CN116114595A - Artificial cross breeding technology for water spinach - Google Patents
Artificial cross breeding technology for water spinach Download PDFInfo
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- CN116114595A CN116114595A CN202310237902.6A CN202310237902A CN116114595A CN 116114595 A CN116114595 A CN 116114595A CN 202310237902 A CN202310237902 A CN 202310237902A CN 116114595 A CN116114595 A CN 116114595A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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Abstract
The invention relates to a water spinach artificial hybridization breeding technology, in particular to a new breeding technology for breeding parents and artificial mating of water spinach; the breeding technology is as follows: step 1: female parent breeding, step 2: male parent breeding, step 3: and (4) combined configuration, namely: artificial pollination mating, step 5: and (6) controlling the quantity of the pollen-feeding torpedo, and cultivating. The adaptability test result of the breeding technology can be cultivated in spring, summer and autumn in the southern area of China, and can be planted in a greenhouse in spring sowing in the north and in open field in summer in the north.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a water spinach artificial hybridization breeding technology, in particular to a new water spinach breeding parent and artificial mating breeding technology.
Background
The water spinach is one of leaf vegetables mainly cultivated in spring, summer and autumn in south China. In recent years, along with the continuous expansion of the cultivation area of the greenhouse and the open field water spinach and the continuous improvement of the cultivation technology, the selection and the requirements on the water spinach variety are also higher and higher. The conventional water spinach variety is seriously degenerated, the water spinach variety belongs to the sweet potato family and the Convolvulaceae, is a special plant type for self-pollination, brings about cross breeding work and is difficult for breeders, so the water spinach variety has the phenomena of few varieties, low germination rate, easy aging of later stem and leaf, gradual decline of resistance and the like, and seriously influences the production benefit and market competitiveness of the water spinach. Thus, innovation of innovation is urgently needed, but the searching is known to be that no solution is found yet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water spinach artificial cross breeding technology, which is realized by the following technical scheme:
step 1: female parent breeding is performed,
step 2: the male parent is used for breeding,
step 3: in a combined configuration,
step 4: the artificial pollination and mating are carried out,
step 5: the quantity of the powder-feeding torpedo is controlled,
and step 6, cultivation.
The inventor researches for many years, and finally, the artificial cross breeding technology of the water spinach, in particular to a novel breeding technology of water spinach breeding parents and artificial mating, which is the initiative of water spinach variety breeding in China. The advantages of the new species bred by the technology are obvious: the F1 variety bred by the technology is tested and compared with the prior art: the yield is high, the mu yield of the conventional (OP) variety is 1500kg, the mu yield of the newly bred artificial hybridization (F1) variety is 2300kg, the yield is obviously increased by 53.3%, and the income of peasants is greatly increased; resistance and quality control: the conventional (OP) variety has the defects of drowning resistance, low seed germination rate, low net vegetable rate of commodity vegetables, poor disease resistance, easy aging, poor lodging resistance, short shelf life, difficult planting, light taste of water spinach, poor quality and the like; the newly bred artificial hybridization (F1) has the advantages of high disease resistance, strong seed germination, high vegetable cleaning rate, high lodging resistance, long shelf life, difficult aging, rich water spinach taste, sweet and broken taste, wide adaptability and the like; breaks through the new technology, and mainly solves the main problems of few varieties, low germination rate, easy aging of stems and leaves, serious decline of resistance, low production benefit of water spinach and poor market competitiveness of water spinach in China.
The artificial cross breeding technology of the water spinach is as follows:
description of the embodiments
The invention is further illustrated below in connection with specific examples. But not limiting of the invention.
Examples
The artificial mating and breeding steps of the water spinach are as follows:
step 1: a female parent S-015 breeding method includes such steps as removing the mixed plant from the nursery of local variety of water spinach (selfing line), picking up the stem of single plant, making it become light green, making it become thicker, making it become white, making it become fine and stable, and making it become female parent.
1.1 female parent name and breeding procedure: the name of the swamp cabbage is that the process of S1-2017 is that the mixed plant is removed, and leaves are selected to be light green; the stem is slightly thick and light green, and the white single plant of the swamp cabbage with the left and right branches of the main stem is reserved;
s2, a 2018 process is carried out, the mixed plants are continuously removed, leaves are selected and reserved to be light green, stems are slightly thick and light green, left and right side branches of a main stem are uniform (short in fork), and white single plants are reserved;
s3, a 2019 process is carried out, the mixed plants are continuously removed, leaves are selected and reserved to be light green, stems are slightly thick and light green, left and right side branches of a main stem are uniform (short in fork), and white single plants are reserved;
s4-2020, performing multipoint comprehensive test and determining combination through nine places and markets in Fujian province;
s5, 2021, continuing a comprehensive multipoint variety comparison test, and determining the success of the coordination force; the formal name of the female parent in 2022 is S-015.
Step 2: the breeding method of the male parent D-016 is similar to that of the female parent in the mountain area of Fuzhou city in spring 2017. Removing the mixed plant from the Guangdong Da She Wengcai nursery, selecting the excellent single plant with thick and strong stem, yellow and white color, large leaf and yellow and green color, purifying and rejuvenating for five years (5 generations), and breeding to obtain the excellent stable inbred line serving as a male parent.
2.1 father name and breeding procedure: the name, guangdong da She Wengcai,
s1, removing mixed plants in 2017, and selecting excellent single plants with thick stems, yellow and white colors, large leaves and yellow and green colors for seed reservation;
s2, a 2018 process is carried out, the mixed plants are removed continuously, and excellent single plants with thick stems, yellow and white colors, large leaves and yellow and green colors are selected for seed reservation;
s3, a 2019 process is carried out, the mixed plants are removed continuously, and excellent single plants with thick stems, yellow and white colors, large leaves and yellow and green colors are selected for seed reservation;
s4-2020, performing multipoint comprehensive test and determining combination through nine places and markets in Fujian province;
s5, 2021, continuing a comprehensive multipoint variety comparison test, and determining the success of the coordination force; the name of the official father in 2022 is D-016.
Step 3: the combination configuration method is that the 'Zhongshu No. 8' is a new offspring F1 variety hybridized by taking an inbred line S015 as a female parent and an inbred line D016 as a male parent.
Step 4: the artificial pollination mating method comprises the following steps:
4.1, ridging in a single row, wherein the plant spacing is 80 cm, the width of the ditch bottom is 60 cm, and the ridge width is 70 cm;
4.2, a stem climbing method, wherein three bamboo stems are planted in each plant, and the bamboo stems form triangles and plants are planted in the middle;
4.3, sowing time, 5-6 months at the bottom of 5 months, and sowing each combination for 5-10 days.
4.4, the number of the combined plants, and each combination (father and mother) is respectively planted with 30 plants.
4.5, pulling out the flower buds by an artificial pollination technology, wherein when the flower buds are formed by both the female parent and the male parent, the flower buds are not opened; step 1: the method comprises the steps of (1) cutting out 2 male flower columns from the outer She Baokai of the flower buds, namely a central flower column, adopting sterilized pointed tweezers in the flower buds, reserving 2 female flower columns, and enabling the female flower columns not to be damaged, wherein the step 2 is as follows: and (5) taking male flower columns of the male parent and performing artificial pollination on female flower columns of the female parent.
Step 5: controlling the number of the powder-feeding torpedoes:
5.1, reserving 20 flower buds of each plant, cutting off all other inflorescences, controlling the plant height to be 1.5m, and sharpening the tail part, so that the plant nutrition is returned, and the plant is male and strong.
5.2, the cards are hung in the combination mode, the cards are inserted in the combination mode by code numbers in color, the cards are hung in the color of the cards in the combination mode after pollination of each flower bud, the green cards are hung in the combination mode 1, the blue cards are hung in the combination mode 2, and the yellow cards are hung in the combination mode 3.
5.3 pollination time, beginning at the occurrence of the torpedo, beginning pollination at 6 hours in the morning and ending pollination at about 9 hours before coming out of the sun, wherein the pollination period is about 20-25 days, depending on the flowering period and the flower number, but not in the rainy days.
5.4, bagging after each flower pollinates, hanging the cards.
And 5.5, harvesting seeds, namely, harvesting 1, 2 and 3 when the seeds turn yellow and black.
Step 6, cultivation technique
6.1 soil preparation and fertilization: applying 1500kg of decomposed organic fertilizer or 55kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu, fully mixing with soil, and forming ridges with the height of 18cm and the furrow width of 120cm.
6.2 seed soaking and germination accelerating technology: soaking water spinach seeds in warm water at 40 ℃ for 30 minutes, soaking the water spinach seeds in clean water for 20 hours, fishing out and cleaning the water spinach seeds, accelerating germination at 22 ℃, keeping the water spinach seeds moist during the accelerating germination, flushing the water spinach seeds for 1 time every day, and sowing the water spinach seeds when 50% of the water spinach seeds are exposed.
6.3 seedling raising technology: the seed amount per mu is 3kg, and the seed is sowed, and the seed is covered with fine soil for 0.8cm after sowing.
6.4, field planting points: planting can be carried out when three leaves are in one heart, the plant row spacing is 4cm multiplied by 6cm, and watering is carried out after planting to accelerate seedling reviving.
6.5 fertilizer and water management: keeping the furrow surface moist, and when 3-4 true leaves exist in the seedlings, mixing 15kg of compound fertilizer with 2kg of urea for application.
6.6 pest control: damping-off and stem rot of main diseases of water spinach in seedling stage are caused by low air temperature and overlarge relative humidity, and diseases can be relieved by reducing the humidity, so that the water spinach can be prevented and treated by using toxamyces or karst general; the main insect pests include mites and red spiders, and can be controlled by using the tetranychus or the caducine.
6.7, harvesting: harvesting after sowing in spring and autumn in south area for 25-35 days, harvesting after sowing in summer for 18-22 days, and harvesting when the water spinach plants grow to 30cm high. The spring in northern areas should be planted in protected areas.
New variety F1 variety test
The variety area test is carried out in 9 areas of Fuzhou Minhou, sanming Min Le county, zhangzhou city, guangzhou city, south Ping Shaowu, xiamen city, ningde banana city, longyan Xinluo area, spring state jin Jiang and the like in 2021-2022, the variety test is carried out, the character is stable, the quality is good, the yield is high, and the new variety of water spinach is formally named as 'Zhongshu 8' in 2023.
Variety specificity test results, "loyalty vegetable number 8": paper-based blades, the whole edges of which are not split, have long egg-shaped needle-like blades, and are green; the main stem of the stem is thick, pale green and white, and branches are short and thick; white.
And the variety consistency test result shows that 10000 plants are observed in 9 areas of Fuzhou Minhou, sanming Ding Le county, zhangzhou Qing city, nan Ping Shaowu, xiamen city, ningde banana city, longyan Xinluo region, quanzhou jin Jiang and the like in 2021, 4 months to 2022, 10 months, no variant plants are found, and the performance is consistent.
And the test result of the variety stability shows that 10000 strains are observed in 9 areas of Fuzhou Minhou, sanming Le county, zhangzhou city, south Ping Shaowu, xiamen city, ningde banana city, longyan Xinluo region, spring state jin Jiang and the like in 2021, 4 months to 2022 and 10 months, and the biological property is stable.
The adaptability test result of the variety can be cultivated in spring, summer and autumn in the southern area of China, and can be planted in a greenhouse in spring sowing in the north and in open field in summer in the north.
Claims (2)
1. The artificial cross breeding technology for water spinach is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: female parent breeding is performed,
step 2: the male parent is used for breeding,
step 3: in a combined configuration,
step 4: the artificial pollination and mating are carried out,
step 5: the quantity of the powder-feeding torpedo is controlled,
and step 6, cultivation.
2. The water spinach artificial cross breeding technology according to claim 1, wherein the water spinach artificial cross breeding technology is as follows:
step 1: the female parent breeding method includes the steps of removing mixed plants from a nursery garden of a local variety of swamp cabbages (inbred lines), adopting a single-plant stem climbing method, selecting and reserving swamp cabbages with light green leaves, thicker and light green stems, uniform left and right side branches of a main stem and short two sides, white flowers, carrying out single-plant numbering, hanging and seed reserving, purifying and rejuvenating after five years (5 generations), and selecting and culturing excellent stable inbred lines as female parents;
1.1 female parent name and breeding procedure:
s1, removing the mixed plant, and selecting and reserving light green leaves; the stem is slightly thick and light green, and the white single plant of the swamp cabbage with the left and right branches of the main stem is reserved;
s2, continuously removing the hybrid plants, selecting and reserving single plants with light green leaves, slightly thick stems and light green leaves, and uniformly (short branches) left and right side branches of a main stem, and white flowers for seed reserving;
s3, continuously removing the hybrid plants, selecting and reserving single plants with light green leaves, slightly thick stems and light green leaves, and uniformly (short branches) left and right side branches of a main stem, and white flowers for seed reserving;
s4, performing multi-point comprehensive test and determining combination;
s5, continuing a comprehensive multi-point variety comparison test, and measuring the combination force;
step 2: the male parent breeding method is the same as the female parent: removing hybrid plants from a nursery, selecting excellent single plants which are thick in stems, yellow and white in color, large in leaves and yellow and green, purifying and rejuvenating for five years (5 generations), and breeding to obtain excellent stable inbred lines serving as male parents;
2.1 male parent breeding procedure:
s1, removing the mixed plants, and selecting excellent single plants with thick stems, yellow and white colors, large leaves and yellow and green colors for seed reservation;
s2, continuously removing the mixed plants, and selecting excellent single plants with thick stems, yellow and white colors, large leaves and yellow and green colors for seed reservation;
s3, continuously removing the mixed plants, and selecting excellent single plants with thick stems, yellow and white colors, large leaves and yellow and green colors for seed reservation;
s4, performing multi-point comprehensive test and determining combination;
s5, continuing a comprehensive multi-point variety comparison test, and measuring the combination force;
step 3: the combined configuration method is to use the inbred line as a female parent and the inbred line as a male parent to hybridize to form a new offspring variety;
step 4: the artificial pollination mating method comprises the following steps:
4.1, ridging in a single row, wherein the plant spacing is 80 cm, the width of the ditch bottom is 60 cm, and the ridge width is 70 cm;
4.2, a stem climbing method, wherein three bamboo stems are planted in each plant, and the bamboo stems form triangles and plants are planted in the middle;
4.3, sowing time, 5-6 months at the bottom of 5 months, and sowing each combination for 5-10 days;
4.4, the number of combined plants, wherein each combined (father and mother) is respectively planted with 30 plants;
4.5, pulling out the flower buds by an artificial pollination technology, wherein when the flower buds are formed by both the female parent and the male parent, the flower buds are not opened;
step 1: the outer She Baokai of the flower bud is seen as a central flower column, 2 male flower columns are sheared out of the flower bud by adopting sterilized pointed tweezers, 2 female flower columns are reserved, the female flower columns cannot be damaged,
step 2: taking male flower columns of male parent and artificial pollination is carried out on female flower columns of female parent;
step 5: controlling the number of the powder-feeding torpedoes:
5.1, reserving 20 flower buds of each plant, cutting off all other inflorescences, controlling the plant height to be 1.5m, and sharpening the tail part, wherein the plant nutrition is sufficiently returned, and the plant is male;
5.2, combining the cards, inserting the cards in different colors according to code numbers for each combination, pollinating each bud, and then hanging the cards in different colors, namely, a 1-combination green card, a 2-combination blue card and a 3-combination yellow card;
5.3, pollination is started at the occurrence of the torpedo, pollination is started at 6 hours in the morning every day, pollination is ended about 9 hours before the torpedo comes out, the pollination period is about 20-25 days, and the pollination period is dependent on the flowering period and the flower number, but the pollination is not carried out in overcast and rainy days;
5.4, bagging after each flower pollinates, hanging the cards and bagging;
5.5, harvesting seeds, namely, grouping and harvesting the seeds one by one when the seeds turn yellow and black;
step 6, cultivation technique
6.1 soil preparation and fertilization: applying 1500kg of decomposed organic fertilizer or 55kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu, fully mixing with soil, and forming ridges with the height of 18cm and the furrow width of 120cm;
6.2 seed soaking and germination accelerating technology: soaking water spinach seeds in warm water at 40 ℃ for 30 minutes, soaking the water spinach seeds in clean water for 20 hours, fishing out and cleaning the water spinach seeds, then accelerating germination at 22 ℃, keeping the water spinach seeds moist during the accelerating germination, flushing the water spinach seeds for 1 time every day, and sowing the water spinach seeds when 50% of the water spinach seeds are exposed;
6.3 seedling raising technology: sowing with the seed amount of 3kg per mu, and covering 0.8cm with fine soil after sowing;
6.4, field planting points: planting can be performed when three leaves are in one heart, plant row spacing is 4cm multiplied by 6cm, and watering is performed after planting to accelerate seedling reviving;
6.5 fertilizer and water management: keeping the furrow surface moist, and when 3-4 true leaves exist in the seedlings, mixing 15kg of compound fertilizer with 2kg of urea for application;
6.6 pest control: damping-off and stem rot of main diseases of water spinach in seedling stage are caused by low air temperature and overlarge relative humidity, and diseases can be relieved by reducing the humidity, so that the water spinach can be prevented and treated by using toxamyces or karst general; the main insect pests include mites and red spiders, and can be controlled by using the tetranychus cinnabarinus or the carboxin;
6.7, harvesting: harvesting after sowing in spring and autumn in the south area for 25-35 days, harvesting after sowing in summer for 18-22 days, and harvesting when the water spinach plants grow to 30cm high, wherein the spring in the north area is planted in a protected area.
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| CN110547190A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2019-12-10 | 福建超大现代种业有限公司 | Breeding method of water spinach seeds |
| CN111387052A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-10 | 万农高科集团有限公司 | Breeding method and planting method of water spinach |
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2023
- 2023-03-14 CN CN202310237902.6A patent/CN116114595A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09322667A (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1997-12-16 | Toyota Motor Corp | Transduction of gene into ipomoea aquatica |
| CN106416999A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2017-02-22 | 万农高科股份有限公司 | Water spinach selection breeding method and planting method thereof |
| CN106718894A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-05-31 | 重庆市农业科学院 | A kind of water wine dish tissue-culturing rapid propagation system |
| CN110547190A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2019-12-10 | 福建超大现代种业有限公司 | Breeding method of water spinach seeds |
| CN111387052A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-10 | 万农高科集团有限公司 | Breeding method and planting method of water spinach |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| MITAL N. MANVAR等: "PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF IPOMOEA AQUATICA", INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, vol. 67, no. 3, pages 49 - 60 * |
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