CN116137300A - 具有多厚度电荷薄层的雪崩光检测器 - Google Patents
具有多厚度电荷薄层的雪崩光检测器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有多厚度电荷薄层的雪崩光检测器,提供用于雪崩光检测器的结构以及形成用于雪崩光检测器的结构的方法。该结构包括具有第一部分及第二部分的第一半导体层,以及与该第一半导体层沿垂直方向堆叠的第二半导体层。该第一半导体层的该第一部分定义该雪崩光检测器的倍增区,且该第二半导体层定义该雪崩光检测器的吸收区。该结构还包括位于该第一半导体层的该第二部分中的电荷薄层。该电荷薄层具有随着在水平平面中的位置变化的厚度,且该电荷薄层在该第二半导体层与该第一半导体层的该第一部分间沿该垂直方向设置。
Description
技术领域
本揭示涉及半导体装置制造及集成电路,尤其涉及用于雪崩光检测器(avalanchephotodetector)的结构以及形成用于雪崩光检测器的结构的方法。
背景技术
雪崩光检测器(也称为雪崩光电二极管)是一种高度灵敏的半导体光检测器,其依靠光电效应将光转换为可计数的电流脉冲。通过施加低于击穿电压(breakdown voltage)的高反向偏置电压,雪崩光检测器因产生雪崩效应的碰撞电离而呈现内部电流增益效应。
需要改进的用于雪崩光检测器的结构以及形成用于雪崩光检测器的结构的方法。
发明内容
在本发明的一个实施例中,提供一种用于雪崩光检测器的结构。该结构包括具有第一部分及第二部分的第一半导体层,以及与该第一半导体层沿垂直方向堆叠的第二半导体层。该第一半导体层的该第一部分定义该雪崩光检测器的倍增区,且该第二半导体层定义该雪崩光检测器的吸收区。该结构还包括位于该第一半导体层的该第二部分中的电荷薄层(charge sheet)。该电荷薄层具有随着在水平平面中的位置变化的厚度,且该电荷薄层在该第二半导体层与该第一半导体层的该第一部分之间沿该垂直方向设置。
在本发明的一个实施例中,提供一种形成用于雪崩光检测器的结构的方法。该方法包括形成第一半导体层,该第一半导体层包括定义该雪崩光检测器的倍增区的第一部分,以及在该第一半导体层的第二部分中形成电荷薄层。该电荷薄层具有随着在水平平面中的位置变化的厚度。该方法还包括形成与该第一半导体层沿垂直方向堆叠的第二半导体层。该第二半导体层定义该雪崩光检测器的吸收区,且该电荷薄层在该第二半导体层与该第一半导体层的该第一部分之间沿该垂直方向设置。
附图说明
包含于并构成本说明书的一部分的附图示例说明本发明的各种实施例,并与上面所作的有关本发明的概括说明以及下面所作的有关该些实施例的详细说明一起用以解释本发明的该些实施例。在该些附图中,类似的附图标记表示不同视图中类似的特征。
图1显示依据本发明的实施例处于处理方法的初始制造阶段的结构的顶视图。
图2显示大体沿图1中的线2-2所作的剖视图。
图2A显示大体沿图1中的线2A-2A所作的剖视图。
图3、图3A显示处于图2、图2A之后的制造阶段的该结构的剖视图。
图4、图4A显示处于图3、图3A之后的制造阶段的该结构的剖视图。
图5、图5A显示处于图4、图4A之后的制造阶段的该结构的剖视图。
图6、图6A显示处于图5、图5A之后的制造阶段的该结构的剖视图。
图7、图7A显示处于图6、图6A之后的制造阶段的该结构的剖视图。
图8、图8A显示依据替代实施例的结构的剖视图。
图9、图9A显示依据本发明的替代实施例处于处理方法的制造阶段的结构的剖视图。
图10、图10A显示处于图9、图9A之后的制造阶段的该结构的剖视图。
图11、图11A显示处于图10、图10A之后的制造阶段的该结构的剖视图。
图12、图12A显示依据替代实施例的结构的剖视图。
图13、图13A显示依据替代实施例的结构的剖视图。
图14显示依据本发明的替代实施例的结构的顶视图。
具体实施方式
请参照图1、2、2A并依据本发明的实施例,绝缘体上半导体(semiconductor-on-insulator;SOI)衬底包括装置层12、埋置绝缘体层14、以及操作衬底16。装置层12通过中间的埋置绝缘体层14与操作衬底16隔开,且远薄于操作衬底16。装置层12可由半导体材料例如单晶硅组成,且可为本征或轻掺杂p型,以及埋置绝缘体层14可由介电材料例如二氧化硅组成。埋置绝缘体层14沿下界面与操作衬底16直接接触,埋置绝缘体层14沿上界面与装置层12直接接触,且该上下界面由埋置绝缘体层14的厚度隔开。装置层12通过埋置绝缘体层14与操作衬底16电性隔离。
可通过光刻及蚀刻工艺图案化装置层12,以定义衬垫19。衬垫19可经掺杂而具有给定的导电类型。在一个实施例中,衬垫19可通过例如离子注入掺杂(例如,重掺杂)而具有n型导电性。锥18可将波导芯(未显示)与衬垫19耦接。锥18可由单晶硅组成,或者作为替代,可由在单晶硅上的多晶硅层堆叠组成。
请参照图3、3A,其中,类似的附图标记表示图2、2A中类似的特征,且在该处理方法的下一制造阶段,衬垫19包括凹入部21,其通过光刻及蚀刻工艺在装置层12中图案化凹槽来形成。衬垫19的凸起部23设置于凹入部21的相对侧边。凸起部23(在图案化该凹槽期间由光刻形成的蚀刻掩膜掩蔽)保留在该蚀刻工艺之前的装置层12的原始厚度。凸起部23相对于凹入部21凸起(也就是,升高)。
在衬垫19的凹入部21及凸起部23上形成介电层22。介电层22可跟随衬垫19的凹入部21及凸起部23的表面轮廓。在一个实施例中,介电层22可由共形沉积的介电材料例如二氧化硅组成。
通过光刻及蚀刻工艺沉积并图案化硬掩膜24,以形成位于衬垫19的凹入部21上方的窗口26。在一个实施例中,窗口26可在凹入部21上方居中。硬掩膜24覆盖衬垫19的周边部分,包括凸起部23。硬掩膜24可由介电材料例如氮化硅组成。通过用蚀刻工艺图案化介电层22,硬掩膜24中的窗口26被转移至介电层22,以暴露具有窗口26的尺寸的凹入部21的表面区域,并自其移除介电层22。
请参照图4、4A,其中,类似的附图标记表示图3、3A中类似的特征,且在该处理方法的下一制造阶段,移除硬掩膜24,并在未被图案化介电层22覆盖的衬垫19的凹入部21的该表面区域上形成半导体层28。半导体层28可由单晶半导体材料例如单晶硅组成。在一个实施例中,半导体层28在其形成之后可为未掺杂的和本征的。可通过外延生长工艺形成半导体层28。形成半导体层28的该外延生长工艺可为选择性的,因为允许该单晶半导体材料自半导体材料(例如,凹入部21的该暴露表面区域)而不是自介电材料(例如,图案化介电层22)生长。半导体层28具有厚度t1。衬垫19的凹入部21的薄化至少部分地补偿半导体层28的厚度t1,以提升平坦性。
请参照图5、5A,其中,类似的附图标记表示图4、4A中类似的特征,且在该处理方法的下一制造阶段,在邻近半导体层28的上表面29的半导体层28中形成掺杂区30。掺杂区30可以由与水平平面中未掺杂的半导体层28的条带交替的平行的掺杂半导体材料条带构成的一维列阵列布置。在此方面,半导体层28的本征半导体材料的部分横向设置于相邻成对的掺杂区30之间。
在一个实施例中,例如,可利用注入掩膜通过选择性离子注入工艺形成掺杂区30,该注入掩膜具有布置于半导体层28的不同部分上方的开口,以接收注入离子。该注入掩膜可包括光阻层,该光阻层通过旋涂工艺施加、经预烘烤、暴露于通过光掩膜投射的光、曝光后烘烤、以及用化学显影剂显影,以定义开口。注入条件(例如,离子种类、剂量、动能)可经选择以调节掺杂区30的电性及物理特性。该注入掩膜(具有足以阻止离子的厚度)可在形成掺杂区30后被剥离。在一个实施例中,掺杂区30可接收并包含提供p型导电性的p型掺杂物(例如,硼)。
请参照图6、6A,其中,类似的附图标记表示图5、5A中类似的特征,且在该处理方法的下一制造阶段,在邻近半导体层28的上表面29的半导体层28中形成掺杂层32。在一个实施例中,例如,可利用注入掩膜通过选择性离子注入工艺形成掺杂层32,该注入掩膜具有布置于半导体层28上方的开口。该注入掩膜可包括光阻层,该光阻层通过旋涂工艺施加、经预烘烤、暴露于通过光掩膜投射的光、曝光后烘烤、以及用化学显影剂显影,以定义开口。注入条件(例如,离子种类、剂量、能量)可经选择以调节掺杂层32的电性及物理特性。该注入掩膜(具有足以阻止离子的厚度)可在形成掺杂层32后被剥离。在一个实施例中,掺杂层32可接收并包含提供p型导电性的p型掺杂物(例如硼)。在一个实施例中,掺杂区30与掺杂层32都可包含提供p型导电性的p型掺杂物(例如,硼)
掺杂层32(与掺杂区30相比以较低的能量注入)穿入半导体层28的深度范围而浅于掺杂区30的深度范围。掺杂层32与掺杂区30重叠并连接,以在半导体层28中形成复合掺杂层。包括掺杂区30及掺杂层32的该复合掺杂层提供用于雪崩光检测器中的电场控制的电荷薄层(charge sheet)。
掺杂区30定义该电荷薄层中面向衬垫19的凹入部21的波纹(corrugation)。掺杂区30(覆盖于较薄掺杂层32上)为该电荷薄层提供变化的厚度(也就是,多个厚度)。具体地说,该电荷薄层在掺杂区30的位置具有厚度t2,且在掺杂区30之间的空间中具有小于厚度t2的厚度t3。半导体层28包括位于该电荷薄层与衬垫19的凹入部21之间的本征半导体材料。半导体层28的该本征半导体材料的部分设置于相邻成对的掺杂区30之间的空间中。
半导体层28的该本征半导体材料可定义雪崩光检测器的倍增区(multiplicationregion)。半导体层28的该本征半导体材料具有变化的厚度(也就是,多个厚度),其在等于厚度t1与厚度t2之差的厚度与等于厚度t1与厚度t3之差的较大厚度之间随着在水平平面中的位置变化。因此,该雪崩光检测器的该倍增区也包括波纹,其为该电荷薄层中的该波纹的补体(complement)。
请参照图7、7A,其中,类似的附图标记表示图6、6A中类似的特征,且在该处理方法的下一制造阶段,半导体层34形成于半导体层28上,并设置于由掺杂区30及掺杂层32提供的该电荷薄层上方。由掺杂区30及掺杂层32提供的该电荷薄层设置于邻近半导体层34的半导体层28的部分中。可通过外延生长工艺例如选择性外延生长工艺生长半导体层34。
半导体层34可由吸收光并自该吸收光产生电荷载流子的半导体材料组成。在一个实施例中,半导体层34可包括具有包括本征锗的成分的半导体材料。在一个实施例中,半导体层34可包括具有仅包含锗的成分的半导体材料。
掺杂层36形成于半导体层34中,并邻近半导体层34的上表面。在一个实施例中,例如,可利用注入掩膜通过选择性离子注入工艺形成掺杂层36。注入条件(例如,离子种类、剂量、动能)可经选择以调节掺杂层36的电性及物理特性。在一个实施例中,掺杂层36可接收并包含提供p型导电性的p型掺杂物(例如,硼)。在一个实施例中,掺杂层36及该电荷薄层可包含相同导电类型的掺杂物(例如,p型掺杂物)。半导体层34的该本征半导体材料(在掺杂层36与该雪崩光检测器的该电荷薄层之间沿垂直方向设置)定义该雪崩光检测器的吸收区。
形成与掺杂层36电性且物理连接的接触件38。形成与衬垫19的凸起部23电性且物理连接的接触件40。接触件38、40可形成于在该雪崩光检测器上方形成的介电层中图案化的接触开口中。
在使用期间,在由半导体层34定义的该雪崩光检测器的该吸收区中吸收入射辐射,并在由半导体层28的该未注入部分定义的该倍增区中发生信号放大。当入射光子在该吸收区中被吸收时,形成电子-空穴对,且电子漂移至该倍增区中。通过碰撞电离形成额外的电子-空穴对,从而在该倍增区产生雪崩电流。低于击穿电压偏置该雪崩光检测器,以收集该雪崩电流。包括掺杂区30及掺杂层32的该电荷薄层用以控制该倍增及吸收区中的电场。该收集的雪崩电流提供可检测电子信号,可沿着通过衬垫19的接触凸起部23的电流路径自该雪崩光检测器输出该可检测电子信号。
与传统的雪崩光检测器相比,该吸收区、电荷薄层、以及倍增区的垂直堆叠布置(包括具有变化的厚度的电荷薄层以及具有变化的厚度的倍增区)可减小暗电流(darkcurrent)。与传统的雪崩光检测器相比,该多厚度电荷薄层及倍增区可提供增益增强。半导体层34的厚度可经选择以获得所需带宽,从而允许带宽选择至少部分基于容易调节的参数。
请参照图8、8A并依据替代实施例,用以形成掺杂区30的该注入掩膜可经修改以添加掺杂区31,掺杂区31经取向以与掺杂区30相交并定义由掺杂区30、31构成的网格。掺杂区31可由间隔的掺杂半导体材料条带构成,其在水平平面中横越由掺杂区30构成的间隔掺杂半导体材料条带而取向或排列。在一个实施例中,掺杂区30可形成于该网格(grid)的列中,且掺杂区31可形成于该网格的行中。掺杂层32覆盖于掺杂区30上以及掺杂区31上,以提供该电荷薄层的多个厚度。
半导体层28的本征半导体材料位于该网格中的掺杂区30、31之间的空隙中。位于该空隙中的半导体层28具有变化的厚度,其在等于厚度t1与厚度t2之差的厚度与等于厚度t1与厚度t3之差的较大厚度之间沿横向方向变化。
请参照图9、9A并依据替代实施例,半导体层28可经沉积而具有较大的厚度,且较厚的半导体层28的上部可经图案化以定义平台(mesa)35。平台35相对于半导体层28的下部升高。掺杂区30及掺杂层32可形成于平台35中,且半导体层34可形成于平台35上。在该代表性实施例中,掺杂区30、31可形成于网格的行及列中。在一个替代实施例中,掺杂区30可形成为横向间隔的条带,作为一维阵列中的列。
请参照图10、10A并依据替代实施例,可在邻近半导体层28的上表面29的半导体层28的上部中形成掺杂层44。在一个实施例中,例如,可利用注入掩膜通过选择性离子注入工艺形成掺杂层44,该注入掩膜具有布置于半导体层28的上表面29的整个表面区域上方的开口。在一个实施例中,掺杂层44的半导体材料可接收并包含提供p型导电性的p型掺杂物(例如,硼)。
请参照图11、11A,其中,类似的附图标记表示图10、10A中类似的特征,且在该处理方法的下一制造阶段,半导体层28可通过光刻及蚀刻工艺图案化,以定义沟槽46,该沟槽部分延伸穿过掺杂层44(图8、8A),以定义掺杂区30以及覆盖于掺杂区30上的掺杂层32。沟槽46可相对彼此平行排列。通过图案化沟槽46定义的掺杂区30以由平行的掺杂半导体材料条带构成的一维阵列布置。
请参照图12、12A,其中,类似的附图标记表示图11、11A中类似的特征,且在该处理方法的下一制造阶段,在掺杂区30及掺杂层32上方的半导体层28上形成半导体层34。掺杂区30可以由与水平平面中的半导体层34的条带交替的平行的掺杂半导体材料条带构成的一维列阵列布置。在此方面,半导体层34的部分设置于相邻成对的掺杂区30之间的沟槽46中,以使该雪崩光检测器的吸收区为波纹状的。半导体层34的该本征半导体材料具有变化的厚度,其在厚度t4与大于厚度t4的厚度t5之间随着在该水平平面中的位置变化。
继续处理,以完成该雪崩光检测器的装置结构。该雪崩光检测器的该吸收区、电荷薄层、以及倍增区沿垂直方向堆叠,具有波纹电荷薄层及波纹吸收区。
请参照图13、13A,其中,类似的附图标记表示图12、12A中类似的特征,且依据替代实施例,经图案化以形成掺杂区30的沟槽46可被修改,从而还形成掺杂区31。在一个实施例中,掺杂区30、31可形成于网格的行及列中。在该代表性实施例中,掺杂区30、31在水平平面中沿两个维度与半导体层28的未掺杂区交替,以定义网格,半导体层34的本征半导体材料布置于该网格的空隙中。位于该空隙中的半导体层34的本征半导体材料具有变化的厚度,其在厚度t4与厚度t5之间随着在该水平平面中的位置变化。
请参照图14并依据替代实施例,可将接触件38从位于半导体层34上的位置移动至位于半导体层28的延伸部48上的位置。通过修改注入掩膜来修改掺杂层36,以使掺杂层36分段布置于半导体层34的边缘。掺杂层36的这些段与在半导体层28的延伸部48中形成的掺杂层50连接。延伸部48自位于半导体层34下方的半导体层28的部分突出。接触件38与位于半导体层28的延伸部48的加宽段中的掺杂层50的部分电性且物理连接。半导体层28的延伸部48的该加宽段布置于与锥18相对的半导体层34的一端。
上述方法用于集成电路芯片的制造。制造者可以原始晶圆形式(例如,作为具有多个未封装芯片的单个晶圆)、作为裸管芯,或者以封装形式分配所得的集成电路芯片。可将该芯片与其它芯片、分立电路元件和/或其它信号处理装置集成,作为中间产品或最终产品的部分。该最终产品可为包括集成电路芯片的任意产品,例如具有中央处理器的计算机产品或智能手机。
本文中引用的由近似语言例如“大约”、“大致”及“基本上”所修饰的术语不限于所指定的精确值。该近似语言可对应于用以测量该值的仪器的精度,且除非另外依赖于该仪器的精度,否则可表示所述值的+/-10%。
本文中引用术语例如“垂直”、“水平”等作为示例来建立参考框架,并非限制。本文中所使用的术语“水平”被定义为与半导体衬底的传统平面平行的平面,而不论其实际的三维空间取向。术语“垂直”及“正交”是指垂直于如刚刚所定义的层级的方向。术语“横向”是指在该水平平面内的方向。
与另一个特征“连接”或“耦接”的特征可与该另一个特征直接连接或耦接,或者可存在一个或多个中间特征。如果不存在中间特征,则特征可与另一个特征“直接连接”或“直接耦接”。如存在至少一个中间特征,则特征可与另一个特征“非直接连接”或“非直接耦接”。在另一个特征“上”或与其“接触”的特征可直接在该另一个特征上或与其直接接触,或者可存在一个或多个中间特征。如果不存在中间特征,则特征可直接在另一个特征“上”或与其“直接接触”。如存在至少一个中间特征,则特征可“不直接”在另一个特征“上”或与其“不直接接触”。若一个特征延伸于另一个特征上方并覆盖其部分,则不同的特征可“重叠”。
对本发明的各种实施例所作的说明是出于示例说明的目的,而非意图详尽无遗或限于所揭示的实施例。许多修改及变更对于本领域的普通技术人员将显而易见,而不背离所述实施例的范围及精神。本文中所使用的术语经选择以最佳解释实施例的原理、实际应用或在市场已知技术上的技术改进,或者使本领域的普通技术人员能够理解本文中所揭示的实施例。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于雪崩光检测器的结构,其特征在于,该结构包括:
第一半导体层,包括第一部分及第二部分,该第一半导体层的该第一部分定义该雪崩光检测器的倍增区;
第二半导体层,与该第一半导体层沿垂直方向堆叠,该第二半导体层定义该雪崩光检测器的吸收区;以及
电荷薄层,位于该第一半导体层的该第二部分中,该电荷薄层具有随着在水平平面中的位置变化的厚度,
其中,该电荷薄层在该第二半导体层与该第一半导体层的该第一部分间沿该垂直方向设置。
2.如权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,该第一半导体层的该第二部分包括本征硅,且该第二半导体层包括本征锗。
3.如权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,还包括:
第二掺杂层,位于该第二半导体层中;以及
接触件,与该第二掺杂层连接。
4.如权利要求3所述的结构,其特征在于,该第二掺杂层及该电荷薄层分别包含具有相同导电类型的掺杂物。
5.如权利要求3所述的结构,其特征在于,该第二半导体层包括在该电荷薄层与该第二掺杂层间沿该垂直方向设置的本征锗。
6.如权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,该电荷薄层包括多个第一掺杂区以及叠加于该多个第一掺杂区上的掺杂层,该多个第一掺杂区具有第一厚度,且该掺杂层具有小于该第一厚度的第二厚度。
7.如权利要求6所述的结构,其特征在于,该多个第一掺杂区及该掺杂层分别包含具有第一导电类型的掺杂物,且还包括:
衬垫,由具有不同于该第一导电类型的第二导电类型的半导体材料组成,
其中,该第一半导体层及该第二半导体层设置于该衬垫上。
8.如权利要求6所述的结构,其特征在于,该多个第一掺杂区以一维条带阵列布置。
9.如权利要求8所述的结构,其特征在于,该第二半导体层包括多个部分,且该第二半导体层的各部分在该多个第一掺杂区的相邻对间沿横向方向布置。
10.如权利要求9所述的结构,其特征在于,该第一半导体层的该第一部分具有随着在该水平平面中的位置变化的厚度。
11.如权利要求6所述的结构,其特征在于,该电荷薄层包括具有该第二厚度的多个第二掺杂区,且该多个第二掺杂区经布置以与该多个第一掺杂区相交,从而定义网格。
12.如权利要求11所述的结构,其特征在于,该第二半导体层包括设置于该网格的空隙中的多个部分。
13.如权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,该第一半导体层的该第二部分是在该水平平面中具有第一横向尺寸的平台,该第一半导体层的该第一部分在该水平平面中具有第二横向尺寸,且该第二横向尺寸大于该第一横向尺寸。
14.如权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,该第一半导体层的该第一部分位于该第二半导体层下方,该第一半导体层包括自该第一半导体层的该第一部分突出的延伸部,且还包括:
第二掺杂层,位于该第二半导体层中;
第三掺杂层,位于该第一半导体层的该延伸部中,该第三掺杂层与该第二掺杂层连接;以及
接触件,与该第三掺杂层连接。
15.如权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,该电荷薄层包含具有第一导电类型的掺杂物,且还包括:
衬垫,包括凹入部,该衬垫由具有不同于该第一导电类型的第二导电类型的半导体材料组成,
其中,该第一半导体层及该第二半导体层设置于该衬垫的该凹入部中。
16.如权利要求15所述的结构,其特征在于,该衬垫包括第一凸起部及第二凸起部,该凹入部横向设置于该第一凸起部与该第二凸起部间,且还包括:
第一接触件,与该衬垫的该第一凸起部连接;
第二接触件,与该衬垫的该第二凸起部连接;以及
第三接触件,与该第二半导体层连接。
17.一种形成用于雪崩光检测器的结构的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括:
形成第一半导体层,该第一半导体层包括定义该雪崩光检测器的倍增区的第一部分;
在该第一半导体层的第二部分中形成电荷薄层,其中,该电荷薄层具有随着在水平平面中的位置变化的厚度;以及
形成与该第一半导体层沿垂直方向堆叠的第二半导体层,其中,该第二半导体层定义该雪崩光检测器的吸收区,且该电荷薄层在该第二半导体层与该第一半导体层的该第一部分间沿该垂直方向设置。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
在该第二半导体层中形成第二掺杂层;以及
形成与该第二掺杂层连接的接触件。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,该第二掺杂层及该电荷薄层分别包含具有相同导电类型的掺杂物,且该第二半导体层包括在该电荷薄层与该第二掺杂层间沿该垂直方向设置的本征锗。
20.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,该电荷薄层包括多个掺杂区以及叠加于该多个掺杂区上的掺杂层,该多个掺杂区具有第一厚度,且该掺杂层具有小于该第一厚度的第二厚度。
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US17/528,385 US11721780B2 (en) | 2021-11-17 | 2021-11-17 | Avalanche photodetectors with a multiple-thickness charge sheet |
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US7045833B2 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2006-05-16 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Avalanche photodiodes with an impact-ionization-engineered multiplication region |
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KR100617724B1 (ko) * | 2005-02-23 | 2006-08-28 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 애벌랜치 포토다이오드의 제작 방법 |
US7795064B2 (en) * | 2007-11-14 | 2010-09-14 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Front-illuminated avalanche photodiode |
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US8269223B2 (en) * | 2010-05-27 | 2012-09-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Polarization enhanced avalanche photodetector and method thereof |
KR101371401B1 (ko) * | 2010-11-03 | 2014-03-10 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 애벌런치 광다이오드 및 그 형성방법 |
TWI458111B (zh) * | 2011-07-26 | 2014-10-21 | Univ Nat Central | 水平式累崩型光檢測器結構 |
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US8786043B2 (en) * | 2012-05-05 | 2014-07-22 | SiFotonics Technologies Co, Ltd. | High performance GeSi avalanche photodiode operating beyond Ge bandgap limits |
US9780248B2 (en) * | 2012-05-05 | 2017-10-03 | Sifotonics Technologies Co., Ltd. | High performance GeSi avalanche photodiode operating beyond Ge bandgap limits |
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US9748429B1 (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2017-08-29 | National Technology & Engineering Solutions Of Sandia, Llc | Avalanche diode having reduced dark current and method for its manufacture |
US9048371B2 (en) * | 2013-10-03 | 2015-06-02 | Globalfoundries Singapore Pte. Ltd. | Semiconductor devices including avalanche photodetector diodes integrated on waveguides and methods for fabricating the same |
CN105247691B (zh) * | 2014-02-12 | 2017-03-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种雪崩光电二极管及其制造方法 |
US9755096B2 (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2017-09-05 | Elenion Technologies, Llc | Lateral Ge/Si avalanche photodetector |
JP6875987B2 (ja) * | 2014-11-18 | 2021-05-26 | ダブリュアンドダブリュセンス デバイシーズ, インコーポレイテッドW&Wsens Devices, Inc. | マイクロストラクチャ向上型吸収感光装置 |
GB201814688D0 (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2018-10-24 | Univ Court Univ Of Glasgow | Single photon avaalanche detector method for use therof and method for it's manufacture |
US11322638B2 (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2022-05-03 | Sifotonics Technologies Co., Ltd. | Waveguide-integrated avalanche photodiode |
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TW202429694A (zh) * | 2019-08-28 | 2024-07-16 | 美商光程研創股份有限公司 | 具低暗電流之光偵測裝置 |
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US20220416097A1 (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-12-29 | Intel Corporation | Waveguide photodetectors for silicon photonic integrated circuits |
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