CN116283420B - Preparation method of composite slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer for improving feeding force of shellfish culture baits - Google Patents
Preparation method of composite slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer for improving feeding force of shellfish culture baits Download PDFInfo
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- CN116283420B CN116283420B CN202310137399.7A CN202310137399A CN116283420B CN 116283420 B CN116283420 B CN 116283420B CN 202310137399 A CN202310137399 A CN 202310137399A CN 116283420 B CN116283420 B CN 116283420B
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- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 32
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009364 mariculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 241000237516 Mizuhopecten yessoensis Species 0.000 description 23
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 description 11
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 11
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 241000237503 Pectinidae Species 0.000 description 9
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 241000206761 Bacillariophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000012612 static experiment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 3
- JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N Chemical compound ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000237509 Patinopecten sp. Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010410 calcium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000648 calcium alginate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002681 calcium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L calcium;(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxy-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxylato-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Ca+2].O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O2)C([O-])=O)O)[C@H](C(O)=O)O1 OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000002339 Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003631 expected effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003041 ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/14—Tablets, spikes, rods, blocks or balls
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer for improving the feed supply force of shellfish culture, and belongs to the technical field of mariculture. Immersing the block prepared from ammonium chloride, gelatinized starch, sodium alginate and water into a calcium chloride solution, and air-drying to obtain the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer; wherein the mass ratio of the ammonium chloride to the gelatinized starch to the sodium alginate is (6-10): 1:1. The invention utilizes the gelation reaction between sodium alginate and calcium chloride to prepare the easily-dissolved nitrogenous fertilizer into the compound slow-release fertilizer block through pressing and dipping processes. The concentration and proportion of nutrient salt in the local environment of the shellfish culture sea area can be increased or regulated, the beneficial bait microalgae for shellfish in the sea water can be increased, and the survival rate and yield of bivalve shellfish can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mariculture, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer for improving the feed supply force of shellfish culture.
Background
Patinopecten yessoensis (Patinopecten yessoensis) belongs to the phylum Mollusca (Mollusca), class Lamellibranchia (Lamelliblanchia), class Pieriodiida (Pterimorpha), pearl Bei Mu (Pteriodae), scallop (Pectinidae), has hypertrophied adductor, delicious taste, high nutritive value and good economic benefit, and is popular with vast consumers and breeding units. The patinopecten yessoensis belongs to filter feeding bivalve shellfish, the shell is fan-shaped, the right shell is more prominent, the shell is yellow and white, the left shell is slightly flat and smaller than the right shell, and the patinopecten yessoensis is purple brown. The shell surface is provided with 15-20 radial ribs, and the shell lugs at two sides are provided with shallow foot wire holes. The right shell rib is wide and low, and the rib is narrow; the left shell rib is thinner and the rib is wider. A triangular internal ligament is arranged below the shell top. Naturally distributed at 6-60 m depth, and the bottom is gravel. Patinopecten yessoensis is cold water shellfish, and the growth temperature is 5-23 ℃. The original is mainly produced in the south water area of the Japanese, russian Qiandao islands, and North sea in Japan and North of this continent. The proper range of the salinity is 24-40, and the water is distributed in coastal sea areas with higher salinity, hard matrix without fresh water injection, less silt and water depth of not more than 40 meters. Mainly carries out cultivation in sea areas such as the east China peninsula, the east China peninsula and the like in the north China. The growth speed is slower, from the young shellfish to the shell height of 1l-12 cm, and the shortest time is zero for 7 months in 1 year. It is reported that the maximum shell can be up to 27.94 cm and its lifetime is about 25 years.
In recent years, the phenomena of quality degradation, even large-scale death, such as long stagnation, low fullness, small specification and the like of marine cultured shellfish are common, and become an important factor for limiting the sustainable development of marine fishery. At present, patinopecten yessoensis cultivation is still carried out by eating natural microalgae baits. In the last 10 years, the death rate of the patinopecten yessoensis in the two ages of the Long sea county is more than 80-90%, so that the patinopecten yessoensis in the two ages of the raft is basically not cultured at present, and the scale is less than 0.1% before 10 years. The bait microalgae is an energy basis and health guarantee of bivalve shellfish, the evolution of the species, the number and the size of the bait microalgae has great influence on the healthy growth and survival of shellfish, the microalgae with small particle size and low nutrition are unfavorable for the nutrition storage and healthy growth of bivalve shellfish, early research finds that the cultivation scale of the sea area of the county of the Yanghai continuously expands, the nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon and the like in the cultivation area are reduced, and the climate change causes the size of the microalgae to be small, the large-size microalgae occupy less, and the patinopecten yessoensis has low immunity and dies in a large scale.
The reduction of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon in a culture area can obviously influence the growth of natural microalgae baits, and shellfish culture enterprises and farmers usually adopt a mode of adding agricultural fertilizers or natural organic fertilizers (chicken manure and the like) and the like to increase the concentration of the nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon in seawater. However, in open water bodies such as shellfish buoyant raft culture and the like, the fluidity and the exchange of the water body are extremely strong, and the added water-soluble nutrient fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon and the like can be quickly taken away along with the flowing of seawater water bodies, so that the improvement of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon and the like in the sea area of the shellfish buoyant raft culture area is very limited in practice, and even has no effect in many cases. Organic fertilizers (chicken manure and the like) are generally implemented in a hanging bag mode in shellfish buoyant raft culture, but the organic fertilizers such as chicken manure and the like are easy to breed bacteria, and especially in summer high-temperature period, the total number of bacteria in the water body of the culture sea area exceeds the standard, so that serious adverse effects are brought to the shellfish green culture industry. The Chinese patent ' a method for improving survival rate of patinopecten yessoensis in raft culture ' studied by the researchers in earlier stage ' effectively presses algae powder, lactobacillus, inorganic salt, starch and other components into bait blocks according to a certain proportion, and provides a beneficial thought for increasing beneficial bait microalgae in seawater in a shellfish floating raft culture area and improving culture benefits. However, the implementation mode of the bait blocks is basically to hang bags on the buoyant raft, the application mode is limited, and in addition, the main components of the bait blocks are organic algae in a high-temperature period, so that the bait blocks are easy to rot in a region with higher culture density under the influence of factors such as high temperature, oxygen deficiency and the like, and the use effect is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a compound slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer for improving the feeding force of shellfish culture baits. The growth of beneficial bait microalgae in the seawater is promoted by exogenously supplementing nutrition elements such as inorganic nitrogen, so that the problem of lack of beneficial bait in shellfish culture areas such as patinopecten yessoensis in raft culture is solved, the immunity and growth rate of shellfish are enhanced, the survival rate is improved, and the health and sustainable development of shellfish culture industry are promoted.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention proposes the following technical scheme:
a compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer for improving the feed supply force of shellfish culture is prepared by immersing a block prepared from ammonium chloride, gelatinized starch, sodium alginate and water in a calcium chloride solution, and air-drying to obtain the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer; wherein the mass ratio of the ammonium chloride to the gelatinized starch to the sodium alginate is (6-10): 1:1.
Further, the gelatinized starch has a viscosity of 40-45 (25 ℃) and a degree of gelatinization (degree of alpha) of greater than 85%.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer for improving the feed supply force of shellfish culture, which comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing raw materials of ammonium chloride, gelatinized starch and sodium alginate, adding water and stirring to obtain wet powder;
2) Pressing the wet powder into fertilizer blocks with the thickness of 0.8-2.5cm, the pressing time being 5.0-9.5s and the pressure being 2MPa, and then air-drying the fertilizer blocks for 1-48h;
3) Immersing the air-dried fertilizer block into a calcium chloride solution, and keeping the immersing for 4-24 hours;
4) After the impregnation is finished, standing for 12-144 hours at a shady and ventilated place to obtain the compound slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer for improving the feed supply force of shellfish culture baits.
Further, in the step 1), the dosage ratio of the raw materials to water is (4-5) kg (500-800) mL.
Further, in the step 1), the stirring time is 30-120s.
Further, in the step 3), the mass fraction of the calcium chloride solution is 3-6%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes exogenous input nutrition to adjust the concentration and proportion of nutrient salt in the shellfish culture sea area, increases beneficial bait microalgae in seawater, and improves the survival rate of shellfish; the exogenous input nutrition is implemented by adopting the composite slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, so that the composite slow-release nitrogen fertilizer has no pollution to the ecological environment, is beneficial to the growth of cultured shellfish, can slowly release nutrient salts in seawater, promotes the growth of beneficial bait microalgae in the seawater, and improves the culture benefit.
The invention utilizes the gel reaction between sodium alginate and calcium chloride to prepare the easily-dissolved nitrogenous fertilizer into the compound slow-release fertilizer block through pressing and dipping processes. Compared with the traditional agricultural fertilizer or natural organic fertilizer and the organic algae bait slow-release block, the compound slow-release fertilizer has the advantages of long slow-release time, high temperature resistance, environmental protection and the like, can fully adjust the concentration and proportion of nutrient salt in the shellfish culture sea area, increases beneficial bait microalgae in seawater, and improves the shellfish survival rate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a hydraulic briquetting machine and a powder mixer;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of an air-dried tray and a dipping bucket;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the air-dried product (in boxes or bags) after impregnation of the composite slow-release nitrogen fertilizer;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of a composite slow-release nitrogen fertilizer dynamic (left) and static (right) slow-release simulation experiment;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the result of dynamic experiment slow release data of the compound slow release nitrogen fertilizer;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the result of static experiment slow release data of the compound slow release nitrogen fertilizer;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the result of proliferation curve data of beneficial microalgae of a compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer;
FIG. 8 is a photograph of experimental results of proliferation of beneficial microalgae and shellfish culture with a compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the invention, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the invention described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present invention. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open ended terms, meaning including, but not limited to.
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer for improving the feed supply capacity of shellfish culture, which promotes the growth of beneficial feed microalgae in seawater by exogenously supplementing inorganic nitrogen and other nutritional elements, thereby solving the problem of lack of beneficial feed in shellfish culture areas such as patinopecten yessoensis and the like, enhancing the immunity and growth rate of shellfish, improving the survival rate and promoting the health and sustainable development of shellfish culture industry. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer for improving the feed supply force of shellfish culture is prepared by immersing a block prepared from ammonium chloride, gelatinized starch, sodium alginate and water in a calcium chloride solution, and air-drying to obtain the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer; wherein the mass ratio of the ammonium chloride to the gelatinized starch to the sodium alginate is (6-10): 1:1. The composite slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is in a round block shape, and the single weight is 15-35g.
Further, the gelatinized starch is purchased from Ningjin county Jia and energy-saving materials limited company, the viscosity of the product is 40-45 (25 ℃), and the gelatinization degree (alpha degree) is more than 85%.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer for improving the feed supply force of shellfish culture, which comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing ammonium chloride, gelatinized starch and sodium alginate in a powder mixer (FTBF-40), adding water, and stirring to obtain wet powder which is easy to agglomerate after holding, but is preferably kneaded and dispersed with little effort;
2) Placing wet powder into a die groove of a hydraulic briquetting machine (FTLD 24Y-10 type), fully filling the wet powder into a die pit in the die groove through a material push-pull auxiliary frame, controlling the pressing time of the hydraulic briquetting machine to be 5.0-9.5s, pressing the wet powder into fertilizer blocks with the thickness of 0.8-2.5cm, pushing the fertilizer blocks out of an air drying tray through the material push-pull auxiliary frame, enabling the air drying tray to be a stainless steel or bamboo round thin disc with small holes at the bottom, enabling the bottom to be provided with 3 support legs, stacking multiple layers for air drying or sun drying, and placing the fertilizer blocks into an impregnating barrel to complete the impregnating process. The air drying time of the fertilizer blocks on the air drying tray is generally 1-48h;
3) Immersing the air-dried fertilizer blocks in a calcium chloride solution to ensure that the fertilizer blocks are fully immersed in the calcium chloride solution, so that calcium ions in the calcium chloride solution can fully promote gel polymerization reaction in the fertilizer blocks, and keeping the immersion for 4-24 hours;
4) And after the soaking is finished, taking out the fertilizer blocks carried on the air-drying tray from the soaking barrel, standing for 12-144 hours at a shady and cool ventilation place, and taking down the fertilizer blocks from the tray after the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer blocks are completely air-dried, thereby obtaining the composite slow-release nitrogen fertilizer for improving the feed supply force of the shellfish culture baits.
Further, in the step 1), the dosage ratio of the raw materials to water is (4-5) kg (500-800) mL.
Further, in the step 1), the stirring time is 30-120s.
Further, in the step 3), the mass fraction of the calcium chloride solution is 3-6%. Preferably 5%.
The raw materials used in the invention are all purchased, wherein the ammonium chloride is purchased from Shandong Jinhui feed Co., ltd, and the product purity is more than 99.5%; the gelatinized starch is purchased from Ningjin county Jia and energy-saving materials limited company, the viscosity of the product is 40-45 (25 ℃), and the gelatinization degree (alpha degree) is more than 85%; sodium alginate is purchased from Qingdao Mingyue blue sea biotechnology Co., ltd, and has a food grade and a purity of more than 99.0%; calcium chloride was purchased from Shandong Haihai Co., ltd. Calcium chloride plant and the purity of the product was about 74.1%.
Example 1
1) Weighing ammonium chloride, gelatinized starch and sodium alginate according to a mass ratio of 3000g to 500g, adding the weighed ammonium chloride, gelatinized starch and sodium alginate into a powder mixer, adding 600mL of water through a spray can or slowly pouring, uniformly mixing the materials through the powder mixer, and stirring the materials for 90s to obtain wet powder, wherein the wet powder is easy to agglomerate after being held by hands, but is preferably kneaded and dispersed with little effort;
2) Placing wet powder into a die groove of a hydraulic briquetting machine, fully filling the wet powder into a die pit in the die groove through a material push-pull auxiliary frame, controlling the pressing time of the hydraulic briquetting machine to be 7.0s, controlling the pressure to be 2.0MPa, pressing the wet powder into a fertilizer block with the thickness of 1.2cm, and controlling the air drying time of the fertilizer block on an air drying tray to be 6 hours;
3) Immersing the air-dried fertilizer blocks into a calcium chloride solution, wherein the mass fraction of the calcium chloride solution is 5%, and keeping the immersing time for 18 hours;
4) And after the soaking is finished, taking out the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer blocks loaded on the air-drying tray, standing for 120 hours at a shady and cool ventilation place, and taking down the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer blocks from the tray after the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer blocks are completely air-dried, thereby obtaining the composite slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (the weight of a single slow-release nitrogen fertilizer block is 25-35 g) for improving the feeding force of shellfish culture baits. ).
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a hydraulic briquetting machine and a powder mixer;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of an air-dried tray and a dipping bucket;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the air-dried product (in boxes or bags) after impregnation of the composite slow-release nitrogen fertilizer.
Example 2
1) Weighing ammonium chloride, gelatinized starch and sodium alginate according to a mass ratio of 4000g to 500g, adding the mixture into a powder mixer, adding 700mL of water through a spray can or slowly pouring, uniformly mixing the mixture through the powder mixer, and stirring the mixture for 120s to obtain wet powder, wherein the wet powder is easy to agglomerate after being held by hands, but is preferably kneaded and dispersed with little effort;
2) Placing wet powder into a die groove of a hydraulic briquetting machine, fully filling the wet powder into a die pit in the die groove through a material push-pull auxiliary frame, controlling the pressing time of the hydraulic briquetting machine to be 8.0s, controlling the pressure to be 2.0MPa, pressing the wet powder into a fertilizer block with the thickness of 1.2cm, and controlling the air drying time of the fertilizer block on an air drying tray to be 6 hours;
3) Immersing the air-dried fertilizer blocks into a calcium chloride solution, wherein the mass fraction of the calcium chloride solution is 5%, and keeping the immersing time for 24 hours;
4) And after the dipping is finished, taking out the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer blocks loaded on the air-drying tray, standing for 144 hours at a shady and cool ventilation place, and taking down the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer blocks from the tray after the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer blocks are completely air-dried, thereby obtaining the composite slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (the weight of a single slow-release nitrogen fertilizer block is 20-30 g) for improving the feeding force of shellfish culture baits.
Example 3
1) Weighing ammonium chloride, gelatinized starch and sodium alginate according to a mass ratio of 5000g to 500g, adding into a powder mixer, adding 800mL of water through a spray can or slowly pouring, uniformly mixing by the powder mixer, and stirring for 120s to obtain wet powder, wherein the wet powder is easy to agglomerate after being held by hands, but is preferably kneaded and dispersed with little effort;
2) Placing wet powder into a die groove of a hydraulic briquetting machine, fully filling the wet powder into a die pit in the die groove through a material push-pull auxiliary frame, controlling the pressing time of the hydraulic briquetting machine to be 9.0s, controlling the pressure to be 2.0MPa, pressing the wet powder into a fertilizer block with the thickness of 1.2cm, and controlling the air drying time of the fertilizer block on an air drying tray to be 6 hours;
3) Immersing the air-dried fertilizer blocks into a calcium chloride solution, wherein the mass fraction of the calcium chloride solution is 5%, and keeping the immersing time for 24 hours;
4) And after the dipping is finished, taking out the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer blocks loaded on the air-drying tray, standing for 120 hours at a shady and cool ventilation place, and taking down the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer blocks from the tray after the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer blocks are completely air-dried, thereby obtaining the composite slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (the weight of a single slow-release nitrogen fertilizer block is 15-25 g) for improving the feeding force of shellfish culture baits.
Test example 1
The slow release effect experiment of the compound slow release nitrogen fertilizer is carried out in a water quality monitoring laboratory of the ocean aquatic science institute of Dalianning, 3 months, 21 months and 4 months, 29 days in 2022. In the experiment at this stage, 2g of the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention is adopted, dynamic and static slow-release simulation experiments are respectively carried out in a water tank filled with 75L of seawater, the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is put in a 40-mesh bolting silk bag to be suspended and slowly released, and the ratio (2 g: 75L) of the fertilizer addition amount to the simulated seawater volume is based on the proportion of about 25g of the fertilizer added per cubic meter of water body in an actual shellfish culture area. The dynamic experiment is to simulate the wave and water motion in the actual sea water by using the wave-making pump, the static experiment is to perform the experiment in the static water without the wave-making pump, the dynamic experiment and the static experiment respectively establish 3 parallel groups, and the average value is taken for recording. Fig. 4 is a photograph of a dynamic and static slow release simulation experiment of the composite slow release nitrogen fertilizer, and fig. 5 and 6 are experimental results.
As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, the average total nitrogen concentration in both the dynamic test and the static test is continuously increased, wherein the average total nitrogen concentration after 29 days of the dynamic test is maintained above 3.3mg/L, and the average total nitrogen concentration after 29 days of the static test is also maintained above 2.1 mg/L; the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the dynamic experiment is maintained above 1.3mg/L after 29 days, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the static experiment is maintained above 0.7mg/L after 29 days; the nitrite nitrogen concentration in the dynamic experiment is maintained above 0.47mg/L after 29 days, and the nitrite nitrogen concentration in the static experiment is maintained above 0.38mg/L after 29 days; the nitrate nitrogen concentration in dynamic experiment is maintained above 0.04mg/L after 29 days, and the nitrate nitrogen concentration in static experiment is maintained above 0.04mg/L after 29 days, so that the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer block can maintain slow release and release nitrogen nutrient elements into the simulated seawater body within the experiment time of 20-30 days, and the nitrogen element concentration in the simulated seawater body is always maintained at a higher level.
And as can be seen from fig. 4-6, the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is still not completely consumed after about one month (29 days) of dynamic slow-release experiment, which indicates that the fertilizer blocks can maintain a long-time slow-release effect in seawater with strong water flow exchange. The static experiment in the simulated seawater body proves that the release concentration of the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer in the static water body is lower than that of the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer in the dynamic experiment, but the fertilizer blocks in the static water body are relatively more complete, and the slow-release time is correspondingly longer.
Test examples show that the composite slow-release nitrogen fertilizer block can keep nitrogen nutrient elements (ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen) in the seawater body at a stable high concentration level for a long time, fully ensure the concentration and proportion of nutrient salts in the shellfish culture sea area, increase beneficial bait microalgae in the seawater and improve the survival rate of the shellfish.
Test example 2
By using the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer blocks prepared by the embodiment of the invention, static beneficial microalgae proliferation experiments are carried out, 4 groups of water tanks are placed at the same time, the used culture seawater is taken from natural seawater water bodies in the sea area close to the sea of the national institute of marine aquatic science, liaoning, and a certain amount of beneficial bait microalgae are contained in the water bodies, mainly referring to diatoms, and the quantity of the microalgae is measured and calculated by using the cell density of the algae. The 1 st group is a blank group, no compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer blocks are added, the 2 nd group is added with the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer blocks prepared in the embodiment 1, the 3 rd group is added with the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer blocks prepared in the embodiment 2, the 4 th group is added with the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer blocks prepared in the embodiment 3, wherein the sea water volume in the 4 groups of water tanks is controlled to be 1.5m 3 Group 2,3,460g of the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer blocks prepared in examples 2,3 and 4 are respectively added, the beneficial microalgae concentrations (algae cell densities, mainly diatom) in each group of water tanks are continuously compared after 28 days, the promotion effect of the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on the proliferation of the beneficial microalgae is examined, and the experimental results are shown in fig. 7 and tables 1-4.
Experimental results show that after the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer blocks are added, the beneficial microalgae concentration of the 2 nd group is highest, the diatom concentration still can reach 16650000/L after 28 days, the concentration of the 3 rd group is central, the diatom concentration after 28 days is basically 15025000/L, the beneficial microalgae concentration of the 4 th group is slightly lower than that of the 2 nd group and the 3 rd group, the diatom concentration after 28 days is 11350000/L, and the diatom concentration after 28 days of the 1 st group (blank group) is only 1552500/L, which is far lower than the data of the 2 nd to 4 th groups. The beneficial microalgae concentration of groups 2-4 added with the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is higher than that of group 1 (blank group), which indicates that the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared by the embodiment of the invention has a promoting effect on beneficial microalgae proliferation. Meanwhile, the addition of the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer blocks in the groups 2-4 obviously promotes the increase of the types and the quantity of diatoms in the seawater water body for culture, the types of diatoms in the group 1 (blank group) are 6, the types of diatoms in the group 2 are 11, the types of diatoms in the group 3 are 10, and the types of diatoms in the group 4 are 8, which indicates that the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared by the embodiment of the invention can not only effectively increase the quantity of beneficial microalgae (mainly diatoms) but also increase the types and the diversity thereof, and has great benefits on the healthy growth and the improvement of the survival rate of shellfish, and the specific conditions of the bait microalgae types and the alga cell densities in the experiments in the groups 1-4 are shown in tables 1-4.
TABLE 1 Diatom species and algal cell density conditions in group 1 (blank) beneficial microalgae proliferation experiments
* The algae count volume in this table was 0.1mL.
TABLE 2 group 2 (example 1) Diatom species and algal cell density conditions in beneficial microalgae proliferation experiments
* The algae count volume in this table was 0.1mL.
TABLE 3 group 3 (example 2) Diatom species and algal cell density conditions in beneficial microalgae proliferation experiments
* The algae count volume in this table was 0.1mL.
Table 4 group 4 (example 3) Diatom species and algae cell Density in beneficial microalgae proliferation experiments
* The algae count volume in this table was 0.1mL.
Simultaneously, 15 patinopecten yessoensis and about 30 Philippines are respectively put in the bottoms of the water tanks of the groups 1,2,3 and 4. 10 young patinopecten yessoensis of 15 patinopecten yessoensis put in each group of water tanks, 5 patinopecten yessoensis, and controlling the total weight of the patinopecten yessoensis in each group of water tanks to be about 0.25 kg; the total weight of about 30 Philippines clams put in the feed is about 0.3 kg. After the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer blocks are added for 3-30 days, the survival and growth conditions of patinopecten yessoensis and Philippines in the 4 groups of water tanks are continuously observed.
As a result, it was found that, of the 15 patinopecten yessoensis in the water tank of group 1, after 30 days of the experiment, 2 young patinopecten yessoensis died, 8 young patinopecten yessoensis survived, and the total weight of patinopecten yessoensis was reduced from 253g to 238g after the adult patinopecten yessoensis survived; the total weight of the Philippines clams is reduced from 297g to 271g after 4 Philippines clams die and 26 Philippines survive for 30 days. In 15 scallops in the group 2 water tank, the young scallops and Cheng Bei have no death condition, the number of the young scallops is 15, and the weight of the shellfish is increased from 251g to 264g in 30 days; 2 Philippines clams die, 28 Philippines clams survive, and the total weight of Philippines clams increases from 297g to 309g after 30 days; in the 15 scallops in the water tank of group 3, 1 young scallop dies, 9 young scallops survive, the adult scallops survive, and the weight of the shellfish is increased from 250g to 258g in 30 days; 2 Philippines clams die, 28 Philippines clams survive, and the total weight of Philippines clams increases from 301g to 310g after 30 days; in 15 scallops in the water tank of group 4, the young scallops and Cheng Bei have no death condition, the number of the alive shellfish is 15, and the weight of the shellfish is increased from 250g to 259g in 30 days; the total weight of the Philippines clams is increased from 300g to 308g after 3 Philippines clams die and 27 Philippines survive for 30 days.
In a comprehensive view, the beneficial microalgae and shellfish culture experiments in the 2,3 and 4 groups of water tanks are combined, so that the addition of the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer blocks can obviously increase the concentration of the beneficial microalgae in the seawater body, and the survival rate and the biological quality of shellfish are improved to a certain extent. Fig. 8 is a photograph of the test piece.
Comparative example 1
The only difference from example 1 is that in step 1), the mass ratio of ammonium chloride, gelatinized starch and sodium alginate is 500g:500g.
As a result, it was found that the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer blocks prepared in the mass ratio of 500g to 500g were inferior to those of example 1, example 2 and example 3 in the proliferation effect of the beneficial bait microalgae under the same weight of the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer blocks, mainly because the stability of the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared in the above-mentioned ratio was good, but the nitrogen content was too low, and the effect of promoting the proliferation of the bait microalgae was inferior.
Comparative example 2
The only difference from example 1 is that steps 3) to 4) are not carried out, i.e. no impregnation treatment.
As a result, it was found that, when the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer block was put in the manner of test example 2, the space network structure of calcium alginate could not be formed and the gel compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer of calcium alginate could not be formed without immersing the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer block in calcium chloride solution, and in this case, the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer block pressed by a briquetting machine had a certain strength, but the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer block was completely dissolved or so-called disintegrated in a short period of time after being put in a seawater body, and the expected effect of the slow-release fertilizer for nutrient salt could not be achieved, and a stable slow-release region for high concentration of nutrient salt (nitrogen) could not be formed in the shellfish culture region, thereby promoting proliferation of beneficial bait algae and improving the survival rate of shellfish.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer for improving the feed supply force of shellfish culture is characterized in that a block prepared from ammonium chloride, gelatinized starch, sodium alginate and water is immersed in a calcium chloride solution, and the compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is obtained after air drying; wherein the mass ratio of the ammonium chloride to the gelatinized starch to the sodium alginate is (6-10): 1:1;
the soaking time is 4-24 hours;
the air drying refers to standing for 12-144h at a shady and ventilated place;
the dosage ratio of the total mass of the ammonium chloride, the gelatinized starch and the sodium alginate to the water is (4-5) kg (500-800) mL;
the mass fraction of the calcium chloride solution is 3-6%.
2. The compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer for improving the feeding power of shellfish culture baits according to claim 1, wherein the gelatinized starch has a viscosity of 40-45 and a gelatinization degree of more than 85%.
3. A method for preparing a compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer for improving the feed supply of shellfish culture according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
1) Mixing raw materials of ammonium chloride, gelatinized starch and sodium alginate, adding water and stirring to obtain wet powder;
2) Pressing the wet powder into fertilizer blocks with the thickness of 0.8-2.5cm, the pressing time being 5.0-9.5s and the pressure being 2MPa, and then air-drying the fertilizer blocks for 1-48h;
3) Immersing the air-dried fertilizer block into a calcium chloride solution, and keeping the immersing for 4-24 hours;
4) After the impregnation is finished, standing for 12-144 hours at a shady and ventilated place to obtain the compound slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer for improving the feed supply force of shellfish culture baits.
4. The method for preparing a compound slow-release nitrogen fertilizer for improving the feeding power of shellfish culture baits according to claim 3, wherein in the step 1), the stirring time is 30-120s.
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| CN102583741A (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2012-07-18 | 南京大学 | Slow-release carbon source material using sodium alginate as base material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109644908A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-19 | 辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院 | A kind of brown damp preventing control method in scallop cage culture zone |
| CN113396845A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-09-17 | 辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院 | Method for improving survival rate of two-year-old patinopecten yessoensis cultured in raft |
| CN114105701A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-03-01 | 日照职业技术学院 | Nutrient bacteriostatic slow-release ball for algae cultivation |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102583741A (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2012-07-18 | 南京大学 | Slow-release carbon source material using sodium alginate as base material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109644908A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-19 | 辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院 | A kind of brown damp preventing control method in scallop cage culture zone |
| CN113396845A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-09-17 | 辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院 | Method for improving survival rate of two-year-old patinopecten yessoensis cultured in raft |
| CN114105701A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-03-01 | 日照职业技术学院 | Nutrient bacteriostatic slow-release ball for algae cultivation |
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