CN112586426A - Large yellow croaker wilding training system and training method - Google Patents
Large yellow croaker wilding training system and training method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/40—Culture of aquatic animals of annelids, e.g. lugworms or Eunice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/80—Feeding devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/047—Liquid pumps for aquaria
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large yellow croaker wild training system and a training method, and the technical scheme is characterized by comprising an ecological pond for containing natural seawater, a wild training pond and an artificial wetland, wherein the ecological pond, the wild training pond and the artificial wetland are connected through a submersible electric pump, a waterwheel type aerator is installed in the wild training pond, a microporous aerator pipe is laid at the bottom of the pond and connected with a roots blower, the artificial wetland is mainly made of soft mud matrix and planted with salt-tolerant plants, a lower layer, a middle layer and an upper layer are arranged in the wild training pond, the lower layer is made of sea sand, the middle layer comprises artificial matrixes laid on two sides of the wild training pond, the upper layer is an ecological floating bed, and the ecological floating bed is planted with the salt-tolerant plants. The invention leads the wild training environment of the large yellow croaker to be more complicated and approximate to the natural condition by the mode of running water stimulation, rich nutrition layer and wild training environment, improves the wild training effect, leads the large yellow croaker to grow healthier by the mode of enhancing biological bait and circulating water resource, and is more suitable for survival.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of large yellow croaker wild training, in particular to a large yellow croaker wild training system and a large yellow croaker wild training method.
Background
The large yellow croaker is the most important seawater economic fish in China and has higher economic value and ecological value. Large yellow croaker is a migratory fish that inhabits temperate waters of the pacific northwest, the south and east of china, the korean peninsula and japan.
The breeding and releasing are used as a direct means for supplementing fishery resources and restoring ecological environment, the aim of improving the population structure and the ecological system structure and realizing ecological benefit and economic benefit is achieved by putting artificially bred fishes, shrimps, crabs and the like into a natural water area, the traditional breeding and releasing is to directly put large yellow croakers cultured in a net cage into a natural water bath, but the adaptability and the predation capacity of the large yellow croakers cultured in the net cage are insufficient, the survival rate of the large yellow croakers after releasing is low, so that the large yellow croakers need to be subjected to wild training before releasing to adapt to the natural environment after releasing, and a systematic method capable of effectively carrying out the wild training on the large yellow croakers is lacked in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a large yellow croaker wild training system which has the functions of having a complex wild training environment, facilitating good wild training of the large yellow croaker and improving the survival rate of the large yellow croaker.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a large yellow croaker wilding training system comprises an ecological pond, a wilding training pond and an artificial wetland, wherein the ecological pond, the wilding training pond and the artificial wetland are natural seawater, the ecological pond, the wilding training pond and the artificial wetland are connected through a submersible electric pump, a waterwheel type aerator is installed in the wilding training pond, the bottom of the ecological pond is soft mud, a microporous aeration pipe is laid at the bottom of the pond and is connected with a Roots blower, the artificial wetland main body is soft mud matrix and planted with salt-tolerant plants, a lower layer, a middle layer and an upper layer are arranged in the wilding training pond, the lower layer is sea sand filled at the bottom of the training pond, the middle layer comprises non-floating artificial matrixes laid at two sides of the wilding training pond, the artificial matrixes are polyester fibers, the upper layer is an ecological floating bed, a plurality of planting holes are formed in the ecological floating bed, and flowerpots planted with the salt-tolerant plants are arranged in the planting holes, the bottom of the flowerpot is provided with a via hole.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when carrying out the wild training, the biological bait in ecological pond sends into the wild training pond through submerged motor pump and supplies large yellow croaker to find food and carry out the wild training, water in the wild training pond sends into constructed wetland through submerged motor pump, purify the back through constructed wetland and send into ecological pond through submerged motor pump, so realize the cyclic utilization of water, make the basic bait in the wild training pond can obtain constantly replenishing, the large yellow croaker of being convenient for carries out the wild training, and be the aeration pipe air feed through the roots blower, make the interior oxygen of ecological pond sufficient biological bait of being convenient for grow.
The wild training pond is internally provided with a lower layer, a middle layer and an upper layer. The lower layer can be used for the shellfish and the clamworm to inhabit, the middle layer can be used for the microbial community consisting of bacteria, protozoa, fungi and algae to colonize, the upper layer can be used for planting salt-tolerant plants, and the root system can be used for the feeding of crustaceans to inhabit, so that when the wild training is carried out, correspondingly suitable organisms are put into the wild pool, the complexity of the environment of the wild training pool is improved, the wild training effect of the large yellow croaker is improved, and the survival rate of the large yellow croaker after the large yellow croaker is released is higher.
The invention is further configured to: the lower layer also comprises coral bones and oyster shells placed on the sea sand, the number of the oyster shells is 5-10kg/m3, and the number of the coral bones is 10-20kg/m 3.
By adopting the technical scheme, the coral bones and the oyster shells can be used for benthic fishes and crustaceans to perch, so that the perching environment is improved, the biological species which can be input into the wild training pond are increased, the ecological environment of the wild training pond is enriched, and the wild training effect is improved.
The invention is further configured to: the area of the ecological pond is 16 mu, the water depth is 2.7 m, the area of the wild training pond is 1.3 mu, the bottom of the pond and the peripheral revetments are hardened by cement, the area of the artificial wetland is 5 mu, the water depth is 3.2 m, the planting area of the salt-tolerant plants is more than 1/2 of the total area of the artificial wetland, and the number ratio of the ecological pond, the wild training pond and the artificial wetland is 1:4: 1.
By adopting the technical scheme, the ecological pond, the wild training pond and the constructed wetland are more balanced in number, the ecological pond and the constructed wetland are fully utilized by increasing the wild training pond and reducing the area of the wild training pond, and the wild training pond is smaller and is easy to manage.
The invention is further configured to: the ecological floating bed comprises a bed body, the bed body is made of high polymer polyethylene and is 6-8cm thick, 16 planting holes are distributed in each square meter, flowerpots are placed in the planting holes, a connecting frame is arranged between every two adjacent planting holes, and the connecting frame is T-shaped.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the root system accessible via hole of planting the salt-tolerant plant in the flowerpot extends the surface of water and grows, and connects and to provide the support for the root system of salt-tolerant plant for some root system can grow along the link, makes the growth of root system more flourishing, improves the plant survival rate, and the root system of adjacent plant is crisscross mutually simultaneously, provides better habitat for shellfish biological bait.
The invention is further configured to: the link is equipped with the stopper including the installation pole, the upper end of installation pole, bed body upper end is equipped with the spacing groove that supplies the stopper embedding, and the bottom of spacing groove is equipped with the mounting hole that supplies the installation pole to pass, and the outside of mounting hole is equipped with the location lid with bed body threaded connection, the both sides that the installation pole is close to two adjacent flowerpots are equipped with the groove of accomodating, and the lower extreme in accomodating the groove rotates to be connected with and accomodates the pole, accomodates to be fixed with the bracing piece on the pole, is equipped with the connecting hole on the bracing piece, is connected with on the installation.
Through adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, when the erection joint frame, pass the mounting groove and make the bottom butt of stopper and spacing groove with the installation pole, then rotate the bracing piece through the control assembly and with to the horizontality and fixed, then will fix a position the fixed of lid and bed body coupling realization link, bracing piece after the expansion is close to adjacent flowerpot, thereby be convenient for provide the support for the growth of plant root system in the flowerpot, and the connecting hole on the bracing piece is convenient for plant root system to pass, make plant root system and link be connected closely, link simple to operate simultaneously, can separately deposit the transportation with the link and the bed body before the installation, make link and the bed body not fragile.
The invention is further configured to: the inner side of the mounting rod is provided with a mounting cavity, the upper end of the limiting block is provided with an operating groove, the containing assembly comprises an operating rod which is rotatably connected with the bottom of the operating groove, the lower end of the operating rod extends into the mounting cavity and is fixed with a driving bevel gear, the driving bevel gear is meshed with a transmission bevel gear, one end of the containing rod extends into the mounting cavity and is fixed with the transmission bevel gear, a control wheel is fixed at the upper end of the control rod, a positioning bolt is connected on the control wheel in a threaded manner, the positioning bolt is a butterfly bolt, the bottom of the control groove is provided with a first positioning groove and a second positioning groove which are 90 degrees away from the first positioning groove, when the control disc is rotated to enable the support rod to be abutted against the lower end of the containing groove, the position of the positioning bolt corresponds to the first positioning groove, when the control disc is rotated to enable the supporting rod to be embedded into the containing groove and abutted against the bottom of the containing groove, the position of the positioning bolt corresponds to the second positioning groove.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, can drive control pole and drive bevel gear through the control wheel and rotate, and then drive transmission bevel gear and rotate, realize the control to the bracing piece position, and when rotating the control dish and making the bracing piece and receive the lower extreme butt in groove, the positioning bolt position corresponds with first constant head tank, when rotating the control dish and making the bracing piece imbed to receive groove and receiving tank bottom butt, the positioning bolt position corresponds with the second constant head tank, can advance over to the positioning bolt and advance line location to the position of bracing piece in first constant head tank or the second constant head tank.
The invention also provides a large yellow croaker wild training method which has the functions of improving the large yellow croaker wild training effect and improving the survival rate of the large yellow croaker.
A large yellow croaker wild training method using the large yellow croaker wild training system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the large yellow croaker wild training system according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
step 1: preparing an ecological pond, a wild training pond and an artificial wetland, and pouring natural seawater into the ecological pond, the wild training pond and the artificial wetland;
step 2: directionally and quantitatively culturing basic baits of the wild training pond; pumping water from the ecological pond to a wild training pond for two weeks, keeping the water depth at about 1m and the water temperature at more than 22 ℃, inoculating microalgae seeds cultured at 2 levels in the wild training pond, wherein the inoculation amount of the microalgae mainly comprises Chaetoceros, Phaeodactylum and Panicum is 1m3The density of the algae is more than 100 ten thousand per liter, and the south America white prawn seedlings are put in1 ten thousand of white shrimp fries per mu are fed, the length of the fries is about 1cm, 2 1.5kw waterwheel type automatic ventilators are started to increase the oxygen, the feed protein is 42 percent of prawn opening material, the daily feeding amount is 8 percent of the total weight of the prawn feeding amount, the feeding is divided into early feeding, middle feeding and late feeding 3 times with the corresponding ratio of 2:2:1, and water body exchange is not carried out in the culture process.
And step 3: wild training: stopping feeding the prawn starter feed, and feeding large yellow croaker for artificial breeding of fries with a fry feeding density of 100-200 fries/m3The specification is about 1 g/tail; throwing in intertidal shellfish mainly comprising Ruditapes philippinarum, wherein the throwing amount is 30-50 grains/m2，The length of the specification shell is about 0.5 cm; throwing 10 clamworms per meter2The size is about 1cm, and the mullet is 10 fish tails/m3About 2 g/tail gauge; cluodon clupanodon 5/m 3, specification 2 g/tail; black porgy 20 tails: 5 g/tail; weever 20 tails, 5 g/tail; starting the submerged electric pump to enable the water body to circularly flow among the ecological pond, the wild training pond and the constructed wetland, wherein the power of the submerged electric pump is 1.5kw, and the water yield per hour is 20m3The total time of pumping water every day is 8h, the operation mode of the submersible electric pump is that the submersible electric pump continuously operates for 1 hour every 2 hours every day, and the waterwheel type aerator in the wild training pond is started, and the flow rate is 0.2-0.6 m/s.
By adopting the technical scheme, the basic bait in the wild training pond is directionally and quantitatively cultured, so that the bait in the wild training pond is sufficient and is convenient for the prior large yellow croaker to be trained in the wild training, meanwhile, various suitable organisms are put into the wild training pond to form three nutrition layers in the wild training pond, the first nutrition layer consists of planktonic microalgae, benthic algae and bacteria, the second nutrition layer consists of crustaceans such as copepods, decapod, branchia, krill and the like, mudflat shellfish, clamworm, mullet and clupanodon, the third nutrition layer consists of large yellow croaker, black sea bream and weever, the complexity of the wild training pond is enriched through the three nutrition layers, the wild training effect of the large yellow croaker is improved, meanwhile, the three nutrition layers form a complete food chain, the large yellow croaker can prey the organisms of the second nutrition layer according to a descending effect, so that the biomass of the nutrition layer is reduced, and the increase of the algae biomass in the first nutrition level is promoted, the growth and the propagation of the biological bait in the second nutrition level are promoted again, and the black porgy, the weever and the large yellow croaker have a competitive relationship, a predation and prey relationship, so that the wild training effect of the large yellow croaker is promoted more easily.
The invention is further configured to: before step 3, carrying out proliferation and carbon-nitrogen ratio regulation on biological baits in the ecological pond, wherein the duration period is two months, and step 2 starts from the biological bait proliferation and carbon-nitrogen ratio regulation for the last two weeks, and firstly preparing a carbon source and fish paste fermentation liquor: mixing rice bran, wheat flour, sterilized seawater and bacillus according to a ratio of 10:20:39:1, and fermenting for 24 hours to form a carbon source; mixing fish meat and lactic acid according to a ratio of 50:1, fermenting for 6-8 h, sealing and storing at 1-5 ℃ by using a sterile instrument for later use; 80kg of carbon source, 50g of vitamin b1, 10g of vitamin b12 and 500g of sodium silicate are put into each mu of ecological pond, the putting period is 1 time of application every 2 weeks, and 10 kg/mu of fish paste fermentation liquor is put into each mu of ecological pond every day.
By adopting the technical scheme, carbon and nitrogen regulation in the ecological pond is realized by adding the carbon source and the fish paste fermentation liquor into the ecological pond, so that the biological bait in the ecological pond is promoted to proliferate, and the bait biomass can reach 1.5kg/m by the mode3Therefore, in the subsequent wild training, the biological bait entering the wild training pond from the ecological pond is sufficient, the large yellow croaker can conveniently prey, and the wild training effect is improved.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the water in the ecological pond, the wild training pond and the constructed wetland is circulated through the submersible electric pump, so that the water recycling is ensured, and biological bait is continuously supplemented in the wild training pond, so that the large yellow croaker is convenient to find in the wild training pond, and an abundant ecological environment is constructed in the wild training pond, a plurality of nutrition layers are formed to generate an uplink effect and a downlink effect, so that the living environment of the large yellow croaker is closer to the nature, and the wild training effect is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the wild training pond in this embodiment;
fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view at a of fig. 2.
Reference numerals: 1. an ecological pond; 2. a wild training pond; 3. artificial wetland; 4. a submersible electric pump; 5. a waterwheel aerator; 6. an aeration pipe; 7. a Roots blower; 21. a lower layer; 22. a middle layer; 23. an upper layer; 231. a bed body; 232. a flower pot; 233. mounting a rod; 234. a limiting block; 235. a storage rod; 236. a support bar; 237. a positioning cover; 238. a control component; 2311. planting holes; 2312. a limiting groove; 2313. mounting holes; 2321. a via hole; 2331. a receiving groove; 2332. a mounting cavity; 2341. a control slot; 2342. a first positioning groove; 2361. connecting holes; 2381. a control lever; 2382. a drive bevel gear; 2383. a drive bevel gear; 2384. a control wheel; 2385. and (6) positioning the bolt.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment discloses a large yellow croaker wild training system and a training method, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the system comprises an ecological pond 1, a wild training pond 2 and an artificial wetland 3, wherein the ecological pond 1, the wild training pond 2 and the artificial wetland 3 are connected through a submerged electric pump 4, and a waterwheel type aerator 5 is arranged in the wild training pond 2.
The area of the ecological pond 1 is 16 mu, the water depth is 2.7 m, the area of the wild training pond 2 is 1.3 mu, the bottom of the pond and the peripheral revetments are hardened by cement, and the water depth is 3.2 m. The pond bottom of the ecological pond 1 is soft mud, the micropore aeration pipe 6 is laid at the pond bottom, and the aeration pipe 6 is connected with the roots blower 7.
The area of the artificial wetland is 5 mu, the main body of the wetland is soft mud matrix, and salt-tolerant plants such as North American salicornia, soda-shade, sea horse teeth, atriplex triangularis, mangrove plants and the like are planted, and the planting area is more than 1/2 of the total area of the artificial wetland 3. The number ratio of the ecological pond 1, the wild training pond 2 and the artificial wetland 3 is 1:4: 1.
The wild training pond 2 is internally provided with a lower layer 21, a middle layer 22 and an upper layer 23. The lower layer 21 comprises sea sand filled at the bottom of the wild training pond 2, the height of the sea sand is 10-15cm, benthic shellfish and clamworm can perch, coral bones and oyster shells are 5-10kg/m3 and 10-20kg/m3 are put in the sea sand layer, and benthic fish and crustacean can perch; the middle layer 22 comprises non-floating artificial matrixes laid on two sides of the wild training pond 2, the artificial matrixes are polyester fibers, the density is 0.2g/cm3, the thickness is 2mm, the artificial matrixes are used for colonization of microbial communities consisting of bacteria, protozoa, fungi and algae, and the artificial matrixes supplement food sources for crustaceans; the upper layer 23 is an ecological floating bed, the ecological floating bed comprises a bed body 231, the bed body 231 is made of high-molecular polyethylene and is 6-8cm thick, a plurality of planting holes 2311 are formed in the bed body 231, 16 planting holes 2311 are distributed per square meter, flowerpots 232 for planting salt-tolerant plants are placed in the planting holes 2311, the diameters of the flowerpots 232 are 16cm, a plurality of through holes 2321 are formed in the bottoms of the flowerpots 232 and the lower ends of the side walls, close to the flowerpots 232, of the flowerpots 232, and the salt-tolerant plants can be salicornia, atriplex triangularis, soda canopies, hippoc.
The connecting frame is arranged between the adjacent planting holes 2311 and comprises a mounting rod 233, the upper end of the mounting rod 233 is provided with a limiting block 234, the upper end of the bed body 231 is provided with a limiting groove 2312 for the limiting block 234 to be embedded, the bottom of the limiting groove 2312 is provided with a mounting hole 2313 for the mounting rod 233 to pass through, and the outer side of the limiting groove 2312 is provided with a positioning cover 237 in threaded connection with the bed body 231. Two sides of the mounting rod 233 close to the two adjacent flowerpots 232 are provided with a receiving groove 2331, the lower end of the receiving groove 2331 is rotatably connected with a receiving rod 235, a supporting rod 236 is fixed on the receiving rod 235, a connecting hole 2361 is arranged on the supporting rod 236, and a control component 238 for controlling the rotation of the supporting rod 236 is connected to the mounting rod 233.
The inner side of the mounting rod 233 is provided with a mounting chamber 2332, the upper end of the limit block 234 is provided with a control groove 2341, the accommodating component comprises a control rod 2381 which is rotatably connected with the bottom of the control groove 2341, the lower end of the control rod 2381 extends into the mounting chamber 2332 and is fixed with a drive bevel gear 2382, the drive bevel gear 2382 is meshed with a transmission bevel gear 2383, and one end of the accommodating rod 235 extends into the mounting chamber 2332 and is fixed with the transmission bevel gear 2383. A control wheel 2384 is fixed to the upper end of the control rod 2381, and the control wheel 2384 can drive the control rod 2381 and the drive bevel gear 2382 to rotate, and further drive the drive bevel gear 2383 to rotate, thereby controlling the position of the support rod 236. There is positioning bolt 2385 in threaded connection on controlling wheel 2384, positioning bolt 2385 is the butterfly bolt, bottom controlling groove 2341 is equipped with first constant head tank 2342 and second constant head tank (not shown in the figure), the second constant head tank presss from both sides 90 degrees with first constant head tank 2342, when rotating the control dish and making bracing piece 236 and receive the lower extreme butt of groove 2331, positioning bolt 2385 position and first constant head tank 2342 correspond, when rotating the control dish and making bracing piece 236 imbed to receive groove 2331 and receive groove 2331 bottom butt, positioning bolt 2385 position and second constant head tank correspond.
When the connecting frame is installed, the installation rod 233 penetrates through the installation groove, the limiting block 234 abuts against the bottom of the limiting groove 2312, the control wheel 2384 is rotated, the supporting rod 236 rotates to the horizontal state to abut against the lower end of the accommodating groove 2331, the positioning bolt 2385 is matched with the first positioning groove 2342, and the position of the supporting rod 236 is fixed and then the connecting frame is used.
When using, salt-tolerant plant root system is flourishing, root system accessible via hole 2321 extends to below the surface of water and supplies the crustacean biological bait to perch, and partial root system can rely on bracing piece 236 to grow for the growth of root system is more flourishing, improves the plant survival rate, and the root system of adjacent plant is crisscross mutually simultaneously, provides better habitat for the crustacean biological bait, and link simple to operate need not the artifical installation of boring under water, easily separately deposits when the transportation, avoids damaging.
The wild training method comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing an ecological pond 1, a wild training pond 2 and an artificial wetland 3, and filling natural seawater into the ecological pond 1, the wild training pond 2 and the artificial wetland 3;
step 2: preparing a carbon source and fish paste fermentation liquor: mixing rice bran, wheat flour, sterilized seawater and bacillus according to a ratio of 10:20:39:1, and fermenting for 24 hours to form a carbon source; mixing fish meat and lactic acid according to a ratio of 50:1, fermenting for 6-8 h, sealing and storing at 1-5 ℃ by using a sterile instrument for later use;
and step 3: and (3) biological bait proliferation and carbon-nitrogen ratio regulation in the ecological pond 1: 80kg of carbon source, 50g of vitamin b1, 10g of vitamin b12 and 500g of sodium silicate are put into each mu of the ecological pond 1, the putting period is 1 time of application every 2 weeks, and the fish paste fermentation liquor is put into each mu of the ecological pond 1, and the daily application amount is 10 kg/mu;
and 4, step 4: directionally and quantitatively culturing basic baits of the wild training pond 2; pumping water from the ecological pond 1 into the wild training pond 2, keeping the water depth at about 1m and the water temperature at more than 22 ℃ for two weeks, then inoculating microalgae seeds cultured at 2 levels in the wild training pond 2, wherein the inoculation amount of the microalgae is mainly chaetoceros, phaeodactylum and tetraselmis is 1m3, the algae density is more than 100 ten thousand per liter, feeding penaeus vannamei larvae and Exopalaemon carinicauda larvae each with 1 ten thousand tails per mu and the body length of the larvae about 1cm, starting 2 water wheel type automatic aerators 5 with 1.5kw for oxygenation, feeding prawn opening feed with 42% of feed protein, feeding prawn opening feed with a daily feeding amount of 8% of the total weight of the prawn feeding amount, feeding the prawn opening feed in early, middle and late 3 times and with a corresponding ratio of 2:2:1, and in the culture process, not exchanging water;
and 5: wild training: stopping feeding the prawn starter feed, and feeding large yellow croaker artificial breeding fries, wherein the fry feeding density is 100-200/m 3, and the specification is about 1 g/tail; throwing intertidal shellfish mainly comprising Ruditapes philippinarum, wherein the throwing amount is 30-50 particles/m 2, and the shell length is about 0.5 cm; throwing nereis of 10 tails/m 2, the size of about 1cm, mullet 10 tails/m 3, the size of about 2 g/tail; cluodon clupanodon 5/m 3, specification 2 g/tail; black porgy 20 tails: 5 g/tail; weever 20 tails, 5 g/tail; and (2) starting the submersible electric pump 4 to enable the water body to circularly flow among the ecological pond 1, the wild training pond 2 and the artificial wetland 3, wherein the power of the submersible electric pump 4 is 1.5kw, the water yield per hour is 20m3, the total water pumping time per day is 8h, the operation mode of the submersible electric pump 4 is that the submersible electric pump continuously operates for 1 hour every 2 hours every day, and the waterwheel type aerator 5 in the wild training pond 2 is started, and the flow rate is 0.2-0.6 m/s.
When the method is used for wild training, water circularly flows among the ecological pond 1, the wild training pond 2 and the constructed wetland 3, water quality rises to facilitate the survival of the large yellow croaker, the ecological pond 1 is a biological bait reserve field, biological bait which is favored by breeding the large yellow croaker to eat enters the wild training pond 2 through a circulating pump, and the ecological pond 1 is easier to grow the large yellow croaker biological bait through carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment, so that the biological bait in seawater in the ecological pond 1 is rapidly added, the biological bait in the wild training pond 2 is sufficient, the large yellow croaker is convenient to prey, the digestion capacity, the motion capacity and the immunity of fish bodies are enhanced, the large yellow croaker is healthier and is easy to discharge in the later period, the water bodies discharged by the wild training pond 2 are purified through the constructed wetland 3 to be recycled in the ecological pond 1, the water quality is purified and improved, and the large yellow croaker after the wild training is healthier, after proliferation and releasing, the survival rate is high, oxygen is supplemented by the waterwheel type aerator 5, and water flow is simulated, so that the environment of the wild training pond is closer to the natural environment, and the wild training effect of the large yellow croaker is improved.
Three nutrition layers are formed in the wild training pond 2, the first nutrition layer is composed of planktonic microalgae, benthic algae and bacteria, the second nutrition layer is composed of copepods, decapods, shrimps, krills and other crustaceans, mudflat shellfish, clamworms, mullet fishes and clupanodon, the third nutrition layer is composed of large yellow croaker, black sea bream and weever, so that a complete food chain is formed, the complexity of the wild training pond 2 is enriched through the three nutrition layers, the wild training effect of the large yellow croaker is improved, and according to the descending effect, the large yellow croaker can prey on organisms in the second nutrition layer, so that the biomass of the nutrition layer is reduced, the algal biomass of the first nutrition layer is increased, the algal biomass of the second nutrition layer is increased, the growth and propagation of biological baits in the second nutrition layer are promoted again, and the black sea bream, the weever and the large, The relationship between predation and predation can promote the wild training effect of the large yellow croaker more easily.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the design concept of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a large yellow croaker training system in wild, includes ecological pond (1), wild training pond (2) and constructed wetland (3), its characterized in that: the ecological pond (1), the wild training pond (2) and the constructed wetland (3) are made of natural seawater, the ecological pond (1), the wild training pond (2) and the constructed wetland (3) are connected through a submersible electric pump (4), a waterwheel type aerator (5) is installed in the wild training pond (2), soft mud is arranged at the bottom of the ecological pond (1), a microporous aeration pipe (6) is laid at the bottom of the pond, the aeration pipe (6) is connected with a roots blower (7), the main body of the constructed wetland (3) is made of soft mud matrix, salt-tolerant plants are planted in the soft mud matrix, a lower layer (21), a middle layer (22) and an upper layer (23) are arranged in the wild training pond (2), the lower layer (21) is made of sea sand filled at the bottom of the training pond, the middle layer (22) comprises non-floating artificial matrixes laid on two sides of the wild training pond (2), and the artificial matrixes are made of polyester fibers, the upper layer (23) is an ecological floating bed, a plurality of planting holes (2311) are formed in the ecological floating bed, flowerpots (232) planted with salt-tolerant plants are arranged in the planting holes (2311), and through holes (2321) are formed in the bottoms of the flowerpots (232).
2. The large yellow croaker wilding training system of claim 1, wherein: the lower layer (21) also comprises coral bones and oyster shells placed on the sea sand, the number of the oyster shells is 5-10kg/m3, and the number of the coral bones is 10-20kg/m 3.
3. The large yellow croaker wilding training system of claim 2, wherein: the area of the ecological pond (1) is 16 mu, the water depth is 2.7 m, the area of the wild training pond (2) is 1.3 mu, the bottom and the peripheral revetments are hardened by cement, the area of the artificial wetland (3) is 5 mu, the water depth is 3.2 m, the planting area of the salt-tolerant plants is more than 1/2 of the total area of the artificial wetland (3), and the number ratio of the ecological pond (1), the wild training pond (2) and the artificial wetland (3) is 1:4: 1.
4. The large yellow croaker wilding training system of claim 3, wherein: the ecological floating bed comprises a bed body (231), the bed body (231) is made of high polymer polyethylene and is 6-8cm thick, 16 planting holes (2311) are distributed per square meter, flowerpots (232) are placed in the planting holes (2311), connecting frames are arranged between every two adjacent planting holes (2311), and the connecting frames are T-shaped.
5. The large yellow croaker wilding training system of claim 4, wherein: the link includes installation pole (233), and the upper end of installation pole (233) is equipped with stopper (234), bed body (231) upper end is equipped with spacing groove (2312) that supplies stopper (234) embedding, and the bottom of spacing groove (2312) is equipped with mounting hole (2313) that supply installation pole (233) to pass, and the outside of mounting hole (2313) is equipped with location lid (237) with bed body (231) threaded connection, the both sides that installation pole (233) are close to two adjacent flowerpots (232) are equipped with and accomodate groove (2331), and the lower extreme of accomodating groove (2331) rotates and is connected with and accomodates pole (235), accomodates and is fixed with bracing piece (236) on pole (235), is equipped with connecting hole (2361) on bracing piece (236), is connected with on installation pole (233) and is used for controlling the rotatory control assembly (238) of bracing piece (236.
6. The large yellow croaker wilding training system of claim 5, wherein: the inner side of the mounting rod (233) is provided with a mounting cavity (2332), the upper end of the limiting block (234) is provided with a control groove (2341), the accommodating component comprises a control rod (2381) rotatably connected with the bottom of the control groove (2341), the lower end of the control rod (2381) extends into the mounting cavity (2332) and is fixed with a drive bevel gear (2382), the drive bevel gear (2382) is meshed with the drive bevel gear (2383), one end of the accommodating rod (235) extends into the mounting cavity (2332) and is fixed with the drive bevel gear (2383), the upper end of the control rod (2381) is fixed with a control wheel (2384), the control wheel (2384) is connected with a positioning bolt (2385) in a threaded manner, the positioning bolt (2385) is a butterfly bolt, the bottom of the control groove (2341) is provided with a first positioning groove (2342) and a second positioning groove, the second positioning groove and the first positioning groove (2342) form a 90-degree angle, and when the control plate is rotated to enable the supporting rod (233236) to be abutted against the lower end of the accommodating groove (233, the position of the positioning bolt (2385) corresponds to the first positioning groove (2342), and when the control disc is rotated to enable the supporting rod (236) to be embedded into the receiving groove (2331) and abut against the bottom of the receiving groove (2331), the position of the positioning bolt (2385) corresponds to the second positioning groove.
7. A large yellow croaker wild training method using the large yellow croaker wild training system according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that:
step 1: preparing an ecological pond (1), a wild training pond (2) and an artificial wetland (3), and pouring natural seawater into the ecological pond (1), the wild training pond (2) and the artificial wetland (3);
step 2: directionally and quantitatively culturing basic bait in the wild training pond (2); pumping water from the ecological pond (1) to a wild training pond (2) for two weeks, keeping the water depth at about 1m and the water temperature at more than 22 ℃, inoculating microalgae seeds cultured at 2 levels in the wild training pond (2), wherein the inoculation amount of the microalgae mainly comprises chaetoceros, phaeodactylum and tetraselmis is 1m3, the algae density is more than 100 ten thousand per liter, feeding south America white prawn seeds and acaudina chinensis seeds with the length of about 1cm, starting 2 water wheel type automatic aerator (5) with 1.5kw for oxygenation, feeding prawn opening feed with feed protein of 42%, the daily feeding amount is 8% of the total weight of the prawn feeding amount, feeding the prawns in early, middle and late times for 3 times and the corresponding ratio is 2:2:1, and in the culture process, no water body exchange is performed;
and step 3: wild training: stopping feeding the prawn starter feed, and feeding large yellow croaker artificial breeding fries, wherein the fry feeding density is 100-200/m 3, and the specification is about 1 g/tail; throwing intertidal shellfish mainly comprising Ruditapes philippinarum, wherein the throwing amount is 30-50 particles/m 2, and the shell length is about 0.5 cm; throwing nereis of 10 tails/m 2, the size of about 1cm, mullet 10 tails/m 3, the size of about 2 g/tail; cluodon clupanodon 5/m 3, specification 2 g/tail; black porgy 20 tails: 5 g/tail; weever 20 tails, 5 g/tail; and (2) starting the submersible electric pump (4) to enable the water body to circularly flow among the ecological pond (1), the wild training pond (2) and the artificial wetland (3), wherein the power of the submersible electric pump (4) is 1.5kw, the water yield per hour is 20m3, the total water pumping time per day is 8 hours, the operation mode of the submersible electric pump (4) is that the submersible electric pump continuously operates for 1 hour every 2 hours every day, the water vehicle type aerator (5) in the wild training pond (2) is started, and the flow rate is 0.2-0.6 m/s.
8. The method for wild training of large yellow croaker according to claim 7, wherein: before step 3, the biological feed in the ecological pond (1) is subjected to proliferation and carbon-nitrogen ratio regulation, the duration period is two months, step 2 begins with the biological feed proliferation and the carbon-nitrogen ratio regulation for the last two weeks, and a carbon source and fish paste fermentation liquor are prepared: mixing rice bran, wheat flour, sterilized seawater and bacillus according to a ratio of 10:20:39:1, and fermenting for 24 hours to form a carbon source; mixing fish meat and lactic acid according to a ratio of 50:1, fermenting for 6-8 h, sealing and storing at 1-5 ℃ by using a sterile instrument for later use; 80kg of carbon source, 50g of vitamin b1, 10g of vitamin b12 and 500g of sodium silicate are put into each mu of the ecological pond (1), the putting period is 1 time of application every 2 weeks, and 10 kg/mu of fish paste fermentation liquor is put into each mu of the ecological pond (1) every day.
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