CN116120420A - 燕窝多肽组合物、其制备方法及其在抗衰老美白中的应用 - Google Patents
燕窝多肽组合物、其制备方法及其在抗衰老美白中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请公开了燕窝多肽组合物、其制备方法及其在抗衰老美白中的应用。该燕窝多肽组合物包括具有如SEQ ID NO.1、如SEQ ID NO.2、SEQ ID NO.3、SEQ ID NO.4和如SEQ ID NO.6所示的氨基酸序列的多肽中的至少一种。本申请对这些多肽及其组合物进行体外清除自由基活性检测发现，其均具有显著清除自由基活性。通过体外实验证实，该燕窝多肽及其组合物对人角质形成细胞无毒性，并具有清除该细胞氧化应激的损伤修复作用。进一步通过动物实验证实，以该燕窝多肽及其组合物具有对小鼠光老化皮肤损伤和老化起到修复作用，具有广泛的应用于抗衰老相关化妆品的前景。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及燕窝多肽技术领域，尤其涉及燕窝多肽组合物、其制备方法及其在抗衰老美白中的应用。
背景技术
燕窝中蛋白质含量占燕窝干重较大比重。朱春红、雍炜等人对不同燕窝蛋白质含量检测结果为血燕60.38％、黄63.56％、白燕58.81％及燕片60.31％。查圣华、姜水红等检测出泰国及印度产白燕和血燕的蛋白质含量在55～60％左右。李晓龙等通过不同提取方法提取燕窝蛋白质，其中水提取法所得到溶液蛋白浓度为192.58μg/mL。陆源、韩灯保等检测出我国云南小白腰雨燕、白腰雨燕、短嘴金丝燕产燕窝的蛋白质含量分别为42.21％、47.78％和45.28％。由此可见，燕窝中包含丰富的蛋白，虽然有相关研究证实燕窝含有美白等相关功能，但是其蛋白均为大分子，真正起到美白功能的效果有效，大分子蛋白被皮肤吸收效果有效，充分开发其利用吸收的小分子肽具有非常现实的意义。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本申请的目的在于至少提供一种具有抗衰老功能的燕窝多肽或其多肽组合物。
第一方面，本申请实施例公开了一种燕窝多肽组合物，包括具有如SEQ ID NO.1、如SEQ ID NO.2、SEQ ID NO.3、SEQ ID NO.4和如SEQ ID NO.6所示的氨基酸序列的多肽中的至少一种。
在本申请实施例中，所述燕窝多肽组合物包括如SEQ ID NO.1、SEQ ID NO.2、SEQID NO.3和SEQ ID NO.4所示的多肽中的至少两种。
在本申请实施例中，所述燕窝多肽组合物包括如SEQ ID NO.1、SEQ ID NO.2、SEQID NO.3、SEQ ID NO.4和SEQ ID NO.6所示的氨基酸序列的五种多肽。
第二方面，本申请实施例公开了一种抗衰老化妆品组合物，包括第一方面的燕窝多肽组合物以及化妆品学上可接受的配料。
具体的实施例中，所述化妆品学上可接受的配料包括媒介剂、美白剂、保湿剂、润肤剂、乳化剂、增稠剂、防腐剂和香料中的至少一种。
更具体的实施例中，所述媒介剂包括稀释剂、分散剂和载体中的至少一种。
更具体的实施例中，所述美白剂包括烟酞胺、熊果苷、曲酸、果酸和水杨酸中的至少一种。
更具体的实施例中，所述保湿剂包括甘油、双甘油、丁二醇、丙二醇、1,3一丙二醇、双丙甘醇、1,2一戊二醇、聚乙二醇-8、聚乙二醇-32、甲基葡糖醇聚醚-10、甲基葡糖醇聚醚-20、PEG/PPG-17/6共聚物、甘油聚醚-7、甘油聚醚-26、甘油葡糖苷、PPG-10甲基葡糖醚、PPG-20甲基葡糖醚、PEG/PPG/聚丁二醇-8/5/3甘油、蔗糖、海藻糖、鼠李糖、甘露糖、棉子糖、甜菜碱、赤鲜醇、木糖醇、尿素、甘油聚醚-5乳酸酯、透明质酸钠、水解透明质酸钠、乙酰化透明质酸钠、聚谷氨酸钠、水解小核菌胶、出芽短梗酶多糖、银耳多糖、酸豆籽多糖等中的至少一种。
更具体的实施例中，所述润肤剂包括但不限于橄榄油、澳洲坚果油、甜杏仁油、葡萄籽油、鳄梨油、玉米油、芝麻油、大豆油、花生油、白池花籽油、红花籽油、狗牙蔷薇果油、刺阿干树仁油、霍霍巴籽油、向日葵籽油、毛瑞搁果油、角鳖烷、棕搁酸乙基己酯、肉豆寇酸异丙酯、氢化聚异丁烯、异十六烷、异十二烷、碳酸二乙基己酯、碳酸二辛酯、月桂酞肌氨酸异丙酯、异壬酸异壬酯、氢化聚癸烯、甘油三(乙基己酸)酯、鲸蜡醇乙基己酸酯、双-二乙氧基二甘醇环己烷1,4一二梭酸酯、辛酸/癸酸甘油三醋、油醇芥酸酯、辛基十二醇肉豆范酸酯、辛基十二醇、聚二甲基硅氧烷、辛基聚甲基硅氧烷、鲸蜡基聚二甲基硅氧烷、环五聚二甲基硅氧烷、鲸蜡醇、硬脂醇、鲸蜡硬脂醇、山箭醇、鳖肝醇、月桂酸、肉豆范酸、棕搁酸、硬脂酸、蜂蜡、小烛树蜡、巴西棕搁蜡、羊毛脂、地蜡、霍霍巴籽蜡、石蜡、微晶蜡、氢化米糠蜡、氢化椰油甘油酯类、甘油山箭酸酯/二十酸酯、肉豆范醇肉豆荔酸酯、双-二甘油多酞基己二酸酯-2、牛油果树果脂和木鲁星果棕籽脂中的至少一种。
更具体的实施例中，所述乳化剂包括鲸蜡硬脂醇橄榄油酸酯、山梨坦橄榄油酸酯、聚山梨醇酯-60、聚山梨醇酯-80、甲基葡糖倍半硬脂酸酯、PEG-20甲基葡糖倍半硬脂酸酯、PEG-40氢化蓖麻油、PPG-26-丁醇聚醚-26、PEG-4聚甘油-2硬脂酸酯、PEG-60氢化蓖麻油、硬脂醇聚醚-2、硬脂醇聚醚-21、PPG-13-癸基十四醇聚醚-24、鲸蜡硬脂基葡糖苷、PEG-100硬脂酸酯、甘油硬脂酸酯、甘油硬脂酸酯SE、椰油基葡糖苷、鲸蜡硬脂醇聚醚-25、PEG-40硬脂酸酯、聚甘油-3甲基葡糖二硬脂酸酯、甘油硬脂酸酯柠檬酸酯、聚甘油-10硬脂酸酯、聚甘油-10肉豆范酸酯、聚甘油-10二油酸酯、聚甘油-10月桂酸酯、聚甘油-10异硬脂酸酯、聚甘油-10油酸酯、聚甘油-10二异硬脂酸酯、聚甘油-月桂酸酯、聚甘油-6肉豆盖酸酯、蔗糖硬脂酸酯和蔗糖多硬脂酸酯中的至少一种。
更具体的实施例中，所述增稠剂包括丙烯酸(酯)类及其衍生物、黄原胶、阿拉伯胶、聚乙二醇-14M、聚乙二醇-90M、琥珀酞聚糖、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素中的至少一种。
更具体的实施例中，所述防腐剂包括羟苯甲酯、羟苯丙酯、苯氧乙醇、苯甲醇、苯乙醇、双(羟甲基)咪哇烷基脉、山梨酸钾、苯甲酸钠、氯苯甘醚、脱氢乙酸钠、1,2-己二醇、1,2-戊二醇、对羟基苯乙酮、辛甘醇、甘油辛酸酯、十一碳烯酸甘油醋、山梨坦辛酸酯和乙基己基甘油中的至少一种。
第三方面，本申请实施例公开了第一方面的燕窝多肽组合物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
获得经处理的燕窝冻干粉和包含有植物乳杆菌的工作种子液；
获得种子液，所述种子液由所述工作种子液接种至种子培养基经培养得到，所述种子培养基包含不低于1wt％的所述燕窝冻干粉；
获得发酵液，所述发酵液由所述种子液接种至发酵培养基经发酵得到，所述发酵培养基包含2～5wt％的所述燕窝冻干粉；
对所述发酵液进行絮凝、酶解和纯化，即可制得所述燕窝多肽组合物。
在本申请实施例中，所述种子培养基为包含1～2.5％w/v的燕窝冻干粉的MRS培养基；所述发酵培养接为包括2～5％w/v的燕窝冻干粉和4～6％w/v的葡萄糖的MRS培养基。
在本申请实施例中，所述酶解的步骤包括：
向絮凝处理后的上清液，冷冻干燥后，得到冻干粉；
将冻干粉溶解于PBS缓冲液中，同时向缓冲体系中加入木瓜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶，37℃处理2h，能够得到含有小分子量的多肽的酶解液。
在本申请实施例中，所述酶解的步骤中，所述冻干粉在缓冲体系中的初始浓度为15～20mg/mL。
在本申请实施例中，所述酶解过程中，所述木瓜蛋白酶和所述胰蛋白酶的初始浓度分别为所述冻干粉质量的1.0～1.5％和0.5～0.7％。
第四方面，本申请实施例公开了第一方面的燕窝多肽组合物或第二方面的制备方法制得的燕窝多肽组合物在制备抗衰老美白化妆品中的应用。
与现有技术相比，本申请至少具有以下有益效果：
本申请将燕窝作为一种营养原料，利用植物乳杆菌对其进行发酵，并对发酵后的发酵液进行酶解处理，经纯化和鉴定发现，得到的多肽化合物显著不低于直接将燕窝进行酶解的多肽化合物。本申请对这些多肽及其组合物进行体外清除自由基活性检测发现，其均具有显著清除自由基活性。
进一步通过体外实验证实，该燕窝多肽及其组合物对人角质形成细胞无毒性，并具有清除该细胞氧化应激的损伤修复作用。进一步通过动物实验证实，以该燕窝多肽及其组合物具有对小鼠光老化皮肤损伤和老化起到修复作用，具有广泛的应用于抗衰老相关化妆品的前景。
附图说明
图1为本申请提供的实施例1～5制得的燕窝多肽制备色谱图。
图2为本申请提供的对比例1～3制得的燕窝多肽制备色谱图。
图3为本申请细胞实验中的空白组NHEK细胞显微图。
图4为本申请细胞实验中的模型组NHEK细胞显微图。
图5为本申请细胞实验中的干预组(供试品1干预)NHEK细胞显微图。
图6为本申请动物实验中的正常组皮肤组织HE染色图。
图7为本申请动物实验中的模型组皮肤组织HE染色图。
图8为本申请动物实验中的阳性组皮肤组织HE染色图。
图9为本申请动物实验中的干预组(供试品1)皮肤组织HE染色图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
燕窝的发酵
一、材料与方法
1、燕窝来源及发酵菌剂来源
马来西亚白燕盏，半干挑高净度5A中盏，购自燕小二。
植物乳杆菌植物亚种，货号B94742，购自明舟生物。
2、菌株活化
取上述植物乳杆菌植物亚种的冻干保存管，以3％m/v接种至MRS液体培养基中，于37℃培养12h后，进行再于MRS固体平板上划线后，37℃培养24h后挑取单菌落进行纯化培养，传代培养两代后即可作为工作种子液。
3、燕窝处理
精确称重50g的干燥的上述马来西亚白燕盏，并浸泡在5L水倍体积中3～15h；去水后，将其浸入1.5L去离子水中，于98±2℃下煮8小时左右，直到完全熔化；
再将样品在分子量为2000的透析袋中用水透析过夜，以去除一些小分子，然后过滤，冷冻干燥后，得到燕窝冻干粉。
4、发酵过程
一个具体的实施例1的发酵过程为：
(1)制得发酵种子液
将上述工作种子液以5％v/v的接种量接种至含有1％w/v的燕窝冻干粉的MRS培养基中，37℃发酵24h后置于4℃2h以停止发酵，即得发酵种子液。
(2)制得发酵液
将上述发酵种子液以4％v/v的接种量接种至发酵培养基中，于37℃发酵24h后置于4℃2h以停止发酵，即得发酵液。其中，发酵培养基具体包括2％w/v的燕窝冻干粉和4～6％w/v的葡萄糖的MRS培养基。其中，术语“w/v”表示质量/体积百分比，具体为g/L的百分比。
一个具体的实施例2的发酵过程中，与实施例1大致相同，区别仅在于种子培养基中含有2％w/v的燕窝冻干粉，工作种子液的接种量为4％v/v。
一个具体的实施例3的发酵过程中，与实施例1大致相同，区别仅在于种子培养基中含有2.5％w/v的燕窝冻干粉，工作种子液的接种量为3％v/v。
一个具体的实施例4的发酵过程中，与实施例1大致相同，区别仅在于发酵培养基中含有5％w/v的燕窝冻干粉和4％w/v的葡萄糖，发酵种子液的接种量为3％v/v。
一个具体的实施例5的发酵过程中，与实施例1大致相同，区别仅在于发酵培养基中含有3％w/v的燕窝冻干粉和4％w/v的葡萄糖，发酵种子液的接种量为6％v/v。
一个具体的对比例1的发酵过程中，与实施例1大致相同，区别仅在于种子培养基为MRS培养基。
一个具体的对比例2的发酵过程中，与实施例1大致相同，区别仅在于发酵培养基为MRS培养基。
5、燕窝多肽的制备
具体的实施例1的燕窝多肽的制备过程如下：
(1)发酵液处理
取发酵液调节pH值至中性后，加入10v/v％的生物絮凝剂(武汉鑫润德)，在温和的电磁搅拌3min后静置30min；
(2)燕窝多肽制备
取上清，1500rpm离心3min，后冷冻干燥，得到冻干粉加入至pH＝5.8的PBS溶液中至初始浓度为20mg/mL，加入木瓜蛋白酶(货号P4762，Sigma-Aldrich)和胰蛋白酶(T2600000，Sigma-Aldrich)加入至缓冲液中初始浓度为燕窝冻干粉初始浓度的1.5％和0.5％，37℃处理2h，能够得到含有小分子量多肽的酶解液，采用孔径10kDa超滤膜对酶解液进行超滤，能够去除其中大分子酶和少量未被水解的大分子燕窝蛋白质，滤液经浓缩、冻干，即可得到燕窝多肽。
(3)Sephadex G-25分离燕窝多肽
先将Sephadex G-25进行前处理，按照其溶胀比例称取一定量的凝胶，用超纯水浸泡凝胶72h，使其达到完全溶胀。完全溶胀后将其装入2.50×100cm玻璃柱，用超纯水平衡3倍柱体积，将燕窝多肽样品用超纯水配制成浓度为100mg/mL的样品溶液，并用微孔滤膜0.45μm进行过滤，上样量1mL，流速为40mL/h进行洗脱，收集5mL/管洗脱溶液，
用紫外可见光分光光度计在280nm处测定收集的组分吸光度，记录并绘制吸光度曲线，依次按照洗脱峰的顺序收集，将出峰顺序相一致的洗脱液合并，浓缩、冷冻干燥。
(4)RP-HPLC分离纯化
将上述馏分，经上述的截留分子量为5000的透析袋透析浓缩后，0.22μm过滤，以HPLC制备色谱纯化，按峰分别收集足量洗脱液，冷冻干燥，测定各组分峰进行体外抗自由基活性检测，以便筛选抗氧化活性高的多肽。
制备色谱的条件为：色谱柱为Bio100 C18N(5μm，30mm ID)，安捷伦HPLC1200系列系统(安捷伦，沃尔德布朗，德国)，二极管阵列探测器(DAD)。
流动相为：A相0.1％三氟乙酸，B相乙腈；梯度程序为：0→10min，线性梯度5→15％B相；10→30min，线性梯度15→30％B；30→50min，30％B；50→60min，线性梯度30→50％B；每次运行之间采用20min的预平衡周期。流速为0.6ml/min，柱温为25℃，注入量为10μL，DAD波长设置为214nm。
(5)多肽序列鉴定
取适量样品溶于0.1％甲酸水溶液，自动进样器上样于LTQ Orbitrap Velos Pr。质谱仪(Thermo Finnigan，USA)。质谱仪使用前经丁螺环酮标准校准液校正，质谱检测条件为离子源ESI+，喷雾电压为1.8kv，离子传输毛细管温度为250℃，扫描范围为50～750m/z，扫描方式为IDA。
多肽和多肽的碎片的质量电荷比每次全扫描后采集10个碎片图谱。原始文件用Mascot 2.3软件中的de navy算法分析。相关参数为:Enzyme＝none,Variable modifi-canon：Oxidation(M)，Peptides tolerance:20ppm，MS/MS tolerance：0.1u，Mascot结果过滤参数为FDR≦0.01。
实施例2～5和对比例1～2均参照上述实施例1的制备过程制备燕窝多肽。
本申请还公开了一个实施例6，其燕窝多肽的制备过程与实施例1基本相同，区别仅在于酶解过程中，燕窝冻干粉的初始浓度为18mg/mL，木瓜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的初始浓度为燕窝冻干粉初始浓度的1.2％和0.7％。
本申请还公开了一个实施例7，其燕窝多肽的制备过程与实施例1基本相同，区别仅在于酶解过程中，燕窝冻干粉的初始浓度为15mg/mL，木瓜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的初始浓度为燕窝冻干粉初始浓度的1.0％和0.6％。
本申请还公开了一个对比例3：其直接将经过“3、燕窝处理”的步骤得到的燕窝冻干粉(而未经发酵过程)，按照上述“(2)燕窝多肽制备、(3)Sephadex G-25分离燕窝多肽、(4)RP-HPLC分离纯化和(5)多肽序列鉴定”的步骤，以制得燕窝多肽，并对其进行鉴定。
本申请还公开了一个对比例4，其燕窝多肽的制备过程与实施例1基本相同，区别仅在于酶解过程中，燕窝冻干粉的初始浓度为20mg/mL，仅使用木瓜蛋白酶进行酶解，且其初始浓度为燕窝冻干粉初始浓度的2.0％。
本申请还公开了一个对比例5，其燕窝多肽的制备过程与实施例1基本相同，区别仅在于酶解过程中，燕窝冻干粉的初始浓度为20mg/mL，仅使用胰蛋白酶进行酶解，且其初始浓度为燕窝冻干粉初始浓度的2.0％。5、燕窝多肽体外清除自由基活性检测
(1)供试品为上述制备色谱制得各收集峰的冻干粉，用0.05mM的氯化钠溶解，配制为0.5mg/mL的溶液作为供试品。
(2)燕窝多肽的DPPH清除活性
取2mL 0.2mM DPPH的95％乙醇溶液，与2mL供试品溶液混匀15mL试管中，作为测定管；同样取2mL 95％乙醇溶液与2mL供试品溶液混匀于15mL试管中，作对照管；
取2mL DPPH溶液和2mL 95％乙醇溶液混匀于15mL试管中，作为空白管；三组试管均于室温下避光处反应30min，于517nm波长下测试管、对照管和空白管的吸光值，并以此即为A1、A2和A3，则对应的供试品的DPPH清除率＝[A2-(A1-A3)]/A2×100％。
(3)燕窝多肽的超氧阴离子自由基除活性
按照上述相同的步骤，采用超氧阴离子自由基试剂盒(北京索莱宝)进行测定，供试品的超氧阴离子自由基清除率＝[A2-(A1-A3)]/A2×100％；A1、A2和A3分别为测试管、对照管和空白管在550nm处的吸光值。
(4)燕窝多肽的羟自由基清除活性
按照上述相同的步骤，采用羟自由基检测试剂盒(北京索莱宝)进行测定，供试品的羟自由基清除率＝[A2-(A1-A3)]/A2×100％；A1、A2和A3分别为测试管、对照管和空白管在550nm处的吸光值。
二、结果
在上述实施例1～5和对比例1～3的燕窝多肽制备过程中，经SSephadex G-25分子排阻色谱制得的组分分别进行体外清除自由基活性检测，挑选活性高的多肽成分进行反相制备液相色谱进行纯化，其制备色谱图分别为图1～3所示。
如图1中，实施1～7制得的燕窝多肽色谱峰均具有A、B、C和D四个主峰，收集这些主峰馏分，采用上述的鉴定方法对其氨基酸序列进行鉴定，登录号为NCBI数据库中的燕窝蛋白相关氨基酸序列进行比对，经鉴定实施例1～5制得的A、B、C和D四个馏分均相同。
如图2中，对比例1～5制得的燕窝多肽色谱峰采用相同的方法鉴定，结果对比例1制得的燕窝多肽主要具有与实施例1～5相同的馏分C和D，而馏分A和B的含量较低；而对比例2制得了主要馏分为E，对比例3制得了馏分F、G、H、I和J；对比例4得到了主要的馏分A和B；对比例5得到了主要的馏分D和K。具体的这些馏分的氨基酸序列如表1所示。
表1
A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I、J和K这11个馏分的多肽分别进行上述自由基活性检测，结果如表2所示。
表2
| 多肽 | DPPH清除率％ | 超氧阴离子自由基清除率％ | 羟自由基清除率％ |
| A | 63.21±1.35b | 47.18±1.16b | 65.34±2.72b |
| B | 72.52±3.08a | 43.07±2.34b | 75.37±5.21a |
| C | 69.23±2.42a | 46.24±0.87b | 73.15±3.14a |
| D | 65.08±1.86b | 52.34±1.56a | 70.53±4.01a |
| E | 3.58±0.35c | 4.32±0.26c | 7.83±0.17c |
| F | 61.43±2.28b | 41.43±2.28b | 67.23±5.15a |
| G | 7.04±0.19c | － | 7.32±0.22c |
| H | 5.38±0.19c | 2.13±0.07c | 5.46±0.12c |
| I | － | － | － |
| J | 7.04±0.19c | 3.45±0.14c | 7.53±0.08c |
| K | － | － | － |
表2列出了上述11个燕窝多肽体外抗氧化活性结果，其中，“－”表示未检出。由表2可知，A、B、C、D和F这四种燕窝多肽具有明显抗氧化活性，其他燕窝多肽并未表现出明显的抗氧化活性。
结合图1～2所示，采用本申请实施例1～7提供的方法，即对燕窝进行蒸煮后，采用在植物乳杆菌植物亚种进行发酵，并对发酵后发酵液进行酶解和纯化的步骤，能够得到比较全面的具有体外抗氧化的燕窝多肽，具有降其进一步应用于抗衰老的相关美容及化妆品领域的价值。
体外实验
为进一步验证本申请实施例提供的燕窝多肽的抗氧化性能，本申请进行了相关体外细胞实验。具体如下：
一、试剂与方法
1、相关试剂
人角质形成细胞(NHEK，货号BFN60808806，BLUEFBIOTM Product Sheet)，培养基为90％DMEM+10％FBS+1％三抗，购自ScienCell公司。
供试品：
本申请实施例提供了一种燕窝多肽组合物，包括具有如SEQ ID NO.1、如SEQ IDNO.2、SEQ ID NO.3、SEQ ID NO.4和如SEQ ID NO.6所示的氨基酸序列的多肽中的至少一种。
具体的，本申请实施例中，该燕窝多肽组合物按重量份包括A馏分的多肽0～20份、B馏分的多肽0～20份、C馏分的多肽0～20份、D馏分的多肽0～25份、F馏分的多肽0～25份以及100～150份水。其中，术语“份”仅指重量份，可以是任意重量，例1mg、10mg、100mg、1g、10g、100g或1kg等，不用来限定具体的重量，仅用以区分不同组分之间的重量。
为此，本申请在进行相同细胞实验时，所涉及的供试品溶液均参照上述的燕窝多肽组合物进行配制，具体配方如表3所示。
表3(重量份)
2、NHEK细胞毒性实验
本实验采用NHEK细胞为功效评价模型，测试供试品1～9的细胞毒性，筛选抗氧化功效测试剂量，具体实验过程如下：
将NHEK细胞在完全培养基中培养，细胞长到80％以上密度时，将细胞按1×105cells/mL密度接种于96孔板，每孔2mL，于37℃、5％CO2环境中培养过夜，去除培养液，添加新鲜培养液至2mL，同时添加各供试品1～9分别添加浓度1.0v/v％、2.0v/v％、5v/v％、10v/v％和50v/v％(具体如，每孔接种2mL的细胞液，1.0v/v％即为添加供试品溶液体积为20μL)作用于NHEK细胞，每个浓度做5个复孔，另设空白对照6孔，在5％CO2、37℃环境中孵育24h；再向每孔加入5mg/mL的噻唑兰溶液10μL，在5％CO2、37℃条件下孵育4h；去除培养液，每孔加入DMSO 150μL，避光孵育10分钟，混匀后用酶标仪在570nm和680nm波长下测定吸光值；按以下公式计算相对于空白组的相对细胞存活率：
相对细胞存活率(％)＝各孔(OD570－OD680)值/空白组(OD570－OD680)值均值×100％。
3、NHEK细胞ROS清除实验
本实验利用双氧水作用于NHEK细胞，使细胞产生氧化应激，然后测试样品对ROS的清除能力，评价样品的抗氧化活性。
NHEK细胞在完全培养基中培养，细胞长到80％以上密度时，将细胞按1×105cells/mL密度接种于96孔板，于37℃、5％CO2环境中培养过夜，去除培养液，将0.9mMH2O2作用于NHEK细胞，于37℃、5％CO2环境中培养24h，构建氧化应激型的衰老模型细胞，作为模型组；
取一部分模型组培养细胞，更换新鲜培养液，同时分别按浓度1.0v/v％、2.0v/v％、5v/v％、10v/v％和50v/v％添加各供试品1～9至培养孔中，每个浓度做5个复孔，另设空白对照5孔及阳性对照(2mg/mL维生素E)3孔，于37℃、5％CO2环境中培养24h，用倒置相差显微镜观察各组的NHEK细胞形态学变化；
去除培养液，按ROS检测试剂盒说明书指示，每孔加入100μL 10μM DCFH-DA(2',7'-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯，货号D6883，Sigma-Aldrich)，于37℃、5％CO2环境中培养20min；去除培养液，用DMEM洗涤细胞3次，用酶标仪在488nm激发波长和525nm发射波长下测定荧光值；按以下公式计算相对ROS水平：相对ROS水平(％)＝各孔荧光值/模型组荧光值均值×100％。
4、相关基因表达检测
取上述各组中5v/v％浓度干预的供试品1细胞培养孔，去除培养液，用PBS清洗一次后利用Trizol法提取mRNA；按照反转录试剂盒说明书的指示将mRNA反转录为cDNA，随后按照荧光定量PCR试剂盒说明书的指示检测基因表达情况，以2-ΔΔCt法相对定量基因表达量，所得结果表述为以GAPDH基因表达量进行矫正后的数据。
RT-PCR检测细胞中血红素加氧酶-1(heme oxygenase 1,HO-1)、还原型烟酞胺腺嘌吟二核苷酸磷酸醌氧化还原酶1(nad(p)h quinone dehydrogenase 1，NQOl)、谷氨酸-半胱氨酸连接酶催化亚基(glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit，GCLC)、谷氨酸-半胱氨酸连接酶调节亚基(glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit，GCLM)mRNA水平，引物设计及合成由上海生工生物工程技术服务有限公司完成，引物如表4所示。
表4
| 引物名称 | 序列 |
| Nrf2-F | tccaagtccagaagccaaactgac，如SEQ ID NO.12所示 |
| Nrf2-R | ggagaggatgctgctgaaggaatc，如SEQ ID NO.13所示 |
| HO-1-F | tgccagtgccaccaagttcaag，如SEQ ID NO.14所示 |
| HO-1-R | tgttgagcaggaacgcagtcttg，如SEQ ID NO.15所示 |
| NQOl-F | gtcggcagaagagcactgatcg，如SEQ ID NO.16所示 |
| NQOl-R | actccaccacctcccatcctttc，如SEQ ID NO.17所示 |
| GCLC-F | ctttctccccagacaggacc，如SEQ ID NO.18所示 |
| GCLC-R | caaggacgttctcaagtggg，如SEQ ID NO.19所示 |
| GCLM-F | tgctgtgtgatgccaccagatttg，如SEQ ID NO.20所示 |
| GCLM-R | gtgcgcttgaatgtcaggaatgc，如SEQ ID NO.21所示 |
| GAPDH-F | ggagcgagatccctccaaaat，如SEQ ID NO.22所示 |
| GAPDH-R | ggctgttgtcatacttctcatgg，如SEQ ID NO.23所示 |
二、结果
表5相对细胞存活率％
| 供试品 | 1.0v/v％ | 2.0v/v％ | 5v/v％ | 10v/v％ | 50v/v％ |
| 供试品1 | 125.4±0.4a | 123.8±0.7a | 124.6±0.8a | 116.2±0.4b | 83.5±0.6c |
| 供试品2 | 128.2±0.6a | 129.4±0.6a | 131.1±1.4a | 121.1±0.2b | 84.3±0.4c |
| 供试品3 | 126.3±0.9a | 127.7±0.8a | 125.9±0.7a | 114.3±0.5b | 82.7±0.7c |
| 供试品4 | 119.8±1.1b | 124.6±0.3a | 122.4±0.8a | 113.4±0.7c | 73.5±0.5d |
| 供试品5 | 116.7±1.4b | 119.4±1.5a | 120.5±0.7a | 112.2±0.6c | 75.8±1.2d |
| 供试品6 | 131.8±0.8a | 128.6±0.6a | 130.4±1.1a | 110.4±1.2c | 79.4±0.5d |
| 供试品7 | 129.4±1.7a | 127.5±1.2a | 128.3±1.4a | 113.2±0.5b | 73.6±1.4c |
| 供试品8 | 121.4±0.8a | 123.2±0.7a | 122.2±0.4a | 106.5±0.8b | 75.2±0.9c |
| 供试品9 | 119.3±0.7a | 115.8±0.4a | 115.2±0.7a | 104.7±0.5b | 74.3±0.5c |
表5列出了供试品1～9对NHEK细胞的MTT法测定的细胞毒性，经过对每一供试品在不同浓度下的相对细胞存活率进行多重显著性(表5的每行)比较发现，供试品1～9在浓度达到10v/v％时，相对细胞存活率显著降低，而达到50v/v％时，相对细胞存活率低于100％，由此说明，各供试品1～9在24h时对NHEK细胞存活率的影响呈明显剂量依赖效果，并且对其无明显毒性。
进一步地，本申请利用双氧水处理NHEK细胞，构建氧化应激型的衰老模型细胞，通过倒置相差显微镜观察各组的NHEK细胞形态学变化。如图3～5所示，对照组细胞形态近似梭形或多角形，边缘清晰，树突多。模型组细胞形态略偏椭圆形或圆形，边缘模糊，贴壁细胞数量减少。而使用供试品1～9干预NHEK细胞后，细胞形态在一定程度上得到恢复。
表6相对ROS水平％
表6列处了供试品1～9对NHEK细胞的氧化应激衰老细胞的干预结果，对每一供试品在不同浓度下的相对ROS水平进行多重显著性比较(表6的每行)发现，供试品1～9在1～5v/v％的浓度增长期间，其相对ROS水平均显著降低，而当其浓度增加至10v/v％以上时，其相对ROS水平降低趋势不够显著，说明本申请实施例提供的燕窝多肽组合物干预氧化应激衰老细胞，对其ROS清楚效果存在剂量依赖性。并且，对不同供试品1～9比较发现，供试品6和7对氧化应激衰老细胞的ROS清楚效果最佳。
表7相关基因mRNA水平
由表7列出了各组细胞的相关基因mRNA水平，并对每列数据进行多重比较和显著性差异标记。结果可知，与空白组相比，模型组细胞的各基因mRNA水平均显著降低，说明造模成功，而阳性对照组虽然对其Nrf2基因mRNA水平有显著提升作用，但是其他基因转录水平无明显改变，说明其作用有限。
而干预组中，供试品1～9干预后，NHEK细胞各基因mRNA水平均显著提升，说明供试品1～9提供的燕窝多肽及其组合物对氧化应激NHEK细胞的相关抑制基因起到了激活作用。其中，Nrf2是保护细胞免受氧化损伤的关键转录因子，氧化应激时，Nrf2与伴侣蛋白解偶联并快速转移入核，与细胞内的抗氧化反应元件结合，启动下游抗氧化基因HO-1,NQO1,GCLC与GCLM的表达，提高细胞对氧化损伤的抵抗性。由此可见，本申请实施例提供的燕窝多肽及其组合物不仅在体外具有极强的抗氧化活性，可直接清除活性氧簇，激活Nrf2/HO-1通路，发挥抗氧化信号通路作用，具有抗衰老的潜在功效。
动物实验
1、实验动物
昆明小鼠，货号CS-003，辽宁长生生物，9～12周龄；25℃，40％湿度，饲养。
2、供试品
本申请进一步提供了一种抗衰老的化妆品，包括燕窝多肽1～5份、熊果苷0.1～0.5份、乙酰化透明质酸钠0.1～2份、月桂酞肌氨酸异丙酯0.1～0.5份、聚乙二醇-14M 0.1～0.4份、1,2-戊二醇0.1～0.5份、PEG-100硬脂酸酯15～25份、水20～35份。
为此，本实验过程中，以上述化妆品作为供试品，仅对其中的燕窝多肽含量进行改变，其他组方配比不变。由此，本试验中使用的供试品包括燕窝多肽3.5份、熊果苷0.25份、乙酰化透明质酸钠1.5份、月桂酞肌氨酸异丙酯0.3份、聚乙二醇-14M 0.3份、1,2-戊二醇0.25份、PEG-100硬脂酸酯20份和水22份。可将采用常规方法进行多相混合后，乳化，制得的该供试品为一种抗衰老美白乳制品。具体的供试品中使用的燕窝多肽参照表3所示。
3、建立光老化模型小鼠
给小鼠背部涂脱毛膏(硫化钠、肥皂粉、淀粉以3:2:14比例混合，加以温水调匀成糊状)，毛发变色后冲水脱毛，形成一个无毛区3cm2左右作为光照的模型区。将UVA、UVB灯管间距5cm并列悬置于小鼠背部裸露皮肤正上方30cm处，采用隔日照射方式，实验第1～4周每日照射2h，第5～6周照射2.5h，第7～8周照射3h。计算总照射剂量为:UVA 10.6J/cm2，UVB146mJ/cm2，即可。
4、分组实验干预
取部分未进行造模的正常小鼠作为正常组。将光老化的模型小鼠分为模型组、阳性组和干预组。模型组小鼠不处理。阳性组小鼠于实验第8周后每日涂抹市售抗衰老美白化妆品(雅诗兰黛胶原霜)，每日涂抹2mL，连续涂抹2周。干预组于实验第8周后每日涂抹上述的供试品，每日涂抹2mL，连续涂抹2周。
脱颈处死各组下小鼠，取模型区皮肤组织，制作石蜡切片，HE染色，并且对新鲜的模型区皮肤组织进行匀浆、离心后，利用试剂盒(北京索莱宝)检测其中SOD活力和MDA含量。
5、结果
紫外线照射后，模型组小鼠皮肤干燥、粗糙，呈皮革样，皮沟明显，色素沉着明显。各干预组皮肤均较光滑、细腻，无明显皮沟，偶可见动态性皱纹，无明显色素沉着。
如图6所示，正常组小鼠的皮肤厚度适中，表皮结构完整，可见轻度角化，真皮层结构致密，胶原纤维沿皮面方向排列均匀，细长且均一，真皮内腺体分布均匀。而如图7所示，光老化模型小鼠的表皮显著增厚，厚薄不一，角化过度，真皮层厚度明显降低，结构紊乱，可见肿胀、排列紊乱的胶原纤维，均质化，真皮内的毛囊增生，腺体排列紊乱。
如图8所示，阳性组小鼠的表皮结构完整，角质层稍增厚，真皮厚度显著增加，结构较致密，波浪状纤维组织有序排列，新生胶原纤维细长且排列较规整，腺体排列较均匀。如图9所示，干预组小鼠的表皮层变薄但结构完整，真皮层厚度显著增加，结构致密，新生胶原纤维旱细长波浪状平行排列，均一且规整，腺体排列较均匀。由此说明，阳性组和干预组分别施用阳性对照品和本申请实施例提供的抗衰老美白乳，均对小鼠光老化皮肤损伤和老化起到修复作用。
进一步的，本申请还对各组小鼠皮肤中SOD和MDA活力进行检测。
表8
由表8可知，与正常组相比，模型组小鼠皮肤组织中SOD活性降低，而MDA含量升高，代表造模成功，小鼠皮肤发生了老化。与模型组相比，阳性组小鼠皮肤组织的SOD活力有所提升，而MDA含量有所下降。而干预组中，小鼠皮肤组织的SOD活力不仅显著高于模型组，也显著高于正常组和阳性组；并且其MDA含量均显著低于模型组。由此说明，以本申请实施例提供的燕窝多肽及其组合物制得的抗衰老美白乳不仅能够修复光老化小鼠皮肤组织中SOD活力，降低MDA含量，而且其修复效果远优于阳性组中的现有美白乳，具有非常突出的抗衰老修复效果。
综上所述，本申请将燕窝作为一种营养原料，利用植物乳杆菌对其进行发酵，并对发酵后的发酵液进行酶解处理，经纯化和鉴定发现，得到的多肽化合物显著不低于直接将燕窝进行酶解的多肽化合物。本申请对这些多肽及其组合物进行体外清除自由基活性检测发现，其均具有显著清除自由基活性。
进一步通过体外实验证实，该燕窝多肽及其组合物对人角质形成细胞无毒性，并具有清除该细胞氧化应激的损伤修复作用。进一步通过动物实验证实，以该燕窝多肽及其组合物具有对小鼠光老化皮肤损伤和老化起到修复作用，具有广泛的应用于抗衰老相关化妆品的前景。
以上所述，仅为本申请较佳的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。
序列表
<110> 魏珂
<120> 燕窝多肽组合物、其制备方法及其在抗衰老美白中的应用
<141> 2022-12-29
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Claims (10)
1.一种燕窝多肽组合物，包括具有如SEQ ID NO.1、如SEQ ID NO.2、SEQ ID NO.3、SEQID NO.4和如SEQ ID NO.6所示的氨基酸序列的多肽中的至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燕窝多肽组合物，其特征在于，包括如SEQ ID NO.1、SEQ IDNO.2、SEQ ID NO.3和SEQ ID NO.4所示的多肽中的至少两种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的燕窝多肽组合物，其特征在于，包括如SEQ ID NO.1、SEQ IDNO.2、SEQ ID NO.3、SEQ ID NO.4和SEQ ID NO.6所示的氨基酸序列的五种多肽。
4.一种抗衰老化妆品组合物，包括权利要求1～3任一项所述的燕窝多肽组合物以及化妆品学上可接受的配料。
5.权利要求1～3任一项所述的燕窝多肽组合物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
获得经处理的燕窝冻干粉和包含有植物乳杆菌的工作种子液；
获得种子液，所述种子液由所述工作种子液接种至种子培养基经培养得到，所述种子培养基包含不低于1wt％的所述燕窝冻干粉；
获得发酵液，所述发酵液由所述种子液接种至发酵培养基经发酵得到，所述发酵培养基包含2～5wt％的所述燕窝冻干粉；
对所述发酵液进行絮凝、酶解和纯化，即可制得所述燕窝多肽组合物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述种子培养基为包含1～2.5％w/v的燕窝冻干粉的MRS培养基；所述发酵培养接为包括2～5％w/v的燕窝冻干粉和4～6％w/v的葡萄糖的MRS培养基。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述酶解的步骤包括：
向絮凝处理后的上清液，冷冻干燥后，得到冻干粉；
将冻干粉溶解于PBS缓冲液中，同时向缓冲体系中加入木瓜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶，37℃处理2h，能够得到含有小分子量的多肽的酶解液。
8.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述酶解的步骤中，所述冻干粉在缓冲体系中的初始浓度为15～20mg/mL。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述酶解过程中，所述木瓜蛋白酶和所述胰蛋白酶的初始浓度分别为所述冻干粉质量的1.0～1.5％和0.5～0.7％。
10.权利要求1～3任一项所述的燕窝多肽组合物或权利要求5～9任一项所述的制备方法制得的燕窝多肽组合物在制备抗衰老美白化妆品中的应用。
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| CN117100671B (zh) * | 2023-09-12 | 2024-05-14 | 湖南道和生物制药有限公司 | 一种保湿、抗衰老面膜及制备方法 |
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