CN116122043B - 一种pps纤维原位改性制备ppsso纤维的方法 - Google Patents
一种pps纤维原位改性制备ppsso纤维的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种聚苯硫醚(PPS)纤维原位改性制备聚苯砜亚砜(PPSSO)纤维的方法,其是以氢型阳离子交换树脂作催化剂,羧酸作为底物,过氧化氢作为氧源,通过对PPS纤维进行氧化,使其发生原位结构改性,而制得PPSSO纤维。本发明反应条件温和、方法简单易行,生产制备过程对设备无腐蚀性,对环境友好,且催化剂易分离并可重复使用,是一种短流程、经济性制备PPSSO纤维的方法,所制备的PPSSO纤维具有耐高温、抗氧化的特点,且其无熔点、强力保留率较高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚芳砜类纤维制备技术领域,具体是以聚苯硫醚(PPS)纤维为原料,羧酸作为底物,过氧化氢为氧源,氢型阳离子交换树脂做催化剂,提供一种将PPS原位改性制备成聚苯砜亚砜(PPSSO)纤维的方法。
背景技术
聚苯硫醚(PPS)纤维由于本身分子结构使其自身抗氧化能力较低,同时,它的玻璃化转变温度较低(150℃左右),高温被氧化后纤维的脆性增加,强力下降,无法满足恶劣工况的使用要求,且其纤维有熔点,用于高温热防护面料时会因产生熔滴而对人体造成二次伤害。因此PPS纤维很难在具有强氧化性工况下使用,其纤维燃烧产生熔滴的特性也限制了其在高温热防护领域的应用。聚芳砜类聚合物是聚苯硫醚(PPS)结构改性聚合物,其分子链中的芳基砜结构使其具有较PPS更好的抗氧化、耐高温、耐腐蚀能力,然而该类聚合物的生产工艺存在能耗高、反应周期长等瓶颈问题暂未得到实质性的解决,且其聚合物流动性差、昂贵的价格一直限制了该类聚合物在纤维领域的应用。聚苯砜亚砜(PPSSO)纤维属于聚芳砜类聚合物,可通过PPS纤维催化氧化制得,但现有利用PPS纤维改性制备PPSSO纤维的技术中通常使用强酸作为催化剂,导致PPSSO纤维制备过程产生的强酸废液难处理,生产设备易腐蚀,也进一步限制了PPSSO纤维的推广使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有PPS纤维抗氧性差、耐高温不足、有熔滴的分子结构缺陷,及PPSSO纤维生产中存在的问题,从分子结构设计入手,提供一种PPS纤维在以氢型阳离子交换树脂作催化剂,羧酸作为底物,过氧化氢为氧源形成的反应体系中,通过控制反应时间、反应温度和流经PPS纤维和氢型阳离子交换树脂的混合液体积流量,进而调控PPS纤维的氧化程度,以制备PPSSO纤维的方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种PPS纤维原位改性制备PPSSO纤维的方法,其是以氢型阳离子交换树脂作催化剂,羧酸作为底物,过氧化氢作为氧源,对PPS纤维进行原位结构改性,制成PPSSO纤维;其具体包括以下步骤:
1)在釜式反应器底部投入一定量的氢型阳离子交换树脂,然后在其上面设置一层筛网,以使交换树脂与纤维隔离,再在筛网上面均匀投入一定量的PPS纤维;
2)将一定量羧酸、过氧化氢溶液、稳定剂和水搅拌形成混合液;
3)使所得混合液在一定温度下流入装有氢型阳离子交换树脂与PPS纤维的釜式反应器,经反应后将纤维取出,洗涤后干燥,即得PPSSO纤维。
进一步地,所用PPS纤维、氢型阳离子交换树脂、羧酸、过氧化氢溶液、稳定剂和水的质量比为1:(0.2~1.5):(1~4):(1~4):(0.001~0.05):(0~6)。
进一步地,所述氢型阳离子交换树脂为交联度为6~9%的苯乙烯-二乙烯共聚体上带有磺酸基的阳离子交换树脂,其平均粒度为500-1000μm,体积交换量≥1.9mmol/ml,湿真密度1.2~1.3 g/ml,湿视密度0.7~0.9g/ml,其具体可包括NKC-9、Amberlite IR120H、DOWEXMONOSPHERE 650C(H)、Amberlyst35WET和723等阳离子交换树脂。
进一步地,所述羧酸为甲酸、乙酸、乙二酸、丁酸、丁二酸、戊酸、戊二酸中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述过氧化氢溶液的浓度为20~35wt%。
进一步地,所述稳定剂为水杨酸、乙二胺四乙酸、硫氰酸钾、焦磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、硅酸钠中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述筛网为聚乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、不锈钢、玻璃或陶瓷材质,其目数为40-200目。
进一步地,装入的PPS纤维上方也可设置一层筛网,以保证PPS纤维层面均匀。
进一步地,步骤3)中混合液的温度为50-90℃,其体积流量为10~50m3/h。混合液流经PPS纤维与氢型阳离子交换树脂的体积流量可通过反应器旋转、震荡、循环泵等方式进行设置。
进一步地,步骤3)中反应的时间为3h-12h,压力为常压。
进一步地,反应后的氢型阳离子交换树脂可经过滤、洗涤,80~100℃下干燥30~120min后重复使用,在重复使用8~10次后需用1~2%稀硫酸浸泡一次后再进行过滤、洗涤、烘干。
本发明将PPS分子链中的硫醚键选择性氧化成亚砜和砜,以抑制其苯环上C-S键断裂形成大分子自由基,大幅减少自由基反应,进而抑制了PPS大分子链的解聚、支化、交联等反应,从而在不破坏PPS长链结构的前提下,将PPS纤维选择性原位氧化制成有优异抗氧化性能的PPSSO纤维。
本发明具有以下优点:
1)本发明通过调控氧化选择性来解决PPS不耐氧化、耐高温性不足和有熔滴的缺陷,改性制备出一种新型抗氧化、耐高温、无熔滴的聚芳砜类纤维——聚苯砜亚砜(PPSSO)纤维。
2)本发明反应条件温和,催化剂对设备无腐蚀性,无废强酸排放,无污染,环境友好。
3)本发明中使用氢型阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,其催化活性高,工艺流程简单,避免了强酸作为催化剂产生的废液处理问题,且催化剂与纤维易分离,分离后经回收活化可重复使用,降低了催化剂使用成本。
4)本发明利用PPS纤维为原料,通过液相氧化,将PPS纤维分子链上硫原子选择性的氧化为砜、亚砜,这种选择性氧化的纤维改变了原PPS纤维的热性能和抗氧化性。所得PPSSO纤维除可用于高端过滤材料领域,亦可用于热/化学防护用品,如消防服、炉前工作服、电焊工作服、特种军服、防火帘、防火毡和防火手套等。
附图说明
图1为实施例1所使用反应装置的结构示意图;
图中,1为树脂空间、2为纤维空间、3为筛网、4为进液口、5为密封盖、6为循环泵、7为加热管、8为排液口。
图2为实施例2制备的PPSSO纤维和对比例制备的PPSSO-Na纤维的红外光谱对比图。
图3为实施例2制备的PPSSO纤维和对比例制备的PPSSO-Na纤维的差热测试分析图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所述的内容更加便于理解,下面结合具体实施方式对本发明所述的技术方案做进一步的说明,但是本发明不仅限于此。
实施例1
如图1所示,首先在釜式反应器的树脂空间1投入2.0kg 723阳离子交换树脂(其粒度为500-1000μm,体积交换容量为2.0 mmol/ml,含水量为50%,湿真密度为1.3 g/ml),然后放置80目的不锈钢筛网3将其封住,在纤维空间2中均匀放入2.0kg PPS纤维,纤维上方也用80目不锈钢筛网3封住,闭合密封盖5;从进液口4投入由4kg乙酸、5kg 27.5%的过氧化氢溶液、20g水杨酸、10g六偏磷酸钠、11kg水组成的混合液后,通过加热管7使得反应器温度为90℃,开启循环泵6,使混合液以30m3/h的体积流量流入树脂空间1与纤维空间2进行反应,反应12h后,从进液口4通入水充分洗涤纤维和树脂后,废水通过排液口8流出;冲洗结束,取出纤维并在150℃烘干2小时,记为PPSSO-Na纤维;取出阳离子交换树脂,在100℃烘干2小时以回收树脂。
实施例2
首先在釜式反应器底层均匀铺上2.0kg 723阳离子交换树脂(其粒度为500-1000μm,体积交换容量为2.0 mmol/ml,含水量为50%,湿真密度为1.3 g/ml),然后放置80目的不锈钢筛网封住,然后在筛网上均匀放入2.0kg PPS纤维,纤维上方也用80目不锈钢筛网封住;将4kg乙酸、5kg 27.5%的过氧化氢溶液、20g水杨酸、10g六偏磷酸钠、11kg水搅拌形成混合液;设置反应器温度为50℃,通过循环泵使混合液以40m3/h的体积流量流入装有阳离子交换树脂与PPS纤维的釜式反应器中进行反应,反应12h后通入水充分洗涤纤维和树脂,然后取出纤维,在150℃烘干2小时,即得到PPSSO纤维;取出阳离子交换树脂,在100℃烘干2小时后回收树脂。
实施例3
首先在釜式反应器底层均匀铺上420g 723阳离子交换树脂(其粒度为500-1000μm,体积交换容量为2.0 mmol/ml,含水量为50%,湿真密度为1.3 g/ml),并将其用80目的聚四氟乙烯筛网封住,然后在筛网上均匀放入500g PPS纤维,纤维上方也用80目聚四氟乙烯筛网封住;将524g甲酸、524g戊酸、1048g 35%的过氧化氢溶液、5g乙二胺四乙酸、2.5g硅酸钠、500g水搅拌形成混合液;设置反应器温度为70℃,通过循环泵使混合液以40m3/h的体积流量流入装有阳离子交换树脂与PPS纤维的釜式反应器中进行反应,反应8h后通入水充分洗涤纤维和树脂,然后取出纤维,在120℃烘干2小时,即得到PPSSO纤维;取出阳离子交换树脂,在80℃烘干2小时后回收树脂。
实施例4
采用实施例2回收的树脂重复使用,其操作条件与实施例2相同,树脂循环使用4次的收率结果见表1。
表1 催化剂循环使用的收率
对比例
首先在釜式反应器底层均匀铺上2.0kg Amberjet 1200Na阳离子交换树脂(其平均粒度为535-635μm,体积交换容量为2.0 mmol/ml,含水量为50%,湿真密度为1.1 g/ml),然后在其上面设置一层100目的聚乙烯筛网,在筛网上均匀放入2.0kg PPS纤维,纤维上方也用100目的聚乙烯筛网封住;将4kg乙酸、5kg 27.5%的过氧化氢溶液、20g水杨酸、10g六偏磷酸钠、11kg水搅拌形成混合液;设置反应器温度为50℃,通过震荡使混合液以40m3/h的体积流量流入装有阳离子交换树脂与PPS纤维的釜式反应器中进行反应,反应3h后通入水充分洗涤纤维和树脂,然后取出纤维,在120℃烘干2小时,即得到PPSSO-Na纤维;取出阳离子交换树脂,在80℃烘干2小时后回收树脂。
对实施例及对比例所制得PPSSO纤维的熔点、耐HNO3强力保持率、耐温强力保持率进行测试,测试条件如下:
(1)熔点测试使用差热分析仪测试。
(2)耐HNO3性能测试:在85℃条件下,将纤维浸泡于质量分数为30%的HNO3溶液中,静置24h后测试未经处理纤维和处理后纤维的强力对比。
(3)耐温性能测试:将纤维放置烘箱260℃、24h后,测试未经处理纤维和处理后纤维的强力对比。
结果见表2。
表2 PPSSO纤维的熔点、耐HNO3强力保持率、耐温强力保持率
将实施例2制备的PPSSO纤维和对比例制备的PPSSO-Na纤维进行红外光谱测试分析,结果见图2。从图2可以看出,PPSSO纤维相对于PPS纤维和PPSSO-Na纤维的红外谱图中,出现了1325cm-1的反对称砜基振动吸收峰,1153 cm-1的对称砜基振动吸收峰,1050 cm-1的亚砜基振动吸收峰,由此证明氢型阳离子交换树脂作为催化剂,可以将PPS纤维成功制备PPSSO纤维。
将实施例2制备的PPSSO纤维和对比例制备的PPSSO-Na纤维进行差热测试分析(DSC),结果见图3。从图3可以看出,PPS纤维和PPSSO-Na纤维的熔点在285.5℃附近,而PPSSO纤维的差热曲线是一条光滑的曲线,无熔点,由此进一步证明采用氢型阳离子交换树脂作为催化剂时,可将PPS纤维成功制成PPSSO纤维,且其具备良好的耐热、耐氧化性能。
以上结果充分证明了:
1)以氢型阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,PPS纤维为原料,过氧化氢为氧化剂,羧酸为底物,可以成功制备PPSSO纤维。
2)以氢型阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,利用PPS纤维制备PPSSO纤维的反应条件温和,且氢型阳离子交换树脂的催化活性高,可重复多次利用,降低了催化剂使用成本,并且纤维与催化剂易分离,使工艺流程简单。
3)氢型阳离子交换树脂与其他无机酸催化剂对比,具有对设备无腐蚀性、无废强酸排放、无污染、环境友好等优点。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种PPS纤维原位改性制备PPSSO纤维的方法,其特征在于,以氢型阳离子交换树脂作催化剂,羧酸作为底物,过氧化氢作为氧源,对PPS纤维进行原位结构改性,制成PPSSO纤维;
其包括以下步骤:
1)在釜式反应器底部投入一定量的氢型阳离子交换树脂,然后在其上面设置一层筛网,再在筛网上面均匀投入一定量的PPS纤维;
2)将一定量羧酸、过氧化氢溶液、稳定剂和水搅拌形成混合液;
3)使所得混合液在一定温度下流入装有氢型阳离子交换树脂与PPS纤维的釜式反应器,经反应后将纤维取出,洗涤后干燥,即得PPSSO纤维;
所用PPS纤维、氢型阳离子交换树脂、羧酸、过氧化氢溶液、稳定剂和水的质量比为1:(0.2~1.5):(1~4):(1~4):(0.001~0.05):(0~6);
所述氢型阳离子交换树脂为交联度为6~9%的苯乙烯-二乙烯共聚体上带有磺酸基的阳离子交换树脂;
所述羧酸为甲酸、乙酸、戊酸中的一种或多种;
所述稳定剂为水杨酸、乙二胺四乙酸、六偏磷酸钠中的一种或多种;
步骤3)中混合液的温度为50-90℃;混合液的体积流量为10~50m3/h;所述反应的时间为3h-12h,压力为常压。
2.根据权利要求1所述的PPS纤维原位改性制备PPSSO纤维的方法,其特征在于,所述过氧化氢溶液的浓度为20~35wt%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的PPS纤维原位改性制备PPSSO纤维的方法,其特征在于,所述筛网为聚乙烯、聚四氟乙烯或不锈钢材质,其目数为40-200目。
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