatonin, and the melatonin has a certain role in enhancing the waterlogging resistance of the leguminous plants, but the waterlogging resistance enhancement effect is not obvious; compared with the change of the waterlogging resistance of melatonin when the melatonin is dissolved in saline and ethanol, and the continuous experimental research, the melatonin, the calcium chloride and the sodium chloride are organically combined together, so that the antioxidant enzyme activity of leguminous plants can be effectively improved, the malondialdehyde accumulation can be reduced, the waterlogging resistance enhancing effect of the leguminous plants is obviously better than that of the leguminous plants only added with the melatonin, and the waterlogging resistance of the leguminous plants can be effectively improved; the nodulation promoter in the root fertilizer can effectively supplement substances such as molybdenum, manganese, boron and the like, can effectively promote root hairs of leguminous plants to secrete more organic matters, and can promote root nodulation of the leguminous plants, so that the yield and income of the leguminous plants are effectively promoted.
The method for intercropping the leguminous plants in the karst macadamia nut woods is characterized in that the seedling stage is the key of root nodule of the leguminous plants, nodule promoting fertilizer is applied to the root of the seedlings at the initial stage of the seedlings, turfy soil and edible fungus residues in the nodule promoting fertilizer can effectively optimize the root system environment of the seedlings, promote the root hairs of the leguminous plants to secrete more organic matters to attract and gather rhizobium to the periphery of the root hairs, and are beneficial to mass propagation of the rhizobium, promote the root nodule of the leguminous plants, and the method can also effectively promote the root hairs of the leguminous plants to secrete more organic matters while supplementing boron elements by spraying borax aqueous solutions with different concentrations at the middle stage and the late stage of the seedlings, so that the root nodule of the leguminous plants is promoted, and the yield and income of the leguminous plants are effectively promoted.
The method for intercropping the leguminous plants in the karst macadamia nut woods is also limited, and the preparation method of the drought tolerance enhancer is also limited, so that algal polysaccharides play roles in coating, slow-releasing diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and paclobutrazol, further promote the continuous drought resistance of the leguminous plants, and practically ensure the yield of the leguminous plants; during the flowering period, a stress-resistant midwifery fertilizer is applied to the root of the plant, so that drought resistance and waterlogging resistance of the leguminous plant can be improved, and the yield of the leguminous plant is ensured; in the pod bearing period, shi Zhaoye is firstly applied, then monopotassium phosphate is applied, and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is supplemented, so that the yield increase of leguminous plants can be further promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a karst macadamia nut woodland leguminous plant of the present invention;
figure 2 is a second picture of a karst macadamia woodland leguminous plant of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in a more complete understanding of the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
The invention relates to a method for intercropping karst macadamia nuts in leguminous plants, which is mainly aimed at soybeans and peanuts in Chongzhou county in the test area of the method, but other leguminous plants can be used, and the protection scope of the invention is not limited by the method.
In the method for intercropping leguminous plants in karst macadimia nut woods, the initial seedling stage, the middle seedling stage and the late seedling stage are counted in time, for example, 21 days are counted in the seedling stage, the first 7 days are counted in the initial seedling stage, the middle 7 days are counted in the middle seedling stage, and the later 7 days are counted in the late seedling stage.
The invention relates to a method for intercropping karst macadimia nut woods into leguminous plants, which is characterized in that an alginic acid water-soluble fertilizer used in the following examples is directly purchased; the used medium trace element fertilizer is purchased and can supplement medium trace elements such as silicon, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc, boron, iron and the like for crops.
Example 1
A method of karst macadamia nut woods intercropping leguminous plants comprising the steps of:
(1) Pretreatment of Australian hard orchard: weeding, deinsectization and soil preparation of the macadimia nut garden;
(2) Sowing and sowing fertilizer management: digging fertilization ditches among the macadimia nut garden rows, applying 1500 kg/mu of decomposed livestock manure in the fertilization ditches as a base fertilizer, and then applying 200 kg/mu of root-promoting fertilizer for increasing drought tolerance and waterlogging tolerance of leguminous plants and promoting nodulation of the leguminous plants; finally, leguminous plants with rhizobium are selected for sowing; the root promoting fertilizer consists of 60 parts of alginic acid water-soluble fertilizer, 2 parts of medium and trace element fertilizer, 3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 40 parts of drought resistance enhancer, 30 parts of waterlogging resistance enhancer and 7 parts of nodulation promoter; the leguminous plant is peanut, and the peanut variety is mountain flower No. 9; the planting density is as follows: 1.2 thousand holes/mu;
the drought tolerance enhancer consists of 1000 parts of montmorillonite, 3 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 5 parts of paclobutrazol and 150 parts of algal polysaccharide according to parts by weight; the preparation method of the drought tolerance enhancer comprises the following steps: 1) Weighing the components composing the drought resistance enhancer according to the proportion; 2) Dividing seaweed polysaccharide into two equal parts, mixing one part of seaweed polysaccharide with diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and paclobutrazol, adding water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution; 3) Adding montmorillonite into the mixed solution, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain a mixture; 4) Uniformly mixing the other part of algal polysaccharide with water to obtain algal polysaccharide liquid, uniformly spraying the algal polysaccharide liquid on the outer surface of the mixture, and drying to obtain the drought tolerance enhancer;
the waterlogging resistance enhancer consists of 1000 parts of montmorillonite, 2 parts of melatonin, 50 parts of calcium chloride and 130 parts of sodium chloride in parts by weight; the preparation method of the waterlogging resistance enhancer comprises the following steps: 1) Weighing the components composing the waterlogging resistance enhancer according to the proportion; 2) Mixing sodium chloride, calcium chloride and melatonin in water to obtain melatonin mixed solution; 3) Adding melatonin mixed solution into montmorillonite, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain the waterlogging resistance enhancer;
the nodulation promoter consists of 10 parts of ammonium molybdate, 5 parts of manganese chloride and 15 parts of borax in parts by weight;
(3) Seedling stage management:
seedling initial management: applying a nodulation promoting fertilizer of 800 kg/mu to the root of the seedling, wherein the nodulation promoting fertilizer consists of 70 parts of turfy soil and 50 parts of edible fungus residues according to parts by weight;
seedling medium-term management: spraying borax water solution with the weight percent of 0.20 percent on the whole plant until the plant is completely wet;
seedling late management: spraying borax water solution with the weight percent of 0.30 percent on the whole plant until the plant is completely wet;
(4) Flowering phase management: in the flowering period, applying a stress-resistant midwifery fertilizer of 150 kg/mu to the roots of the plants, and watering thoroughly; the stress-resistant midwifery fertilizer consists of 30 parts of magnesium humate, 50 parts of zinc humate and 300 parts of montmorillonite according to parts by weight;
(5) Pod stage management: the pod bearing period management method comprises the following steps: in the pod bearing period, 500 kg of biogas slurry is applied to each mu, and 22 kg of monopotassium phosphate is applied to each mu for topdressing;
(6) Picking and post-picking treatment: harvesting at proper time; and (5) harvesting peanut fruits, and covering peanut stalks on the Australian nut plates.
Example 2
A method of karst macadamia nut woods intercropping leguminous plants comprising the steps of:
(1) Pretreatment of Australian hard orchard: weeding, deinsectization and soil preparation of the macadimia nut garden;
(2) Sowing and sowing fertilizer management: digging fertilization ditches among the macadimia nut garden rows, applying 1500 kg/mu of decomposed livestock manure in the fertilization ditches as a base fertilizer, and then applying 200 kg/mu of root-promoting fertilizer for increasing drought tolerance and waterlogging tolerance of leguminous plants and promoting nodulation of the leguminous plants; finally, leguminous plants with rhizobium are selected for sowing; the root promoting fertilizer consists of 80 parts of alginic acid water-soluble fertilizer, 4 parts of medium and trace element fertilizer, 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 60 parts of drought resistance enhancer, 50 parts of waterlogging resistance enhancer and 9 parts of nodulation promoter; the leguminous plant is soybean, and the soybean variety is Keshan No. 1; the planting density is as follows: 35000 plants/mu;
the drought tolerance enhancer consists of 1000 parts of montmorillonite, 5 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 7 parts of paclobutrazol and 180 parts of algal polysaccharide according to parts by weight; the preparation method of the drought tolerance enhancer comprises the following steps: 1) Weighing the components composing the drought resistance enhancer according to the proportion; 2) Dividing seaweed polysaccharide into two equal parts, mixing one part of seaweed polysaccharide with diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and paclobutrazol, adding water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution; 3) Adding montmorillonite into the mixed solution, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain a mixture; 4) Uniformly mixing the other part of algal polysaccharide with water to obtain algal polysaccharide liquid, uniformly spraying the algal polysaccharide liquid on the outer surface of the mixture, and drying to obtain the drought tolerance enhancer;
the waterlogging resistance enhancer consists of 1000 parts of montmorillonite, 4 parts of melatonin, 80 parts of calcium chloride and 150 parts of sodium chloride in parts by weight; the preparation method of the waterlogging resistance enhancer comprises the following steps: 1) Weighing the components composing the waterlogging resistance enhancer according to the proportion; 2) Mixing sodium chloride, calcium chloride and melatonin in water to obtain melatonin mixed solution; 3) Adding melatonin mixed solution into montmorillonite, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain the waterlogging resistance enhancer;
the nodulation promoter consists of 15 parts of ammonium molybdate, 10 parts of manganese chloride and 20 parts of borax in parts by weight;
(3) Seedling stage management:
seedling initial management: applying a nodulation promoting fertilizer of 800 kg/mu to the root of the seedling, wherein the nodulation promoting fertilizer consists of 90 parts of turfy soil and 70 parts of edible fungus residues according to parts by weight;
seedling medium-term management: spraying borax water solution with the weight percent of 0.25 percent on the whole plant until the plant is completely wet;
seedling late management: spraying borax water solution with the weight percent of 0.35 percent on the whole plant until the plant is completely wet;
(4) Flowering phase management: in the flowering period, applying a stress-resistant midwifery fertilizer of 150 kg/mu to the roots of the plants, and watering thoroughly; the stress-resistant midwifery fertilizer consists of 40 parts of magnesium humate, 60 parts of zinc humate and 300 parts of montmorillonite according to parts by weight;
(5) Pod stage management: the pod bearing period management method comprises the following steps: in the pod bearing period, 600 kg of biogas slurry is applied to each mu, and 25 kg of monopotassium phosphate is applied to each mu for topdressing;
(6) Picking and post-picking treatment: harvesting at proper time; and (5) collecting soybean fruits, and covering soybean stalks on the Australian nut plates.
Example 3
A method of karst macadamia nut woods intercropping leguminous plants comprising the steps of:
(1) Pretreatment of Australian hard orchard: weeding, deinsectization and soil preparation of the macadimia nut garden;
(2) Sowing and sowing fertilizer management: digging fertilization ditches among the macadimia nut garden rows, applying 1500 kg/mu of decomposed livestock manure in the fertilization ditches as a base fertilizer, and then applying 200 kg/mu of root-promoting fertilizer for increasing drought tolerance and waterlogging tolerance of leguminous plants and promoting nodulation of the leguminous plants; finally, leguminous plants with rhizobium are selected for sowing; the root promoting fertilizer consists of 65 parts of alginic acid water-soluble fertilizer, 3 parts of medium and trace element fertilizer, 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 45 parts of drought resistance enhancer, 35 parts of waterlogging resistance enhancer and 8 parts of nodulation promoter; the leguminous plant is soybean, and the soybean variety is Keshan No. 1; the planting density is 35000 plants/mu;
the drought tolerance enhancer consists of 1000 parts of montmorillonite, 4 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 6 parts of paclobutrazol and 160 parts of algal polysaccharide according to parts by weight; the preparation method of the drought tolerance enhancer comprises the following steps: 1) Weighing the components composing the drought resistance enhancer according to the proportion; 2) Dividing seaweed polysaccharide into two equal parts, mixing one part of seaweed polysaccharide with diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and paclobutrazol, adding water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution; 3) Adding montmorillonite into the mixed solution, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain a mixture; 4) Uniformly mixing the other part of algal polysaccharide with water to obtain algal polysaccharide liquid, uniformly spraying the algal polysaccharide liquid on the outer surface of the mixture, and drying to obtain the drought tolerance enhancer;
the waterlogging resistance enhancer consists of 1000 parts of montmorillonite, 3 parts of melatonin, 60 parts of calcium chloride and 140 parts of sodium chloride in parts by weight; the preparation method of the waterlogging resistance enhancer comprises the following steps: 1) Weighing the components composing the waterlogging resistance enhancer according to the proportion; 2) Mixing sodium chloride, calcium chloride and melatonin in water to obtain melatonin mixed solution; 3) Adding melatonin mixed solution into montmorillonite, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain the waterlogging resistance enhancer;
the nodulation promoter consists of 12 parts of ammonium molybdate, 7 parts of manganese chloride and 18 parts of borax in parts by weight;
(3) Seedling stage management:
seedling initial management: applying a nodulation promoting fertilizer of 800 kg/mu to the root of the seedling, wherein the nodulation promoting fertilizer consists of 80 parts of turfy soil and 60 parts of edible fungus residues according to parts by weight;
seedling medium-term management: spraying borax water solution with the weight percent of 0.22 percent on the whole plant until the plant is completely wet;
seedling late management: spraying borax water solution with the weight percent of 0.32 percent on the whole plant until the plant is completely wet;
(4) Flowering phase management: in the flowering period, applying a stress-resistant midwifery fertilizer of 150 kg/mu to the roots of the plants, and watering thoroughly; the stress-resistant midwifery fertilizer consists of 35 parts of magnesium humate, 55 parts of zinc humate and 300 parts of montmorillonite according to parts by weight;
(5) Pod stage management: the pod bearing period management method comprises the following steps: in the pod bearing period, 550 kg of biogas slurry is applied to each mu, and 24 kg of monopotassium phosphate is applied to each mu for topdressing;
(6) Picking and post-picking treatment: harvesting at proper time; and (5) collecting soybean fruits, and covering soybean stalks on the Australian nut plates.
Example 4
Compared with example 3, the preparation method of the drought resistance enhancer is different, and other experimental conditions are the same as those of example 3; the preparation method of the drought tolerance enhancer in the example 4 comprises the following steps: the components composing the drought tolerance enhancer are directly and evenly mixed.
Example 5
A method of karst macadamia nut woods intercropping leguminous plants comprising the steps of:
(1) Pretreatment of Australian hard orchard: weeding, deinsectization and soil preparation of the macadimia nut garden;
(2) Sowing and sowing fertilizer management: digging fertilization ditches among the macadimia nut garden rows, applying 1500 kg/mu of decomposed livestock manure in the fertilization ditches as a base fertilizer, and then applying 200 kg/mu of root-promoting fertilizer for increasing drought tolerance and waterlogging tolerance of leguminous plants and promoting nodulation of the leguminous plants; finally, leguminous plants with rhizobium are selected for sowing; the root promoting fertilizer consists of 65 parts of alginic acid water-soluble fertilizer, 3 parts of medium and trace element fertilizer, 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 45 parts of drought resistance enhancer, 35 parts of waterlogging resistance enhancer and 8 parts of nodulation promoter; the leguminous plant is soybean, and the soybean variety is Keshan No. 1; the planting density is 35000 plants/mu;
the drought tolerance enhancer consists of 1000 parts of montmorillonite, 4 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 6 parts of paclobutrazol and 160 parts of algal polysaccharide according to parts by weight; the preparation method of the drought tolerance enhancer comprises the following steps: 1) Weighing the components composing the drought resistance enhancer according to the proportion; 2) Dividing seaweed polysaccharide into two equal parts, mixing one part of seaweed polysaccharide with diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and paclobutrazol, adding water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution; 3) Adding montmorillonite into the mixed solution, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain a mixture; 4) Uniformly mixing the other part of algal polysaccharide with water to obtain algal polysaccharide liquid, uniformly spraying the algal polysaccharide liquid on the outer surface of the mixture, and drying to obtain the drought tolerance enhancer;
the waterlogging resistance enhancer consists of 1000 parts of montmorillonite, 3 parts of melatonin, 60 parts of calcium chloride and 140 parts of sodium chloride in parts by weight; the preparation method of the waterlogging resistance enhancer comprises the following steps: 1) Weighing the components composing the waterlogging resistance enhancer according to the proportion; 2) Mixing sodium chloride, calcium chloride and melatonin in water to obtain melatonin mixed solution; 3) Adding melatonin mixed solution into montmorillonite, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain the waterlogging resistance enhancer;
the nodulation promoter consists of 12 parts of ammonium molybdate, 7 parts of manganese chloride and 18 parts of borax in parts by weight;
(3) Seedling stage management:
seedling initial management: applying a nodulation promoting fertilizer of 800 kg/mu to the root of the seedling, wherein the nodulation promoting fertilizer consists of 80 parts of turfy soil and 60 parts of edible fungus residues according to parts by weight;
seedling medium-term management: spraying borax water solution with the weight percent of 0.22 percent on the whole plant until the plant is completely wet;
seedling late management: spraying borax water solution with the weight percent of 0.32 percent on the whole plant until the plant is completely wet;
(4) Picking and post-picking treatment: harvesting at proper time; and (5) collecting soybean fruits, and covering soybean stalks on the Australian nut plates.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the example 3, only the composition proportion and the preparation method of the root promoting fertilizer are changed; other experimental conditions were the same as in example 3; in comparative example 1, the root promoting fertilizer was prepared by: 1) Firstly, weighing the components forming the root promoting fertilizer according to the following proportion; the root promoting fertilizer consists of 65 parts of alginic acid water-soluble fertilizer, 3 parts of medium trace element fertilizer, 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 45 parts of drought resistance enhancer, 35 parts of waterlogging resistance enhancer and 8 parts of nodulation promoter; the drought tolerance enhancer consists of 1000 parts of montmorillonite, 4 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 6 parts of paclobutrazol and 160 parts of algal polysaccharide according to parts by weight; the waterlogging resistance enhancer consists of 1000 parts of montmorillonite, 3 parts of melatonin, 60 parts of calcium chloride and 140 parts of sodium chloride in parts by weight; 2) Taking out the montmorillonite in the drought tolerance enhancer and the waterlogging tolerance enhancer respectively, and mixing the rest components except the montmorillonite together, and uniformly mixing.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the example 3, only the composition proportion and the preparation method of the root promoting fertilizer are changed; other experimental conditions were the same as in example 3; in comparative example 2, the root promoting fertilizer was prepared by: 1) Firstly, weighing the components forming the root promoting fertilizer according to the following proportion; the root promoting fertilizer consists of 65 parts of alginic acid water-soluble fertilizer, 3 parts of medium trace element fertilizer, 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 45 parts of drought resistance enhancer, 35 parts of waterlogging resistance enhancer and 8 parts of nodulation promoter; the drought tolerance enhancer consists of 1000 parts of montmorillonite, 4 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 6 parts of paclobutrazol and 160 parts of algal polysaccharide according to parts by weight; the waterlogging resistance enhancer consists of 1000 parts of montmorillonite, 3 parts of melatonin, 60 parts of calcium chloride and 140 parts of sodium chloride in parts by weight; 2) Taking out the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate in the drought tolerance enhancer, and mixing the rest components except the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate together, and uniformly mixing.
Comparative example 3
Compared with the example 3, only the composition proportion and the preparation method of the root promoting fertilizer are changed; other experimental conditions were the same as in example 3; in comparative example 3, the root promoting fertilizer was prepared by: 1) Firstly, weighing the components forming the root promoting fertilizer according to the following proportion; the root promoting fertilizer consists of 65 parts of alginic acid water-soluble fertilizer, 3 parts of medium trace element fertilizer, 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 45 parts of drought resistance enhancer, 35 parts of waterlogging resistance enhancer and 8 parts of nodulation promoter; the drought tolerance enhancer consists of 1000 parts of montmorillonite, 4 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 6 parts of paclobutrazol and 160 parts of algal polysaccharide according to parts by weight; the waterlogging resistance enhancer consists of 1000 parts of montmorillonite, 3 parts of melatonin, 60 parts of calcium chloride and 140 parts of sodium chloride in parts by weight; 2) Taking out the calcium chloride and sodium chloride in the waterlogging resistance enhancer, and mixing the rest components except the calcium chloride and the sodium chloride together, and uniformly mixing.
Comparative example 4
Compared with the embodiment 3, only the composition proportion of the root promoting fertilizer is changed; other experimental conditions were the same as in example 3; in comparative example 4, the root promoting fertilizer consists of 65 parts of alginic acid water-soluble fertilizer, 3 parts of medium trace element fertilizer, 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 45 parts of drought tolerance enhancer and 35 parts of waterlogging tolerance enhancer.
Comparative example 5
Compared with the embodiment 3, only the composition proportion of the root promoting fertilizer is changed; other experimental conditions were the same as in example 3; in comparative example 5, the root promoting fertilizer was an aqueous alginic acid fertilizer.
Comparative example 6
A method of karst macadamia nut woods intercropping leguminous plants comprising the steps of:
(1) Pretreatment of Australian hard orchard: weeding, deinsectization and soil preparation of the macadimia nut garden;
(2) Sowing and sowing fertilizer management: digging fertilization ditches among the macadimia nut garden rows, applying 1500 kg/mu of decomposed livestock manure in the fertilization ditches as a base fertilizer, and then applying 200 kg/mu of root-promoting fertilizer for increasing drought tolerance and waterlogging tolerance of leguminous plants and promoting nodulation of the leguminous plants; finally, leguminous plants with rhizobium are selected for sowing; the root promoting fertilizer consists of 65 parts of alginic acid water-soluble fertilizer, 3 parts of medium and trace element fertilizer, 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 45 parts of drought resistance enhancer, 35 parts of waterlogging resistance enhancer and 8 parts of nodulation promoter; the leguminous plant is soybean, and the soybean variety is Keshan No. 1; the planting density is 35000 plants/mu;
the drought tolerance enhancer consists of 1000 parts of montmorillonite, 4 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 6 parts of paclobutrazol and 160 parts of algal polysaccharide according to parts by weight; the preparation method of the drought tolerance enhancer comprises the following steps: 1) Weighing the components composing the drought resistance enhancer according to the proportion; 2) Dividing seaweed polysaccharide into two equal parts, mixing one part of seaweed polysaccharide with diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and paclobutrazol, adding water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution; 3) Adding montmorillonite into the mixed solution, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain a mixture; 4) Uniformly mixing the other part of algal polysaccharide with water to obtain algal polysaccharide liquid, uniformly spraying the algal polysaccharide liquid on the outer surface of the mixture, and drying to obtain the drought tolerance enhancer;
the waterlogging resistance enhancer consists of 1000 parts of montmorillonite, 3 parts of melatonin, 60 parts of calcium chloride and 140 parts of sodium chloride in parts by weight; the preparation method of the waterlogging resistance enhancer comprises the following steps: 1) Weighing the components composing the waterlogging resistance enhancer according to the proportion; 2) Mixing sodium chloride, calcium chloride and melatonin in water to obtain melatonin mixed solution; 3) Adding melatonin mixed solution into montmorillonite, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain the waterlogging resistance enhancer;
the nodulation promoter consists of 12 parts of ammonium molybdate, 7 parts of manganese chloride and 18 parts of borax in parts by weight;
(3) Flowering phase management: in the flowering period, applying a stress-resistant midwifery fertilizer of 150 kg/mu to the roots of the plants, and watering thoroughly; the stress-resistant midwifery fertilizer consists of 35 parts of magnesium humate, 55 parts of zinc humate and 300 parts of montmorillonite according to parts by weight;
(4) Pod stage management: the pod bearing period management method comprises the following steps: in the pod bearing period, 550 kg of biogas slurry is applied to each mu, and 24 kg of monopotassium phosphate is applied to each mu for topdressing;
(5) Picking and post-picking treatment: harvesting at proper time; and (5) collecting soybean fruits, and covering soybean stalks on the Australian nut plates.
Table 1 below shows the statistics of the planting conditions of macadamia woods of examples 2-5 and comparative examples 1-6.
TABLE 1
As shown by the statistical results in the table 1, the method for intercropping the karst macadimia nut woods to the leguminous plants can ensure the crop yield and high economic benefit by applying the root-promoting fertilizer for increasing the drought tolerance and waterlogging tolerance of the leguminous plants and promoting the nodulation of the leguminous plants during sowing the leguminous plants; the main components of the drought tolerance enhancer and the waterlogging tolerance enhancer are montmorillonite, the volume of the montmorillonite can be expanded by a plurality of times after water is added to form paste, the volume of the montmorillonite is contracted after the montmorillonite is dehydrated by heating, the functions of water retention, drought resistance and soil loosening and soil air permeability increasing are achieved, the montmorillonite plays a great role in increasing the drought tolerance and the waterlogging tolerance of leguminous plants, and the montmorillonite has a very strong adsorption capacity and can play a role in slowly releasing drought resistant active substances and waterlogging resistant active substances, so that leguminous plants can continuously resist drought and waterlogging and the yield of the leguminous plants is practically increased; the montmorillonite in the drought tolerance enhancer plays a role in slowly releasing diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and paclobutrazol, the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate can improve the activities of plant peroxidase and nitrate reductase, improve the content of chlorophyll, accelerate the photosynthetic speed, promote the division and elongation of plant cells, promote the development of root systems and regulate the balance of nutrients in the body; paclobutrazol is used as a plant growth regulator, and has the effects of delaying plant growth, inhibiting stem elongation, shortening internode, promoting plant tillering, increasing plant stress resistance, improving yield and the like; the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and the paclobutrazol are organically combined together, so that the drought tolerance of leguminous plants can be effectively improved; montmorillonite in the waterlogging resistance enhancer plays a role in slowly releasing melatonin, and the melatonin has a certain role in enhancing waterlogging resistance of leguminous plants, but the waterlogging resistance enhancement effect is not obvious; compared with the change of the waterlogging resistance of melatonin when the melatonin is dissolved in saline and ethanol, and the continuous experimental research, the melatonin, the calcium chloride and the sodium chloride are organically combined together, so that the antioxidant enzyme activity of leguminous plants can be effectively improved, the malondialdehyde accumulation can be reduced, the waterlogging resistance enhancing effect of the leguminous plants is obviously better than that of the leguminous plants only added with the melatonin, and the waterlogging resistance of the leguminous plants can be effectively improved; the nodulation promoter in the root fertilizer can effectively supplement substances such as molybdenum, manganese, boron and the like, can effectively promote root hairs of leguminous plants to secrete more organic matters, and can promote root nodulation of the leguminous plants, so that the yield and income of the leguminous plants are effectively promoted; the seedling stage is the key of root nodule of the leguminous plant, the nodule promoting fertilizer is applied to the root of the seedling at the initial stage of the seedling, the turfy soil and the edible fungus residues in the nodule promoting fertilizer can effectively optimize the root system environment of the seedling, promote the root hairs of the leguminous plant to secrete more organic matters to attract and gather rhizobium to the periphery of the root hairs, be beneficial to mass propagation of the rhizobium, promote the root nodule of the leguminous plant, respectively spray borax water solutions with different concentrations at the middle stage and the late stage of the seedling, supplement boron elements, and simultaneously effectively promote the root hairs of the leguminous plant to secrete more organic matters, promote the root nodule of the leguminous plant, thereby effectively promoting the yield and income of the leguminous plant; the preparation method of the drought tolerance enhancer is also limited, seaweed polysaccharide plays a role in coating and slowly releasing diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and paclobutrazol, so that the continuous drought resistance of leguminous plants is further promoted, and the yield of the leguminous plants is practically ensured; during the flowering period, a stress-resistant midwifery fertilizer is applied to the root of the plant, so that drought resistance and waterlogging resistance of the leguminous plant can be improved, and the yield of the leguminous plant is ensured; in the pod bearing period, shi Zhaoye is firstly applied, then monopotassium phosphate is applied, and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is supplemented, so that the yield increase of leguminous plants can be further promoted.
While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing general description and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto. Accordingly, such modifications or improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A method of karst macadamia nut woods intercropping leguminous plants, comprising the steps of:
(1) Pretreatment of Australian hard orchard: weeding, deinsectization and soil preparation of the macadimia nut garden;
(2) Sowing and sowing fertilizer management: digging fertilization ditches among the macadimia nut garden rows, applying decomposed livestock manure in the fertilization ditches as a base fertilizer, and then applying root-promoting fertilizer for increasing drought resistance and waterlogging resistance of leguminous plants and promoting nodulation of the leguminous plants; finally, leguminous plants with rhizobium are selected for sowing; the root promoting fertilizer consists of 60-80 parts of alginic acid water-soluble fertilizer, 2-4 parts of medium trace element fertilizer, 3-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 40-60 parts of drought tolerance enhancer, 30-50 parts of waterlogging tolerance enhancer and 7-9 parts of nodulation promoter by weight;
the drought tolerance enhancer consists of 1000 parts of montmorillonite, 3-5 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 5-7 parts of paclobutrazol and 150-180 parts of algal polysaccharide according to parts by weight;
the waterlogging resistance enhancer consists of 1000 parts of montmorillonite, 2-4 parts of melatonin, 50-80 parts of calcium chloride and 130-150 parts of sodium chloride in parts by weight;
the nodulation promoter consists of, by weight, 10-15 parts of ammonium molybdate, 5-10 parts of manganese chloride and 15-20 parts of borax;
(3) Seedling stage management:
seedling initial management: applying a nodulation promoting fertilizer to the root of the seedling, wherein the nodulation promoting fertilizer consists of 70-90 parts of turfy soil and 50-70 parts of edible fungus residues according to parts by weight;
seedling medium-term management: spraying borax water solution with the weight percent of 0.20-0.25% on the whole plant;
seedling late management: spraying borax water solution with the weight percent of 0.30-0.35% on the whole plant;
(4) Picking and post-picking treatment: harvesting the leguminous plants which can be matured at proper time; harvesting leguminous plants which cannot be matured at proper time; and then the leguminous plants are covered on the Australian nut plates.
2. The method for growing leguminous plants in karst macadamia nut woods according to claim 1, wherein the root-promoting fertilizer in the step (2) consists of 65-80 parts by weight of an aqueous alginic acid fertilizer, 3-4 parts by weight of a medium trace element fertilizer, 4-5 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate, 45-60 parts by weight of drought tolerance enhancer, 35-50 parts by weight of waterlogging tolerance enhancer and 8-9 parts by weight of nodulation promoter.
3. The method for intercropping leguminous plants with karst macadamia nut as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drought tolerance enhancer in the step (2) consists of 1000 parts by weight of montmorillonite, 4-5 parts by weight of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 6-7 parts by weight of paclobutrazol and 160-180 parts by weight of algal polysaccharide.
4. The method of growing leguminous plants in karst macadamia forests according to claim 1, characterized in that said step (2) of preparing drought tolerance enhancers comprises: 1) Weighing the components composing the drought resistance enhancer according to the proportion; 2) Dividing seaweed polysaccharide into two equal parts, mixing one part of seaweed polysaccharide with diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and paclobutrazol, adding water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution; 3) Adding montmorillonite into the mixed solution, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain a mixture; 4) And uniformly mixing the other part of algal polysaccharide with water to obtain algal polysaccharide liquid, uniformly spraying the algal polysaccharide liquid on the outer surface of the mixture, and drying to obtain the drought tolerance enhancer.
5. The method for intercropping leguminous plants with karst macadamia nut according to claim 1, wherein the waterlogging resistance enhancer in the step (2) consists of 1000 parts by weight of montmorillonite, 3-4 parts by weight of melatonin, 60-80 parts by weight of calcium chloride and 140-150 parts by weight of sodium chloride.
6. The method of growing leguminous plants in karst macadamia nut woods according to claim 1, wherein said step (2) of preparing said water logging resistance enhancer comprises: 1) Weighing the components composing the waterlogging resistance enhancer according to the proportion; 2) Mixing sodium chloride, calcium chloride and melatonin in water to obtain melatonin mixed solution; 3) And adding the melatonin mixed solution into the montmorillonite, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain the waterlogging resistance enhancer.
7. The method for growing leguminous plants in karst macadamia nut woods according to claim 1, wherein the nodulation promoter in the step (2) consists of 12-15 parts by weight of ammonium molybdate, 7-10 parts by weight of manganese chloride and 18-20 parts by weight of borax.
8. The method for growing leguminous plants in karst macadamia nut woods according to claim 1, wherein the nodulation promoting fertilizer in the step (3) consists of 80-90 parts by weight of turfy soil and 60-70 parts by weight of edible fungus residues.
9. The method of growing leguminous plants in karst macadamia nut woods according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a flowering phase management method, when the leguminous plants are peanuts or soybeans, of: during the flowering period, applying stress-resistant midwifery fertilizer to the root of the plant, and then watering; the stress-resistant midwifery fertilizer consists of 30-40 parts by weight of magnesium humate, 50-60 parts by weight of zinc humate and 300 parts by weight of montmorillonite.
10. The method of growing leguminous plants in karst macadamia nut woods according to claim 9, characterized in that it further comprises the management of the pod bearing period, when the leguminous plants are peanuts or soybeans, by: in the pod bearing period, 500-600 kg of biogas slurry is applied to each mu, and 22-25 kg of monopotassium phosphate is applied to each mu for topdressing.
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