CN116082085B - Sustained-release gel silicon fertilizer for improving shellfish survival rate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Sustained-release gel silicon fertilizer for improving shellfish survival rate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116082085B CN116082085B CN202310137372.8A CN202310137372A CN116082085B CN 116082085 B CN116082085 B CN 116082085B CN 202310137372 A CN202310137372 A CN 202310137372A CN 116082085 B CN116082085 B CN 116082085B
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- silicon fertilizer
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 title description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000237516 Mizuhopecten yessoensis Species 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009364 mariculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 79
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 28
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 description 11
- 241000237503 Pectinidae Species 0.000 description 11
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 9
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 241000206761 Bacillariophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000002339 Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012612 static experiment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000237509 Patinopecten sp. Species 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010410 calcium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000648 calcium alginate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002681 calcium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L calcium;(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxy-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxylato-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Ca+2].O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O2)C([O-])=O)O)[C@H](C(O)=O)O1 OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010020880 Hypertrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003631 expected effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012625 in-situ measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/18—Semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. foams or gels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a slow-release gel silicon fertilizer for improving the survival rate of shellfish and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of mariculture. The slow-release gel silicon fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials of sodium silicate, gelatinized starch and sodium alginate in a mass ratio of 4-8:1:1, wherein the sodium silicate, the gelatinized starch and the sodium alginate are mixed, water is added and stirred to obtain wet powder, the wet powder is pressed and molded, air-dried, then impregnated with a calcium chloride solution, taken out and stood, and the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer for improving the survival rate of shellfish is obtained. The application utilizes the gel reaction between sodium alginate and calcium chloride, prepares the easily-dissolved silicon fertilizer into the slow-release gel fertilizer through the pressing and dipping processes, has the advantages of long slow-release time, high temperature resistance, environmental protection and the like, can fully adjust the concentration and proportion of nutrient salts in the shellfish culture sea area, increases beneficial bait microalgae in seawater, and improves the survival rate of shellfish.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a slow-release gel silicon fertilizer for improving the survival rate of shellfish and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of mariculture.
Background
Patinopecten yessoensis (Patinopecten yessoensis) has delicious taste, high nutritive value and good economic benefit due to hypertrophy of adductor muscles, and is popular with vast consumers and breeding units. Patinopecten yessoensis is a cold water shellfish, the growth temperature is in a proper range of 5-23 ℃, the salinity is in a proper range of 24-40, the patinopecten yessoensis is distributed in coastal areas with higher salinity, no fresh water is injected, the substrate is hard, the silt is less, and the water depth is not more than 40 m. In recent years, the phenomena of quality degradation, even large-scale death, such as long stagnation, low fullness, small specification and the like, of mariculture shellfish are common, and become an important factor for limiting the sustainable development of marine fishery. At present, patinopecten yessoensis cultivation is still carried out by eating natural microalgae baits. The development of the variety, the number and the size of the bait microalgae (diatom) is an energy basis and health care of bivalve shellfish, the development of the variety, the number and the size of the bait microalgae (diatom) has great influence on the healthy growth and survival of the shellfish, and microalgae with small particle size and low nutrition are unfavorable for the nutrition storage and healthy growth of the bivalve shellfish.
In addition, the reduction of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon in a culture area can obviously influence the growth of natural microalgae baits, and shellfish culture enterprises and farmers usually adopt a mode of adding agricultural fertilizers or natural organic fertilizers (chicken manure and the like) and the like to increase the concentration of the nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon in seawater. However, in open water bodies such as shellfish buoyant raft culture and the like, the fluidity and the exchange of the water body are extremely strong, the water-soluble silicon fertilizer is added, the water-soluble silicon fertilizer can be quickly taken away along with the flow of the seawater water body, the insoluble inorganic silicon fertilizer is generally easy to settle to the bottom of a sea area, and the improvement of the silicon nutrient elements in the sea area of the shellfish buoyant raft culture area is limited in practice, and even has no effect in many cases. Organic fertilizers (chicken manure and the like) are generally applied in a hanging bag mode in shellfish floating raft culture, but the organic fertilizers such as chicken manure and the like are easy to breed bacteria, and particularly the total number of bacteria in a water body of a culture sea area exceeds the standard in a high-temperature period in summer, so that serious adverse effects are brought to shellfish green culture industry.
The application patent with application number 202110834637.0, namely a method for improving survival rate of patinopecten yessoensis in raft culture, presses algae powder, lactobacillus, inorganic salt, starch and other components into bait blocks according to a certain proportion, and provides a beneficial thought for increasing beneficial bait microalgae in seawater in a shellfish floating raft culture area and improving culture benefits. However, the implementation mode of the bait blocks is basically to hang bags on the buoyant raft, the application mode is limited, and in addition, the main components of the bait blocks are organic algae in a high-temperature period, so that the bait blocks are easy to rot in a region with higher culture density under the influence of factors such as high temperature, oxygen deficiency and the like, and the use effect is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer for improving the survival rate of shellfish and the preparation method thereof, and the growth of beneficial bait microalgae (diatom) in seawater is promoted by exogenously supplementing nutrition elements such as inorganic silicon, so that the problem of lack of beneficial bait in a shellfish culture area is solved, the immunity and the growth rate of shellfish are enhanced, the survival rate is improved, and the healthy and sustainable development of shellfish culture industry is promoted.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following solutions:
the application provides a slow-release gel silicon fertilizer for improving the survival rate of shellfish, which comprises the following raw materials of sodium silicate, gelatinized starch and sodium alginate in a mass ratio of 4-8:1:1.
Further, the shellfish is patinopecten yessoensis.
The application provides a preparation method of the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer for improving the survival rate of shellfish, which comprises the following steps:
mixing raw materials of sodium silicate, gelatinized starch and sodium alginate according to the mass ratio, adding water, stirring to obtain wet powder, holding the stirred wet powder, preferably pinching and scattering slightly hard, pressing the wet powder to form a silicon fertilizer block, air-drying the silicon fertilizer block, soaking the silicon fertilizer block in a calcium chloride solution, taking out, and standing to obtain the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer for improving the shellfish survival rate.
Further, the feed liquid ratio of the raw materials to water is (3-5) kg: (400-800) mL.
Further, the stirring time is 30-120s.
Further, the pressing time of the pressing forming is 5.0-9.5s, and the pressing thickness is 0.8-2.5cm.
Further, the air drying time is 1-48h, and the standing time is 120-144h.
Further, the mass fraction of the calcium chloride solution is 3% -6%.
Further, the time of the impregnation is 4-24 hours.
The application discloses the following technical effects:
under acidic conditions, -COO on sodium alginate － Changing into-COOH, decreasing ionization degree, decreasing hydrophilicity of sodium alginate, shrinking molecular chain, increasing pH value, continuously dissociating-COOH group, increasing hydrophilicity of sodium alginate, and stretching molecular chain. Thus, sodium alginate has a pronounced pH sensitivity. Sodium alginate can rapidly form gel under extremely mild conditions, and has Ca 2+ 、Sr 2+ Na on G unit in the presence of plasma cation + Ion exchange reaction with divalent cations occurs, and G units are piled up to form a cross-linked network structure, so that hydrogel is formed.
The application utilizes the gel reaction between sodium alginate and calcium chloride, and prepares the easily-dissolved silicon fertilizer into the slow-release gel fertilizer block through the pressing and dipping processes, and compared with the traditional easily-soluble agricultural silicon fertilizer, the poorly-soluble inorganic silicon fertilizer or the natural organic fertilizer and the organic algae bait slow-release block, the slow-release gel fertilizer prepared by the application has the advantages of long slow-release time, high temperature resistance, environmental protection and the like, can fully adjust the concentration and proportion of nutrient salts in shellfish culture sea areas, increases beneficial bait microalgae (diatom) in seawater, and improves the survival rate of shellfish.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a powder mixer used in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a hydraulic briquetting machine used in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the silicon fertilizer block of example 1 of the present application air-dried on an air-drying tray after pressing;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of an impregnation tank used in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the process of air-drying the slow release gel silicon fertilizer blocks on an air-drying tray after the impregnation of the embodiment 1 of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a photograph of a finished slow release gel silicon fertilizer prepared in example 1 of the present application after boxing;
FIG. 7 is a photograph of a dynamic simulation experiment of a slow-release gel silicon fertilizer prepared in example 2 of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a photograph of static simulation experiment of a slow-release gel silicon fertilizer prepared in example 2 of the present application;
FIG. 9 shows the results of a dynamic simulation experiment of a slow-release gel silicon fertilizer prepared in example 2 of the present application;
FIG. 10 shows the results of static simulation experiments on the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer prepared in example 2 of the present application;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the results of beneficial microalgae proliferation curve data of experimental example 2, groups 1-4;
FIG. 12 is a photograph showing the process of shellfish culture in group 1 (blank group) in experimental example 2 shellfish culture experiments;
FIG. 13 is a photograph showing the process of shellfish culture of group 3 in experimental example 2 shellfish culture experiments;
FIG. 14 is a photograph of a cage used for the raft cage culture of patinopecten yessoensis in Experimental example 3;
FIG. 15 is a photograph of experimental example 3 for in-situ measurement and statistics.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the application will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the application, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the application.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the application. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present application. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the application described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the application. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present application. The specification and examples of the present application are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open ended terms, meaning including, but not limited to.
The embodiment of the application provides a slow-release gel silicon fertilizer for improving the survival rate of shellfish, which comprises the following raw materials of sodium silicate, gelatinized starch and sodium alginate in a mass ratio of 4-8:1:1.
In the embodiment of the application, the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer is in a shape of a cake, and the single weight is 25-50g.
The embodiment of the application provides a preparation method of the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer for improving the survival rate of shellfish, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of weighing raw materials of sodium silicate, gelatinized starch and sodium alginate according to the mass ratio, adding the raw materials into a powder mixer (FTBF-40 type), adding water into a spray can, stirring in the powder mixer to obtain wet powder, holding the stirred wet powder by hand to be easy to form a mass, preferably pinching the mass slightly, placing the stirred wet powder into a die groove of a hydraulic briquetting machine (FTLD 24Y-10 type), fully filling the wet powder into a die pit in the die groove through a material push-pull auxiliary frame, pressing and forming to obtain a silicon fertilizer block, pushing the silicon fertilizer block onto an air-drying tray through the material push-pull auxiliary frame after pressing is finished, air-drying the air-drying tray, immersing the air-dried silicon fertilizer block in a calcium chloride solution, obtaining a slow-release gel silicon fertilizer block loaded on the air-drying tray, standing, and taking the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer block off from the tray after the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer block is completely air-dried, so as to obtain the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer for improving the survival rate of shellfish.
In the embodiment of the application, the feed liquid ratio of the raw materials to water is (3-5) kg: (400-800) mL.
Further, the stirring time is 30 to 120 seconds, and in the embodiment of the present application, preferably 90 to 120 seconds.
Further, the pressing time of the press molding is 5.0-9.5s, the pressing thickness is 0.8-2.5cm, and in the embodiment of the application, the pressing time is preferably 6.0-9.0s, and the pressing thickness is 1.0-1.2cm.
Further, the air-drying time is 1-48h, the standing time is 12-144h, and in the embodiment of the application, the air-drying time is preferably 6h, and the standing time is 120-144h.
Further, the mass fraction of the calcium chloride solution is 3% -6%, and in the embodiment of the application, the mass fraction of the calcium chloride solution is preferably 5%.
Further, the time of the impregnation is 4 to 24 hours, and in the embodiment of the present application, the time of the impregnation is preferably 18 to 24 hours.
All the raw materials used in the embodiment of the application are commercially available, wherein sodium metasilicate is purchased from Qingdao Bay chemical Co., ltd, and the sodium oxide content is more than 28.51%; the gelatinized starch is purchased from Ningjin county Jia and energy-saving materials limited company, the viscosity of the product is 40-45 (25 ℃), and the gelatinization degree (alpha degree) is more than 85%; sodium alginate is purchased from Qingdao Mingyue blue sea biotechnology Co., ltd, and has a food grade and a purity of more than 99.0%; calcium chloride was purchased from Shandong Haihai Co., ltd. Calcium chloride plant and the purity of the product was about 74.1%.
The technical scheme of the application is further described by the following examples.
Example 1
2000g of sodium silicate, 500g of gelatinized starch and 500g of sodium alginate are weighed and added into a powder mixer (FTBF-40 type, see figure 1), 400mL of water is added into a spray can, the mixture is stirred in the powder mixer for 90s to obtain wet powder, the stirred wet powder is placed into a mold groove of a hydraulic briquetting machine (FTLD 24Y-10 type, see figure 2), the wet powder is fully filled into a mold pit in the mold groove through a material push-pull auxiliary frame, the pressing time of the hydraulic briquetting machine is controlled to be 6.0s, the pressing thickness is 1.0cm, after the pressing is finished, a silicon fertilizer block is pushed out onto an air-drying tray through the material push-pull auxiliary frame, the silicon fertilizer blocks are dried in air (see figure 3) for 6 hours on an air drying tray, the dried silicon fertilizer blocks are immersed in 5% calcium chloride solution by mass fraction in an immersing barrel (figure 4) for 18 hours, after the immersing process is completed, the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer blocks carried on the air drying tray are taken out (figure 5), the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer blocks are stood for 120 hours at a cool and ventilated place, after the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer blocks are dried completely, the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer for improving the survival rate of shellfish can be obtained after being taken off from the tray, the single weight is 40-50 g, and the photo after the finished products are boxed is shown in figure 6.
Example 2
Adding 3000g of sodium silicate, 500g of gelatinized starch and 500g of sodium alginate into a powder mixer (FTBF-40 type) after weighing, adding 600mL of water into a spray can, stirring for 120s in the powder mixer to obtain wet powder, placing the stirred wet powder into a mold tank of a hydraulic briquetting machine (FTLD 24Y-10 type), fully filling the wet powder into a mold pit in the mold tank through a material push-pull auxiliary frame, controlling the pressing time of the hydraulic briquetting machine to be 8.0s, pressing the silicon fertilizer blocks to be 1.2cm, pushing the silicon fertilizer blocks onto an air drying tray through the material push-pull auxiliary frame after pressing, air-drying the silicon fertilizer blocks on the air drying tray for 6h, then completely immersing the air-dried silicon fertilizer blocks into a calcium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 5%, immersing for 24h, taking out the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer blocks loaded on the air drying tray after the immersing process is completed, standing for 144h at a cool place, and taking down the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer blocks from the tray after the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer blocks are completely air-dried, thereby obtaining the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer with the single weight of 35-45 g for improving the survival rate.
Example 3
Weighing 4000g of sodium silicate, 500g of gelatinized starch and 500g of sodium alginate, adding into a powder mixer (FTBF-40 type), adding 800mL of water by a spray can, stirring in the powder mixer for 120s to obtain wet powder, placing the stirred wet powder into a mold tank of a hydraulic briquetting machine (FTLD 24Y-10 type), fully filling the wet powder into a mold pit in the mold tank through a material push-pull auxiliary frame, controlling the pressing time of the hydraulic briquetting machine to be 9.0s, pressing the silicon fertilizer blocks with the thickness of 1.2cm, pushing the silicon fertilizer blocks onto an air drying tray through the material push-pull auxiliary frame after the pressing is finished, air-drying the silicon fertilizer blocks on the air drying tray for 6h, then completely immersing the air-dried silicon fertilizer blocks into a calcium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 5%, immersing for 24h, taking out the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer blocks loaded on the air drying tray after the immersing process is finished, standing for 144h at a cool place, and taking down the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer blocks from the tray after the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer blocks are completely air-dried, thereby obtaining the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer with the single weight of 25 g for improving the survival rate.
Comparative example 1
The procedure of example 2 was repeated except that 500g of sodium silicate, 500g of gelatinized starch and 500g of sodium alginate were weighed and then added to a powder mixer (model FTBF-40), after which 400mL of water was added by means of a spray can.
Compared with the embodiment 2, the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer prepared in the mass ratio of 500g to 500g in the comparative example 1 has poorer proliferation effect of beneficial bait microalgae under the condition of the same addition weight, mainly because the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer prepared in the proportion has better stability, but has lower silicon element content ratio, has poorer effect of promoting the proliferation of the bait microalgae and has lower survival rate of corresponding shellfish.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 2 is that the step of immersing the air-dried silicon fertilizer block in a 5% mass fraction calcium chloride solution in an immersion tank for 24 hours was omitted.
Compared with the embodiment 2, the comparative example 2 does not carry out dipping treatment of calcium chloride solution, the space network structure of calcium alginate cannot be formed, and the gel compound slow-release silicon fertilizer of calcium alginate cannot be formed, in this case, the slow-release silicon fertilizer blocks pressed by the briquetting machine have certain strength, but the slow-release silicon fertilizer blocks are not formed, after being put into seawater, the slow-release silicon fertilizer blocks can be completely dissolved or disintegrated in a short time, the expected effect of the slow-release fertilizer of nutrient salt cannot be achieved, and a stable slow-release area with high concentration of nutrient salt (silicon) cannot be formed in a shellfish culture area, so that the proliferation of beneficial bait algae is promoted, and the survival rate of shellfish is improved.
Experimental example 1
The slow release effect experiment of the slow release gel silicon fertilizer is carried out in a water quality monitoring laboratory of the ocean aquatic science institute of Dalianning, 3 months, 21 months and 4 months, 29 days in 2022.
a. Dynamic experiments
A dynamic slow release simulation experiment is carried out in a water tank filled with 75L of seawater, 2g of the slow release gel silicon fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 2 of the application is taken, the slow release gel silicon fertilizer is suspended and slowly released in a 40-mesh bolting silk bag, the ratio (2 g: 75L) of the adding amount of the slow release gel silicon fertilizer to the volume of simulated seawater is carried out based on the proportion of adding 20g of the slow release gel silicon fertilizer per cubic meter of water in an actual shellfish culture area, and a wave making pump is adopted to simulate wave and water movement in the actual seawater, and a photo of the dynamic simulation experiment of the slow release gel silicon fertilizer is shown in figure 7.
b. Static experiments
The experimental set-up is the same as that of the dynamic experiment, the difference is only that the experiment is carried out in a static water body without a wave making pump, and the photograph of the static simulation experiment of the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 2 of the application is shown in figure 8.
The dynamic simulation experiment result of the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer is shown in fig. 9, the static simulation experiment result is shown in fig. 10, and it can be seen from fig. 9 and fig. 10 that the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 2 of the application can keep slow-release and release of silicon nutrient elements into the simulated seawater body within about 25-30 days of experiment time, so that the concentration of silicon elements in the simulated seawater body is always kept at a higher level, the average silicate concentration is kept above 0.14mg/L after 29 days of dynamic experiment, and the average silicate concentration is kept above 0.16mg/L after 29 days of static experiment. Through dynamic and static slow release experiments for about one month (29 days), the slow release gel silicon fertilizer is not completely consumed, which shows that the slow release gel silicon fertilizer can maintain a long-time slow release effect in seawater with strong water flow exchange. The static experiment in the simulated seawater body proves that the release concentration of the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer in the static water body is slightly higher than that of the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer in the dynamic experiment, and the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer in the static water body and the dynamic water body are relatively complete, the viscosity is relatively high, and the slow-release time is relatively long.
Experimental example 2
a. Beneficial microalgae proliferation experiments
By using the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer prepared by the embodiment of the application, static beneficial microalgae proliferation experiments are carried out, 4 groups of water tanks are placed at the same time, the used culture seawater is taken from natural seawater water body close to sea area of the sea water science institute of Liaoning province, and the water body contains a certain amount of beneficial bait microalgae, mainly diatoms, and the quantity of the beneficial bait microalgae is measured and calculated by using the cell density of the algae.
The 1 st group is blank sea water group, no slow release gel silicon fertilizer is added, the 2 nd group is added with the slow release gel silicon fertilizer prepared in the example 1, the 3 rd group is added with the slow release gel silicon fertilizer prepared in the example 2, the 4 th group is added with the slow release gel silicon fertilizer prepared in the example 3, wherein the sea water volume in the 4 groups of water tanks is controlled to be 1.5m 3 30g of the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer prepared in the examples 2, 3 and 4 are respectively added into the groups 2, 3 and 4, the beneficial microalgae concentration (algae cell density, mainly diatom) in each group of water tanks is continuously compared for 28 days, the promotion effect of the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer on the proliferation of the beneficial microalgae is examined, and the experimental result is shown in figure 11.
As can be seen from the experimental results in FIG. 11, the concentration of beneficial microalgae in group 3 is highest after the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer is added, the concentration of diatom can still reach 19372500/L after 28 days, the concentration of diatom is centered in group 2, the concentration of diatom is basically 15210000/L after 28 days, the concentration of beneficial microalgae in group 4 is slightly lower than that of groups 2 and 3, the concentration of diatom is 9720000/L after 28 days, and the concentration of diatom is only 1552500/L after 28 days in group 1 (blank) and is far lower than that of groups 2-4. The beneficial microalgae concentration of the 2 nd group to the 4 th group which are added with the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer is higher than that of the 1 st group (blank group), which indicates that the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer prepared by the embodiment of the application has the promotion effect on the proliferation of the beneficial microalgae. Meanwhile, the addition of the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer in the groups 2-4 remarkably promotes the increase of the types and the quantity of diatoms in the seawater for culture, compared with 6 types of diatoms in the group 1 (blank group), the types of diatoms in the group 2 reach 12 types, the types of diatoms in the group 3 reach 13 types, and the types of diatoms in the group 4 reach 9 types, so that the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer prepared by the embodiment of the application can not only effectively increase the quantity of beneficial microalgae (mainly diatoms), but also increase the types and the diversity of the beneficial microalgae, and has great benefits on the healthy growth and the increase of the survival rate of shellfish, and the specific conditions of the types of bait microalgae and the cell densities of algae in the experiments in the groups 1-4 are shown in tables 1-4 (the algae count volume in the tables is 0.1 mL).
TABLE 1 Diatom species and algal cell density conditions in group 1 (blank) beneficial microalgae proliferation experiments
TABLE 2 group 2 (example 1) Diatom species and algal cell density conditions in beneficial microalgae proliferation experiments
TABLE 3 group 3 (example 2) Diatom species and algal cell density conditions in beneficial microalgae proliferation experiments
Table 4 group 4 (example 3) Diatom species and algae cell Density in beneficial microalgae proliferation experiments
b. Shellfish simulated culture experiment
Simultaneously, 15 patinopecten yessoensis and 30 Philippines are respectively put in the bottoms of the water tanks of groups 1-4. 10 young patinopecten yessoensis of 15 patinopecten yessoensis put in each group of water tanks, 5 patinopecten yessoensis, and controlling the total weight of the patinopecten yessoensis in each group of water tanks to be about 0.25 kg; the total weight of the 30 Philippines clams put in the feed is about 0.30 kg. Continuously observing the survival and growth conditions of patinopecten yessoensis and Philippine clams in the 4 groups of water tanks within 3-30 days after adding the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer, wherein fig. 12 is a photograph of the shellfish culture process of the 1 st group (blank group) in the shellfish culture experiment; FIG. 13 is a photograph showing the process of group 3 shellfish culture in a shellfish culture experiment.
As a result, it was found that, of 15 patinopecten yessoensis in the water tank of group 1 (blank group), after 30 days of the experiment, 4 young patinopecten yessoensis died, 6 patinopecten yessoensis survived, 1 adult patinopecten yessoensis died, 4 patinopecten yessoensis survived, and the total weight of patinopecten yessoensis was reduced from 251g to 213g for 30 days; the total weight of the Philippines clams is reduced from 312g to 260g after 8 Philippines clams die and 22 Philippines survive for 30 days.
In 15 scallops in the group 2 water tank, 2 young scallops die, 8 young scallops survive, adult scallops survive, and the total weight of patinopecten yessoensis is increased from 248g to 255g within 30 days; the total weight of the Philippines clams is increased from 300g to 313g after 3 Philippines clams die and 27 Philippines survive for 30 days.
In the 15 scallops in the water tank of group 3, 1 young scallop dies, 9 young scallops survive, adult scallops survive, and the total weight of patinopecten yessoensis is increased from 252g to 265g in 30 days; the total weight of the Philippines clams is increased from 308g to 321g after 2 Philippines clams die and 28 Philippines clams survive for 30 days.
In the 15 scallops in the water tank of the 4 th group, 2 young scallops die, 8 young scallops survive, 1 adult scallop die, 4 young scallops survive, and the total weight of the patinopecten yessoensis is increased from 249g to 252g within 30 days; the total weight of the Philippines clams is increased from 301g to 305g after 5 Philippines clams die and 25 Philippines survive for 30 days.
In a comprehensive view, by combining beneficial microalgae in the water tanks of groups 2, 3 and 4 and shellfish culture experiments, the addition of the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer prepared by the embodiment of the application can obviously increase the concentration of the beneficial microalgae in a seawater body, and improve the survival rate and the biological quality of shellfish to a certain extent. Therefore, the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer can keep the silicon nutrient element in the seawater body at a stable high concentration level for a long time, can fully ensure the concentration and proportion of nutrient salt in the shellfish culture sea area, promotes the growth of beneficial bait microalgae (diatom) in the seawater, and improves the survival rate of the shellfish.
Experimental example 3
The comparative experiment of the actual patinopecten yessoensis raft culture effect is carried out in the sea area of the county of the long sea in Dalian city by using the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 2 of the application from 21 days of 7 months of 2022 to 3 days of 11 months. The practical application effect of the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer is examined by comparing the average shell height increment of patinopecten yessoensis, the average weight increment of shellfish individuals and the survival rate of shellfish in the two groups of raft cages without the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer. The patinopecten yessoensis used in the comparison experiment is a patinopecten yessoensis (survived for one year in the culture sea area), the hanging cages of the test group using the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer and the hanging cage of the control group not using the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer are 20 layers, namely each single hanging cage is provided with 20 layers of independent net cages, and the photo of the hanging cage used for the raft hanging cage culture of the patinopecten yessoensis is shown in fig. 14. The test group suspension cage is tied with a bolting silk bag filled with the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer at the middle position, the bolting silk is 100-mesh, 30g of the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer is filled in the bolting silk bag, 1 bolting silk bag slow-release gel silicon fertilizer is added to the test group suspension cage approximately every 20-30 days, and 3 times (3 bags) of slow-release gel silicon fertilizer are added in the period of 21-11 months and 3 days.
The comparison result before and after the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer is put in is shown in table 5 (the beneficial effects of the slow-release fertilizer on patinopecten yessoensis cultivated in the raft hanging cage are measured by adopting the difference value of each index increment of a test group and a control group in the table, namely, the index increment of the test group and the index increment of the control group), and the photographs of field measurement and statistics are shown in fig. 15. As can be seen from the data in Table 5, after the whole comparison test period, by the period of 11 months of 2022, patinopecten yessoensis in the raft type cage of the test group has better culture effect and economic benefit compared with patinopecten yessoensis in the cage of the control group, compared with the data of the control group, the average increment of the average shell height of the test group is 2.54mm higher than that of the average shell height of the control group, the average increment of the individual weight of shellfish of the test group is 1.16g higher than that of the individual weight of the control group, and the survival rate of shellfish of the test group is 3.2% higher than that of the shellfish of the control group, so that the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer prepared by the application can improve the survival rate of shellfish.
Table 5 comparison results before and after release of the gel silicon fertilizer (2022, 7, 21-11, 3 days)
The present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application are intended to be included in the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. The slow-release gel silicon fertilizer for improving the survival rate of the shellfish is characterized in that the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer comprises sodium silicate, gelatinized starch and sodium alginate in a mass ratio of 4-8:1:1;
the preparation method of the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer for improving the survival rate of the shellfish comprises the following steps:
mixing raw materials of sodium silicate, gelatinized starch and sodium alginate according to the mass ratio, adding water and stirring to obtain wet powder, pressing the wet powder to form, air-drying, then soaking with a calcium chloride solution, taking out and standing to obtain the slow-release gel silicon fertilizer for improving the survival rate of shellfish;
the soaking time is 4-24 hours;
the feed liquid ratio of the raw materials to water is (3-5) kg: (400-800) mL;
the pressing time of the pressing forming is 5.0-9.5s, and the pressing thickness is 0.8-2.5cm;
the mass fraction of the calcium chloride solution is 3% -6%.
2. The slow release gel silicon fertilizer for improving the survival rate of shellfish according to claim 1, wherein the shellfish is patinopecten yessoensis.
3. The slow release gel silicon fertilizer for improving the survival rate of shellfish according to claim 1, wherein the stirring time is 30-120s.
4. The slow release gel silicon fertilizer for improving the survival rate of shellfish according to claim 1, wherein the air drying time is 1-48h, and the standing time is 120-144h.
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| CN103392656A (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2013-11-20 | 宁波大学 | Method for increasing culture yield of mudflat shellfish |
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| CN113396845A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-09-17 | 辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院 | Method for improving survival rate of two-year-old patinopecten yessoensis cultured in raft |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103392656A (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2013-11-20 | 宁波大学 | Method for increasing culture yield of mudflat shellfish |
| CN106278769A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-04 | 恒茂实业集团有限公司 | A kind of aquaculture nutrition slow-release agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN109644908A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-19 | 辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院 | A kind of brown damp preventing control method in scallop cage culture zone |
| CN113396845A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-09-17 | 辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院 | Method for improving survival rate of two-year-old patinopecten yessoensis cultured in raft |
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